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%'''" ' -' - c-. i ^ - ... ., .^j L I - II I III I nr Mil > > - -ill II -iminrrnnnniTui urn aa, rum irr- m tv.i Y"-- -? _^=__^=__='! V1S The Abbeville Press and Banner. 1 BY HUGH WILSON. ABBEVILLE, S. C., WEDNESDAY, SEPTEMBER 23, 1896. ESTABLISHED 1844 .J| CARLISLE'S CIRCULAR. A Pamphlet Issued For the Public Benefit. GOLD, SILVER AND PAPER. Information That Everybody Wants to Know. FACTS FROM AN OFFICIAL SOURCE. The Relative Production of Gold and Silver In the Whole World For a Century. Different Kind* of Money Issued by the I United States?Standards In Other Countries?Amount of Money In Circulation. Secretary of the Treasury Carlisle recently gave the following order to A. T. Huntington, chief of the division of loans and currency of the treasury: In view of the great number of requests for information respecting United States bon<ls, the currency, coinage, production of the precious metals and kindred subjects and the impracticability of responding to each request separately, you are hereby directed to cause a circular of information to bo prepared, which shall cover the Questions most frequently ask ed. The text of the circular should state, as briefly and clearly as possible without comment, the historical facts. * * * Respectfully yours, J. G. Caklisle, Secretary. In consonance with this order a pamphlet was prepared, and the lirst edition was quickly exhausted. Its most valuable parts are given herewith: There are ten different kinds of money in circulation in the United States?namely, gold coin, standard silver dollars, subMONETARY SYSTEMS AND APPROXIJ Mc sj United States (a) Gold a: United Kingdom Gold... France Gold a' Germany Gold.., Belgium Gold a Italy Gold a Switzerland Gold ai Spain Gold ai Portugal Gold.., Austria-Hungary Gold.., Netherlands Gold a Norway Gold.. Sweden Gold.. Denmark Gold.., Russia Silver. Turkey Gold a: Australia Gold.., Eifypt Gold.. Mexico Silver. Central American states Silver. South American states Silver Japan Gold ai India Gold a China Silver. Canada Gold.. Cuba Gold ai Total a July 1,1896; all other countries Jan. 1, ] eentatives. d Haupt. e Except Venezuela sldiary silver, gold certificates, silver certificates, treasury notes issued under the act of July 14, 1890, United States notes, also called greenbacks and lejfal tenders, j national bank notes and nickel and bronzo coins. These forms of money aie all avail- ! able as circulation. While they do not all possess the full legal tender quality, each kind has such attributes ns to give it currency. The status of each kind is as follows: Gold coin is legal tender at its nominal or face value for all debts, public and pri vate, wncn not Deiow uie swinuaru weignc and limit of tolerance prescribed by law, and when below such standard and limit of tolerance it Is legal tender in proportion to its weight Standard silver dollars are legal tender at their nominal or face value in payment of all debts, public and private, without regard to the amount, except where otherwise expressly stipulated in tho contract. Subsidiary silver is legal tender for amounts not exceeding $10 in anyone payment. Treasury notes of the act of July 14, 1890, are legal tender for all debts, public and private, except where otherwise expressly stipulated in the contract. United Stotes notes are legal tender for all debts, public and private, except duties on imports and interest on the public debt. Gold certificates, silver certificates and national bank notes are not legal tender, but both cliisses of certificates are receivable for all public dues, while national bank notes aro receivable for all public dues except duties on imports, and may t>e paid out by the government for all salaries and other debts and demands owing by the United States to individuals, corporations and associations within the United States, except interest on the public debt and in redemption of the national currency. All national banks are required by law to receive the notes of other national banks at par. oaimo of nW?L'ql mtw! r*r\r\ru*T are legal tender to the extent of 25 cents. Gold Colon. The coinage of legal tender gold was authorized by the first coinage act passed by congress, April 2, 1792. The gold unit of value is the dollar, which contains 25.8 grains of standard gold 900 fine. Gold is now coined in denominations of $2.50, $5, $10 and $20, called respectively quarter eagles, half eagles, eagles and double eagles. The total coinage of gold by the mints of the United States from 1792 to Juno 30, 1896, is $1,814,(592,25:5, of which it is estimated that $507,931,823 isstill in existence no nnln In tlit> Unit ! Status. whiln thu I remainder, $1,24(5,760,430, has been exported or consumed in the flno arts. The gold bullion now in the United States amounts to $32,268,055. It will bo seen that more than two-thirds of the gold coins struck at the mints of the United States iiave disappeared from circulation. Silver Coius. ' The silver unit is tlio dollar, which contains 412}$ grains of standard silver 900 fine. The amount of fine silver in the dollar is 371 % grains, and there are 41}< grains of copper alloy. The standard silver dollar was first authorized by the act of April 2, 1702. Its weight was 410 graius 892.4 fine. The total amount coined from | 1792 to 1873 was $8,031,238, and the amount coined from 1878 to June 30, 1896, was $480,790,041. The coinage ratio be I tween gold and silver under the act of 1792 was 15 to 1, but by the act of 1837 it was changed to 15.988 to 1 (commonly called 16 to 1). This is the present ratio. Of the $430,790,041 standard silver dollars coined since February, 1S78, there was held in the treasury June 30, 1896, $378,614,043, and the amount outside the treasury was $52,175,998. Silver certificates t*) the amount of $342,619,504 have been issued against that amount of the standard silver dollars held in the treasury. The commercial value of an ounce of fine silver June 30, 1896, was $0.6924, and the commercial value of the silver in the silver dollar on that date was 55 cents. Paper Money. The first paper money ever issued by tho government of the United States was authorized by the acts of July 17 and Aug. ? Id61. The notes issued were called''demand notes" because they were payable on clemanu at cerium uc.M^nuitu nm.nv...-.uries. They were receivable for public dues, and the secretory was authorized to reissue them when received; but the time within which such reissues might be made w.is limited to Dec. 31, 18(52. The amount authorized by theso acts was $50,000,000. An additional issue of $10,000,000 was authorized by the act of I'eb. 12, 1862, and there were reissues amounting to $30,000. The demand notes were paid in gold when presented for redemption, and they were received for all public dues, and these two qualities prevented their depreciation. All other United States notes were depreciated in value from 1802 until the resumption of specie payments. The act of Feb. 25, 1862, provided for the substitution of United States notes in plaoc of the demand notes, and they were therefore canceled when received. By July 1, 1803, all except $3,770,000 had been retired, and nearly $3,000,000 of this small remainder was canceled during the next fiscal voir. These notes were not legal tender when first issued, but they were afterward made so by the act of March 17, 1862. United States Notes. The principal issue of United States paper money was officially called United States notes. These were the well known "greenbacks" or "legal tenders." The act of Feb. 25, 1862, authorized the issue of $150,000,000, of which 850.000,000 was rlATE STOCKS OF MONEY IN THE AOOIiE PAL COUNTRIES OF TIIE WORLD. Ratio between gold and rull legal rnetary tender Stock of stem. silver. Population. gold. Qd silver 1 to 15.98 71.390.IXX) $600,100,00 38,900,(100 1)580,000,00 rid silver.....1 to 15^ 38,300,000 b850,000.00 , 51.200,000 b625,(XX),00 nd silver 1 to 15^ 6,300,(XX) b55,000,00 nd silver 1 to 15J$ 30,700,000 c98,200,00 tid silver 1 to 15V4 3.000,000 cl4,900,00 ud silver 1 to 15*6 17,500,(X)0 b40,000,00 ? 5,ioo,(xx) b:?,ax),oo 43,500,(XX) bl40,0(xl.00 nd silver.....1 to 15% 4,700,000 c-IV-DO.OO 2,000,(XX) b7,500,(X) ........... 4,800,(XX) c8,000,(XX 2,300,000 cl 4,500,00 1 to 15Mj 126,000.000 b480,000,00 nil silver ... .1 to 15% 22,000,000 b50,000,00 4,700.000 bl 15,000,00 6,800,000 bl20.000.00 to i6K> 12,100,000 b.5,000,00 1 to 15U; 5,600,000 b5(X),00 (e) 1 to 15^ 36,000,(XX) b40,000,00 nd silver 1 to 16.18 41.100.000 c80.000,00 nd silver 1 to 15 296,000,'XX) ? OOU,WU,UW 4,800,000 bl 4,000,00 ad silver 1 to 15& 1,800,000 bl8,000,00 * 84,008,800,00 1895. b Estimate, bureau of the mint, c Infori and Chile. In lieu of an equal amount of demand notes and could bo issued only as the demand notes were canceled. A second issue of $150,000,000 was authorized by the act of July 11, 1862, of whicn, However, fou,I 000,000 was to be u emi>ornry issue for the redemption of ?v debt known as the temporary loan. A third issue of $150,000,000 was authorized by the act of March 3, 1863. The total amount authorized, including the temporary issue, was $150,000,000, and the highest amount outstanding at any time was $149,338,902, on Jan. 30, 18(54. There is 6till outstanding $346,681,016. The reduction rrom tne original permanent issue of $400,000,000 to $340,681,016 was caused as follows: The act of April 12, 1866, provided that United States notes might be retired to tho extent of $10,000,000 during the ensuing sis months, and that thereafter they might be retired at the rate of not more than 14,000,000 per month. This authority remained in force until it was suspended by the act of Feb. 4, 18(58. The authorized amount of reduction during this period was about $70,000,000, but the actual reduction was only about $44,000,000. No change was made in the volume of United States notes out standing until after the panic of 1873, , when, in response to popular demand, the government reissued $26,000,000 of the uritnc This brought the amount outstanding to $382,000,000, and it so remained until the resumption iict of Jan. 14. 1875, provided for its reduction to $300,000,000. The process was, however, again stopped by the act of May 31, 1878, which required the notes to be reissued when redeemed. At that time the amount outstanding was $340,081,016, which is the present amount Gold Certificates. The act of March 3, 1803, authorized the secretary of the treasury to receive deposits of gold coin and bullion in sums not mini cviava. vu msuu wiuiuutiva therefor in denominations not less than $20, 'Said certificates to be receivable for duties on imports. Under this act deposits of gold were received and certificates issued until Jan. 1, 1879, when the practice was discontinued by ordor of the secrotary of the treasury. The purposoof the order was to prevent the holders of United States notes from presenting them for redemption in gold and redepositing the gold iu exchange for gold certificates. No certificates were issued after Jan. 1, 1879, until , the passage of the bank act of July 12, i 1882, which authorized and directed the j secretary of the treasury to receive gold ' coin and bullion and issue certificates. Silver Certificates. The net of Feb. 28, 1878, authorizing the issue of the standard silver dollar, provid! ed that any holder of such dollars might deposit them in sums not less than $10 with the treasurer or any assistant treasurer of the United States and receive certificates therefor in denominations not less than $10, said certificates to 1x5 receivable for customs, taxes and all public dues. The act of Aug. 4, 1880, authorized tho is sue or the smaller denominations ot f l, and S5. Silver certificates have practically taken the place in circulation of the standard silver dollars which they represent The amount outside the treasury July 1, 1896, was $331,259,509, while the amount of standard silver dollars outside the treasury waa only $52,175,998. Neither silver ???ft in ?i?Pi rtii?n? I certificates nor silver dollars are redeemed in gold. Treasury Notes, Act of Jnly 14, 1890. These notes were authorized by the net of July 14, 1890, commonly called the "Sher[ man act." The secreruiy of the treasury was directed to purchase each month 4,500,000 ounces of fine silver at the market price, and to pay for the same with treasury notes redeemable on demand in coin and legal tender for nil debts, public and private, except where otherwise expressly stipulated in the contract It was provided in the act that when the notes should be redeemed or received for dues they might be rcissuea, dul ums hu ktovwji or less umount of such notes should be "outstanding at any time than the cost of the silver bullion and the standard silver dollars coined therefrom, then held in the treasury, purchased by such notes." The authority for the purchase of silver bullion under this act-^as repealed by the act of Nov. 1, 1893, u?P to which date the government had purchased 168,074,082.53 fine ounces at a cost of $155,031,002, for i which treasury notes were issued. The I amount of silver bullion purchased under said act and now held in the treasury is i 131,838,199.46 fine ounces, which cost $118,903,909.23. Redemption. i Gold coins and standard silver dollars being standard coins of the United States are not "redeemable." CiiVvciiHumr r>r\iiia nnd minor coins mav ^ ? bo presented in suras or multiples of $20 to the treasurer of the United States or to an assistant treasurer for redemption or exchange into lawful money. United States notes are redeemable in "coin," in sums not less than $50, by the ! assistant treasurers in New York and San ; Francisco. Treasury notes of 1890 are redeemable in ; "coin," in sums not lens than $50, by the treasurer and all assistant treasurers of the United States. National bunk notes are redeemable in lawful money of the United States by the i treasurer, but not by the assistant treasur| era They are also redeemable at the bank of issue. In order to provide for the redemption of its notes when presented, every national bank is required by law to keep on deposit with the treasurer a sura 1 A/.no1 frt n nnr /?nnf. nf if.Q r?<rrn1jLt.ioTl GATE AND PER CAPITA IN THE PRINCIPer capita of Stock of Paper circulation, silver. currency. GoM. Silver. 0 $025,(XX),000 $383,300,000 $8 41 $8 77 0 115,000,000 c 113,400,000 14 91 2 ffl o 4*7.000,000 cns.100,000 22 in 12 04 0 215.000.000 cCO,4flO.OOO 12 21 4 20 0 54.900.000 cC5,400,000 8 73 8 71 1) 41,400,000 cl91.800,000 3 20 1 35 0 15,000,000 4 97 6 00 I) 106,1X10,000 c83.700.000 2 28 9 49 9 24,800,000 c55,100,000 7 45 4 88 8 120,000,000 c204.3t)0.(i00 3 22 2 76 0 56,200,000 c28,H00.(Jtl0 6 21 11 90 0 2,01X1,000 c3,8(0.000 3 75 1 00 ) 4,800,000 e2.100,000 1 US 1 00 0 5,400,(XX) c5,4?.0,000 6 30 2 35 n au mm f.VJQ (if?i ik'?l 3 SO 33 0 40,000,000 2 27 1 82 0 7,000,000 24 47 1 49 0 15,000,(100 17 05 2 20 0 55,000,000 b2.000,000 41 4 54 0 12,000,000 c8.000.000 9 2 14 9 30.000,000 IxidO,OOO.UIO 1 11 83 0 84,300,000 1 95 2 05 950,000,000 1)37,0 ;0,O00 3 21 750.000,000 2 08 0 5.000.000 L29,000,04)0 2 92 1 04 0 1,500.000 10 00 83 0 $4,070,500,000 $2.4:30.500,000 rnation furnished through United States repreGolil certificates, being receipts for gold coin, are redeemable in such coin by the treasurer and all assistant treasurers of the United States. Silver certificates are receipts for standard silver dollars deposited, and aro redeemable in such dollars only. "Cblu" obligations of the government lire reueomeu in g;>iu cum wiguiu 1B ue" manded and in silver when silver is demanded. Coinage of the United Stated. Among the tables given the following are the most important: COINAGE EXECUTED AT THE MINTS OF THE J UNITED STATES DUHING THE BIX MONTHS ENDED JUNE 30, 1890. Pieces. Value. | Double eagles 1,001,320 $21,820,400 00 Eagles 20,278 202,780 00 i Half eagles 83,930 419,080 00 Quarter eagles 5,885 14,712 50 'Total gold 1,207,419 $22,523,572 60 : Dollars 7,500,412 $7,500,412 00 Half dollars 1,099,315 549,657 50 Quarter dollars 2,950,412 737,G03 00 Dimes 090,412 69,mi 20 Total silver 12,240,551 $8,856,713 70 a ?<m ? > ?) Kin fin One cent bronze 22,057,573 236,575 73 Total minor 27,447,784 $480,080 31 Total coinage 40,805,754 $31,840,372 52 COI.NAOE or QOI.D AND SII.VKIt BY THE MINTS OF THE UNITED STATES. 1873-1835. Silver coinGold value, inc value. 187 3 ?57,022,748 $4,024,748 187 4 35.254.0H0 0.851,777 187 5 32,051.940 15,at7,893 1870 40,570,453 24,503,308 187 7 43,009.804 28,393,046 187 8 49,780,053 28,518,850 1870 30,080,0S0 27,809,770 188 0 02,308,270 27.411,094 188 1 90,850,890 27,940,104 188 2 05.8S7.085 27,973.133 188 3 ... 29,241,990 29,240,908 188 4 23,001,750 28,534,800 188.'. 27,773,013 28.902,170 1880 28,045,543 32,080,709 1887., 23,072,383 85,101,081 188 8 31,380,808 33,025,000 188 9 21,413,931 35.490,083 1890. 20,407,182 30,202,908 1801 29,202,005 27,518,857 189 2 34,787,223 12,041,078 189 3 50.W7.020 8.802,797 189 4 79,540.100 9,200,351 1805 50,010,358 5,098,010 Total ...$997,070,091 $544,142,477 r-niHAnv nv nr.. i. ivn uii v'wk nv the mists OK THK WUOLK WOULD KOH THE YEAlUt 1873. 1894. Silver coinGold value. ing value. 187 3 $257,030,802 $131,544,404 187 4 135,778,387 102,931,233 ] 1875 195,087,428 119,915.487 i 1870 213,119,278 120,577,164 1877 201,010,400 114,359,332 ; I 1878 188.38(1,011 101,191,913 , I 1879 90,752,811 104,888,313 188 0 149.725,081 84,611,974 188 1 147,015,-75 108.010,086 188 2 99,097,170 110,785,984 1 1883 MM,>145,114 109 <**,705 i 1884 99,432,795 95,832,084 1XH5 H5.7S7.582 120.704.574 I 1880 04,04-',OTU 124,8%i, 101 , l&ST 121,002,405 103,411,307 1888 134,838,855 134,033,344 1880 108,001,510 130,303,505 1600 140,344,005 153,303,144 180 1 110,534,133 138,204.307 180 2 172,473,124 155,517,317 1803 232.420,517 137,052,000 1804 227,021,032 113,005,788 Total $3,404,703,409 $2,750,423,015 ! PRODUCTION OF GOLD AND SILVER IN THB WOULD SINCE THE DISCOVERY OF AMERICA. [Kroiu 1403 to 1885 is from a table of averages for certain periods compiled by Dr. Adolph Soetbeer. For the years 188(1 to 1895 the production is the annual estimate of the bureau of the mint.] / Value ? Percentage. Gold. Silver. Gold.Silver. 1493-1C20.... *107,031,000 *54,703,000 06.4 33.0 1521-15+4.... 114,205,000 80.080.000 55.0 44.1 1545-1500.... 90,482,000 207,240,000 30.4 09.0 1501-1580.... 90,917,000 248,000,^)0 20.7 73.3 iroi irnvi no nrir. rwwi oju nr.t tu*\ oo ru JJOI-iUW. ... IV 10(11-1(120.... 113,248,1X10 351,570,000 21.4 75.0 1621-1640.... 110,324,000 327,221,000 25.2 74.8 1641-1060.... 116,571.000 301,525,000 27.7 72.3 1CG1-1680 123,084,000 280,160,000 80.5 00.5 1681-1700,... 143,088,000 284,240,000 ;3.5 00.5 17C1-1720.... 170,403,000 295,6:.9,000 30.6 03.4 1721-1740.... 253,611,000 358.480,000 41.4 58.0 1741-1760.... 327,110,000 443,232,000 42.5 57.6 1701-1780.... 275,211,000 542,058,000 33.7 00.3 1781-1800.... 230.464,000 730,8)0,000 24.4 75.6 1601-1810.... 118,152,000 371,0iVXX) W.l 75.9 1811-1820.... 70,063,000 2^,786,000 25.3 74.7 1821-1830.... 04,479,000 101,444,000 33 07 1831-1840.... 134.841,000 247,930,000 35.2 04.8 1841-1850.... 363,928,000 324,400.000 52.9 47.1 1851-1855.... 002,500.000 184,169,000 78.3 21.7 1850-1860.... 670,415,000 188,092,000 78.1 21.9 1861-1805.... 014,944,000 228,861,000 72.9 27.1 1800-1870.... 648,071,000 278,313,000 70 30 1871-1875.... 577,883.000 409,322,000 1(8.5 41.5 r.Tomnimn r/io >-/! IMYI KI 47 1881-1886.... 405,582,000 594,773.000 45.5 54.5 1880 100,103.900 120,020.800 40.8 53.2 1887 105,774,900 124,281,000 45.9 54.1 1688 110,190,900 140,708,4*10 43.9 50.1 188 9 123,489,200 155,427,700 44.3 55.7 189 0 118,848,700 103,0.32,000 42.1 57.9 189 1 130.050,000 177,352,300 42.4 57.0 189 2 14C.815.100 198.014,400 42.5 67.5 189 3 157,287,600 214,745,300 42.4 57.8 189 4 180,028,100 210,892,200 45.0 54.4 1895* 203,000,000 220,000,000 47.3 52.7 Total 18,783,467,400110,357,814,100 45.9 54.1 Estimated. The silver product is given at its commercial value, reckoned at the average market price of silver each year, as well as its coining value in United States dollars. PRODUCT OF GOLD AND SILVER FROM MINKS IN THE UNITED STATES, 1873-1895. < Silver Gold Commercial Coining value. value. value. 187 3 f36.000.000 $35,890,000 835,760.000 187 4 83.r;00.000 30.869,000 37,300,000 187 5 33,400,01)0 80.540,000 31,700,000 187 6 39,000.000 84,690,000 38,800,000 187 7 46,900,000 36,970,000 39,800,000 187 8 51,200,000 40,270,000 45,200,000 187 9 88,900,000 35,430,000 40,800,000 188 0 80.000.000 31,730,000 39,200.000 188 1 34.700,000 37,850,000 43,000;000 188 2 32,500,000 41,120,000 46,800,000 1883 30,000.000 3y.U00,000 40,y00.lJ00 1834 30.800,000 42,070,000 48,800.000 1885 81,800,000 42,500.000 61.600.000 1880 35,000,000 39,230,000 61.000,000 1887 83,COO,000 40,410,000 63,360,000 188 8 33,175,000 43,020,000 69,195,000 188 9 32,800,000 46.750,000 64,040,000 1800 32,845,000 67.225,000 70,465,000 189 1 83,175,(XX) 67,630,000 75,417.000 189 2 83,000,000 65,503,000 82,101,000 189 3 35,955,000 40,800,000 77,570.000 1894 39.500.000 31,422,000 64,000,000 189 5 46,610,000 30.446,000 72,051,000 Tutals...$830,660,000 $943,083,000 $1.214,751,000 BULLION VALUE OF 371>4 GRAINS OF PURF. SILVER AT THE ANNUAL AVERAGE PRICE OF SILVER EACfl YEAR FROM 1837 TO 1695, INCLUSIVE: Value. Value. 183 7 $1,009 1867 $1,027 183 8 1.008 1868 1.025 183 9 1.023 1869 1.(124 1610 1.023 1870 1.027 1811 1.018 1871 1.025 1842 1.007 1872 1.022 164 3 1.003 1873 1.004 164 4 1.008 1874 988 1845 1.004 1875 964 1646 1.005 1876 894 184 7 1.011 1877 929 184 8 1.008 1878 691 1649 1.013 1879 868 185 0 1.018 1880 886 185 1 1.034 1881 880 1802 1.030 1883 S7B 185 3 1.012 1883 858 185 4 1.013 1884 801 185 5 1.030 1885 833 185 6 1.0G0 1886 "69 1857 1.016 1887 756 185 8 1.030 1888 737 185 9 1.053 1889 ?33 186 0 1.045 1890 809 1861 1.031 1891 704 1863 l.Oil 1803 673 1863 1.040 1803 603 180-1 1.010 1894 491 1865 1.035 1895 506 I860 1.036 1896 (six mos.) 528 PREMIUM ON QOLD AND GOLD VALUS OF UNITED STATES LEGAL TENDEH NOTES K1IOM 1862 TO JAN. 1,1H79: Average curren- Average gold cy value of value of U. 8, gold each cal- notes each calendar year endur year during suspen- during suspension of specie *ion of specie payments Jan. payments Jan. 1, 1862, to Jan. 1, 1802, to Jan. 1, 1879. 1, 1879, 1862 113.8 88,3 1863. 145.2 C8.9186 4 203.3 186 5 157.3 63.6 186 6 140.9 71 186 7 138.2 72.4 186 8 139.7 71.6 186 9 133 75.2 iarn 114.0 87 1871 111.7 89.5 1872. 112.4 HO 1873 113.8 87.9 1674 111.2 80.9 187 5 114.9 87 187 6 111.5 M).8 187 7 101.8 95.4 187 8 100.8 99.2 Hunt and Byron. The bond which kept Byron and Hunt together was broken by Shelley'a death. Byron was tired of him, and Hunt had not the tact to lcavo him alone. We give Byron's version of the estrangement rather than that of tho other, for Leigh Hunt's answer for himself is a weaker apology and had better have remained unwritten: "Hunt's letter is probably tho exact pleco of vulgar coxcombry you might expect from his situation. He is a good man, with gorao poetical elements in his chaos, but spoiled by the (Jhristchurch hospital and a Sunday newspaper?to say nothing of the Surrey jail, which conceited him into a martyr. But Leigh Hunt is a good man and a good father?see his odes to all the Masters Hunt; a good husband?see his sonnot to Mrs. Hunt; a good friend? seo his epistles to different people; a great coxcomb, and a very vulgar person in everything about him. But that's not hi)? fault, but of circumstances." Again, though with no direct allusion to Hunt, ho writos: "Tho pity of these men is that they never lived in high lifo nor in solitude. Thero is no medium for tho knowledge of the j busy or tho still world. If admitted into high life for a season, it is merely as spectators?they form no part of the mechanism thereof. Now, Mooro and I, the one by circumstances and the other by blrt'a, happened to bo free of tho corporation and to havo entered into its pulses and passions. 'quaruin partes fulmus.' "?Temple Bar. Eating and Exhaustion. Never eat a full-meal when bodily exhausted. A cracker and a cup of hot tea will ho the best thing to take. The tea will give enough Htimulus and a little strength, allowing the body gradually to regain its usual vigor, and in two hours a hearty meal may be eaten without ill results. Our Xeed. Sou lb Carolina needs a newspaper which will net as scavenger and gatherer-up of tilth. The people of South Carolina need a newspaper to which they can safely look for sensational stories and charges against the lieform officers of the Stale. Whfn officials receive nothing but praise and adutatlon the fear naturally arises that they may lake the big head. If there are no sleuth-hounds to sccnt out rottenness aud corruption, the whole body politics may become tainted before we are aware of Ibe Impending danger. When public officers are allowed to go od drawing their salaries and discharging their duties thereougbl to be somebody around to take the conceit out of Ibem. Some of the newspapers ought to direct public attention to the possible wrongs and rascalities that might be perpetrated in the uiopcufittl J XI IUI9 uuijr UO ULglCClCU IUI-IC Is do possibility of restoring the barrooms to this State. Even if there is no evidence of guilt It might be well to be ou the Hate side, and tieat them as the Dutchman treated his son. He said "Coom here Shon, you suld bad words and I whip you." The boy protested his innocence vigorouuly denied uttering such words, when the old man said, "Dot may be drue, son, but you dinks tamo, and I whip you for dot.'* if the officers didn't steal anything, ills morally certain they wanted to pocket something. Even If our officers be chaste as ice and as pure as snow, they should not be allowed f to escape columny. f J Something ought to be done at once to keep a! the Reform officers from dying of the big head. Free .Silver. ^ The Press and Banner asks everybody to read the "Free Silver" speech by a man who claims to be on a parity with Bryan. . THE CITY" OF ABBEVILLE. Tbe Town Prospers and Grown?Tlie iticlory In XenriiiK Completion? A New Stores are JBcIuk Opened?All I Place* Filled Willi tlie PrettlcM and Cbenpent (looda. Abbeville is generally counted to be one ol tbe most prosperous cities lu ibe state, and what everybody says riiUMt be so, even if tbe circumstances and lacis did not pru*e It. a hundred busy hands lor mix months bave been dully putting brick and wood In tbe cot- . ion will bouse which Is tbeequalof tbe best In tbe country, and lu for lor to none. For six J months these hundred mechanics, laborers and others have been spending their ready cash at our stores. For several weeks tbe contractor, Mr. W. A. Long, has given employment lo a small army ol laboiers and .mechanics lu building cottages for the factory people, and they In like mauner have been turning their Income Into the Increased current of trade. Tbe Abbeville Cotton Mill basset Its wheels la motion, and a number of good men daily earn money In tbe manufacture of the pro duel of that establishment, iu close connection with this line of business Is tbe OH Mill ginnery and the Enterprise ginnery. Bulb Institutions have sent tnelr tans, gins, and wheels flying in ihe service of a multitude ol customers. Tbe wcekiy pay roll from the ? oil mill and glunerles all swell the stream of monev which nasties from lianil In hutul iin lis tbousands of errands la blessing mankind and Id building up the arteries of Irade. New stocks ol goods have been opened in every door thai could be had, uuill now tbere Is not a vacaul nook or corner Into which xoods might be taken. Several new sums Have betu opened. Mutable aiuong the new men are a number of Jewish merchants. It Is said tbat no Jew ever knowingly goes to a dead town, but that If be should muke a mistake In going to such a place he very soon shakes tbe dust from bis leet. e, About fifteen or twenty years ago we had uoJews In iowd. Seelug with a prophetic V eye, that a future lay In store for old Abbeville, u Jewl?h firm, with limited capital opened up business. The business prospered and tbe firm grew rich. With growing faith In the town they bought some of the best real estate, and beautified tbe structures then standing. Later an old tumble down corner tell Into their hands, and soon tbe most magnificent stores In the up-country rose ? from the ground. Still later they bought one of the finest private residence In the iasblouable part of tbe -town. They continued to T prosper In business, and having still greater faith In the town, toey became the largest stock holders In the sDlendld cotton which is dow going up. This In brief Is a nkeleb of the unvarying success which has come to . that thoroughly reliable ami public spirited firm of P. Rosenburg & Co. Others seeing tbelr success, and having luitb in ibeir own ability, ba\e recently set up In business where others have done so 8J well. It Another evidence of tbe prosperity of this te town lies In the fact that out of the city ol "t Charleston conies tbe new firm of Glenn- w Jones, hardware dealers. They are pioneers cl in this line of business in Abbeville, and P< come from a city which Is noted for the sa- st naclty of lu business men, ai d ability Is to brlDg success to their every enterprise Is re doubted by none. The Glenn-Jones company will till a long felt want, and tbe pres- m ence ot half dt zen Jewish merchants fortify us in the belief that Abbeville Is euterlng on at a new era of business prosperity, and all tbe arteries of trade will ue quickened and ener- fo gl/ed with tbe completion of her cotton mill. Ke M ABBEVILLE GRADED SCHOOL, w . I SI The Oneniutc of Abbeville'* Splendid xi High School. Mr. J. K. Knight L. I., A B., of the Peabody Normal College, and University of Nash ville, Nashville, Tennessee. Superintendent and 01 Principal for tbe year'91-'95. Air. Knight wa* _ Principal of the Preparatory Department and l* Instructor of German and Greed In the Slate Seminary West of ihe Suwannee. Kor Ihe Cl year 9.V96 he was President Protem. ?f the ' Slate Seminary. f Mr. W. B. Glb?on L. I., A. B.t of Ihe Pea- le body Normal College aud Universlly of ., Nashville, Nashville Tennesse, Assistant Principal for the school year 1S95. Mr. Gibson was Principal of the Jones Chapel District School, Jones Chapel, Ala. Prior to this he had been teaching In the Public School, MoRsey, Alabama. Mr. Colwell. of the Wlnthrop Normal U School, Rock Hill. S. C., teacher of 6th grade. For live years Mr. Colwell has taught lu the | ^ Graded School. Chester, S. C. I ,D Miss Carrie Sullivan, student for oue yeur . at the Peubody Normal College, Nashville, u Tenn , teacher of 5th Grade. j T Miss Bessie Edwards, of the Due West Ft- ' malf College, Due West.S, C , teacher 01 -ttb j Hrorlii Mies Florence Templeton, of the Due West | Female College, Due West, S. (J , teacher of i ge 3rd Grade. Ml?s Bertie Ilealan, of Centenary College, Qf Cleveland, Teun.. teacher of 2nd Grade. For the pant three years Alien ilealan has been pj teaching the 1'rlmary Grades In BogartHIgh .Seliool, rhlladelpnla.Tenn. an Miss Wlnton l'arks, of the Wluthrop Normal School, Kock Hill, S. C., teacher of 1st _ Grade. iMrs. Wallace, teacher of music. Cokesbury, S. C., Sept. 21,l.sfWi. j I desire to state that It was not the lnten-1 lion of any one here to state that Gov. Evans, had not. received a vote at Cokesbury, but that Cokesbury had not given him a vote, i We thought everybody lu the county knew that most of the voters here voted at Hodges now. In the last primary held at Cokesbury a few years ago some slxiy odd voles we; e c>ist. Il l was generally talked about here after Ihe first primary that Gov. Evans had not received a 1 vote from the town, but shortly brlore !he second primary a personal friend of the Governor's (a conservative)acknowledged that he had voted for him. So Gov. Evans got one H vote from his native town. * Wai.tku L. Mn.r.kk, Esq., of Ihe Abbe- ^ri vllle liar, was at Ninety Six last Monday, calling on friends and relatives, and possibly mixing business with pleasure. ??-TI Wm. ] Cast 1896 Fal # "Winl rHE WM. E. BELL CASH CO. ad Winter display of Dress Goods, Dress Goods These goods will be on exhibition nex Capes, W will be in in time for ihe WINTE Dress Gooc Domestic Cloaks a ntil you examine our stock. We have iojwninci * TAT1 Mimm i iui /en to a ONE CENT box of BAKII* fe guarantee this to be the equal to any Thanking you for past favors, we rem Very Respectfully, Will, HE BAPTIST ASSOCIATION. stmNliiiK Meetlnir Now io I'rojjreN* nt Abbeville. The Baptist Association has been In session nee yesterday morning, and the Interests of le church are receiving all the needed atntlon. The Baptists In this county area rong and Influential body of cbrlsllansj bo.se Influence for good Is felt and appre-' ated every where. They have made rapid rogress of late years In add'.ng numerical rengtb to their organization, and Abbeville always glad to welcome the delegates who ipresent these good people. The exercises will be continued today and ay be prolonged until tomorrow. The following delegates are Id attendance, id are the guests of our people: Abbeville?Rev. W. K. Johnson, ?T. S. Btot, W. D. Barksdale, J. S. Graves, G. C. Dunbery. I Beulah?G. VV. Collins, T. A. Tolbprt, D. J. , lller. Bradley?Rev. .IS. Jordan, W. H, Redden, | r. J. Gaines, J. M. Pounds. Buffalo?T J. Brltt.S. H. Tolbert, J. Frank ngieton, C.J. Britt. Corouaca?W. B. Compton, S. O. Smith, A. lrner. Dam mens?J. H. Burnett, P. H. Adams. ] Donuald*?F. M Stone. C. H. Dodson, L. F. , enew. \V. B Acker, A. S, Agnew, I). H. ?ldwln. ; Due West?Rev. J. A. Brown,. J. It. McGee, ( L. Haddon, H. C. Poore. , Fellowship? F. P. Rook, J. C. Hughes, E. H. latham, J. W. Marbo'. I Greenwood?Rev. E. J. Forester, J. R. Leav- < I. Jr., P.S.Dew.S. III. Benjamin, E.S. Milr. Geo. \V. Anderson. Horeb?J. H Wldeman, \V. E Cothran, G. I Cllnkscales . j Hodges?c. W. Brlssey, J. W. Buzhart, W , Martin. I Lowndesvllle?R. E. Cllnkscales, \V. E. iaw, A. M. Bonds. Jno. T. Drennan. McCormlck?R. E. Henderson, J. L. Henirson.O. Henderson. Min0i?^iT_R?B fc\ n. S (Curtis. T. L.I oore, B. P. Plnson. E. N. DeVore, J. T. Boze-1 < in. | Mt. Morlah?T. J. Grlftln, S. P. Brooks, J. I' , Moore, R. P. Pinion, Jhiiips M tiler. ; I Midway?J. B. Hampton, J. 8. Cannon, O. ' Hodge. i j VISITING MINIMTEKS. ] Rev. T. M. Halle.v, I). D., Corresponding * !<*retary State Mission Bonrd. Kev. A. J. S. Thomas, 1). 1)., Editor Baptist | uirler. i Rev. J.T. Vnss, Supl. Coney Max well Or- j ianuge. 1 Rev. R. N. Pratt Agt. for Kurman I'niver- | ty and Greenville Female College. Shoes in A AN Cheap a c. 1\ hamm ave the largest, stock of SHOES in em cheap. All the styles for LADII lying in lots. Look up your sizes ami nim 2">c to $1 per pair. Yoi c. p. : / IE^ I 3. Bell L CO. ? 1 and $Hk- I ;er 1896m INVITES YOU TO THEIR FALL*|||| Notions andiS 3 Novelties. . '| t week, auti ..... raps, etc., R SEASON. don't buy your?. Is, Notions, I s, Wraps, 1 nd Shoes 1 M ' -a Y\ 11 I hvi'miiiilv. | ?G POWDER, the best in the world. other baking powder. ain m , E. BELL CASH CO. m Evil ThoaKhtn. One of the hardest duties of the *; Christian is to guard against idle and evil thoughts. The hand and the tongue are more directly under our control than the thoughts, and, in ad- > dition, regard for the opinions of men and fear of punishment tend to restrain our words and deeds. But there is no such restraint on our thougts. They can wander at will without fear of detection or punish ment by man. But the fact that men cannot know is no reason why the Christian should give his thoughts the rein. The one whom we claim to love knows, and - He claims the service of the heart. \ He requires pure thoughts a9 well aa pure words and deeds. To allow the thoughts to dwell on vain and sinful things, is robbing (iod of that which is due. The whole sum of life is service. Service to others ami Dot to self is narrow space. I wish to speak to the Voting men who have just opened the ioor of life and to the old men who are just before the door that opens to life beyond. Life is not an existence for self. It is this service that is the exponent of a successful life. To determine what success a life may attain is to see how much a life may accomplish for the bettering of humanity. A cry of "fire" was raised at a chiliren's entertainment. Amidst confusion and terror a lad sat quietly in bi9 , place, with a smaller child in bis arms. When the danger was past, he was * ; isked "Why did you not try to escape ike the others?" and the beautiful an(wer came "I couldn't carry baby hroucrh the crowd, and I couldn't leave lim?he's my brother. "The Bible :elIs us of a Friend who both can and tfill carry us safely through danger, lever leaving us alone to face it. .bundance ! n s Dirt !? oivi> ae co. Abbeville. And belter, we are selling 5S for Winter. Reduced rates given enme and see us. Ladies' Over-eraiters jis for Bargains, HAMMON^^C^^j