The Abbeville press and banner. (Abbeville, S.C.) 1869-1924, September 23, 1896, Image 9
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The Abbeville Press and Banner. 1
BY HUGH WILSON. ABBEVILLE, S. C., WEDNESDAY, SEPTEMBER 23, 1896. ESTABLISHED 1844 .J|
CARLISLE'S
CIRCULAR.
A Pamphlet Issued For
the Public Benefit.
GOLD, SILVER AND PAPER.
Information That Everybody
Wants to Know.
FACTS FROM AN OFFICIAL SOURCE.
The Relative Production of Gold and Silver
In the Whole World For a Century.
Different Kind* of Money Issued by the I
United States?Standards In Other Countries?Amount
of Money In Circulation.
Secretary of the Treasury Carlisle recently
gave the following order to A. T.
Huntington, chief of the division of loans
and currency of the treasury:
In view of the great number of requests for
information respecting United States bon<ls,
the currency, coinage, production of the precious
metals and kindred subjects and the impracticability
of responding to each request
separately, you are hereby directed to cause a
circular of information to bo prepared, which
shall cover the Questions most frequently ask
ed. The text of the circular should state, as
briefly and clearly as possible without comment,
the historical facts. * * * Respectfully
yours, J. G. Caklisle, Secretary.
In consonance with this order a pamphlet
was prepared, and the lirst edition
was quickly exhausted. Its most valuable
parts are given herewith:
There are ten different kinds of money
in circulation in the United States?namely,
gold coin, standard silver dollars, subMONETARY
SYSTEMS AND APPROXIJ
Mc
sj
United States (a) Gold a:
United Kingdom Gold...
France Gold a'
Germany Gold..,
Belgium Gold a
Italy Gold a
Switzerland Gold ai
Spain Gold ai
Portugal Gold..,
Austria-Hungary Gold..,
Netherlands Gold a
Norway Gold..
Sweden Gold..
Denmark Gold..,
Russia Silver.
Turkey Gold a:
Australia Gold..,
Eifypt Gold..
Mexico Silver.
Central American states Silver.
South American states Silver
Japan Gold ai
India Gold a
China Silver.
Canada Gold..
Cuba Gold ai
Total
a July 1,1896; all other countries Jan. 1, ]
eentatives. d Haupt. e Except Venezuela
sldiary silver, gold certificates, silver certificates,
treasury notes issued under the
act of July 14, 1890, United States notes,
also called greenbacks and lejfal tenders, j
national bank notes and nickel and bronzo
coins. These forms of money aie all avail- !
able as circulation. While they do not all
possess the full legal tender quality, each
kind has such attributes ns to give it currency.
The status of each kind is as follows:
Gold coin is legal tender at its nominal
or face value for all debts, public and pri
vate, wncn not Deiow uie swinuaru weignc
and limit of tolerance prescribed by law,
and when below such standard and limit
of tolerance it Is legal tender in proportion
to its weight
Standard silver dollars are legal tender
at their nominal or face value in payment
of all debts, public and private, without
regard to the amount, except where otherwise
expressly stipulated in tho contract.
Subsidiary silver is legal tender for
amounts not exceeding $10 in anyone payment.
Treasury notes of the act of July 14,
1890, are legal tender for all debts, public
and private, except where otherwise expressly
stipulated in the contract.
United Stotes notes are legal tender for
all debts, public and private, except duties
on imports and interest on the public debt.
Gold certificates, silver certificates and
national bank notes are not legal tender,
but both cliisses of certificates are receivable
for all public dues, while national
bank notes aro receivable for all public
dues except duties on imports, and may
t>e paid out by the government for all salaries
and other debts and demands owing
by the United States to individuals, corporations
and associations within the
United States, except interest on the public
debt and in redemption of the national
currency. All national banks are required
by law to receive the notes of other national
banks at par.
oaimo of nW?L'ql mtw! r*r\r\ru*T
are legal tender to the extent of 25 cents.
Gold Colon.
The coinage of legal tender gold was authorized
by the first coinage act passed by
congress, April 2, 1792.
The gold unit of value is the dollar,
which contains 25.8 grains of standard
gold 900 fine. Gold is now coined in denominations
of $2.50, $5, $10 and $20,
called respectively quarter eagles, half
eagles, eagles and double eagles.
The total coinage of gold by the mints
of the United States from 1792 to Juno 30,
1896, is $1,814,(592,25:5, of which it is estimated
that $507,931,823 isstill in existence
no nnln In tlit> Unit ! Status. whiln thu
I remainder, $1,24(5,760,430, has been exported
or consumed in the flno arts. The
gold bullion now in the United States
amounts to $32,268,055. It will bo seen
that more than two-thirds of the gold coins
struck at the mints of the United States
iiave disappeared from circulation.
Silver Coius.
' The silver unit is tlio dollar, which contains
412}$ grains of standard silver 900
fine. The amount of fine silver in the dollar
is 371 % grains, and there are 41}<
grains of copper alloy. The standard silver
dollar was first authorized by the act
of April 2, 1702. Its weight was 410 graius
892.4 fine. The total amount coined from
| 1792 to 1873 was $8,031,238, and the
amount coined from 1878 to June 30, 1896,
was $480,790,041. The coinage ratio be
I
tween gold and silver under the act of
1792 was 15 to 1, but by the act of 1837 it
was changed to 15.988 to 1 (commonly
called 16 to 1). This is the present ratio.
Of the $430,790,041 standard silver dollars
coined since February, 1S78, there
was held in the treasury June 30, 1896,
$378,614,043, and the amount outside the
treasury was $52,175,998. Silver certificates
t*) the amount of $342,619,504 have
been issued against that amount of the
standard silver dollars held in the treasury.
The commercial value of an ounce of fine
silver June 30, 1896, was $0.6924, and the
commercial value of the silver in the silver
dollar on that date was 55 cents.
Paper Money.
The first paper money ever issued by tho
government of the United States was authorized
by the acts of July 17 and Aug.
? Id61. The notes issued were called''demand
notes" because they were payable
on clemanu at cerium uc.M^nuitu nm.nv...-.uries.
They were receivable for public
dues, and the secretory was authorized to
reissue them when received; but the time
within which such reissues might be made
w.is limited to Dec. 31, 18(52.
The amount authorized by theso acts
was $50,000,000. An additional issue of
$10,000,000 was authorized by the act of
I'eb. 12, 1862, and there were reissues
amounting to $30,000. The demand notes
were paid in gold when presented for redemption,
and they were received for all
public dues, and these two qualities prevented
their depreciation.
All other United States notes were depreciated
in value from 1802 until the resumption
of specie payments. The act of
Feb. 25, 1862, provided for the substitution
of United States notes in plaoc of the
demand notes, and they were therefore
canceled when received. By July 1, 1803,
all except $3,770,000 had been retired, and
nearly $3,000,000 of this small remainder
was canceled during the next fiscal voir.
These notes were not legal tender when
first issued, but they were afterward made
so by the act of March 17, 1862.
United States Notes.
The principal issue of United States paper
money was officially called United
States notes. These were the well known
"greenbacks" or "legal tenders." The
act of Feb. 25, 1862, authorized the issue
of $150,000,000, of which 850.000,000 was
rlATE STOCKS OF MONEY IN THE AOOIiE
PAL COUNTRIES OF TIIE WORLD.
Ratio between
gold
and rull legal
rnetary tender Stock of
stem. silver. Population. gold.
Qd silver 1 to 15.98 71.390.IXX) $600,100,00
38,900,(100 1)580,000,00
rid silver.....1 to 15^ 38,300,000 b850,000.00
, 51.200,000 b625,(XX),00
nd silver 1 to 15^ 6,300,(XX) b55,000,00
nd silver 1 to 15J$ 30,700,000 c98,200,00
tid silver 1 to 15V4 3.000,000 cl4,900,00
ud silver 1 to 15*6 17,500,(X)0 b40,000,00
? 5,ioo,(xx) b:?,ax),oo
43,500,(XX) bl40,0(xl.00
nd silver.....1 to 15% 4,700,000 c-IV-DO.OO
2,000,(XX) b7,500,(X)
........... 4,800,(XX) c8,000,(XX
2,300,000 cl 4,500,00
1 to 15Mj 126,000.000 b480,000,00
nil silver ... .1 to 15% 22,000,000 b50,000,00
4,700.000 bl 15,000,00
6,800,000 bl20.000.00
to i6K> 12,100,000 b.5,000,00
1 to 15U; 5,600,000 b5(X),00
(e) 1 to 15^ 36,000,(XX) b40,000,00
nd silver 1 to 16.18 41.100.000 c80.000,00
nd silver 1 to 15 296,000,'XX) ?
OOU,WU,UW
4,800,000 bl 4,000,00
ad silver 1 to 15& 1,800,000 bl8,000,00
* 84,008,800,00
1895. b Estimate, bureau of the mint, c Infori
and Chile.
In lieu of an equal amount of demand
notes and could bo issued only as the demand
notes were canceled. A second issue
of $150,000,000 was authorized by the act
of July 11, 1862, of whicn, However, fou,I
000,000 was to be u emi>ornry issue for
the redemption of ?v debt known as the
temporary loan. A third issue of $150,000,000
was authorized by the act of March
3, 1863. The total amount authorized, including
the temporary issue, was $150,000,000,
and the highest amount outstanding
at any time was $149,338,902, on Jan. 30,
18(54. There is 6till outstanding $346,681,016.
The reduction rrom tne original permanent
issue of $400,000,000 to $340,681,016
was caused as follows: The act of April 12,
1866, provided that United States notes
might be retired to tho extent of $10,000,000
during the ensuing sis months, and
that thereafter they might be retired at the
rate of not more than 14,000,000 per
month. This authority remained in force
until it was suspended by the act of Feb.
4, 18(58. The authorized amount of reduction
during this period was about $70,000,000,
but the actual reduction was only
about $44,000,000. No change was made
in the volume of United States notes out
standing until after the panic of 1873,
, when, in response to popular demand, the
government reissued $26,000,000 of the
uritnc
This brought the amount outstanding to
$382,000,000, and it so remained until the
resumption iict of Jan. 14. 1875, provided
for its reduction to $300,000,000. The process
was, however, again stopped by the
act of May 31, 1878, which required the
notes to be reissued when redeemed. At
that time the amount outstanding was
$340,081,016, which is the present amount
Gold Certificates.
The act of March 3, 1803, authorized
the secretary of the treasury to receive deposits
of gold coin and bullion in sums not
mini cviava. vu msuu wiuiuutiva
therefor in denominations not less than
$20, 'Said certificates to be receivable for
duties on imports. Under this act deposits
of gold were received and certificates issued
until Jan. 1, 1879, when the practice was
discontinued by ordor of the secrotary of
the treasury. The purposoof the order was
to prevent the holders of United States
notes from presenting them for redemption
in gold and redepositing the gold iu
exchange for gold certificates. No certificates
were issued after Jan. 1, 1879, until
, the passage of the bank act of July 12,
i 1882, which authorized and directed the
j secretary of the treasury to receive gold
' coin and bullion and issue certificates.
Silver Certificates.
The net of Feb. 28, 1878, authorizing the
issue of the standard silver dollar, provid!
ed that any holder of such dollars might
deposit them in sums not less than $10
with the treasurer or any assistant treasurer
of the United States and receive certificates
therefor in denominations not less
than $10, said certificates to 1x5 receivable
for customs, taxes and all public dues.
The act of Aug. 4, 1880, authorized tho is
sue or the smaller denominations ot f l,
and S5. Silver certificates have practically
taken the place in circulation of the standard
silver dollars which they represent
The amount outside the treasury July 1,
1896, was $331,259,509, while the amount
of standard silver dollars outside the treasury
waa only $52,175,998. Neither silver
???ft in ?i?Pi rtii?n?
I
certificates nor silver dollars are redeemed
in gold.
Treasury Notes, Act of Jnly 14, 1890.
These notes were authorized by the net of
July 14, 1890, commonly called the "Sher[
man act." The secreruiy of the treasury
was directed to purchase each month
4,500,000 ounces of fine silver at the market
price, and to pay for the same with
treasury notes redeemable on demand in
coin and legal tender for nil debts, public
and private, except where otherwise expressly
stipulated in the contract It was
provided in the act that when the notes
should be redeemed or received for dues
they might be rcissuea, dul ums hu ktovwji
or less umount of such notes should be
"outstanding at any time than the cost of
the silver bullion and the standard silver
dollars coined therefrom, then held in the
treasury, purchased by such notes."
The authority for the purchase of silver
bullion under this act-^as repealed by the
act of Nov. 1, 1893, u?P to which date the
government had purchased 168,074,082.53
fine ounces at a cost of $155,031,002, for
i which treasury notes were issued. The
I amount of silver bullion purchased under
said act and now held in the treasury is
i 131,838,199.46 fine ounces, which cost
$118,903,909.23.
Redemption.
i Gold coins and standard silver dollars
being standard coins of the United States
are not "redeemable."
CiiVvciiHumr r>r\iiia nnd minor coins mav
^ ?
bo presented in suras or multiples of $20
to the treasurer of the United States or to
an assistant treasurer for redemption or
exchange into lawful money.
United States notes are redeemable in
"coin," in sums not less than $50, by the
! assistant treasurers in New York and San
; Francisco.
Treasury notes of 1890 are redeemable in
; "coin," in sums not lens than $50, by the
treasurer and all assistant treasurers of
the United States.
National bunk notes are redeemable in
lawful money of the United States by the
i treasurer, but not by the assistant treasur|
era They are also redeemable at the bank
of issue. In order to provide for the redemption
of its notes when presented, every
national bank is required by law to
keep on deposit with the treasurer a sura
1 A/.no1 frt n nnr /?nnf. nf if.Q r?<rrn1jLt.ioTl
GATE AND PER CAPITA IN THE PRINCIPer
capita of
Stock of Paper circulation,
silver. currency. GoM. Silver.
0 $025,(XX),000 $383,300,000 $8 41 $8 77
0 115,000,000 c 113,400,000 14 91 2 ffl
o 4*7.000,000 cns.100,000 22 in 12 04
0 215.000.000 cCO,4flO.OOO 12 21 4 20
0 54.900.000 cC5,400,000 8 73 8 71
1) 41,400,000 cl91.800,000 3 20 1 35
0 15,000,000 4 97 6 00
I) 106,1X10,000 c83.700.000 2 28 9 49
9 24,800,000 c55,100,000 7 45 4 88
8 120,000,000 c204.3t)0.(i00 3 22 2 76
0 56,200,000 c28,H00.(Jtl0 6 21 11 90
0 2,01X1,000 c3,8(0.000 3 75 1 00
) 4,800,000 e2.100,000 1 US 1 00
0 5,400,(XX) c5,4?.0,000 6 30 2 35
n au mm f.VJQ (if?i ik'?l 3 SO 33
0 40,000,000 2 27 1 82
0 7,000,000 24 47 1 49
0 15,000,(100 17 05 2 20
0 55,000,000 b2.000,000 41 4 54
0 12,000,000 c8.000.000 9 2 14
9 30.000,000 IxidO,OOO.UIO 1 11 83
0 84,300,000 1 95 2 05
950,000,000 1)37,0 ;0,O00 3 21
750.000,000 2 08
0 5.000.000 L29,000,04)0 2 92 1 04
0 1,500.000 10 00 83
0 $4,070,500,000 $2.4:30.500,000
rnation furnished through United States repreGolil
certificates, being receipts for gold
coin, are redeemable in such coin by the
treasurer and all assistant treasurers of the
United States.
Silver certificates are receipts for standard
silver dollars deposited, and aro redeemable
in such dollars only.
"Cblu" obligations of the government
lire reueomeu in g;>iu cum wiguiu 1B ue"
manded and in silver when silver is demanded.
Coinage of the United Stated.
Among the tables given the following
are the most important:
COINAGE EXECUTED AT THE MINTS OF THE
J UNITED STATES DUHING THE BIX MONTHS
ENDED JUNE 30, 1890.
Pieces. Value.
| Double eagles 1,001,320 $21,820,400 00
Eagles 20,278 202,780 00
i Half eagles 83,930 419,080 00
Quarter eagles 5,885 14,712 50
'Total gold 1,207,419 $22,523,572 60
: Dollars 7,500,412 $7,500,412 00
Half dollars 1,099,315 549,657 50
Quarter dollars 2,950,412 737,G03 00
Dimes 090,412 69,mi 20
Total silver 12,240,551 $8,856,713 70
a ?<m ? > ?) Kin fin
One cent bronze 22,057,573 236,575 73
Total minor 27,447,784 $480,080 31
Total coinage 40,805,754 $31,840,372 52
COI.NAOE or QOI.D AND SII.VKIt BY THE MINTS
OF THE UNITED STATES. 1873-1835.
Silver coinGold
value, inc value.
187 3 ?57,022,748 $4,024,748
187 4 35.254.0H0 0.851,777
187 5 32,051.940 15,at7,893
1870 40,570,453 24,503,308
187 7 43,009.804 28,393,046
187 8 49,780,053 28,518,850
1870 30,080,0S0 27,809,770
188 0 02,308,270 27.411,094
188 1 90,850,890 27,940,104
188 2 05.8S7.085 27,973.133
188 3 ... 29,241,990 29,240,908
188 4 23,001,750 28,534,800
188.'. 27,773,013 28.902,170
1880 28,045,543 32,080,709
1887., 23,072,383 85,101,081
188 8 31,380,808 33,025,000
188 9 21,413,931 35.490,083
1890. 20,407,182 30,202,908
1801 29,202,005 27,518,857
189 2 34,787,223 12,041,078
189 3 50.W7.020 8.802,797
189 4 79,540.100 9,200,351
1805 50,010,358 5,098,010
Total ...$997,070,091 $544,142,477
r-niHAnv nv nr.. i. ivn uii v'wk nv the mists
OK THK WUOLK WOULD KOH THE YEAlUt 1873.
1894.
Silver coinGold
value. ing value.
187 3 $257,030,802 $131,544,404
187 4 135,778,387 102,931,233
] 1875 195,087,428 119,915.487
i 1870 213,119,278 120,577,164
1877 201,010,400 114,359,332
; I 1878 188.38(1,011 101,191,913
, I 1879 90,752,811 104,888,313
188 0 149.725,081 84,611,974
188 1 147,015,-75 108.010,086
188 2 99,097,170 110,785,984
1 1883 MM,>145,114 109 <**,705
i 1884 99,432,795 95,832,084
1XH5 H5.7S7.582 120.704.574
I 1880 04,04-',OTU 124,8%i, 101
, l&ST 121,002,405 103,411,307
1888 134,838,855 134,033,344
1880 108,001,510 130,303,505
1600 140,344,005 153,303,144
180 1 110,534,133 138,204.307
180 2 172,473,124 155,517,317
1803 232.420,517 137,052,000
1804 227,021,032 113,005,788
Total $3,404,703,409 $2,750,423,015
! PRODUCTION OF GOLD AND SILVER IN THB
WOULD SINCE THE DISCOVERY OF AMERICA.
[Kroiu 1403 to 1885 is from a table of averages
for certain periods compiled by Dr. Adolph
Soetbeer. For the years 188(1 to 1895 the production
is the annual estimate of the bureau
of the mint.]
/ Value ? Percentage.
Gold. Silver. Gold.Silver.
1493-1C20.... *107,031,000 *54,703,000 06.4 33.0
1521-15+4.... 114,205,000 80.080.000 55.0 44.1
1545-1500.... 90,482,000 207,240,000 30.4 09.0
1501-1580.... 90,917,000 248,000,^)0 20.7 73.3
iroi irnvi no nrir. rwwi oju nr.t tu*\ oo ru
JJOI-iUW. ... IV
10(11-1(120.... 113,248,1X10 351,570,000 21.4 75.0
1621-1640.... 110,324,000 327,221,000 25.2 74.8
1641-1060.... 116,571.000 301,525,000 27.7 72.3
1CG1-1680 123,084,000 280,160,000 80.5 00.5
1681-1700,... 143,088,000 284,240,000 ;3.5 00.5
17C1-1720.... 170,403,000 295,6:.9,000 30.6 03.4
1721-1740.... 253,611,000 358.480,000 41.4 58.0
1741-1760.... 327,110,000 443,232,000 42.5 57.6
1701-1780.... 275,211,000 542,058,000 33.7 00.3
1781-1800.... 230.464,000 730,8)0,000 24.4 75.6
1601-1810.... 118,152,000 371,0iVXX) W.l 75.9
1811-1820.... 70,063,000 2^,786,000 25.3 74.7
1821-1830.... 04,479,000 101,444,000 33 07
1831-1840.... 134.841,000 247,930,000 35.2 04.8
1841-1850.... 363,928,000 324,400.000 52.9 47.1
1851-1855.... 002,500.000 184,169,000 78.3 21.7
1850-1860.... 670,415,000 188,092,000 78.1 21.9
1861-1805.... 014,944,000 228,861,000 72.9 27.1
1800-1870.... 648,071,000 278,313,000 70 30
1871-1875.... 577,883.000 409,322,000 1(8.5 41.5
r.Tomnimn r/io >-/! IMYI KI 47
1881-1886.... 405,582,000 594,773.000 45.5 54.5
1880 100,103.900 120,020.800 40.8 53.2
1887 105,774,900 124,281,000 45.9 54.1
1688 110,190,900 140,708,4*10 43.9 50.1
188 9 123,489,200 155,427,700 44.3 55.7
189 0 118,848,700 103,0.32,000 42.1 57.9
189 1 130.050,000 177,352,300 42.4 57.0
189 2 14C.815.100 198.014,400 42.5 67.5
189 3 157,287,600 214,745,300 42.4 57.8
189 4 180,028,100 210,892,200 45.0 54.4
1895* 203,000,000 220,000,000 47.3 52.7
Total 18,783,467,400110,357,814,100 45.9 54.1
Estimated.
The silver product is given at its commercial
value, reckoned at the average market
price of silver each year, as well as its coining
value in United States dollars.
PRODUCT OF GOLD AND SILVER FROM MINKS IN
THE UNITED STATES, 1873-1895.
< Silver
Gold Commercial Coining
value. value. value.
187 3 f36.000.000 $35,890,000 835,760.000
187 4 83.r;00.000 30.869,000 37,300,000
187 5 33,400,01)0 80.540,000 31,700,000
187 6 39,000.000 84,690,000 38,800,000
187 7 46,900,000 36,970,000 39,800,000
187 8 51,200,000 40,270,000 45,200,000
187 9 88,900,000 35,430,000 40,800,000
188 0 80.000.000 31,730,000 39,200.000
188 1 34.700,000 37,850,000 43,000;000
188 2 32,500,000 41,120,000 46,800,000
1883 30,000.000 3y.U00,000 40,y00.lJ00
1834 30.800,000 42,070,000 48,800.000
1885 81,800,000 42,500.000 61.600.000
1880 35,000,000 39,230,000 61.000,000
1887 83,COO,000 40,410,000 63,360,000
188 8 33,175,000 43,020,000 69,195,000
188 9 32,800,000 46.750,000 64,040,000
1800 32,845,000 67.225,000 70,465,000
189 1 83,175,(XX) 67,630,000 75,417.000
189 2 83,000,000 65,503,000 82,101,000
189 3 35,955,000 40,800,000 77,570.000
1894 39.500.000 31,422,000 64,000,000
189 5 46,610,000 30.446,000 72,051,000
Tutals...$830,660,000 $943,083,000 $1.214,751,000
BULLION VALUE OF 371>4 GRAINS OF PURF. SILVER
AT THE ANNUAL AVERAGE PRICE OF
SILVER EACfl YEAR FROM 1837 TO 1695, INCLUSIVE:
Value. Value.
183 7 $1,009 1867 $1,027
183 8 1.008 1868 1.025
183 9 1.023 1869 1.(124
1610 1.023 1870 1.027
1811 1.018 1871 1.025
1842 1.007 1872 1.022
164 3 1.003 1873 1.004
164 4 1.008 1874 988
1845 1.004 1875 964
1646 1.005 1876 894
184 7 1.011 1877 929
184 8 1.008 1878 691
1649 1.013 1879 868
185 0 1.018 1880 886
185 1 1.034 1881 880
1802 1.030 1883 S7B
185 3 1.012 1883 858
185 4 1.013 1884 801
185 5 1.030 1885 833
185 6 1.0G0 1886 "69
1857 1.016 1887 756
185 8 1.030 1888 737
185 9 1.053 1889 ?33
186 0 1.045 1890 809
1861 1.031 1891 704
1863 l.Oil 1803 673
1863 1.040 1803 603
180-1 1.010 1894 491
1865 1.035 1895 506
I860 1.036 1896 (six mos.) 528
PREMIUM ON QOLD AND GOLD VALUS OF UNITED
STATES LEGAL TENDEH NOTES K1IOM 1862 TO
JAN. 1,1H79:
Average curren- Average gold
cy value of value of U. 8,
gold each cal- notes each calendar
year endur year
during suspen- during suspension
of specie *ion of specie
payments Jan. payments Jan.
1, 1862, to Jan. 1, 1802, to Jan.
1, 1879. 1, 1879,
1862 113.8 88,3
1863. 145.2 C8.9186
4 203.3
186 5 157.3 63.6
186 6 140.9 71
186 7 138.2 72.4
186 8 139.7 71.6
186 9 133 75.2
iarn 114.0 87
1871 111.7 89.5
1872. 112.4 HO
1873 113.8 87.9
1674 111.2 80.9
187 5 114.9 87
187 6 111.5 M).8
187 7 101.8 95.4
187 8 100.8 99.2
Hunt and Byron.
The bond which kept Byron and Hunt
together was broken by Shelley'a death.
Byron was tired of him, and Hunt had not
the tact to lcavo him alone. We give
Byron's version of the estrangement rather
than that of tho other, for Leigh Hunt's
answer for himself is a weaker apology
and had better have remained unwritten:
"Hunt's letter is probably tho exact
pleco of vulgar coxcombry you might expect
from his situation. He is a good man,
with gorao poetical elements in his chaos,
but spoiled by the (Jhristchurch hospital
and a Sunday newspaper?to say nothing
of the Surrey jail, which conceited him into
a martyr. But Leigh Hunt is a good
man and a good father?see his odes to all
the Masters Hunt; a good husband?see
his sonnot to Mrs. Hunt; a good friend?
seo his epistles to different people; a great
coxcomb, and a very vulgar person in everything
about him. But that's not hi)?
fault, but of circumstances."
Again, though with no direct allusion
to Hunt, ho writos:
"Tho pity of these men is that they never
lived in high lifo nor in solitude. Thero
is no medium for tho knowledge of the
j busy or tho still world. If admitted into
high life for a season, it is merely as spectators?they
form no part of the mechanism
thereof. Now, Mooro and I, the one
by circumstances and the other by blrt'a,
happened to bo free of tho corporation and
to havo entered into its pulses and passions.
'quaruin partes fulmus.' "?Temple
Bar.
Eating and Exhaustion.
Never eat a full-meal when bodily exhausted.
A cracker and a cup of hot tea
will ho the best thing to take. The tea
will give enough Htimulus and a little
strength, allowing the body gradually to
regain its usual vigor, and in two hours a
hearty meal may be eaten without ill results.
Our Xeed.
Sou lb Carolina needs a newspaper which
will net as scavenger and gatherer-up of tilth.
The people of South Carolina need a newspaper
to which they can safely look for sensational
stories and charges against the lieform
officers of the Stale.
Whfn officials receive nothing but praise
and adutatlon the fear naturally arises that
they may lake the big head.
If there are no sleuth-hounds to sccnt out
rottenness aud corruption, the whole body
politics may become tainted before we are
aware of Ibe Impending danger.
When public officers are allowed to go od
drawing their salaries and discharging their
duties thereougbl to be somebody around to
take the conceit out of Ibem.
Some of the newspapers ought to direct
public attention to the possible wrongs and
rascalities that might be perpetrated in the
uiopcufittl J XI IUI9 uuijr UO ULglCClCU IUI-IC
Is do possibility of restoring the barrooms to
this State.
Even if there is no evidence of guilt It
might be well to be ou the Hate side, and tieat
them as the Dutchman treated his son. He
said "Coom here Shon, you suld bad words
and I whip you." The boy protested his
innocence vigorouuly denied uttering such
words, when the old man said, "Dot may be
drue, son, but you dinks tamo, and I whip
you for dot.'* if the officers didn't steal anything,
ills morally certain they wanted to
pocket something.
Even If our officers be chaste as ice and
as pure as snow, they should not be allowed f
to escape columny. f J
Something ought to be done at once to keep a!
the Reform officers from dying of the big
head.
Free .Silver. ^
The Press and Banner asks everybody to
read the "Free Silver" speech by a man who
claims to be on a parity with Bryan.
. THE CITY" OF ABBEVILLE.
Tbe
Town Prospers and Grown?Tlie
iticlory In XenriiiK Completion? A
New Stores are JBcIuk Opened?All I
Place* Filled Willi tlie PrettlcM
and Cbenpent (looda.
Abbeville is generally counted to be one ol
tbe most prosperous cities lu ibe state, and
what everybody says riiUMt be so, even if tbe
circumstances and lacis did not pru*e It.
a hundred busy hands lor mix months bave
been dully putting brick and wood In tbe cot- .
ion will bouse which Is tbeequalof tbe best In
tbe country, and lu for lor to none. For six J
months these hundred mechanics, laborers
and others have been spending their ready
cash at our stores.
For several weeks tbe contractor, Mr. W. A.
Long, has given employment lo a small army
ol laboiers and .mechanics lu building
cottages for the factory people, and they In
like mauner have been turning their Income
Into the Increased current of trade.
Tbe Abbeville Cotton Mill basset Its wheels
la motion, and a number of good men daily
earn money In tbe manufacture of the pro
duel of that establishment, iu close connection
with this line of business Is tbe OH Mill
ginnery and the Enterprise ginnery. Bulb
Institutions have sent tnelr tans, gins, and
wheels flying in ihe service of a multitude ol
customers. Tbe wcekiy pay roll from the ?
oil mill and glunerles all swell the stream of
monev which nasties from lianil In hutul iin
lis tbousands of errands la blessing mankind
and Id building up the arteries of Irade.
New stocks ol goods have been opened in
every door thai could be had, uuill now tbere
Is not a vacaul nook or corner Into which
xoods might be taken. Several new sums
Have betu opened.
Mutable aiuong the new men are a number
of Jewish merchants. It Is said tbat no Jew
ever knowingly goes to a dead town, but that
If be should muke a mistake In going to such
a place he very soon shakes tbe dust from bis
leet. e,
About fifteen or twenty years ago we had
uoJews In iowd. Seelug with a prophetic V
eye, that a future lay In store for old Abbeville,
u Jewl?h firm, with limited capital
opened up business. The business prospered
and tbe firm grew rich. With growing faith
In the town they bought some of the best real
estate, and beautified tbe structures then
standing. Later an old tumble down corner
tell Into their hands, and soon tbe most
magnificent stores In the up-country rose ?
from the ground. Still later they bought one
of the finest private residence In the iasblouable
part of tbe -town. They continued to T
prosper In business, and having still greater
faith In the town, toey became the largest
stock holders In the sDlendld cotton which is
dow going up. This In brief Is a nkeleb of
the unvarying success which has come to .
that thoroughly reliable ami public spirited
firm of P. Rosenburg & Co.
Others seeing tbelr success, and having
luitb in ibeir own ability, ba\e recently set
up In business where others have done so 8J
well. It
Another evidence of tbe prosperity of this te
town lies In the fact that out of the city ol "t
Charleston conies tbe new firm of Glenn- w
Jones, hardware dealers. They are pioneers cl
in this line of business in Abbeville, and P<
come from a city which Is noted for the sa- st
naclty of lu business men, ai d ability Is
to brlDg success to their every enterprise Is re
doubted by none. The Glenn-Jones company
will till a long felt want, and tbe pres- m
ence ot half dt zen Jewish merchants fortify
us in the belief that Abbeville Is euterlng on at
a new era of business prosperity, and all tbe
arteries of trade will ue quickened and ener- fo
gl/ed with tbe completion of her cotton mill. Ke
M
ABBEVILLE GRADED SCHOOL, w
. I SI
The Oneniutc of Abbeville'* Splendid xi
High School.
Mr. J. K. Knight L. I., A B., of the Peabody
Normal College, and University of Nash ville,
Nashville, Tennessee. Superintendent and 01
Principal for tbe year'91-'95. Air. Knight wa* _
Principal of the Preparatory Department and l*
Instructor of German and Greed In the Slate
Seminary West of ihe Suwannee. Kor Ihe Cl
year 9.V96 he was President Protem. ?f the '
Slate Seminary. f
Mr. W. B. Glb?on L. I., A. B.t of Ihe Pea- le
body Normal College aud Universlly of .,
Nashville, Nashville Tennesse, Assistant
Principal for the school year 1S95. Mr. Gibson
was Principal of the Jones Chapel District
School, Jones Chapel, Ala. Prior to this he
had been teaching In the Public School,
MoRsey, Alabama.
Mr. Colwell. of the Wlnthrop Normal U
School, Rock Hill. S. C., teacher of 6th grade.
For live years Mr. Colwell has taught lu the | ^
Graded School. Chester, S. C. I ,D
Miss Carrie Sullivan, student for oue yeur .
at the Peubody Normal College, Nashville, u
Tenn , teacher of 5th Grade. j T
Miss Bessie Edwards, of the Due West Ft- '
malf College, Due West.S, C , teacher 01 -ttb j
Hrorlii
Mies Florence Templeton, of the Due West |
Female College, Due West, S. (J , teacher of i ge
3rd Grade.
Ml?s Bertie Ilealan, of Centenary College, Qf
Cleveland, Teun.. teacher of 2nd Grade. For
the pant three years Alien ilealan has been pj
teaching the 1'rlmary Grades In BogartHIgh
.Seliool, rhlladelpnla.Tenn. an
Miss Wlnton l'arks, of the Wluthrop Normal
School, Kock Hill, S. C., teacher of 1st _
Grade.
iMrs. Wallace, teacher of music.
Cokesbury, S. C., Sept. 21,l.sfWi. j
I desire to state that It was not the lnten-1
lion of any one here to state that Gov. Evans,
had not. received a vote at Cokesbury, but
that Cokesbury had not given him a vote, i
We thought everybody lu the county knew
that most of the voters here voted at Hodges
now.
In the last primary held at Cokesbury a few
years ago some slxiy odd voles we; e c>ist. Il l
was generally talked about here after Ihe first
primary that Gov. Evans had not received a 1
vote from the town, but shortly brlore !he
second primary a personal friend of the Governor's
(a conservative)acknowledged that he
had voted for him. So Gov. Evans got one H
vote from his native town. *
Wai.tku L. Mn.r.kk, Esq., of Ihe Abbe- ^ri
vllle liar, was at Ninety Six last Monday,
calling on friends and relatives, and possibly
mixing business with pleasure.
??-TI
Wm. ]
Cast
1896 Fal
# "Winl
rHE WM. E. BELL CASH CO.
ad Winter display of
Dress Goods,
Dress Goods
These goods will be on exhibition nex
Capes, W
will be in in time for ihe WINTE
Dress Gooc
Domestic
Cloaks a
ntil you examine our stock. We have
iojwninci * TAT1
Mimm i iui
/en to a ONE CENT box of BAKII*
fe guarantee this to be the equal to any
Thanking you for past favors, we rem
Very Respectfully,
Will,
HE BAPTIST ASSOCIATION.
stmNliiiK Meetlnir Now io I'rojjreN*
nt Abbeville.
The Baptist Association has been In session
nee yesterday morning, and the Interests of
le church are receiving all the needed atntlon.
The Baptists In this county area
rong and Influential body of cbrlsllansj
bo.se Influence for good Is felt and appre-'
ated every where. They have made rapid
rogress of late years In add'.ng numerical
rengtb to their organization, and Abbeville
always glad to welcome the delegates who
ipresent these good people.
The exercises will be continued today and
ay be prolonged until tomorrow.
The following delegates are Id attendance,
id are the guests of our people:
Abbeville?Rev. W. K. Johnson, ?T. S. Btot,
W. D. Barksdale, J. S. Graves, G. C. Dunbery.
I
Beulah?G. VV. Collins, T. A. Tolbprt, D. J. ,
lller.
Bradley?Rev. .IS. Jordan, W. H, Redden, |
r. J. Gaines, J. M. Pounds.
Buffalo?T J. Brltt.S. H. Tolbert, J. Frank
ngieton, C.J. Britt.
Corouaca?W. B. Compton, S. O. Smith, A.
lrner.
Dam mens?J. H. Burnett, P. H. Adams. ]
Donuald*?F. M Stone. C. H. Dodson, L. F. ,
enew. \V. B Acker, A. S, Agnew, I). H.
?ldwln. ;
Due West?Rev. J. A. Brown,. J. It. McGee, (
L. Haddon, H. C. Poore. ,
Fellowship? F. P. Rook, J. C. Hughes, E. H.
latham, J. W. Marbo'. I
Greenwood?Rev. E. J. Forester, J. R. Leav- <
I. Jr., P.S.Dew.S. III. Benjamin, E.S. Milr.
Geo. \V. Anderson.
Horeb?J. H Wldeman, \V. E Cothran, G. I
Cllnkscales . j
Hodges?c. W. Brlssey, J. W. Buzhart, W ,
Martin. I
Lowndesvllle?R. E. Cllnkscales, \V. E.
iaw, A. M. Bonds. Jno. T. Drennan.
McCormlck?R. E. Henderson, J. L. Henirson.O.
Henderson.
Min0i?^iT_R?B fc\ n. S (Curtis. T. L.I
oore, B. P. Plnson. E. N. DeVore, J. T. Boze-1 <
in. |
Mt. Morlah?T. J. Grlftln, S. P. Brooks, J. I'
, Moore, R. P. Pinion, Jhiiips M tiler. ; I
Midway?J. B. Hampton, J. 8. Cannon, O. '
Hodge. i j
VISITING MINIMTEKS. ]
Rev. T. M. Halle.v, I). D., Corresponding *
!<*retary State Mission Bonrd.
Kev. A. J. S. Thomas, 1). 1)., Editor Baptist |
uirler. i
Rev. J.T. Vnss, Supl. Coney Max well Or- j
ianuge. 1
Rev. R. N. Pratt Agt. for Kurman I'niver- |
ty and Greenville Female College.
Shoes in A
AN
Cheap a
c. 1\ hamm
ave the largest, stock of SHOES in
em cheap. All the styles for LADII
lying in lots. Look up your sizes ami
nim 2">c to $1 per pair. Yoi
c. p. :
/
IE^ I
3. Bell
L CO. ?
1 and $Hk- I
;er 1896m
INVITES YOU TO THEIR FALL*||||
Notions andiS
3 Novelties. . '|
t week, auti .....
raps, etc.,
R SEASON. don't buy your?.
Is, Notions, I
s, Wraps, 1
nd Shoes 1
M
' -a
Y\ 11
I hvi'miiiilv. |
?G POWDER, the best in the world.
other baking powder.
ain
m
, E. BELL CASH CO.
m
Evil ThoaKhtn.
One of the hardest duties of the *;
Christian is to guard against idle and
evil thoughts. The hand and the
tongue are more directly under our
control than the thoughts, and, in ad- >
dition, regard for the opinions of men
and fear of punishment tend to restrain
our words and deeds. But
there is no such restraint on our
thougts. They can wander at will
without fear of detection or punish
ment by man.
But the fact that men cannot know
is no reason why the Christian should
give his thoughts the rein. The one
whom we claim to love knows, and -
He claims the service of the heart. \
He requires pure thoughts a9 well aa
pure words and deeds. To allow the
thoughts to dwell on vain and sinful
things, is robbing (iod of that which
is due.
The whole sum of life is service.
Service to others ami Dot to self is narrow
space. I wish to speak to the
Voting men who have just opened the
ioor of life and to the old men who
are just before the door that opens to
life beyond. Life is not an existence
for self. It is this service that is the
exponent of a successful life. To determine
what success a life may attain
is to see how much a life may accomplish
for the bettering of humanity.
A cry of "fire" was raised at a chiliren's
entertainment. Amidst confusion
and terror a lad sat quietly in bi9 ,
place, with a smaller child in bis arms.
When the danger was past, he was * ;
isked "Why did you not try to escape
ike the others?" and the beautiful an(wer
came "I couldn't carry baby
hroucrh the crowd, and I couldn't leave
lim?he's my brother. "The Bible
:elIs us of a Friend who both can and
tfill carry us safely through danger,
lever leaving us alone to face it.
.bundance !
n
s Dirt !?
oivi> ae co.
Abbeville. And belter, we are selling
5S for Winter. Reduced rates given
enme and see us. Ladies' Over-eraiters
jis for Bargains,
HAMMON^^C^^j