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Jl'i.. ! II I'lULjmuai' nw im mil' I n hji ?I hiimii i mi i i I ?- ! mi 1 n?n i I iw*wwwmbhmp_ >. "**> 1 ?i m l ,mi ibhih mmiwiii ! n.i???-n nwuiiiiiiK'i . 6 r ;k- ' ji-: . ir7 " TO THINE OWN BKLF BE TKUK, AND IT WU8T FOLLOW, Afl THE NIOHT THE DAY, TIIOU CAN'JIT NOT THEN HE FAL8K TO ANY MAN." VOL.2. PICKENS COURT HOUSE, S. C., FRIDAY, AUGUST 23, 1*30. NO M THE ) ( IKEOtVETO COURIER, fltXTKD AMD PL'Bl.lBHirii W?CKL? IT ^ TRIMMIEH ?fc LEWIS. d * VV. IC. Easley, Ed'for. TKKiflS. I One Dollar nnil iPifty Cents for one year'* sup tl scription when paiil within tHree months, Two t< dollnr* if otwuent ia delayed to the close of the ll flu'or.cription year. y All subscriptions not clearly limit id, will be s considered as mu le Tor an indefinite time, and '< continued till a discontinuance is ordered and p All arrearages pai.l. a Xrfvfrh'wmMtiInserted at 75 ccnts per square ^ for tl*o first insertion, and 37 1-2 cts. for each v continued '. .sertion. Liberal deductions made s to those advertising by the year. js vtr All Communications should he addressed I to the Publishers post paid p @ lTTFa e^ToT. r " * Executive Department, <1 Austin, Texas, June 14, 1850. s. Sir : By authority of the Leglsla- j' turc of Texas, Ihe Executive of ihe ^ State, in February last, dispatched a ^ spec5 \1 commissioner with full power (| and n structions to extend the civil j jurisdiction of this State over the fj unorganized counties of El^ Paso, p AVorth, Presidio, and Santa I'X situ- v ated upon its north-western l.'.nits (1 That commissioner has rc ported _ to me, in an official form, t iat the Jj miliary officers employed in ,he ser of the United Stales, stationed at () Santa Fe%iinterposed adversely with j( the inhabitants to the fulfilment of his object, by employing their in fluenno in favor of the establishment of o a senerate Stat Government cast oi the Rio Grande, and willmi the right- , fu! limits of the State of Texas. 1 R tiansm't to you herewith the prorlamation of Col. John Monroe, acting } under the orders of the Government of the United States, under the de-> jsignation of Civil and Military Gov- t crn the Territory of Now Mexico. I have very respectfully to request P. , II *11 ' 1 unn yum* n.xr?iienry win cause me to bo informed, at your earliest pos- ^ sihle convenience, whether or not t' s j officer has acted in this matter un< the orders of his Government, an< i c whether his proclamation meets with I ( the approbation oi the President of the United States? I With assurances of distinguished n consideration, I have the honor to be* j your Excellency's most ob't. servant, f P. II. BELL. I To His Excellency Z. TavKoh, v President of the United Slates, j department ok state, ^ IVaaliinRtovy August 5, 1850 ? Sin.: A letter addressed hy vou to ^ the late President of the United {l States-, and dated on the 14th of June r last, has, since his lamented decease, j been transfo'ed to the hands of his . successor, by whom 1 am directed J, to transmit to you the following an- j, swer: c In that letter you say that, bv the e authority of the Legislature of Tex- r as, the Executive of that State, in . February last, dispatched a special I commissioner, with full power and j instructions to extend the civil juris- J diction of that State over the unor- j pani/ed counties of El Paso, Worth, r Presidio, and Santa Fe, situated upon . its north western limits; and that the - commissioned 1ms reported to you, in an official form, that the military of- / ficera employed in the servire of the t United States, stationed at Santa Fe, ( iatcrj osed adversely with the inhab- j itants to the fulfilment of his object, j by employing their influence in favor ( of the establishment of a separate j State Government cast of the Rio ' Grande, and within ihe rightful liirft ( its of tho State of Texas. You also ( transmit a copy of the proclamation t of Cob John Monroe, acting under r the orders of Ihe Government of the t United States, under the designation f of Civil and Military Governor of ( the Territory of New Mexico, rps- ^ pact fully request tho President to y cause you to be informed whether 01 nut this officer has acted in tlvs mat- . tcr lind^r (lie orders of his Govern- v ment, and whether his proclamation ( meets vvilh the approval of the Pres id~p*nf the United States? In the even h tyvc occurred, j I hardly know whclner your Excel- ( lency would naturally expect an an- \ swer to this letter from him. His x predecessor in office to w.Vom it was r addressed, and undritr 'whose authority and direction the proclamation of ( Cor. Monroe was issued, is no more; and> at this time, that proclamation, 1 whatever maty b6 regarded as its -{ true character, has ceased- to have influence or efleet. The meeting of j the people of New JMexico:|>y their spresentatiyes* which it invited, is uderstood to liave taken placc, allough this Goverittnet has as yet reeived no official information o* it. Partaking* however, in the fullest egrcc, in that high respect which iie Executive Government of the Jnited States always entertains towards the Governors and the Govvnments of the States, the Presient thinks it his duty, nevertheless, 3 manifest that feeling of respect, y acknowledging and answering our letter. An this duty, let me asure your Excellency, has-been so >ng delayed only by uncontrollable ircumfctanc.es, and is now perfcrm d t the earliest practicable moments, nd their acceptance of office, with /hom it is usual, on important occaions, for the Preside! t of the United Hates to advise. In answer, therefore, to your first itcrrogatory, vi",: whether Colonel Monroe, in issuincr the nroclamation eforred to, acted under the orders of liir; (Government, 1 have the honor to 'ate that Col. Monroe's proclamaon appears to have been i'.sued in ursuance, or in consequence, of an rder, or letter of instruction, given V the late Secretarv of War. under he authority of the late President, to iieut. Colonel McCall. Of this orer, which bears date on the 19th of Coveinher, 184'J, your Exceilcncy /as undoubtedly informed at the ate of your letter. A full and acurate copy, however, is attached to his communication. Col. McCall : (lifum itifilrnnlml tliot if il.n - wiuiu me jjcupir; f Now Mexico, for whom Congress ad provided no Government, should innifest a wish lo tal'e any steps to stablish a Government for tnemcjlves, and apply for admission into lie Unioib it would be his dutv. and be duty of others w?<h whom he was SBOcinter\ not to thwart, but to adnnce their wishes. This order does o' appear to authorize any exertion f military authority, or of any oficial or even personal interference, control, or affect in any way, the trimbfy action of the people m the ormation of a Government, nor to icrmit any such interference by subordinate effects. Col. McGa^l and lis associates were not called upon o take a lend in any measures, or sven 1o recommend any thing as fit o be adopted by the people. Their vho'c duty was confined to what hey might be able to nerform, sub rdinate to the wishes of the people, n this matter it was evidently conemnlaled that thev wi?r? to nr.t ns he agents of tiie inhabitants, and lot as officers of this Government, t must be recollected that the only Government then existing in the rerritory was a quasi military Govjrnment, and as Congress had made 10 provision for the establishment ol my form of civil Government, and is the President doubtless believed hat under these circumstances the >eople had a right to frame a Gov(rnment for themselves, and submit t to Congress for its approval, the >rder was a direction that the then !X>sting military Government should \ t stand in ihe way of the accom>lis menl of the wishes of the people, ncr thwart thow wishes, if the icople entertained them, for the esabiishment of a free, popular, repubican civil Government, tor their own >rotection and benefit. This is evilently the whole purpose and object >f the order. The military officer in ommand, and his associates, were \merican citizens, acquainted with he forms of civil and popular procodings, and it was expected thai hey would aid the inhabitants of the erritoryi by fbeir advice and assisance, iri their proceedings for estab' ishing a Government of their owp I hore is no room to suppose thai I'oh Munroe, on officer as muohdisingnifrhed for prudence arid discrc ion as for gallant conduct in arms. nennt to net, or did act, otherwise han in tfStire subordination and sub erviency to the will of the people tmong whom ho was plared. Iff vp.s not authorized to co, nor do 1 indcrstand him as intending to do my thing whatever in his military ;haraet?r, nor to represent* in any the wishes ot the Executive government of the United States. To judge intelligently and fairly sf these transactions, we must recall o our recaitefttion the circumstances >f the case, as they then existed.? Previous to the war with Mexico, vhich commenced in May, 1840, and ecwved tho sanction of Connies? >ri tiif 13ih of thatmonth, the 'lerri ory of Now Mexico formed a Do )arlment or State of the Mexicar iepublta, iind wa# governed by hei awdfJS General Kearney* acfin^un ici'B orders from thjs CteVernrtieht nvaded this 'lVpMtment with ar armed force; the Governor iled at e: his approach, and the troops under ol his command dispersed; and Gener- t? al Kearney entered Santa Fe, the aj capital, on the 18th of August, 1846, G and took possession of tl>e Territory aj in the name of the United States.? la On the 22nd of that month lie Issued ic a proclamation to the inhabitants; cl s'ating the fact that lie had taken c possession of Santa Fe, at the head g; of his troops, and announcing his a "intention to hold the Department tl with its original boundaries, (on both tc sides of the Del Norte,) and under o: the name ofNew Mexico." By that tl proclamation he promised to protect 1! the inhabitants of New Mexico in e: their persons and property, against s< their Indian enmies and all others, d and assured ti.em that the United b States intended to provide for them a ft free Government, where the people fc would be called upon to exercise the h rights of freemen in electing their a own representatives to the Territo- tl rial Logislature. On the same daj' o ho established a Territorial constitu- tl tion bv an organic law, which pro- F vided for ex< cutive, legislative and n judicial departments of the Govern- tl ment, defined the ri^ht of suffrage, mm jjiuviueu iui \rmi ny jury, antt p at the same time established a code v^ a laws. This constitution declared tl thai "the country heretofore known as New Mexico shall be known here- n after, and designated as the Territo- p ry of New Mexico, in the United States of America;11 and the members of the lower House of the Leg islature were apportioned among the \ counties established by the decree of j the department of New Mexico, of * June 17, 1844; which counties it is . uuderstood include.d all the Territory over which Texas has lately attempt- 1 od to organize counties and establish i1 her own jurisdiction. On the 22ml 1( of December, 1840, a copy of this 8 constitution and code was transmit ted by President Pd'k to the House 6f Representatives, in pursuance of v a call on him by that body. In the ^ message transmitting the constitution, he says that "portions of it pur- ? port, to establish an? organize a par- ^ manem Territorial Government over .v the Territory, nnd to impart to its J* inhabitants political rights which un* : der the constitution of the U. States, 11 can be enjoyed permanently only by j! citizens of the United States. These I1 have not been approved and recog '! nised by me. Such organized regulations as have been established in r any of the conquered Territories, for II the security of our conquest, for the ' preservation of order, for the protec- 11 tion of the rights of the inhabitants, : and for depriving the enemy of the l advantages of these Territories, f i while the military possession of them 11 f by the forces of the United States I continues, will bo recognised and op- e, proved." Near four years have now ? i elapsed since this military Gov- .k eminent was established, by military J authority, and received, with the exi ceptions mentioned, the approval of f i rrcsiaem l'oik. in ttic mean time a " treaty of peace has been concluded v with Mexico, by which a boundary line was established that left this \ Territorry within the United Slates, J thereby confirming io ihe United ; States, by treaty, what we 1 id before acquired by conquest. The ! The treaty, in perfect accordance J with ihe proclamation of General J Kc6rne, declared that "the Mexi- \ cans remaining in this Territory ' should be incorporated into the Union ^ of the United States, and be admit- ' ted at the proper time, (to be judged of by the Congress of the United I ! ,?/ WB >?V Viwj/iupi 1IIU11I ui nil II1C | rights of citizens ol the U. States, < . according to the principles of the ! t constitution;" and in toe meantime [ "should be maintained and protected * tf in the free enjoyment of their liberty ( , and property, and secured in the ftce j >, exercise of their religion without re* 1 striatum.". Thus it will be perceived 5 t that the authority 01 the u. States 1 \ .over New Mexico was the result of I ! conquest; and the pos^ssidni Tht J , treaty added the tit}? by cession to the already existing titlo by success- 1 ful achievements m arms. With the j 1 peace, there arose a natural $xpec- ! tation that, as early as possible, tncire ] would come a. oiv>l government to ! supercede the military. But, until 1 i some such form of governmentjnould 5 . uuiuo i?w existence, it was ol abso- ' , j lute necessity that the military ftoV- ' i continue, as othorj wise t?ici douiitry must fall into abfio. solute imarthy. And this has been - the coxine, generally, irf the practice i of civilian.) nations, when colonies or f territories have Ixien acquired fai I ww.Mgtheir acquisitiqaascfirine.i ; i ^Th<- mifit'th-y gorernrnerif, IHerefW. I I listing in New Mexico at the date 1 f the order, existed thereof inevi- j tble necessily. It existed as much i gainst the will of the Executive Government of the United States as gainst the will of the people. The tie President had adopted the opin-1 >n that it was justifiable in the pco-1 le of the Territory, under the cirufnstances, to,form a constitution of overpment, without any previous | utnority conferred by Congress; and lereunon to apply for admission m) the Union. It was under this slate f things, and under the influence of I lese opinions, that the order of the 9th November last was given, and j xecuted in the manner we have . sen. The order indicates no bounary, and defines no territory, except y the name of New Mexico; and so iras that indicated any thing, it reared to a known Territory, which ad been organized under military lilhority, approved by the Execuve, and left without remonstrance r alteration by Congress, for more ian three years. It appears to the 'resident that such an order could ot have been intended to invade le rignis 01 i cxas. Secondly, you ask 'whether the roclamation of Col. Munroe meets nth the approval of the President of ic Uniteo, States? To determine this question it is ecessary to look at the vbjeet of the ; roclamation and the effect of the j roceeuings had under it. II" the object was to assume the uthority to settle ihe disputed bounary with Texas, (hen ihe President as no hesitation in saying that such n object does not meet 1ns approbaon, uecause he does not believe that :ie Executive branch of this Government, or the inhabitants ofNew Mexjo, or both combined, have any con(itutional authority to settle that uestion. That belongs either to the udicial Department of tli Federal Government or to the concurrent ction by agreement of the Legislate Departmentsof the Governments f the United States and Texas. Hut Iihqp been sufficiently shown that >o! Monroe could have no such objc^, and that his intention was mcrc/ to act in aid of the people in forma Staje constitution to be submit Bd to Uongress. Assumi g (hen Imt such a constitution has been armed, what is its e/tect upon the lisplited boundary? If it compro nits the rights of either party to that inestion, then it does not meet the 'resident's approbation; for lie deems t h:s duty to leave the settlement of hat question to the tribunal to which t constitutionally belongs. It issuficient for him that this boundary is n dispute; that the territory east of he Rio del Norte seeim to be claimid in good faith by Texas and New Mexico, or rather by the United states. Whatever might be his udxrment in rctrard to their resnnr. ivcTrights, lie has no power to defide upon them, or even to negotiate 11 regard to them; and therefore it vould be improper for him to ex>rcss any opinion. The subject mater of dispute is between the United States and Texas, and not between he inhabitants of New Mexico and Pexas. If the^e people should volmtarily consent to come under the urisdiction of Texas, such consent vould not bind the United States or ake away their title to the territory. 50, on the other hand, if they should voluntarily claim the title for the U]i*ed States*, it would not deprive i'exasof her rights. Whatever tho e ights may be, they can oniy be afected by her own acts or a judicial iecision- The State constitution orme<J by iNow Mexico can have 110 egal validity until it is recogniscd and adopted by the law-making powjr ctf the United States, Until (nutis lone, it has no sanction, and can lave no effect, upon the right ofTexis or of the United Stetes to the territory in dispute- And it is not to be presumed that Congress will ever ajive its sanction to,that constitution without first ptovidirtg for the settlement of this boundary.^ Indeed, no arovtrnmeoti* either Territorial or State, can be formed for New Mexico, without providing for settling this boundary. Hence he regards the formation of'this State constitution sis a mere nulity. Jt may be regardr*A U.. 1?-1 ? l'uviuunsut a |mhii?uii uy tvpa\ vnfiotments it affects the rights of naither party. But as it is ihc right, of all try petition Congress for any law which it may constitutionally pass, this people were in the exercise of a common right whet* tliry formed their constitution with a view of applying t0;< uuffress for admission ah a State, is no thinks (He jjfit can prejudice no one, he feels honnd to ap ?rr- . - -.*1 ? prove of tho conduct of Col. Munroe, J1 m issuing his proclamation. i 1 am directed also to state that, in n the President's opinion, it would not \ be just to suppose tliat the late Pres- a ident desired to manifest any un- ti friendly attitude or aspect towards . C Texas, or the claims of Tex as. The J a boundary between Texas and New n Mexico was known to be disputed, j 11 and it was equally well known that j: the Executive Government of the | n United States had no power to set- j v tic that dispute. It is believed that , c the Executive power has not wished , s ?it certainly does not now wish?to rl interfere with that question in any 1j manner whatever, as a question of i p title. I e In one of his Inst communications i !c to Congress, that of the 17th June l last, ihe late President repeated the . a declaration that he had no power to ii decide llie question of boundary, and I no dchiro to interfere wit!? it, and that 1] the authority to settle that question e resides elsewhere. The object of ii the Executive Government has been,; o as I believe, and as I am authorised i h t i * 1 . ' - a) say 11 cenainiy now is, to secure I the peace of the country: to maintain, h as far as practicable* the state of e things as it existed at the date of the t! treafv; and to uphold and preserve the rights of the respectiva parties, e as they were under the solemn guar- t* anty of the treaty, until the highly r interesting question of boundary t| should be finally settled by compe- a tent authority. This treaty, which h is now the supreme law of the land, a declares, as before stated, that the c inhabitants shall be maintained and tl and protected in the free enjoyment h of their liberty and pronorty, and se- a cured in the free exercise of their re- p ligion. It will, of course, be the r President's duty to see that this law I is sustained, and tlw> m-nli?ffirm wliiflt c it guaranties, made effectual; and 1 this is the plain an open path of Ex- ] ecutive duty, in which he proposes to a tread. II Other transactions of a very grave h character are alluded to and recited in your Excellency's letter. Tothosc t transactions I am now directed not ? more particularly to ad?*crt, bocause 1 the only questions propounded by ( you respect the authority under which a Col. Munroe acted, and the appro- c val or disapproval of his proclama- ( tion- Your Excellency's communi-' i cation and this answer will he imme- j ( diately laid before Congress, and the i President will take that occasion to e bring to its notice the transactions \ al!u led to above. j It is known to your Excellency } that the question growing out of the * nr.miisiil inn nf rinl'.fiimio ?n#l ,?;T. ...it Mexico, and among them the highly ^ important one of the boundary of f Texas, have steadily engaged the at- , i tention of both Houses of Congress 11 for many months, and still engage it j f with intense interest. It is under- t stood that the Legislature of Texas j ( will he shortly in session, and will ! < have thp boundary question .also be- ( j fore it. It is a delicate crisis in our j public affairs, not free, certainly, from ( possible dangers; but let us confident- j ly trust that justice moderation, and < patriotism, and the love of the Union, i may inspire such counsels, both in ] the Government of the Unit'd States ] and that of Texas, as shall carry the ] country through these dangers, and j i bring it safely out of them all, and i with renewed assurances of the con- ?i tinuance of mutual respect and har- | mony in the great family States. I have the honor to be, with entire regard, your Excellency's most obedient servant. PAN L. WEB STICR. To his Excellency P. H. Bell, Governor of Texas. [Correspondence of the Baltimore Run.~\ Washington, Aug. 9. Arrest of Runaway Slaves?Great Excitement?Fierce Contest with runawa i/s? Officers ivounded?Cap tare qftheir While Guide?Runawaijs fVounded?Committed for tri al, 4'C. For several weeks past the police of this city have had reason to be-1 live that a person bv the name of i VVm. Jj. 01 aplin, (together with some olhcrs in this city,) has been the principal agent in running of all, or nearly all, the junaway slaves from this district. The pian seemed to be for him to have a two-horse carry? 11 , or carriage, and start early in tho j night, tie would take two or three I and proceed through Maryland by the way of Sandy Spring to Pennsylvania, they paj'ing him $20 to $25 a piece. A few days since, a particularly ' constructed two^horse carriage ar7 rived in this city, and put up about li? o'clock at night, at Smithey & \ ShockelPs livery stable. Suspicion mmcdiately attached it?elf toti.e ifTiiir; and the officers were intent on matching every movement. It was iscertained that Chaplin contempland moving on Tuesday right, t'le iih inst., accordingly he paid nis bill, iid his carriage was driven away by ye'low man, by the name of War* ler Harris, of the 1st Ware'. Harris ilaycd around the city, poing to a lumber of planes, until 10 o'clock, vhen he took in, in the neighborhood f 1 1-2 and C streets, two runaway laves, belonging to the Hon: Mr. Hoombs and the Hon. Mr. Stephens, oth of Georgia. In the meantii ea arty had left thfc city and proccedd to a suitable place up the road i: * it ?^ a J. ?.- . ? v.umiir 10 jriurngoniery county, lor ho purpose of intercepting Chaplin n<! his stolen property. After waitig until one o clock, Ihcy concluded hat something had happened, and hev returned to the city. It appear(1 that the negro Harris, after taking 1 the two slaves referred to, drove ft at such a furious rate that he ran is horse iuto a dray, in the rear of brown's ITotel- rn 1 instantly killed im?the slaves j urp'd out an 1 ckar cl themselves, which put a stop to lie expedition for (hat night. On 1 lie 8th, Chaplin bought anothr hnyse, oncl settled his bill about nn o'clock in the morning, aild liaris drove off again. After going round he city a good deal, lie brought up t his own house and took out the orses, wh'ch are a very fleet pair, nd put (hem in his stable, or one lose (o the house. They remained i _ i-? -l-i tt n-iv- niiui ucur liigm, wiK'ni.Hvns itched up again and begAii to drivo round the city. At this time the aitv of police, and other citi'/ens, onsisting of Capt. Goddard, officers (andy, Cox, Wollard, Davis, \Yrm, ?mithev, John Cook anci Richard tutt, of the county, repaired to the district line leaclipg to Montgomery, nd there awaited the arrival of Chap in, who arrived at that place about ialfrast 11 o'clock. The police being posted in a prop1 ir manner, at the ppointed moment, l fence rail was run through the linH wheel of the carriage by Capt. ioddard, which brought it up, and . it the sftme time two persons, Smithv and Cox, caught the horses by he head, the balance of the party >eing at the sides of ihe carriage.? 'haplin, who was driving, whipped he horses and fired a pistol atSmith'V. who bad hold of the near horse, vhich bullet went through his hat. \t that time Davis and Handy pulled lim off the seat on to the ground, ind a ficrce rontest took plare to fc;ure him. The slaves inside (who vere furnished with revolvers) were luring this time plaving a quirk game n firing at Goddard, Butt, Wollard incl Cook, who were on each side m<1 in front, endeavoring to prevent heir escape. It was almost pitch lark, and great "caution had to be ob? served to keep from shooting each jth^r. Mr. Toombs1 servant, made his es^ape, supposed to be badlv wounded Yom the fact of Ins leaving his ro- t ?ome distance oil in iho road, w'th much blood on it. Mr. Stephens* man was shot in the back, and a bullet went through his watch in his fob and lodged under the faro, which no doubt, saved his life. He fired five of his barrels; and Toombs1 m? n fired his whole six. Chaplin fired but once. The wonder is th?it tl:ey done no more damage thari thfey did to the officers, which consisted of Mr. Butts receiving a bullet in the arm; Smithey one through his hat; Capt. Gorldard's eyebrow scorched wilh the fire of Stephens1 man. Cox a slight wound in the right che< k. The white man and Mr. Stephens1 slave were brought to the*city and committed by Capt. GoHdard before daylight. The free man Harris was arrested and committed for further examination. , I ? mm Another hwattion.?A corresoon dent of the Baltimore Sim writes from Washington that tho President has received information of arrangements in progress for another attempted invasion of Cuba, and that a strict watch is now kept on the suspected parties.?Carolinian. A Venerable Minister.?The Rev. Dr. Spring, the oldest clergyman in the city of .New York, preached his fortieth annual sermon on Sunday, dthinst. He stated that during hi^ ministry he has seen two generations I of his congregation pans p.way from life; he had admitted into the church 0 2072 commutii^Mits?married 895 couple?H?and prcaijhecl si* thousand | sermon?. He isti fifir, hale* hearty old man now