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r " TO THINK OWN Rtl.F CU TRCE, AND IT MIST FOLLOW, A8 TllK NltiflT TIIK DAT, TIIOC CAN'bi NOT TIIKN UK TAl.Hr. VO ANV MAN." VOL. 2. PICKENS COURT HOUSE, S. C., FRIDAY, AUGUST 10, 1850. NO 1# Tnrrr-in i mi? i n Tmmrj- . i -j?rf. i n r m r iw. 1 t- .,' ML^i^>-*-u-..u>,.^ Ttiji JKUOWEP* COURIER, l*Kl.Srk0 AMD PCBLlSnED frZEKLT HT TRIMMIEIl & LEWIS. ^ H XV. K. Ficirv - - - MnkWMCfl) JUUJU/1* TKIfrJlS. Ono Dollar Mid Fifty Cents for one yenr'* ?ul> rription when paid within threemonth*, Two dollar* *.f payment is delayed tu the clo*e of the ubicrlption year. All subscriptions not clearly limited, will bo considered as made for an indefinite time, and | continued till a discontinuance is ordered and all arrearage-* pni.l. Advertiieinrnir inserted ut 7f> cents per square for tho fir-it insertion, and 37 1-2 cts. for each continued insertion. Liberal deductions made to those advertising by the venr. ur All Communications should be addressed to the Publishers post paid. P?L a ir' ii? & |U_ IMPORTANT LETTER FROM j GOVERNOR BELL, . j To the Senators and Representatives i from Texas* in the United States ; Ctmgress relatiw to the Santa Fe Question. STATE OF TEXAS. Executive Department, ? Austin, June 13, 1850. \ Hon. Senators and Representatives j /* m - ? from J ex as, in the Congrexs of the United States: Gcntlemon?It is with solicitude an 1 . pain that I announce to you the oftorts at presents going forward by deluded men, to sever from the State a large portion of territory situated upon her Northwestern limits. This intelligence I have just received in full and satisfactory shafie from the Special Commissioner, who was appointed by authority of the Legislature at its last .session, lpnvimr nr> doubt upon the mind of the Executive of a settled determination by the people of Santa Fe to form at once a separate Slate Government in utter disregard of our rightful boundary. And there is no less doubt from the statements of ihe Commiss'er (who has executed his trust in a most worthy manner) of Ihd inhabitants of that district having received, and are still receiving in the fulfilment of their plans, aid, | ih'slli'iiriirtA mvl C...? I vii>'WUKi^ciiir/iii ii Will the United States forces stationed at Santa Fe, who, for some time past, have exercised civil and military jurisdiction in that portion of the State. UngVacious and harsh as this announcement sounds upon our ears, yet it comes with the lull impress of truth, and brings along with it, I assilve you, all the angry excitement and Civil forohrulinrrc! w!?S/?V? 1.I..VI. UHMIJTO precede the do term! nod spirit of an outraged people to redress their wrongs when and wherever offered. 'Unpleasant as it is, it docs not come unanticipated. In my general message to the Legislature of December 26th, *849, I had tho ljonor to state in reference to that portion of territory embracing Santa Fe?"That the course pursued by the Federal Government within the last eighteen months, had been such as to give I 1 A t tio ? ' . .v, ?,.y Miw.H nuiimn ct}){)reiieusions that they are disposed tacitly to yield to any effort which maybe made to wrest it from us. The total silence observed in rcjxn.nl to the Resolutions of the 20th March, 1848, and the law passed at the same session of the Legislature for organizing the Cf>uny of Santa Fe. The continuance of tliei. civil and milita ry government within the limits of our territory when no longer required for the purpose for which it was established, and the failure amounting to a refusal to give instructions to officers in command of that dopart lo recognize and respect the au thorites of the Slate in discharge of the u.ities assigned them, indicate but loo strongly a careless indifference to our rights, if theV do not go furihef, and manifest a disposition toj: ? '? luiiy iu uwrogaru uiern* Recent events with which you .can becorh'" A^ell advised from the information Ahicb is herewith transmitted, endorse the opinions therein exposed, placing Injyond the roach of speculation or doubt the disposition and view* entertained by the Federal Government t6frards us, and exhibiting clearly the unfriendly attitude of trie people of Santa Fe. ^^??eiorc emering upon hjfc proper; thities, tlidfSpecial Commissioner referred to, received from the Executive full nnd ample instructions to Himet hint > ivndinpr a civil or/r nation to he counties of I*r< *El I tfftr^rected to explain with 0^31 care and in a manner most conciliatory to the inhabitants there, the carses which had operated to prevent an earlier ovtension to them of the benefits of the Constitution and Luws of (he State, and to explain also as far as opportunity allowed, the particular leaturc3 of each, as applicable to U.eir position and circum siunces. Tn the county of El Passo, hismis sion was marked with signal success, and in a snort period a complete organization was effected, and there is every assurance that equal success would have attended the efforts of the Commissioner in the counties of Presidio and Worth, with a sufficient military escort, which was rendered necessary from the large number of hostile Indians who roam unrestrained through that country. But the cnusesin Santa Fe, active and powerful and adverse to the iust claims of our State, which worked ' defeat to the Commissioner, are ol unite a different character, worthy of tho ErrflVPSt WMIsiflnrotlhti Imrnltili. o Ikiivil) IIIY Ul* ill^ as lliey do, living and essential principles, important not only to the parties immediately concerned, but to all who are interested in the maintainnnce of its original meaning and purity of the integrity of a sovereign State. This unfortunate issue between the Stale and a portion of its inhabitants for several years menaced, has at length assumed a definite and determined character and in my judgment calls for the immediate exer?: ?r a., c ? ? ... Vioc ui iin; mice and emcacy winch our Constitution and Laws were intended to confer. It was to have been calculated that difficulties arising within a State of the Union, no matter from what causes, would have been to the General Government a subject interesting enough to claim its interposition ana kindest officers for their adjustment. But in this instance, instead of exercising \ parental care and vigilance over the | interest of the youngest member of the Confederacy, she has stepped forward with the confident, supercilious air of p?nver, erecting1 herself into an umpire, claiming privileges and benefits appertaining to Texas from llie dear bought sacrifices which she has made to obtain them, and heretofore awarded to them by the moot solemn guarantees. Is this, allow me to ask, one of the boasted particular benefits of the Union ? And is this a foretaste of what we may hereafter expect from a common guardian! 1'his is truly the protection that the wolf gives to the lamb "covering and devouring.'1? C..?U ' uu<.;ii a wuim: oiicu sanctioned would leave us recreant to the trust confided to us, leading as it would to the destruction of an important Constitutional principle; and J assert it with pride and confidence, that the State of Texas is net prepared to acquiesce in a doctrine at once absurd and dangerous. To oppose it by aH proper and legitimate means, becomes her for her own security, and possessing kindred sentiments and interests with her sister Statos, it is alike due to their preservation to repudiate it, as a wild, extravagant nil/1 * A ' '* ivu 14 ci%bi\ji iauu uribuiiij)iiun oy I IlO Bxrcutive Department of the Government. The slumbering patriotism of the enhn and sober-minded pioneers of the country lias been re Kindled by the wound about to be inflicted upon State pride, and this manifest attempt it usurpation of State right*. This effort for supremacy recently so clearly indicated by the U. States authorities at Santa Fe, can only have the unhappy effect of disturbing the harmony, good feelings and .. UUKIII W I3A* ist between the confederacy and all of its m mbers. It can exact no true homnge or respect any where, and it will never 'fid obedience here. Nor is it intended that it shall in the least degree impair or take away the State's claim to sovereignty and jurisdiction over the country in controversy. It at least becomes us to assume a just, lofiy and honorable attitude before our sister States, whpsc interests assimilated to our own, arc likely to be atYected favor uuty or oinorwise, according as tho issue mry come out of tho important <jueciv>n now bo decided. It is expected that tho State of Texas I will use the neccssajry means to ex- i fleeted that the State of Texas will uri the necessary means to extend . her civil jurisdiction co-extensive with her proper limit* JDuty and Z3L.. ? x. ^r.r 1 V?v "wvuu^f!, nercW' require it, hor honor demands .?,? ?MictaJ by mt Mh to her ' croijilnis. ltiose Firjtfe h?ve Keen veiy clQnvly aod ?u the most cxpres* J sine manner defined by the sword, successfully maintained by the same instrument, and confirm-. r\ to us by the most enlightened natio.w. The solemn compact of Union must now shield them from all encroachments come from what quarter they may. jut.a ii noi ?o lorgotten, that chivalry and dating gave both to the Texas Revolution, which by sacrifice an'1 valor, has been the mean? of adding to the United States an empire of territory. Does this entitle us to no considerations? and shall Texas now be forccd to the humiliating dilemma of asking either gratuities or boons? She does not aslc them. She will not ask them. Nor yet even any abatement of the severe rigors of i the nositions in which ie ! placed by the unkind action of the Federal Government. But she does not withdraw her confidence in the justice of the General Government, and reposing for a moment upon thai confidence, she now asks of that Government no longer to intervene any obstacle to the claim of Texas to the soil and iiirisflirlinn nvpr nil tl,o Tnvi>i)n?r . j ? ~ ? ??wi j "C" clared within her rightful boundary at the consummation of annexation, and in which was embraced Santa Fe. The hope is still entertained that the Government at Washington will, when informed in the most positive and unqualified manner, of the fixed determination of the State to maintain integrity inviolate by enforcing its laws over every part thereof, be visited with a returning sense of right, and issue without any delay, to the officers commanding at Santa Fe, such orders as will cause imriicdiate cessation of Civil Jurisdiction in that portion of this State; and with this view 1 have to request that the Honable Delegation from Texas will immediately wait uoon his Excellenev , J the President, and respectfully represent that the State ot Texas does not recognise any right or authority in^he Executive or any other branch oJi^e Governme t, longer to continue Civil or Military Government i at Santa Fe, or any other portion of the State, and to demand tliat all instructions heretofore existing for the maintenance of such Government l>e revoked; and further, that the troops in the service of the U. States, occupying that portion of the frontier of Texas be rcauired to employ themselves ftrictly in the discharge of tlmir nmrniwicitn tuic liiiuiui y uuut/9* If it is the policy of the Govern J moot not to aid a sovereign State with her troops in its efforts to bring under subject to its laws a refractory population, she is at least required to observe a strict non-interference.? This State will endeavbr properly t'? look to the movements of ncr citizens occupying the quarter alluded to, but she would willingly be saved the trouble of combating the open and the secret influences exerted there, brought about mainly, as it is understood, by the policy and directions of the Executive I ranch of tho General Government. The Proclamation of Col. Monroe, commanding at Santa Fc, of the ' zaa 01 April last, would seem to establish this position beyond the possibility of a rational doubt. If, how* ever, this individual has so far transcended his orders (which cannot be supposed) as to nroinulge this most remarkable Proclamation, it will be a matter for congratulation to our State nnd its citizens generally, as there has alwntfslwon ro?? ?? ??? ? luctance to view the United States in the light of an adverse claimant. It is worse than useless, gentlemen, for mo to trespass on your time and patience in nringing forward proofs to establish tho boundary of Texee. Our delegation in Congress, faithful to their trusts in this respect, ah/1 MUIK -* Ll ' " 1 * tmu nuio hi uiu iiiiiiiiier 01 uischargin/frit, have convinced even the reluctant, and given firmness to the wavering. The rights of Texas to extend her civil and political organisation over every portion of her tertorry, as proclaimed in her Law of Limits of 1836, is considered perfect, and cannot be yielded without coinpromitting her integrity. She has patsotl nr/,p her claim, looking to the princip^/of right as contradistinguished to one of force; and that this urourament is just, it is only necessnRary to recur to the opinions of enlivenedhations, who have already, with groat unanimity, rendered ^ judgment in our favor. In ass u mi rg this position, so manifestly just, it is ^vith dye deference and profound respect for the Government of the Union, and in urging with firmness and constancy our elnini to the territory in (question, no multi or imaingpe . Federal Government are intended to ! be put forth. It' is true that the pow ers and resources of the Slate must now he employed for extending her jurisdiction to her remotest limits, nut no conflict with the General Government is desired or intended, and if in the record of subsequent events connected with this subject any stain shall be made thereon, it shall not Fall, if possible, on the page of our j State's history, hut expunging from it every feature not marked by propriety and justico, we will endeavor to pass it with pride and pleasure to those who have assimilated interests and feelings with our own. In any conflict with the Federal Government, which is not anticipa *,?,i -ii 1 ' u.u, uuu wiiiuii hii would aepreeate, Texas is fully sensible of its power, dignity, and greatness, and of her own wc akness. But this consideration, it is to be honed, will nevei influence her counsels or her people to surrender her sovereign attributes; and though conscious of her physical weakness, with justice on her side, she is led to believe that her moral strength would be her shield. In urging the General Government to abstain from any encroachments upon her territorial limits, Texas can| not bo considered importunate. Much J toil and manv sacrifices framed for ' her Independence as a Republic, and v hen she yielded her nationality to j the Union, she did not expect that Union to absorb every thing valuable that was hers, for she believed it was i mphatically, a Union of the power ana resources of the two Republics. To curtail her limits, is to deprive her of a portion of her wealth, to say nothing of high political considerations which cannot in these turbulent times be too much guarded. Texas honestly and truly believes that the Rio Grande to its whole extent is her t i ? lignum nummary one earned her Hag to the lower aiul middle Rio Grande, and actually established it. there, and, left untrammelled and even unaided, was perfectly prepared and would soon have conquered her boundary to its whole extent. Tex, sighs for, and really requires tran' quilhty; but if she loves peace, she ! hates dishonor. With the inhabitants j of Sanle Fe, I consider the issue is ! clearly and distinctly made, and if in j like manlier with the Federal Government, ii is greatly to be regretted but it will not change our course, j Texas knows her rights and will 1 mniniuin (liom mII ~. , i Miv.ua *v (ill U11 I IIV* Illl~UII/> I which (Jod and nature have given her. The Constitution and laws of the State indicate to me my duly too plainly to be misunderstood. I shall not be behind it, but will at cnce cm-, bloy the power and resources which they confer to secure complete jurisdiction over that portion of our State, which a misguided and refractory population are endeavoring to ?ever. I will not trouble you further, gentlemen. than lo nftlc from vr>n. n<a ! ?#? guardians of the honor and interest of the State, at the Capital, that aid and hearty. co-operat ion, now so necessary to secure her against the evils and sinister influences which assail her. 1 cannot conclude, however, with-; out expressing that deep feeling of profound love and devotion for the Union which is so universally felt by the citizens of our State, and I am sure that 1 cannot on this subject better convey the public sentiment than to reiterate the language wich I had the honor publicly to express j on a previous occasion. "We Willi always endeavor to do our duty to i the L iiioii. This is an obligation and it implioft reciprocity." "Too just to invade the rights of others, we will be too proud to surrender our own." With the highest esteem and respect, I have the honor to be, gentlemen. Your nro.it obedient servant, P. H. BELL. Resistaxce is the Senate.?The correspondent r>f the Mercury give3 us the following gratifying intelli gdricc" "The bill for 1he admission of California will not bo permitted to pass I the Senate without resistance? and that of the sternest and most determined character. The friends of the South in that body feel it their duty to oppose and obstruc t the aggressive rrtehsurcs of tho majority by all I the m rihs which are a^orcled by the j rules offegislation? and by these properly applied and resolutely persisted I in liik -i" 1 ** v ui itiiy uwttsure can ihj delayed until the day of doom. To those 1 who profess devotion to the South, While they arc terrified at the idem of disunion, this course, no doubt, Will be ^ladty embraced, aa it will prcsciit itn opportunity of peaceful yel effectual resistance, by which they may protect the South and preserve the Union. A sufficient number ol Senators have already solemnly pledged themselves to this course to j render it effectual, and if the effort to } admit California with her present i boundaries is persisted in, you may I expect a protracted session, and a I struggle unexampled in our legislative history." ! he Mercury, in remarking on its Washington letter, says*. lklt is evident now that we can have no half-way measures. The South must defend herself, or be trodden under foot. Mr. Clay has unqualifiedly denounced the whole doctrine of Stale Rights and Slate sovereignty; has avowed and repeated over and over that the States have no right in any case to resist the legislation of Congress; that such resistance of a State is of no higher character, and to be treated by the Federal Government with no more respect, than an insurrection of a county, or an outrage upon the laws by individuals. These declarations of H/T_ /~?l ' i?xr. v/iay were receivea Willi sliouts of applause from the galleries, and have, so far, callell forth the general approval of his friends. Consolidation, Abolition and the Bayonet are now emblazoned on the banner of the Anti-Southern party. Is it not time, then, lor decisive measures?" ? mm m Hit him again.?The Washington correspondent of the Evening News, in speaking of Senator Foote, says: "Mr. Foote appears to thrive with the heat, for he waxes more vigorous every day, and when he expatiates on the temeritv of you South Carolinians in daring to think for yourselves, he is truly sublime. It is a iw? ...i- - 4- 'i?? |>u_y in; uuuo HUl Icll-U IU IIIU SlUgUt ilS such a ) olitical salamander would command almost any price. Barhum would be in cxstacies at the prospect of getting him for his museum." Trying it Again.?The correspondent of the Evening News, writing from Washington on Saturday says: "There being in the House an admitted majority in favor of the ComKromise bill, it is expected that it will e introduced into that body 011 Mon- ( day, so that on its going to the Sen ate there will he another opportunity for certain gentlemen, if they are sufficiently nenitent, to retrace their steps. All this, however, will take time, for it cannot be supposed that such a measure can pass through the House without at least a month's debate. Jt is now positively stated that Mr. Fillmore is in favor of the measure. North Carolina Election.? Telegraphic despatches have been received in Washington announcing thatReid (Dem.) has gained on Manlv 1,000 votes over last election.? Iteid, we understand, is a Southern man out and out. Manly was a Clay rnmnrnmKA innn I?n/\ni?U onU 1 ? 'v ?**? juuuu^ii oaiu? [Carolinian. President op the Bank.?At a meeting of the Directors of the Bank of the State of South Carolina, held on Monday, the 5th inst., C. M. Furman, Esc;., was unanimously elected President of that institution.?Carolinian. Manufacturing Company.?We observe with pleasure and gratification in our advertising columns this morning, a notice of application for a charter of a manufacturing company in this niact*. rYtiin fhn rhnr.in ter of some of the gentlemen cannected with the enterprise we have the utmost confidence in the success of the scheme, and from the facilities abounding on all sides of up, there can be no doubt but that, it will well remunerate the stockholders. There are more wavs of fighting the North than one. Cotton spindles aud looms in every town and favorable locality will wake her citizens up to the fact that we have some resources and capital left. They will begin to understand that whilst we can justly boast of the patriotism of our citizens in repelling political wrongs, we havo also witlnn us the means of independence, m producing ofor own supplies. We heartily wish this and every other mode of strengthening our arms at the present time the most abundant success. [South Carolinian. 1 - ? ? ? Great Caves.?A summer tourist writing from Sharon Springs, to the New York Journal ol Commerco, gives a description of twp caves of great size, near Schoharie Court! Vw<; C??UU * Howe's Cave, situated about 17 milf.fl from the Springs, and five from the Schoharie Court House, has been explored to a deptli of seven miles through limestone rock, and contains a lake, on which is a boat for vis t j s One portion of this cave is so vas. that rockets have been sent up and do not reach the ceiling. The other cave is called Gebbard sand is about i 4 r. l n i i juur nines casi 01 me acnonane v>ouri House. It has been explored to a distance of five miles. This also is said to have a lake, and an apartment 315 foot in diameter. Pure white alabaster has been found in it. Howe's cave was discovered in 1812 by a Mr. Iiowe, who has now a hotel near it. [From the Charleston Couria\] GOVERNORS OF SOUTH CAROLINA. Messrs. Editors:?in your paper of * Wednesday, a list of the Governors of South Carolina appears, copid from the Fairfield Herald. The enumeration is correct' from the year 1784, B. Guerard, Governer; but the list is not complete, and in some respects it is inaccurate. Rutledge was not Governor in 1792. The oHice was filled by Mathews. Henry Middleton and not Drayton, was Governor in 1810 -12. The first Congress of South Carolina assembled at Charles towr, on Wednesday, 1st. November, 1775, and remained in session until 528th March, 1770. On that clay the first Constitution was adopted. The 1st clause, (for there were no articles then,) provides that this Congress being full and free representation, &,c., shall hereafter he called the General Assembly of South Carolina. The 2d provides, That the General Assembly and the Legislative Council shall out of their own body plp.rf liv n T .nrrivl'ilivo P.nnn. - ~J - -ciI of 13 members, &c. The 3d provides, That the General Assembly and the Legislative Council shall out of their own body, or among the people at large, elct a President and Commander m Chief, and a Vicc President oi the Colony. 1 Stat. 130. Under this clause, John Ru'ledge was chosen President, (l)'b duties were those of a Governor and he was commonly so styled,) a??d Henr." Laurens was elected Vice President. The corrected list of our Republican Governors, as they were styled* in contradistinction to the Royal Governors, will then be as follows: John Rutledge 1775-0 Rawlins Loundes 1777-8 John llutledge 1779-1780-81 John Mathers 1782-3 Benjamin Gueraid 17S4-5 William Moultrie 1785-7 Thomas Pinekney 1787-9 Charles Pinekney 1788-92 Arnoldus Vanderhorst 1792-4 William Moultrie 1794-0 Charles Pinekney 1790-8 Edward Rutledge 1798-1800 John Drayton 1800-2 J. B. Richardson 1802-4 Paul Hamilton 1804-6 CI arles Pinekney 1806-& John Drayton 1808-10 Henry Middleton 1810-12 Joseph Allston 1812-14 n w w:u:* ion ii? ?? jiiiciii 10 iOl4*lU Andrew Pickens IBiG-Io John Geddes 1818-20 Thomas Bennett 1820-22 J. L. Wilson 1822-24 R. J. Manning1 1024-20 John Taylor 1826-28 S. D. Miller 1828-30 James Hamilton, Jr. 1830-32 R. Y. Havno 1832-34 George McDufne 1834-30 P. M. Butler 1836-38 Pat rick Noble 1838-40J. P. Richardson 1810-42 J. II. Hammond 1842-44 William Aiken 1844-46 David Johnston 1846-48 W. B. Seabrook 1848-50 The writer of this has seen in the records of the Senate, the original speech of John Rutlodge to the legislature. In that duv, addresses were delivered to the two Houses, instead of messages; according to the custom still preserved in Great Britain. The Governor's speech is a document of great strength and eloquence; and i (presented to the world could not fail to add the reputation of an eloquent orator, to the fattier won by its author as an eminent jurist and most ardent natriot. it m? y Imj in my pov. or to lay before your readers some extracts from tins prtKr, which 1 -.in inrlurt$U has never . '.mi seen, but by his contemporaries; and a few who are fond of rum 'Vgintf into thfcsodust covered memorial# of the past<(V. ** "t - m