University of South Carolina Libraries
PRESIDENT POINTS PATH TO SERVICE FOR AMERICA (Continued from page one) On Behalf of Humanity. "Gentlemen of the Senate: On the 18th of December, last, I addressed an identic note to the governments of the nations at war requesting them jo state, more definitely than they hat! been stated by either group of OeU'gerents, the terms upon which they would deem it possible to make peace. I spoke on behalf of humanity and of the rights of all neutral nations like our own, many of whose most vital Interests the war puts in constant jeopardy. The central powers united in a reply which stated merely that they were ready to meet their antagonists in conference to discuss terms of peace. The entente powers have replied much more definitely and have stated, in general terms, indeed, but with sufficient definiteness to imply details, the arrangements, guarantees and acts of reparation which they deem to be the indispensable conditions of a satisfactory settlement. We are that much nearer a definite discussion of peace which shall end the present war. We are that much nearer the discussion of the international concert which must thereafter hold the world at peace. In every discussion of the peace that must end this war it is taken for jrranted that that peace must he followed by some definite concert of power which will rrtake it virtually impossible that any such a catastrophe should overwhelm us ajrain. Every lover of mankind, every sane and thoughtful man must take that for jrranted. "I have soujrht this opportunity to address you because I thoujrht 1 owed it to you. as the counsel associated with me in the final determination of our international obligations, to disclose to you without reserve the thoujrht and purpose that have been taking form in my mind in retrard to the duty of our jrovernment in those days to come when it will he necessary to lay afresh and upon a new plan the foundations of peace amonjr the nations. Must IMay Its I'art. "It is inconceivable that the t^e?ple of the United States should play no part in that jrreat enterprise. To take part in such a service will be the opportunity for which they have soupht to prepare themselves by the very principles and purposes of their polity and the approved practices of their jrovernment ever since the days when they set up a new nation in the hiph and honorable hope that it mipht in all that it was and did show mankind the way to liberty. They can not in honor withhold the service to which they are now about to be challenged. They do not wish to withhold it. But they owe it to themselves and to the other nations of the world to state the conditions under which they feel free to render it. "That service is nothing less than tnis: To add their authority and their power to the authority and force of other nations to guarantee peace and justice throughout the world. Such a settlement can not now he long postponed. It is right that before it comes this government should frankly formulate the conditions upon which it would feel justified in asking our people to approve its formal and solemn adherence to a leagure for peace. I am here to attempt to state those conditions. "The present war must first be ended; but we owe it to candor and to a just regard for the opinion of mankind to say that so far as our participation in guarantees of future peace is concerned, it makes a great deal of Miflerence in what may and upon what terms it is ended. The treaties and agreements which bring it to an end must embody terms which will create a peace that is worth guaranteeing and preserving, a peace that will win the approval of mankind, not merely a peace that will serve the several interests and immediate aims of the nations engaged. We shall have no voice in determining what, those terms shall he, hut we bluili, I feel! >ure, have a voice in determining whether they shall he made lasting or not hy the guarantees of a universal covenant; and our judgment ?if.on what is fundamental and essential as a condition precedent to permanency should he spoken now. not afterwards, when it may he too late. New World Needed. "No covenant of cooperative peace that does not include the peoples of the new world can suffice to keep the future safe against war; and yet there is only one sort of peace that the peoples of America could join in guaranteeing. The elements of that peace must he elements that engage the confidence and satisfy the principles of the American governments, elements consistent with their political faith and the practical convictimisc whirh i ho nnnnlnu /?f A r-"!'.1-1 HINEHI.O have once for all embraced and undertaken to defend. "I do not mean to say that any American government would throw any obstacles in the way of any terms of peace the governments now at war might agree upon, or seek to upset them when made, whatever they might be. I only take it for granted that mere terms of peace between the belligerents will not satisfy even the belligerents themselves. Mere agree merits may not make peace secure. It will lie absolutely necessary that a force be created as a guarantor of the permanency of the settlement so much greater than the force of any nation now en^atred or any alliance hitherto formed or projected that no nation, no probable combination of nations, could face or withstand it. If the peace presently to be made is to endure, it must be a peace made secure by the organized major force of mankind. 'The terms of the immediate peace agreed upon will determine whether it is a peace for which such a guarantee can be secured. The question upon which the whole future peace and policy of the world depends is this: Ts the present wai1 ! a struggle for a just and secure peac-.\ i or only for a new balance of power? If it be only a struggle for a new balance of power who will guarantee, who can guarantee, the stable equili brium of the new arrangement Only i a tranquil Europe can be a stable Europe. There must be, not a balance of power, but a community of power, not organized rivalries, but an organized common peace. Both Claim Justice. "Fortunately we have received very explicit assurances on this point. The statesmen of both of the groups of nations now arrayed against one another have- said in terms that could not be misinterpreted, that it was no part of the purpose they had in mind to crush their antagonists. But the implications of these assurances may not he equally clear to all, may not be the same on both sides of the water. I think it will be serviceable if I attempt to set forth what we understand them to be. "They imply first of all that it must be a peace without victory. It is not pleasant to say this. I beg that I may be permitted to put my own interpretation upon it and that it may be understood that no other interpretation was in my thought. I am seeking only to face realities and to face them without soft concealments. Victory would mean peace forced upon the loser, a victor's terms imposed upon the vanquished. It would be accepted in humiliation under duress at an intolerable sacrifice and would Jeave a sting, a resentment, a bitter memory upon which terms of peace would rest, not permanently, but only as upon quicksand. Only a peace between equals can last. Only a peace the very principle of which is equality and common participation in a common benefit. The right state of mind, the right feeling between nations, is as necessary for a lasting peace as is the just settlement of vexed questions of territory or of racial and national allegiance. "The equality of nations upon which peace must be founded if it is to last must be an equality of rights; the guarantees exchanged must neither recognize nor imply a difference between big nations and small, between those that are powerful and those that are weak. Right must be based upon the common strength, not upon the individual strength, of the nations upon whose concert peace will depend. Equality of territory or of .vovuiwa biivic ui tuuise Citll IIOV oe; nor any other sort of equality not gained in the ordinary peaceful and legitimate development of the peoples themselves. But no one asks or expects anything more than an equality of rights. Mankind is looking now for freedom of life, not for equipoise of power. The Main Principle. "And there is a deeper thing involved than even eventuality of right among organized nations. No peace can last, or ought to last, which does not recognize and accept the principle that governments derive all their just powers from the consent of the i governed, and that no right anywhere exists to hand peoples about from sovereignty to sovereignty as if they were property. I take it for granted, for instance, if I may venture upon a singld example, that statesmen everywhere are agreed that there should he a united, independent and autonomous Poland ami that henceforth inviolable security of life, or worship and of industrial and social development should he guaranteed to all people who have lived hitherto under the power of governments 1 devoted to a faith and purpose hostile to their own. "I speak of this, not because of any , desire to exalt an abstract political principle which has always been held very dear by those who have sought ' to build up liberty in America, but 1 For the same reason that T have spok- 1 en of the other conditions of peace : which seem to me clearly indispensa- 1 hie?because 1 wish frankly to uncover 1 realities. Any peace which does not 1 recognize and accept this principle will 1 inevitably be upset. It will not rest upon the affections or the convictions 1 ! of mankind. The ferment of spirit of whole populations will fi>;ht subtly and constantly against ^t, and all the world will sympathize. The world can be at peace only if its life is stable, and there can be no stability where the will is in rebellion, where there is not tranquility of-spirit and a sense of justice, of freedom and of ri^ht. "So far as practicable evecy ureat people now stru^jrlinjr towards a full development of its resources and of its powers should be assured a direct outlet to the preat highways of the sea. Where this can not be done by the cession of territory, it can no doubt be done by the neutralization of direct rights of ways under the quality of spirit and a sense of justice, the peace itself. With the ri^ht comity of arrangement no nation need he shut away from free access to the open paths of the world's commerce. Sea Must He Free. Alio me patns or the sea must alike in law and in fact he free. The freedom of the seas is the sine qua non of peace, equality and cooperation. No douht a somewhat radical reconsideration of many of the rules of international practice hitherto sought to he established may he necessary in order to make the seas indeed free and common in practically all circumstances for the use of mankind, hut the motive for such changes is convincing and compelling. There can be no trust or intimacy between the peoples of the world without them. The free, constant, unthreatened intercourse of nations is an essential part i of the process of peace and of development. It need not be difficult to define or to secure the freedom of the seas if the governments of the world sincerely desire to come to an agreement concerning it. "It is a problem closely connected with the limitation of naval armaments and the cooperation of the navies of the world in keeping the teas at once free and safe. And the question of limiting naval armaments opens the wider and perhaps more difficult question of the limitation of armies and of all programs of military preparation. "Difficult and delicate as these questions are, they must be faced with the utmost candor and decided in a spirit of real accommodation, if peace is to come with healing in its wings, and come to stay. Peace can not be had without concession and sacrifice. There can be no sense of safety and equality among the na tions if great preponderating armaments are henceforth to continue and here and there to be. built up and maintained. This statesmen of the world must plan for peace and nations must adjust and accommodate their policy to it as they have planned for war and made ready for pitiless contest and rivalry. The question of armaments, whether on land or sea, is the most immediately and intensely practical question connected with the future fortunes of nations and of mankind. Time for Frankness. "I have spoken upon these great matters without reserve and with the utmost explicitness because it has seemed to me to be necessary if the world's yearning desire for peace was syiywhere to find free voice and utterance. Perhaps I am the only person in high authority amongst all the peoples of the world who is at liberty to speak and hold nothing back. I am speaking as an individual, and yet I am speaking also, of course, as the responsible head of a great government, and I feel confident that I have said what the people of the United States would wish me to say. "May I not add that I hope and believe that I am in effect speaking for liberals and friends of humanity in every nation and of every program oi imerty? I would fain believe that I am speaking for the silent mass of mankind everywhere who has yet had no place or opportunity to speak their real hearts out concerning the death and ruin they see to have come* already upon the persons and the homes they hold most dear. "And in holdine out the exnertatirm that the people and government of the United States will join the other civilized nations of the world in guaranteeing the permanence of peace upon such terms as I have named I speak with the greater boldness and confidence because it is clear to every man who can think that there is in this promise no breach as a nation, but a fulfillment rather of all that we have professed or striven for. "I am proposing, as it were, that the nations should with one accord adopt the doctrine of President Moriroe as the doctrine of the world: That no nation should seek to extend its policy over any other nation or people, but that every people should he left free to determine its own polity, its own way of development, unhindered, unthreatened, unafraid, the little along with the great and powerful. Must Avoid Intrigue. "I am proposing that all nations henceforth avoid entangling alliances which would draw them into competitions of power, catch them in a net ? o. miu^ui; aim semsn rivalry, and disturb their own affairs with influences intruded from without. There is no entangling alliance in a concert of power. When all unite to act in the same sense and with the same purpose, all act in the common interest and are free to live their own lives under a common protection. "I am proposing government by the consent of the governed; that freedom ;>f the seas which in international conference after conference, represent Jif ivnu of oooo 1 ? -..v?v. . v.. w. v * \- v u.-)C nave Willi the eloquence of those who are the convinced disciples of liberty; and that moderation of armaments which makes of armies and navies a power for order merely, not an instrument r>f agression or of selfish violence. "These are American principles, American policies. We can stand for principles and policies of forward looking men and women everywhere, of every modern nation, of every enlightened community. They are the principles of mankind and must prevail." MUSTANG For Sprains, Lameness, Sores, Cuts, Rheumatism Penetrates and Heals. Sfnno Pain Af j t M Mill < Ik VXIIV/t ;j For Man and Beast 25c. 50c. $1. At All Dealers. LINIMENT QUICK LOANS. Money to loan upon county or city eal estate. Loan may be had for from one to twenty years. 39-tf Barron & Barron. The Quinine That Does Not Affect The Head necanse of its tonic and laxative effect, I.AXATIVK BROMO QWNINKis better than ordinary Quinine and does not cause nervousness nor ringing in head. Kememher the full name and look, for the signature of K. W. GKOVH 25C. r '"*i ^ it Savages are content to dwell in a hut with a roof of straw and brush. But it makes mighty poor living. A PuTllifJA/l r. ? AX V1?111/JCU ATICXI 1 UtJ" mands a better protection from the wind and rain. A good roof over one's head is a mark of civilization. A leafy roof is a menace to health and a i great discomfort in rainy weather. We are expert tinners and we will cover your leaky house with a water tight roof. Beauty about it is, we will not charge you an unreasonable price for our good material and our good workmanship. It is a matter of principle with us to give you good value for your money. Remember we are expert Plumbers, also, and 1 .J U ? ?1 - 1 A _ n wuuiu uti giau 10 ngure with you. Union Plumbing & Electric Co. Phone 205-J d England has 100 women working in quarries. WHATIS LAX-FOS LAX-FOS is an improved Cascara (a tonic-laxative) pleasant to take In LAX-FOS the Cascara is improved by the addition of certain harmless chemicals which increase the efficiency of the Cascara, making it better than ordinarv Cascara. LAX-FOS is pleasant to take and does not gripe nor disturb stomach. Adapted to children as well as adults. Just try one bottle for constipation. 50c. MONEY TO LEND on FARM LANDS $300 to $10,000?Twenty years time. See J NO. K. If AMHI.IN Lawyer Office 2nd door East of Postoffice. tf. If Coffee Dis lit POSr ?for over the healtl drink in 1 of homes. Made from prime % wholesome molas: 1) An ideal ft instead of t One Pair o ...Life Are you abusing and you will pay the price lat of all headaches arise fro ^ching, burning eyes that and many other ills are strain. In such cases th< that is an unfailing one? SCHOOL CHILDREN | carefully examined befor< if necessary, fitted with g An examination will cos is no need for glasses I v for glasses are very reas< every pair with an absol tion. F. G. DUKE, 13 Main Street SEVI GOOD SEC FORD For Sale Cheap E. E. b IVELENTOl | fmQu>n>ne Pomade .lAMt HAND and MAKOARKT BLURY wrote ti> Uuiitli-y hid hardly any hair, but alter inlay i Kxelento you can lea the reunite on their picture! Kinky Hair cannot he made straight. ! You Itnvo to have hair before it cuu be . straightened. Now this EXELENTO POMADE P is a Hair Grower which feeds the scalp : and roots of the hair and makes kinky, nappy hair grow long, soft anil silky. It ' cleans dandruff and stops Falling Hair at once. Price 25c by mail on receipt of stamps or coin. 1 AGENT.5 WANTED EVERYWHERE. [ Writ* Kor Partlrulara at Onra KXKLKMTO MEDICINE CO.. Atlanta, Ca. [ ?1?I ????I?I Dr. Virgil R. Hawkins DENTIST OFFICE OVF.R MUTUAL IT?J~_ O p DRY GOODS COMPANY UI1IUI1, O. VI. I agrees I >e I ruM 1 20 years I hful table I :housands I Wheat and a little 8 ses. imily drink ea or coffee* f Eyes to a !, time... neglecting yours? If, so, ;er. More than two-thirds >m eye-strain. Dim vision, * soon tire, granulated lids due to some form of eye jre is but one remedy and -properly fitted glasses. should have their eyes 3 being taxed by study and passes. it you nothing, and if there rill tell you so. My prices 11 _ 1 tr * ' * - jnaDie ana 1 stana DacK of ute guarantee of satisfacOptometrist Union, South Carolina CRAL ONI) HAND CARS On Easy Terms CELLY F360 PICTURES I 360 ARTICLES EACH MONTH Ion all news stands j 4| 15 Cents I POPULAR I MECHANICS ^ | MAGAZINE | F WRITTEN 80 YOU CAN UNDERSTAND IT ? All the Creat Events in Mechanics, !g Engineering and Invention throughout S. the World, are described in an interestJ ing manner, as they occur. 3,000,000 readers each month. tlua Mm*as 20 rnge* each tone tell* aa?y f\ ' *nrt better way* torto thlngoln J the ahop, sod how to make repair* at home J Amatsor Maohanlo* }*??1$ o tdoor I I* aporta and play Largely con at root i?ej tell* > bow to boild bont*. motorcycle*, wireleaa, etc. S FOR SALE BY 15,000 NEWS DEALERS ', Aik your doalor to show you a copy. If not eon?A<l#nt f? to now* aland. ocnd II .M for idr'i tvbocnption. 11) or Mftooa aont* for currant taiuo la the po*li?brra. Cotolocuo of Mrrhanlcal l ook fro* on raqurat. POPULAR MECHANICS MAGAZINE ^ North Michigan Avonuo, Chicago ? Popular Moebanleo of fort no prrmiume; door not join in "elabbinp of fort." and omployt no tolicitorr to <?ur? tubtcriptiont DR. I. MURRAY HAIR Dentist Office: 507 Chapman Building Phone 1569 SPARTAN BURG, S. C.