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THE SUN. NEWBERRY. S. C, FRIDAY. JULY 26. 1940 ■Mi 150 Years Ago Uncle Sam Was Saying: 'I Want You for My Army,' but He Had Much Less to Offer Than He Has Today By ELMO SCOTT WATSON (Released by Western Newspaper Union.) Y OU see it everywhere now—on sidewalk bill boards that stand in front of post offices or in the corridors of other public buildings. It’s a poster in which an arresting figure catches the eye and holds it long enough to deliver this laconic message to the young men of America: It’s a part of Uncle Sam’s campaign to increase one of his arms of defense to a new peacetime strength of 480,000 men. For, if the flames of war leap across the Atlantic and the forces of totalitarian ism threaten his land, Uncle Sam intends to be prepared in time to resist them suc cessfully. One hundred and fifty years ago he was engaged in a similar cam paign, yet how different! There was no such emergency then as now, although Uncle Sam, then but a stripling, had already heard the rumblings of an imminent war across the ocean. More than that, two disasters to his puny army on the western frontier had made him uncomfortably aware of how inadequate he was to de fend the new nation if trouble came to its shores. From its beginnings, the United States has been a peace-loving nation and has figuratively leaned over backwards to avoid any semblance of militarism. The founding fathers, seeing in Europe the results of despotic power sup ported by p strong military estab lishment, resolved that there should be no such thing here to hinder their efforts to establish a government whose power would be derived “from the consent of the governed.” When Washington became our first President two of the prin cipal objectives of his adminis tration were the establishment of a strong financial system and a sound military organization. Al exander Hamilton, his secretary of the treasury, provided the for mer, but Gen. Henry Knox, his secretary of war, had more dif ficulty in securing the latter. Knox prepared a plan for com pulsory military training and service, which Washington recom mended to congress on January 1, 1790. It was not favorably received, mainly because Knox, in his letter of transmittal, said that his pro posed continental militia would protect the country from internal as well as external enemies and he also stressed his opinion that “the government should possess a strong corrective arm.” The secretary’s choice of words was unfortunate, especially at this particular time when con gress was trying to safeguard the liberties of the people by enact ing a Bill of Eights as the first amendments to the Constitu tion. Naturally a proposal for “a strong corrective arm” rang harshly on the congressional ear and Knox’s plan was rejected. First National Defense Bill. On July 1, 1790, Elias Boudinot of New Jersey introduced a .ia- tional defense bill which proposed that the organization and training of our peacetime army consist of grouping all the younger men in special “light infantry com panies” in each regiment of the general militia. If war came, these companies could be assem bled into battalions and regi ments and thus form a new Con tinental army. Similar com panies were to be formed in the other branches of the service and all of them were to have a “sound system of discipline” and be trained under federal supervision. The first congress failed to act on the Boudinot bill and in the first session of the second con gress a similar measure was in troduced by Jeremiah Wadsworth of Connecticut. But before it was finally passed it was so amended and emasculated that Wadsworth himself voted “no” on it. Washington, though greatly dis appointed in this new militia law, nevertheless signed ’t with the Recruiting Instructions jpor ~s£afi(oun fcrAns oj^ i&Z, *— ■ ■ in the c/enviet of ihc Untied iaU*. SIR. rpf ilii ■J kl Pr ■ n —— ^ y,.j ire immediately to commence the recruiting fervice in the Sute of— G<yn*vt SOCtuti The principal rendezvous will be at — cHielcLtt&Utrv^ Q uteCt, »je+vL*i/~ -owe. Tour recruits will be furnilhed by- aj~ 1 with rations, barracks, barrack atenfils, draw and fuel) and alfo with fuch neceflary medicinal sdlftinfe as they may require. vice is fbraetim Gen. Henry Knox, secretary of war, was sending these instructions to his recruiting officers back in 1792. hope that it might be amended later. How worthless was this law was proved two decades later when the nation tried to assem ble an army to repel the invasion of the British in the War of 1812. It failed miserably with the result that the enemy easily defeated the defenders of Washington, cap tured that city and burned the Capitol and the White House. Meanwhile events on the fron tier already had proved that our regular army was inadequate to perform the tasks expected of it. In 1790 it suffered a severe re verse under the leadership of Gen. Josiah Harmar who was sent to subdue the hostile tribes in the Old Northwest. The next year occurred the defeat and rout of the army led by Gen. Arthur St. Clair, the worst military disaster in America since the days of Braddock. These two fiasedes not only resulted in the Indians renewing their attacks on the western settlements with even greater fury but they indicated to an alarmed country how im potent was the new federal gov ernment. More than that, France and England were on the verge of re newing their ancient feud and there was danger of the United States being drawn into it. All of these factors pointed to the urgent necessity of our strength ening our forces for national defense. So Secretary Knox launched his recruiting campaign to obtain a regular army that would be equal to the task of de feating the confederation of tribes which had been formed by Chief Little Turtle of the Miamis. In the light of the present drive to increase our army, the instruc tions to recruiting officers sent out by Secretary Knox in 1792 Mtivx make interesting reading today. Indicative of the difficulties which the federal government was hav ing in those days is the secre tary’s statement that “The re cruiting service is sometimes abused, both as it respects the individuals recruited and the pub lic at large—that is, recruits are unwarily and unworthily enran- gled, contrary to their intentions; such men generally desert the service, at some critical moment, or serve grudgingly, and set bad examples to others; or, unsuit able persons are engaged, who are constitutionally defective and unfit for the hardships incident to a military life ... In order there fore to avoid the errors of this business, the following instruc tions are to serve as the general rules and principles of your con duct.” Knox’s Recruiting Instructions. He then goes on to list the reg ulations governing recruiting. Some of them were as follows: The recruits are to be Inlisted (or three years, unless sooner discharged. Each recruit Is to receive a bounty of Eight Dollars; but no part of this sum is to be advanced until the recruit shall have been fairly inlisted and sworn be fore a Magistrate, according to the form herein prescribed, and then only the said sum is to be advanced in such propor tions as the Judgment of the recruiting oHicer shall dictate, until experience shall in some degree have ascertained the fidelity of the recruit. Every recruitirg officer shall be al lowed the sum of Two Dollars, for the trouble and expence of inlisting each re cruit;—provided however, that such al lowance will not be made for any re cruit who shall desert before he shall march from the rendezvous of the troops in the State where he shall have been recruited. The utmost fairness is to be used by the recruiting officers, in engaging their recruits; no individual therefore Is to be inlisted in a state of intoxication, or to be sworn until after he shall have been inlisted for the space of twenty-four hours. Each recruit (musicians excepted) must be five feet and five inches in heighth, without shoes: he must also be healthy, robust, and sound in his Umbs and body. In all respects; and to ascer tain which he must be thoroughly ex amined, previously to inlh-tment, by a Physician or Surgeon;—but if, notwith standing this direction, a recruit should have any secret disease at the time of his Inllstment, the expence of his cure, If retained In service, shall be deducted from his pay. Each recruit, before he is sworn, is to have distinctly read to him the rules and articles of war against mutiny and deser tion, and relative to the administration of Justice; and also the Act of Congress of the 30th of April 1790, establishing the rations, clothing, and compensation in cases of disability; and the Act of the 5th of March 1792. establishing the pay; after which he is to take the following Oath, before a Magistrate, to wit: ‘T A. B. do solemnly swear (or affirm, as the case may be) to bear true alle giance to the United States of America, and to serve them honestly and faithfully against all their enemies or opposers whomsoever, and to observe and to obey the orders of the President of the United States of America, and the orders of the officers appointed over me according to the articles of war." Each recruit (musicians excepted) must be above eighteen and under forty five years of age. No negro, mulatto, or Indian, to be recruited. All the recruits, if possible, to be na tives of fair conduct, or foreigners of good character for sobriety and fidelity, and who have been some years In the country. Any recruiting officer Inllstlng a vagrant, or transient person, who shall desert before marching from the place of rendezvous, shall reimburse out of his pay the loss sustained by such deser tion—It is therefore important that the officers be attentive on this point, as a compliance with this order will be rigidly exacted. The public interests will be better served by a small army of brave, robust, and faithful soldiers, than by a multitude of vagabonds. As soon as the recruits shall be as sembled at the rendezvous, they are to be taught, by gentle methods, regularity of conduct, as It shall respect cleanli ness of their persons, diet and rooms, and also due subordination, and they are to be exercised at least four hours in every day, in the attitudes and other first principles of a soldier. Qualifications Today. Compare with those specifica tions laid down by Henry Knox, the qualifications for enlistment in the regular army today: Applicants must be between the ages of 18 and 35 for original enlistment, unmarried, without other dependents, and those un der 21 must have the written con sent of parents or guardians; they must be at least five feet four inches in height, and weigh not less than 115 pounds; they must be of good moral character as evidenced by written testimoni als from reputable citizens of their respective communities; they must be in good health and free from incapacitating or dis figuring deformities; they must be citizens of the United States by birth or naturalization at the time of enlistment; and they must be able to pass certain in telligence and literacy tests pre scribed for the regular army. Monthly rates of pay for the several grades as prescribed by law at present are as follows: Master sergeant, $126 to $157.50; technical sergeant, $84 to $105; staff sergeant, $72 to $90; sergeant, $54 to $67.50; corporal, $42 to $52.50; private, first class, $30 to $37.50; private, $21 to $26.25. The first figure given in each in stance is the pay of the grade during the first four years of service. This amount is in creased by 5 per cent every four years, until a total of 25 per cent has been added. In addition to the foregoing, numerous special ists ratings are provided for pri vates and privates, first class, whereby their pay is materially increased. In addition to these monthly wages, Uncle Sam furnishes clothing, food, housing and free medical and dental treatment. In view of all these facts it is easy to understand why he is hav ing a greater and readier re sponse to his “I want YOU for the United States Army” than he would likely have had if it had been uttered back in 1792! A S A rule we can usually check on this date just where the leaders belong and who should dominate the remainder of the campaign. It doesn’t happen to work in that di rection this passing year of 1940. When we have Max Baer and Tony Galento fighting to see which entry will be tossed in against Joe Louis, you get a general idea of the heavy weight matter. Which means that Joe Louis is still the main standout, al most the only stand out in sport today. This goes for all sports. A year ago the Yankees were again running away with the American league pennant. But not this season. Back in April Bimelech was picked as another wonder horse. He still tops the three-year-olds, but he isn’t any wonder horse. Two de feats, including the Kentucky Derby, have ent into his laurel collection. Grantland Bice With Challedon under repairs, with Kayak sick, there have been no top handicap horses. One wins, and then another. Again no stand outs. Some three-year-old, maybe Bim elech, will have to hurry to save the crop. The golfers have been in the same fix. Byron Nelson failed in his 1940 defense of the title as Lawson Little moved in. With the confidence de veloped from this victory Little may set another smoking pace, such as he put through in the amateur divi sion. But he is in a much tougher league now. Anyway, the ex-ama teur star has a great chance to be come one of the outstanding figures of golf. He has a tough title to defend when you must beat off 1,100 chal lengers in place of one or two. This, in a way, is all the better for building up public interest. Yanks Now on Short End Take up the difference shown in the American league race. A year ago we had only the Yankees—prac tically losing the rest of the league. Now we have four ball clubs with a chance, and the Yankees have only an outside chance. Rated 1 to 3 when the season opened, they are far from being fivorifei with the race about half run. This has trebled in terest in Cleveland, Detroit and Bos ton, as well as other cities. A race, to the mob, is always more interesting than a runaway. Bill McKechnie’s Reds represent the most consistent combination in baseball for 1939 and 1940. They were leading the league a year ago, and they are still the team to beat for 1940. They have more opposition this sea son than they faced last summer. But they are still the most consistent ball club at the half-mile post. They have the better pitching, day in and day out, to call upon. BUI McKechnie Tennis Crop Blighted Amateur tennis had little left when Don Budge retired. With Wimble don and the Davis Cup eliminated, tennis had to take one on the point of the chin. The game is still looking for some personality—such as McLoughlin, Bill Johnston, Bill Tilden, Ellsworth Vines or Budge. There is no such party around at this writing. So far the crop is colorless. In baseball, the slump of DiMag- gio, Dickey and others has been offset by such pitching stars as Bob Feller and Buck Newsom. There is only a sUght chance that any home-run hitter will reach the 50 mark. FeUer has the best chance to pick up 30 victories and he may reach this highly desirable spot. Bob Feller might easUy be base ball’s standout for the present year —a star pitcher hooked up with a leading baU club. But when you sum up the list the one outstander—the lone eagle in the sporting eyrie—is still Joe Louis. He is champion of the champs. And this goes for all the sporting fields we know today, horse or man, or man or horse. Not only as a fighter but in the way he has con ducted himself, Louis is practically all alone. Only a big upheaval through the remainder of 1940 can change this rating or ranking. Buck Newsom Rides Again No one can say that Louis Norman (“Buck”) Newsom hasn’t seen his share of baseball scenery. In th« last 12 years Buck has played with at least 12 different teams in six or seven leagues, and here he is today burning up the American with a varied assortment of wares. Buck was bom in Hartsville, S. C., 32 years ago. He had to wander a long time to reach his peak. His first and tallest upward lunge took place two years ago when he won 20 ball games for the Browns. Household Ncius IK1L metse- SERVE A SUCCULENT STEW (Recipes Below) There’s something so homey and tasty about a good stew, that most folks feel cheated unless a stew of one sort or another appears on the family table fairly regularly. There are stews and stews, of course—lamb stews with feathery light dumplings and an assort ment of vegeta bles to add flavor (and vitamins!); hearty Mulligan stews; and stews of chicken that masquerade under all sorts of fancy names. There are even “Cinderella Stews,” which start out as leftovers and end up as a well-seasoned one- dish meal. Remember that “serving a stew” is an economical measure, and a time-saving one, as 49611. Stews and meat pies usuaUy make use of the less expensive cuts of meat. Their preparation is simple, and they make a satisfying “One-dish meal,” indeed. Lamb Stew With Mint Dumplings. Vi cup butter 2 Vi pounds lamb (cut in pieces) 4 cups boiling water 1 tablespodn salt Vi teaspoon pepper % cup carrots (sliced) 3 cups potatoes (cut in cubes) 3 onions (sliced) IVi cups tomatoes (canned) Vi cup flour Vi cup cold water Heat butter in large saucepan. Add meat and brown. Add boiling water, and seasonings; cover. When boiling, reduce heat and simmer 1V& hours. Add vegetables and continue cooking slowly for 1 hour. Mix flour and water to a paste and add slowly. Cook, stirring constantly until thick ened. Increase heat and when boil ing vigorously add dumplings. Mint dumplings: 2 cups bread flour 2 teaspoons baking powder 1 teaspoon salt Vi cup lard 2 tablespoons fresh mint or pars ley (chopped) Vi cup milk (approximately) Sift together dry ingredients, cut in fat and add chopped mint. Add milk and mix gently with a fork. Drop by spoonfuls into boiling stew. Cover and continue to steam for 15 minutes without lifting the cover. One-Dish Sunday Dinner. For a practical, one-dish meal that can be left simmering while one is in church on Sunday, chicken rice pilaff is unsurpassed. Cut a 3-pound chicken in pieces and fry in butter to a golden brown. Add salt and pepper to taste. When nearly brown drain off all but Vi cup fat, add an onion, finely sliced, a little chopped parsley and Vz of a bay leaf and fry 10 minutes longer. Wash 2 cups rice and spread over the chicken; add 4 cups boiling water, one small sliced tomato (or 2 tablespoons canned to matoes) and 1 teaspoon salt. Stir gently; cover, bring to a boil and then simmer for one hour. A small family might have the best parts of the chicken fried one day, and the rest cooked this way the next day, using only 1 cup of rice and 2 cups of water. Lamb Riblet Stew. (Serves 4 to 5) 4 pounds lamb riblets (rib ends of breast of lamb) 4 tablespoons fat 3V4 cups water 1 tablespoon salt V4 teaspoon pepper 5 medium size onions (peeled) 5 medium size potatoes (pared) 3 carrots (scraped, and cut in halves lengthwise) Have butcher remove breast bone from breast of lamb, and cut be tween rib ends to form finger-like pieces. Wipe meat with a damp cloth, dry, and brown in hot fat. Drain off the fat, and add 3V4 cups of water to the meat. Cover, and simmer for one hour. Add season ings and the onions, cover, and cook for 30 minutes. Then add potatoes and carrots. Cover, and cook for 30 minutes longer. Pour off he gravy, and add a tablespoon of flour mixed with 2 tablespoons of cold water to form a paste. Cook, stirring con stantly, until the gravy thickens. Ar range lamb riblets in the center of a serving platter with the vegeta bles around the sides. Pour gravy over top. Creole Chicken Gumbo File. 1 4-pound chicken Flour, salt, pepper Vi pound lean ham 2 tablespoons lard or butter 1 onion (chopped) 1 sprig thyme 1 bay leaf 1 tablespoon parsley (minced) Garlic, amount you like, rub bowl V« red pepper pod, without seeds Boiling water 1 dozen shrimp or more Creole Gumbo File Clean and cut up chicken as for a fricassee. Dredge with flour, salt and pepper. Cut ham into small dices. Place lard or butter in sop kettle or deep stewing pot and when hot put in the chicken and ham. Cover close ly and brown for 5 to 10 minutes. Then add onion, parsley, garlic and thyme, stirring occasionally to pre vent burning. When nicely browned, add boiling water just to cover chicken. Add bay leaf broken very fine—and red pepper pod. Lower flame and allow Gumbo to simmer gently until chicken is tender—2 to 4 hours. Remove carcass and bones. Just before serving, add 2 dozen shrimp, diced. Heat through thor oughly. Remove from flame and add Vi tablespoon to 2 tablespoons of Gumbo File. Brunswick Stew. Put one gallon of water in a large iron pot, bring to a boil, and add one tablespoon of salt. Add one onion minced fine, one pint of shelled butter beans, six potatoes peeled and sliced, six ears of corn cut from the cob, one-half pound of fat salt pork or bacon cut into shreds, one- half teaspoon each of black and cay enne pepper. Two squirrels or one large fat hen, disjointed and soaked in cold water to draw the blood out, are next thrown into the pot. Cov er closely and stew very slowly for two hours, stirring occasionally from the bottom. Stew one hour longer, add two teaspoons of white sugar and one quart of tomatoes peeled and sliced. Ten minutes be fore serving add one-fourth pound of butter cut into bits and rolled in flour. Bring to a boil again and serve on soup plates with dry rice. This is a dish men like and one they can excel in preparing. Mulligan Stew. (Serves 6) 1 medium size can corned beef— minced 1 onion — minced fine 1 No. 2 can peas with liquid 1 medium size bottle tomato catsup 1 cup water Salt and pepper to taste Put all ingredients in saucepan and simmer gently over low flame for about one hour. The flavor im proves with the length of cooking time. Get This New Cookbook Now. You as a homemaker—of course— want to serve to the man of your family the food he likes best and it is for that reason that you should immediately secure your copy of this new 48-page cookbook entitled, “Feeding Father.” This book contains almost 150 rec ipes, and among them you will find such tested men’s favorites as a rare old recipe for plum pudding, strawberry shortcake, deep dish ap ple pie, Boston brown bread, ham cheese rolls, baked stuffed pork chops, spare ribs with apple stuffing, barbecued steak, oven fried chick en, etc., etc. To secure your copy, send 10 cents in coin to “Feeding Father,” care of Eleanor Howe, 919 North Michi gan Avenue, Chicago, Illinois. (Released by Western Newspaper Union.) CLASSIFIED DEPARTMENT MATCH BOOKS Hawaii! Matchbook collectors! 100 all dff* ferent unused from Paradise Isles, dollar. 50 different U. S. navy. 91. Dave Kobliek* *448-2 Prince Edward. Honolulu. Hawaii. AROUND THE HOUSE A little milk added to the blue water used for lace curtaina will launder them beautifully. • • • Quick bread batten should not be beaten. The flour should be stirred with the liquid only enough to dampen the flour so no dry floor is visible around the edges of the bowL It is not necessary to beat a batter until every lump disap pears. Thicker batten require e little more stirring than thinner ones, but no beating. • • • . Broiled tomato slices not only decorate but also improve the fla vor of steak or chops. • • • U you have over-salted the soup, peel a potato and put several slices into the soup. Boil it for a few minutes and the potato will ab sorb the salt. • • • Never use water that has been boiled before or has been standing in the kettle to make tea. Draw fresh cold water and let it boil f6r the first time. Water that has boiled before tastes flat, because the air has gone out of it. . • • A layer or two of blotting paper put over grease spots on the waH, and a warm iron laid on top of them, will often take away the marks. Strange Facts 1 Change Our Weight Tuxedo* in Prison Interest in Canada \ C. Various parts of the human body have different normal tem peratures, and the body as a whole changes in weight from minute to minute. C. On some festive occasions in Sing Sing prison, such as the an nual Christmas show, the inmates who participate are allowed te wear their tuxedos. <LOne pigment, anthocyanin, makes some cornflowers blue, oth ers bordeaux-red or rose-red, and dahlias deep red, this variation in color being due to the different degrees of acidity and alkalinity of the cell sap. O. Although Canada’s population is no greater than that of the met ropolitan area of New York city, Arxferican industry has $4,000,008)- 000 invested in that country and controls nearly 2,000 of its compa nies, half of which are manufac turing plants.—Collier’s. E Mosquito Bites, quick rub PENITRO 7W SJ! For Good Reputation The way to obtain a good repu tation is to endeavor to be what you desire to appear.—Socrates. H ^r NERVES? Cranky? Restless? Can*t aleeo? Tirseaafly? Worried due to female functional disorders? Then try Lydia E. PinkhanTs Vegetable Compound famous for over 60 years la helping such weak, rundown, ascsssi women. Start todaj/I Man’s Wealth A man’s true wealth is the good he does in the world. ioBQUNE T Giving Comfort A clear conscience is as a soft pillow to rest upon. *^50* ’BJiinQ^^^BCessedRellet R H E U M ATI 5 M lum bag □ MORE FOR TOUR M • Read the advertisements. They are more than a selling aid ior business. They form an educational system which is making Americans the best- educated buyers in the world. The advertisements are part oi an economic system which is giving Americans more for their money every day. o N E Y