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THE PEOPLE'S JOURNAL VOL 'o.-NO. 1. PICKENS. S. C., THURSDAY, JANUARY 17: 190'. ONE DOLLAR A YEAR GOVERNORI Reviewing tk in the Industrial Progres: Advanc Gentlemen of the General Assembly: I It is gratifying to tme to welcome 1 you as the representatives of the peo. kle under such favorable conditionB. on come as the flret, Legislature to assenble in South Carolina in the new century. The Nineteenth centnry has been one of marked progress and de- I velopment in all the arts and sciences, and it contains lessens which we may learn with profit to ourselves and which may be of use to us in legislating for the future. Those who constituted the first Legislature one hundred years ago little dreamed of the advance in all lines of industry and of the discov cries and inventions which have signal ized the century just passed into his tory. We cannot realize or even con ceive the advances that will be madeI during this century upon which we are entering. There seems to he almost no lititit to the achievements of the human mind. It is for us to contrib ute our part to make the world better and happier by our having lived in it and to leave to our children a goodly heritage and a name untarnished. It is your privilege to meet and to coun sel with one another and to consider and enact such laws as will be of hene fit not only to the pr sent, but to the future growth and development of this I grand old common wealth. The march of material progress ard the development of the State, to which I 1 had the pleasure to refer one year 1 ago in greeting the members of the 4 Legislature, has kept up with steady i and sure step. The bisiness depres- I sion through which the people bad i passed and which was almost unprece- I dented seems to have been followed by a revival which is touching all branches < of industry. rhe increased price which i our farmers have received for their staple crop makes large amends for the falling off in the yield. Our farmers i are learning the importance of diversi flied farming and in consequence are becoming more independent. You need no better evidence of the progress and prosperity of the State than that presented in the figures con tained in the annual report of the Sec retary of State. From this report it will be seen that approximately lifteen million dollars were invested the past year in South Carolinacompanies; and while a large proportion of it is in cot- i ton mill building, yet, many smaller i manufacturing enterprises and indus- I tries have been organized. I New manufactorics continue to go I up and we are no longer simply an ag- I ricultural people, but are fast becom-I ing as well a manufacturing State. We I now lead all Southern States in the I manufacture of cotton goods and( are] second only to Massachusetts in the numb~er of spindles, and at the presenti 'ate of progress will soon lead all the tates in the Union in this important anch of industry. It is well to keel) 3 fact in mind as you deliberate. 'Taxable values have icreased $4, 245,695 during the past year, as will LX be seen from the Comptroller General's report, but the increase is not near as large ats it should be or would lbe if our system of assessment and taxation A ~ were so revised and amendled as to have placed on the tax books all the property of the State now escaping taxation and if that which is assessed were equitalbly assessed. Peace and good ordler have chiarac . terized our plel durm'ig the past year. We have not been visited by plague or pestilence and( no resort to mob) vio ~~ ~ lonce has nmarred1 the record or stainedl the fair name of the State, though in *one or two cases the strong arm of the iobtthe majesty of (lie law was mantindand no 1b100( was shedi. In on aethere was strong provocation sistance oftemilitary the culprits were protected, lawlessness was pre vented, anc. through the ordinary chan nets of the courts stern justice will be administered and the pienalty p~aid1. You as the chosen representatives * of (lie people should guard with jeal eus eye their interests and welfare which have been comumittedi to youir keeping, remembering always the re sp)onsiblily which rests upon you. P IOPULARL EDIUATiON. Not the least gratifying evidence of our progress is the remarkable awaken ~& ~ ing in all deopartments of education. At the beginning of the century just closed the civilized worldl knew no such thing as a State system of edhuca tion; and1 in many quarters, until a comparatively recent date, the position of those wvho advocatedl free public education as a legitimate function of State government was stubbiornly con tested, lI~e opposition ini our State being largely (tue to peculiar racial and social conditions. State education is now the settled p)olicy oif our count ry, feing recognized as both a function and a duty of the government; andl itI may well be questioned whether the nineteenth century has made a more important contribution to the cause of democracy gandl civilization. Since 1870 the nublic expenditure for com 3 MESSAGE. te Conditions State. s and Educational ement. 1on schools ill the lUnited States has uiearly trebled, being now $2.67 per ::apita of iGpllation, or an aggregate f $200.000,000 annually. It is a principle now well recognized that the afety of the government itself re wuires that it give its citizens the op. portunity to fit themselves for an inl telligent discharge of their duties to the State. I Encouraging reports come from the ichools and colleges of our own State, indicating that they live entered upon Ali era of' unexampled prosperity. Aud yet much remains to be done to in ::rease the elliciency of outr public ichools. The first essential is teachers f high moral character and adequate professional equipment. Our teachers lave better opportuities for profes ional training than ever before, and hey show a higher average of intelli renice 1111d lrfesional fitness; but ]hey are too often poorly paid for their services, and the best results Cannot be nxpected until the schools, instead of Idvertising for bids from teachers, >ffer adequate pay and demliand good lualifications. Tile complaint is made, and not ui justly, that our school system is not well articulated; that no provision has 3een made to fill the gap between the m1111101 school and the. college, and Ahat the college Ilust therefore main ai a preparatory department. While t is true that very few of those who niter the common school ever reach Ahe high school and fewer still the col ege, yet those who desire to fit them elves for college should have the op ortulity to do so in their own schools. 1'his deficiency has beei met, in many >f the towns and mll Some of the couil ,ry districts by tile erectiOn of graded schools: but ill most of tile country tchools inadequate preparatory t raili ng is offered. ;'The result is that many >f the c(Iuntr'y IIlpupils who desire ito :ompete for scholarships in the State :olleges or who desire to enter college tre at i ilanifest disadvantage, and nust either employ Some one to coach ,hem or must attend a prepartory t.hool or graded lschool ill town, at a 1onlsiderable outlay for hoard and tui iol. The iportance of levying all addi ,ional tax for the mupport of the cn0111111-y schools cannot he too strongly urged pon our people. This will enable Aem to employ competent teachers for .onger teris; it will enable them to ;ive their children elementary ald preC )aratory training at home; and it will tind to cheek tile abnormal flow of population from tile country to the Lown; it. will be beneficial from every point, of view. While it is pos sible for tile graded schools to becomle too mlechlanical and( inelastic, thle irre gullarlit~y iln attendan~ce at tihe countr1y chools renders it impossible to have gradled inlstructionl 'Ir systemalitic work. Since the State offers free educaltionl inl order thlatI its ple(Oll may be fitted for the (duties of citizenship, it is worthy of consideration whether, witin pro per1 limits of term and1 age, it should1( not reqjuire attenldancee at the4 schools. The1l ideal is a well articulat ed systenm extending from) primary grade to col lege; at least 011e well equipped school in every conmmunity, accessilhe to: every citizein of' schlool age; ai termIl of at least eighlt mlonlths, and1( tihe require mlent that within reasonlable limits, the commhlunity avail itself' of tihe adi vantages oflered bly the p~ublic; a coun11 ty board of edulcationl remlovedl from local prejudices, charged with the (duty of assigning teachers to vacanlt schools and of inlspectin~g the schools. At a later pleriodl each school should be equipped with a circulating library an~d shou11ldC b elrear'ed to give technieal traininig in fle indul~strial arts. We are far fr'om tile ideal, but 0121 schools are mlakinlg gratifying progress; and4 the whole subject has been muclh em1 barassed by tile race problem. WVe should1( address ourselves faithfully to tile dlevelopmienlt of tile system. "Thie glory of founding ediucationlal systems cann~ot be( our1s; but tile etlfoi t for im p~rovemenlt, by3 bulilding wise pra'lctice uponi sound1( thecory, is withmii tile rclh of each one( of us." Whatever you eff'ectively do for the implrovement of our eduncationlal systemi will be s0 much(31 wisely conttribuitedh to the welfare of' tile State and1( tile advanlcemenlt of civi bzation. Thie 10ep0: 11he Staite suplerinit (en (lent of' edutcationl will acqulaInt you fully and11 in detail withl tile cond1itionl and1( needs(1 of 0our schols. Tisi report con1ta1ins aL full and( in telligent disculssionl of tile whole 5sub ject of the commIIonl schools0 and thiose tings whlichl are niecessary to make them mlor'e efllcient. In the estitma1 tionl of tile State superinitend~ent one of the most, pressing 11eeds1 of the c30111 try schools Is better supervision of tile work dlope. Thlis is a very impllortanit matter Rhid cannot be too stronigly im1 pre'ssed(. T1o secure it, h~owever, it is necessary to have andl to spenid mlore money, so thait 21en1 trainied for tile work could be employed. The salary of county nunnprininendonta rangns frno $300 to .600, while the town Superin tendents receive O 9100 and upwards and their fields of supervision are in. comparably smaller and far less com plex, and hence their responsibilities tire less. And yet unless the selection of the1 county superintendents could be made on account of merit. and regard less of personal or political ailiations and not be subject to change upon the political whims of a changing public sentiment, increased pay would not be a guarantee of efliciency in the man agement of the country schools. The management of our schools should be as far removed from )olitical influences as possible and men1 should be put in charge who are devoting their life to the work. The olice of county super intendent of education being an clec tive oflice, only as the people come to realize the importance of effiiency and competency as essential qualifications in the man who tills it, can we hope for or expect good results. Very few men have the courage to run counter to public sentiment and all are more or less influenced by those things which affect their own interests. Pro vision should be made as already sug gested for a county board of education selected in such way as not to be inl Iluencod by local or political prejudice, who would have the duty of inspecting the schools and appointing teachers to vacant schools. There is no more im portant subject to demand your most carciml and earnest attention than the education of tle children of the State. The country common lschools for white children Were kept openi on an average during the past year for 21 weeks and the negro schools for 15 weeks. The previous year tile white schools averaged 19 weeks and the col'red schools 14 1-2 weeks. The en rollment ill the white schools during the past year was 126 ,289;, in tile colored schools, lt,5,602; total 281,81. For the previous year the enrotlmet was: Whit es, 123,:1.8; negroes, 1-16,-177; total 219,875. It will be seen that we are making progress slowly. The town schools in nearly every case run foir:lt weeks. It does not seem to mile that the count ry people should be satisfied with less for their children. The expenlities for white schools during the last year were $700,540.60, while during the year previous they were $576,35:.2(; for the ngro schools last year, $202,178 913, and the year previous $193,461.319. l'his shows som1e gain inl the matter of expendi tures for common school education. Bit when we consider that, the enroll inent is constantly Increasing, thus calling for the employment of more teachers, and whei we consider that our schools now run only 21 weeks when the regular school term through out the country is considered to be at least I6 weeks, it is borne to our minds that we have yet to spend considerably more money oil our schools iU we would bring them iu) to what onr people ex peet and ought to expect. There were 31,270 white teachers and 2,2941 negro teachers in the schools last year against 3,000 white teachers and 2,003 negro teachers the previous year-a gain of 270 white teachets and 2111 negro teachers. gi:ESTION OF CI!Ln LAnOR. The question of child labor in our cotton muils is one that has been at tracting a great deal of attention re cently, and propcily so. Conditions ill this State0 have changed very much in the last few years. We are no0 longer simp)ly an agricultural 1)0ople. With tile rapid growth inl maufitactmling en terprises we are alreadly a large manu facturing State. Tihe relation between the labor that is emlployed in these en terprises and tihe employer is not mere ly' onie of master and servaint, but there are righlts amid privileges andl duties, obligations aind op~portunities, on both sidIes which should be carefully guard. ed1. There has been 1no conilict between emp~loyer and laborer in) this State and nothing should be dlone to disturb the amicable relations whlichi now exist. Glovernmnent recogiuizes the tact thant it is the dluty of the strong to cal e for and~ p)rotect the weak. it, is certainly thie right and~ the privilege of govern ment to providIe for the inspection of any and( all enterp~rises or corporat ionis deriving their life from thie State and to see that they do niot impose08 upon01 tihe weak. Of course this should be done with a proper regardl for the prop. erty rights of (lie coiporations. T1here is no0 dloublt thle emiployment aind conlstant, labor of chiildlren of teni dler age in our factories is injurious to (t1e1m arnd wvill result in untold( injury in t he future. To inter fere wi .h (lie govelinmlent of the family by legislatioin is dlangerous. And on the other hiandl unless something is (lone to p~rotect the teinder children of vampire parenlts who sp~end( their time it) idleniess arnd live ofTY(lie labor of their little children who are reqmi~red to work in our muills from year to year without, tile adlvan~tages of school, (lhe situation for thle future he comes alarm ing. To force t hese chiil dlren out of the nmll and make no0 provis ion for their attendanimce upon)1 school, buit to allow t hem to spenid their t imo in idleness on (lhe streets presenits al most. as alarming ani aispect as to per mit them to lab~or. Inl a great miiany of our mills (lie odlieers andl mianagers hlave provided schools and teachers and libraieis and chimrches at (lie expense of (lie stockholders, and some of them will not, employ chtlren under twvelve years of age anid they require the par ents of such children to send (lhe clii dIrenl to school. T1hiis is (lhe tetidency in all thre mnils,in this State. Th'lese chil dIren) should be protectedl buit it is nlot. well that hey should be idle, mind 1 doubt. thi wisdom of a rigid law laidl dlown bi (lie L egislature prohibiting absolutely their employmnent, It woil lbe better rather that all children be. tween) the ages of seven andl thirteen vaara wihnan parents or uardians work in a lextile manufactory should he re. quired to attend school during the school term, if this can be done under our constitution without extending compulsory education to the State. This would permit them during the vacation to relieve older sisters or brothers and give themi a little rest and not take the ieans of support from the family, and at the same time accomplish the cud sought-the pro tectio) and the education of the chil dren of the mill districts. But better to have a prohibitory law as to child labor than that. nothing should be done for the piotection of these children. Th mill owners themselves realize the danger of child labor and are doing what, they can to fore attendance upon schools and to keep the children out of the mills, and a law making attendance upon school compulsory would have their cooperation and accomplish the desired results. ' ith our present manufactuting interests and their con stant increase tis becomes a serious question and deserves your imost er. est consideration. It. should he con sideied without prejudice or passion and by counseling wilh those who are interested I am sure a wise solution canl be reached. TI K STATIC's LIgOn iI "i'S I N Is. The dispensary ha1is been wel imain age(d during the past year, as the state ment of the board of directors and the State comniissioner, which will he sub, imitted to you, will show. The dispensary system an id tile mInI. agement of the liquor question have oc cuipiedl much of the attention of each legislature since the system was in augurated. The dispensary I;-, also beCeI in issue iII every campaign inl the State sitnce it was passed and hiis been more strongly opposed possiyiv than an v Ather law that, was ever placEd on the statute books of the State. E'very argument that could be brought to bear against it has been presented by some of the ablest intellects of the State, and yet after a thoroigi canvass of each county and presentation of the case to the people the system has been cindorsed by decided majorities oi four different occasions aind tte piniple is ieorporated in our organic law. Uinder the Constitution the Legisla ture may license individuals or cor porations to sell under tihe rules and regulations governing the dispensary, or it may prohibit the sale and manu facture of liquors. Both of these plans have been thoroughly and exhaustively argued and advocated before the pein. ple and the verdict every tiime has been decidedly in favor of the (dispensary under the management of the State. This referenee is made to emphasize what smems to me to be thl duty 01 every patriotic citizen who loves his State and believes inl democratic doe trine and republican institutions, and that (ltity is to submit to the voiCe of the people and go to work earnestly and conscientiously to improve anl perfect a law which hais received so many endorsements from those whom it directly concerns. The courits have held that undler the police regalations the -state has a right. to take charge of the sale of whiskey. The question when reduced to its last analysis is not one of priuciple but of expediency. What is the b'st method of dealing with this evil so as to secure the best results ? That is the question. The present system, as it may be ii-roved from time to time, is the best solutiotn yet devised, and is grow ing ill public favor ;miuch of the lpre judlice that has existed against tI ie law is being removed, andl many of those who oppose the system are in favor of the enforcement of the law. As pub lice sentiment growvs in its favor it will boecasier to enforce it. The mayors and1 inteiilanits of the towiis andl cities (if the State, in response to a circular which I issued during November, state that the law is well enforced and that the seutiment of thne townus is for a strict ciiforcementI. The excepitions arc the cities of Columbia and Char leston and~ a few counties ini which the sale of whiskey is prohiibited by law. In fail in those couinties mi which no dlispe nsaries are estaldishedl it would conduce to a better enftorcemeiit of law and there would be less illicit sale of whiskey if dispensaties were eslah lishedl. In the cities nanied thIie dix penlsaryT cannot b~e rigidy en Ciforced so long as piuli seiniieiit uplhold viola tors of the law and grand juries fail to( lind~ true hills aiid petit, juries to con vict whleni cases aire miade and thle evi. (denec furnished. As publ)1ic sentimiet grows in favor of the law ini these cities and~ the prejudice agaiinst it (les away coiivictions for v'iolationts will be had" and~ it, caii then be more! rigid ly en forced . While it is iuportant that the law~ shall riot lbe violated by illicit sale of whiskey, it, is equaiilly impilortant, thiat those chargedl withI its adhilmmist ration shall coinfor~m to its requiremnt s. iif this were mnore uigidly (lone pubdie sen menu. wouild grow more rapuilly in' suppor~it of the system. I doubt if there is a dipieniser uin lie State whi dloes niot violate the law every day, not with any', criminal intent. TJhe law re quires that , "' lefore selling~ or del iv ermng any iintoxicating liquiors to any p~ersoni a requ1nest, muist he presenited t( the county d isphenser, printed or writ teii in irnk, dated of the trite date staitinig that he or she is of age, ami the residence or the signer, for whoni or whose use it is reqluired , the quanti ty and1( kiind required, aunt his or hei true nme; and~ the requtest shall b< signied by the appulicant in his owi true namec andl signature, attested b' the county dispenser or his clerk, wh< receives and tiles the reque(sts. Ilui thle requests shall be refused, If the county dispeniser itig it piersoniall: knows the pierson aplhyinig is a minor that lie Is intoxicated, or that lie is 11 the habit of unincg iinvoientmt liqitot to an1 exces ; or if the applicant is ni( 8o personally known to said count dispenser, before filling said order I deolivring said liquor, he shall requii the statement of a reliable and true worthy person of good character au habits, known personally to him, thip the applicant i4 not a minor, and i not in the habit of using intoxicatini liquors to excess." The county (lie penser takes an obligatian to the effec that he Iwill and another afterward that he does comply strictly with thi provision and all of the other provis ions of the law. It has become customary for count dispenscis to sell to any on1e who apI plies to purchase without being identi fivil (". vithliout Siglmnlig the appilicatiot Sinl 111 onit I rue namii1e ani1d signature' and witliotit stiting I- for whom o: whose use I, is requiril." Ample pro vision is made for the course to 1) pursued for violaitions in tihe adminiis tration ol ihe lai v. Tlie county dis pensers are respoisible to the count; boards of ctntrol and t hey are appoint ed by ithe State board W' directors o the recommeundatin and with the ad vice ndil e-i.usent of the Senator an tepreseimlaives I rom each county That brings ithe c.ise right up to th door o1' thc them me t t ie G( (eicnera Assemblv. Thisis a business matter and a, careful and as prudent business judg ment sniould be exreiseal in the selec tiol if Ih.s - who a.re cha rged with ti adminiistiat ion of i the law as a pruden blusine(ss mnilil we'ddal eM erCise in th<1 selection of thos whom lie woul place mll (11arge of Ise private business Polities and partis iship shoulb h no part inl the seletion. I again comieni to you the udvis ability of abolislitg the comity boardb of control and ol devolving their dutie uiponl the ma11yOrm or intentlants o1 thl towlis and the county supervisors Ol l cointie in which dispensaries are 1o cated. 'I'le towns aInd Counties are di rectly interested in the proper manage ment of local dispensaries, and tl duties thus imposed would not I onerous. I also recommenl tha count, dispensers he elected by the people a other couity officers are elected, for i term of two years. Thoy would thei le responsi.ble to tIe people fer a proi er conduct of the business placed ii their hands. Number of seizures---wiskey, wiu and brandy--,382; uiher of galloni .,1137; beer and ale so'uires 807, i hottles 2,09-1 in kegs 2,006; numh1 of convictions 211; cases sent up I circuit court 31-1 ; amount of lines in: posed :24,560, paid $2,,S70, to jail c chain-gang 144 Total cost, of cot stables $3,170 Gl . From the reIport of the State Boar of Directors it will be seen that the it prolit to the school fund from the IIIs ness for the past year, after expense are Iid, is $176,012 18, and to th towns ai counties $298,16.28. Thi report covers eleven months, as II liscal year has been changed so as I heose Noycinber 3o. In detling with this question I fec sure that, you vill ie guided by a IOv for your Slate and an earnest purpos and I sincere desire to (10 that whic1 will be for the best interests of th greatest numb1er, 1n not be actuate by prejudice Or partisanship. TII STATE PENITENTIARV. The annual report -of :the hoard c dir'ectors and suerIintendlen t of hI peitenitiary shows a most grati fy'in condi~ition of' affairs in this ins~titutioi While 1no moiney will Ibe covered int the State treasury this year, yet'pe: manent impirovemenits have beein ma out of' the net earni'ngs amnoun tinug,i round numbers, to $20,000 and thei is still ai cashi balance on1 lanid for' eu rnt expenses oft abouitt $5,000. In lat dtion to this, the farmis have yielde( corn. and( provisions suflicient .to iru t he institut ion unttil the next cropl: harvested. TIhe utber of con vici rema~ins piractically thle ameW as 0on y'earl ago. A mtodeorn prison , wic was very much neoeded, is nearmilg conl letioni, within thie Walls oIf the peni tentiaury, at a cost of $1-1,50t0. Ini a dlit ion to being a safe prison1, it is bm11 ith a view to the health auid comnfoi of thle pisoners1', ando will bie patid ft (ilot of thet net earnlings of the pienitenit a rv during thle piist year. At the he sessioni of the Ilegislturtte pr~ovisio was mnade for thie (ercetionI of a t for matory for youdthf uil ciminls. nieat andit Hutbstanitial frame sI tucturi foir this piiipose lhas beeni erted ea the I ex ingt on farmti, ill whtich will h kep t till pisoneris under 10; y'ears aige. WVhile it Will lbe the pur tpose< the il)t su eitdent tto furnish them ii struictiont ini moraJls and1,, if poessibhl miake better citiveens of' them who t hey are released, yet t hey will be r< qulired~ to labor~t as other' prisoniers, hi will he kept enitireily siepalrate from tht oloer' and1( mo1 e hiu deneid crim inals. pres'entt t here are only fourteen prisol eri' undlter 1 I; ear's of age, and (lie ate all negroes. A good manity needed and permane811 ihmuirovements have also bieen mad(1( 4 lie State farms, and everything the is no0w ill good clondition1. Th'lere bi bcen somie dIiscui~~on ini regardI to ti adlvisablility of the State owing aii operating farms. A caireful a1 I houghitful investigation of the subjet I dam sure, will convince you that would not be good business judgmne Ito dispose of these farms. It requir only 140 conivicts to operate the fan and iln this way corn and provisioi and other things necessary for t: support of the convicts are made less expense than they coul purchased. It is argued by some th these cotiviets coul be woirked up, the puihc roads. I 8am as heartily y favor of anything that would give ,~ goodl roads as anyone, but I do not S 'I how the State could untdertaike t1 s wnork ennelt thronah the ('ounities. it would be a good plan it those counties y in which chaingangs are maintained >r would so arrange as to secure enough 'e prisoners from the State to keep up a t- good chaingang force all the time. (d From tle best. information available, it and from those who have had ex. s perience wit I chaingangs, it is not pro g fitable, even to the county, to maintain - a chaingang when the number fails t below fifteen. Ini most of the count ios s the average is below that number. 3 The farming out. of convicts to indivi duals should bo discontinued. If this were do11 it would call in .173 convicts who aic now hired out to individuals 1and that number put, on the roads in the Various couties in the State where I chaliganigs aire maintained would in a few years~ igreatly improve our public r roads tid at the same lime not in terfere wit I the State farms. The present system of chaingangs - in most of the counties is a. very v expensive ixury, but by the counties hiring a sullicient nmber of -oil - victs from the State, as suggested I above, we could very sooni have inl - those counties a good system of plibei14 I roads, and nothing coubd hie donle that " would add ilore to the comfort and s 3 Convenienee aind saving to the people i I who live in the rural <istrict-A. A t Bystemt of good roads wouli do very 11 i much to sLop the flow of population f . from tite country to the towns. 'T'he counties could not spelil the public 4 money i r11101 wisely, or with greater v t benelit. to t he public, than by mainitain- i ing a good claingang in each counlty oil perilmnenit, road building. tio'd u roads would bring chur11ches, and t schools, and towlns Closer to every counitry h ome, in addition to the sav- f inig which would result from the wear i and tear upon stock and vehiic!es, mil dI 4 111101 the people themselves. And this - can he done by wise legislation with- I 3 il titeer r i li e least Withli tile I Inatlintgeillivct o4i muiaiitellance of the C - State farins. T111. vV\Flli l'-i.4lAIN oM T.\N.TItIN. GovernmieIlt his m) right to takte more from the piiIeolde 1111 is5 ahi o lutely necessary for :.- wise :nd eco loincal tiulidministratio) of tile talfailrs of the State, ain it shut111141 he s'A takeni that tle blurdenl will hear evenly on all proler..ty. It is thlie dity of every Citizen to (0111i111U.e Iis portion to tlthe support of the g4overiitileit inl pro portion to his ability. This is tle Standard laid dowin ill our constituti in. That taxation des not hecar evenly u1p) all property is patemi to every I hliought Il I personi. If you canl in y4our11 wiisdom devise 11113 plall by which the asessment- of property for taxation ctian he mo14rle equitably mlde and all the propert*y of ilie State canl he placed on .the lax books, 3ou will hlve contri halted much to lightell tihe- burden on that Class of pro)perly w hich in its nature cannot escape .axatiol. lin soile ilf Ihe States tax 11in1pnsi ltors are provided to discover properly thai il itted from the tIx list. There L) is nto doubt that ta great deal of lro() perty escapes taxation Which shoild)1 be oii the hooks and mIade to bear its E portion of tle hin del, and sole plalli should be devised by which this pro. perty cnn be reached. Missouri has adopted i law which provides for the taxatio of mortgages, and tle man who owns tile property halts it assessed at tle value of the property, less the e valie of the mortgatge, and the owner of thle moirtgace IS requlired 1t) 1)1ay taix u iponl the vailueO *of Is miotgage. Somesuchiiroii ini our! laws w.oul b e just and1( eqJuiitable, foir it is not r iight for the owner of pr'oper'ty to pay13 taxes5 up~on the full v'aliue when in Creality his ownershuip is only the vailue of the pr'operty' less dihe value of t he m-iortgaige. it woiihl noqt he right to) dtax the prlopei'ty at its full vahie and1( thntxthe mnortgage, f'or th-'it wvould a 1) pay'ing taXes 1t1pon1 thle satme pro Thi'is questtioni of taxationl is) worithiy iof your1I tten~tionl, for' it is 011e of vitai importance to all of ourF people1. -ONIV A PRIVATF, CITIZIEN. 't Bryan's Speech on Jackson Day. r He Was the. Guest of Honor. ii Mr'. Wmn. J1. lryan was thle guest of n honor at thie 1a1nual baniiquet of the B ryan D)emtierat ie league in Chicago a oni thie 8; h inst. Several hundred c were present, and Mayor' Ilairison ni presi~ded. e Mrli. lryan began speaking aftei' mid4 f night. Ik said: f "I take tis opportuniity to e3xpress5 - [lhe hopie that this club and1( others ,which have horne my namre will sub. ii stitute foir miy name thle name (If sonic .- Democratie saint, 0or a namie de~scr'ip t, [ive of p)raciples rather' than1 men,11 e "'I am no0w a private citizenl with ex i- "'The Demiiocr'atic par1ty' was ne0ver' inl se b etter' tight in g conditionl than11 it is to1 (lay, andl I irejoie~ rlhat I have many it yeara in ii hil.h to1 pairticipalte in the mn struggle betweeni humian rights and the r'e usur~ipationl of gree'd. Our' pairty standls 1s firll efin ed and pos( ~)tivye policies ie and( is priep~ar'ed to wvage all aggressivye d( warfare aigainst the lultocr'atIe tenl d( dlencies of' the evils aginilst wvhich Jef a, ferson conlten1ded a cenltur'y ago, and1( it, again which .1 acksonm fought 310 yeaurs lit later. 5, edy) and1( it cantil0 he apphiied external 11s ly. Th'lo'e who have lost thirI par1ty be standing bec'auise of their desertion of be0 1nes to D emiocraitIe doctrinesC, as8 de .at finedJ~ hv legitimaitte auithoi'ity, mnust re ani umllte wiith the parity be0fore aniy aitrln iln tion will be0 pa1id .1o iheir p1 etentions of 1u8 initerestt. Those wit~tinf the pairt~y lines oc hiave a right 1.to avoice in [lie making us of the platform and change in the or1 rt ganizati ml oft mneihinerv but anv dle.. T4)O p-Oduce the best results n fruit, vegetable or grain, tLhe er!'li,.'r used 111ust (ofta'll 1u<>ug1h iPotash. 'or partic Ikirs See ()ur plamphlets. We eid hliem1 free. (;I;RIAN KAL.1 WORKS, %j NaNau St., New York. red cbingle shall he openly proposed nd fairly presented. Party organiza ons are framed for party govern ients a1n( derive their just powers rimn the consent of the governed. "'hIe defeat of tle party recently utfered onlght to discourage any one Aho believes in the principles set forth Ii the Ksiam City platform, for if ight. when written and endorsed by early six millions and a half of voters, hey are right still. "The Democratic party has been de vated before, but defeat has neither lestroyed its hope nor its tenets. The efeat of 1886, came at the close of an din111istration entirely satisfactory to ho, most anxious to reorganize the milrty, and defeat in 1891, which oc. urred under ia similar administration vras. more disastrous than any since. "We canl face the future with the eiermination to make the -,art~y a aithful exponent of tle views of those ihio believe in equal rights to all and pecial privileges to none. "W her the question of money vill figure prominently in future cam iaign1s vill depend upon circumstances. " hat is desired is a sulicient quan ity of money to keep pace with the de nanwd for miloley. \lonopolies will ultimately become o liirtful that the lepublicaus will no onger he able to defend them. A :olomilal piolicy mu.sLt he repudiated by he American people." MFMORIAL4 TO CONGRUSS. Feading Citizens of Manila Ask Congress for Independence. enit or Teller, of Colorado, created it isation inl tle Unritei States Son te oi the il inst. by presenting a ieiiorial from the Filipinos which de lares that liberty or death is the fate f 8,000,000 people who will never sur ender to American arms. Mr. Teller presented a memorial rom 2,000 'Filipinos and peacefUl in iabitants" of Manila. The memorial vas inl the form of an appeal to the Jongress of the United Sttes, and as Mlr. Teller stated, was "signed per lonally by the leading people of Manila, awyers, bankers and professional men epresentinig the best elements of that It paid a high tribute to the work of A~ginal~do and~ his coadljutori im their mdeilavor to obtaiin independence for the( plel of' the P~hilppines. Iteference was miadle to some of (lie >rincipal events of (lie present revolu jell againist, American authority, thie lhe petition urging that the American .roops had failed to make a serious 3m ,ression upon the revolutionary party. I poiited out that Aguinaldo had leelared be miight lose (lhe hope of 'itoiry, but lie would not lose the hope >f dying f->r the liberty and indepent lenice of his people. It poinits out that the revolutionists upiport practically all the people of the Mhilippines and (declares, though 100 evolutionists be destroyed 1,000 will ise upl to support the light for indepen fence. All of (ho islands of (lie Lrehiipelago, say3s the memorial, are mupporting (lie revolution and they will not~ yield until (lie last drop of Filipino blood has been shedl. Th'le Filipino nation, the memorial 'onitinuies, hearing in mind the history o)f America and its hiumanitarian iloctrines, asks (lhe government of the Unitedl States to cease its persectioni of umen struggling to be free-struggling againlst greater odds and greater wrongs thanu those which inepiredl the fathers of (lie rep~ub)Ie. Th'is~ they ask in the name of Wash ingt on, of Jfeff'erson, of Lincoln, in the namle of justice and in the name of the Glod eternial. Tlhe ap1)1enl declares that autonomy sinmilar to that enijoyedl by Canada or Aust ralia would not, be acceptable to the Filiinos who desire full liberty and~ independn~tce and1 they urge the governiment of (lhe United States to Live' thiem liberty and indlependenCe. When (lie reading of the memorial 'ad been concluded Mr. Teller asked hit it be printed as a document. "[ object,'' adid Mr. Hawley, of ~onniecticuit, "It 1s a treasonable (de mnuciation of our government andl an itack uipon our soldiers." CASTORIA For Infants and. Children. The KInd You Have Always Bought1 Bears the Signaturegg( ~ 7 4