The people's journal. (Pickens, S.C.) 1891-1903, January 17, 1901, Image 1
THE PEOPLE'S JOURNAL
VOL 'o.-NO. 1. PICKENS. S. C., THURSDAY, JANUARY 17: 190'. ONE DOLLAR A YEAR
GOVERNORI
Reviewing tk
in the
Industrial Progres:
Advanc
Gentlemen of the General Assembly: I
It is gratifying to tme to welcome 1
you as the representatives of the peo.
kle under such favorable conditionB.
on come as the flret, Legislature to
assenble in South Carolina in the new
century. The Nineteenth centnry has
been one of marked progress and de- I
velopment in all the arts and sciences,
and it contains lessens which we may
learn with profit to ourselves and which
may be of use to us in legislating for
the future. Those who constituted
the first Legislature one hundred years
ago little dreamed of the advance in
all lines of industry and of the discov
cries and inventions which have signal
ized the century just passed into his
tory. We cannot realize or even con
ceive the advances that will be madeI
during this century upon which we are
entering. There seems to he almost
no lititit to the achievements of the
human mind. It is for us to contrib
ute our part to make the world better
and happier by our having lived in it
and to leave to our children a goodly
heritage and a name untarnished. It
is your privilege to meet and to coun
sel with one another and to consider
and enact such laws as will be of hene
fit not only to the pr sent, but to the
future growth and development of this I
grand old common wealth.
The march of material progress ard
the development of the State, to which I
1 had the pleasure to refer one year 1
ago in greeting the members of the 4
Legislature, has kept up with steady i
and sure step. The bisiness depres- I
sion through which the people bad i
passed and which was almost unprece- I
dented seems to have been followed by
a revival which is touching all branches <
of industry. rhe increased price which i
our farmers have received for their
staple crop makes large amends for the
falling off in the yield. Our farmers i
are learning the importance of diversi
flied farming and in consequence are
becoming more independent.
You need no better evidence of the
progress and prosperity of the State
than that presented in the figures con
tained in the annual report of the Sec
retary of State. From this report it
will be seen that approximately lifteen
million dollars were invested the past
year in South Carolinacompanies; and
while a large proportion of it is in cot- i
ton mill building, yet, many smaller i
manufacturing enterprises and indus- I
tries have been organized. I
New manufactorics continue to go I
up and we are no longer simply an ag- I
ricultural people, but are fast becom-I
ing as well a manufacturing State. We I
now lead all Southern States in the I
manufacture of cotton goods and( are]
second only to Massachusetts in the
numb~er of spindles, and at the presenti
'ate of progress will soon lead all the
tates in the Union in this important
anch of industry. It is well to keel)
3 fact in mind as you deliberate.
'Taxable values have icreased $4,
245,695 during the past year, as will
LX be seen from the Comptroller General's
report, but the increase is not near as
large ats it should be or would lbe if our
system of assessment and taxation
A ~ were so revised and amendled as to
have placed on the tax books all the
property of the State now escaping
taxation and if that which is assessed
were equitalbly assessed.
Peace and good ordler have chiarac
. terized our plel durm'ig the past year.
We have not been visited by plague or
pestilence and( no resort to mob) vio
~~ ~ lonce has nmarred1 the record or stainedl
the fair name of the State, though in
*one or two cases the strong arm of the
iobtthe majesty of (lie law was
mantindand no 1b100( was shedi. In
on aethere was strong provocation
sistance oftemilitary the culprits
were protected, lawlessness was pre
vented, anc. through the ordinary chan
nets of the courts stern justice will be
administered and the pienalty p~aid1.
You as the chosen representatives
* of (lie people should guard with jeal
eus eye their interests and welfare
which have been comumittedi to youir
keeping, remembering always the re
sp)onsiblily which rests upon you.
P IOPULARL EDIUATiON.
Not the least gratifying evidence of
our progress is the remarkable awaken
~& ~ ing in all deopartments of education.
At the beginning of the century just
closed the civilized worldl knew no
such thing as a State system of edhuca
tion; and1 in many quarters, until a
comparatively recent date, the position
of those wvho advocatedl free public
education as a legitimate function of
State government was stubbiornly con
tested, lI~e opposition ini our State
being largely (tue to peculiar racial and
social conditions. State education is
now the settled p)olicy oif our count ry,
feing recognized as both a function
and a duty of the government; andl itI
may well be questioned whether the
nineteenth century has made a more
important contribution to the cause of
democracy gandl civilization. Since
1870 the nublic expenditure for com
3 MESSAGE.
te Conditions
State.
s and Educational
ement.
1on schools ill the lUnited States has
uiearly trebled, being now $2.67 per
::apita of iGpllation, or an aggregate
f $200.000,000 annually. It is a
principle now well recognized that the
afety of the government itself re
wuires that it give its citizens the op.
portunity to fit themselves for an inl
telligent discharge of their duties to
the State.
I Encouraging reports come from the
ichools and colleges of our own State,
indicating that they live entered upon
Ali era of' unexampled prosperity. Aud
yet much remains to be done to in
::rease the elliciency of outr public
ichools. The first essential is teachers
f high moral character and adequate
professional equipment. Our teachers
lave better opportuities for profes
ional training than ever before, and
hey show a higher average of intelli
renice 1111d lrfesional fitness; but
]hey are too often poorly paid for their
services, and the best results Cannot be
nxpected until the schools, instead of
Idvertising for bids from teachers,
>ffer adequate pay and demliand good
lualifications.
Tile complaint is made, and not ui
justly, that our school system is not
well articulated; that no provision has
3een made to fill the gap between the
m1111101 school and the. college, and
Ahat the college Ilust therefore main
ai a preparatory department. While
t is true that very few of those who
niter the common school ever reach
Ahe high school and fewer still the col
ege, yet those who desire to fit them
elves for college should have the op
ortulity to do so in their own schools.
1'his deficiency has beei met, in many
>f the towns and mll Some of the couil
,ry districts by tile erectiOn of graded
schools: but ill most of tile country
tchools inadequate preparatory t raili
ng is offered. ;'The result is that many
>f the c(Iuntr'y IIlpupils who desire ito
:ompete for scholarships in the State
:olleges or who desire to enter college
tre at i ilanifest disadvantage, and
nust either employ Some one to coach
,hem or must attend a prepartory
t.hool or graded lschool ill town, at a
1onlsiderable outlay for hoard and tui
iol.
The iportance of levying all addi
,ional tax for the mupport of the cn0111111-y
schools cannot he too strongly urged
pon our people. This will enable
Aem to employ competent teachers for
.onger teris; it will enable them to
;ive their children elementary ald preC
)aratory training at home; and it will
tind to cheek tile abnormal flow of
population from tile country to the
Lown; it. will be beneficial from every
point, of view. While it is pos
sible for tile graded schools to becomle
too mlechlanical and( inelastic, thle irre
gullarlit~y iln attendan~ce at tihe countr1y
chools renders it impossible to have
gradled inlstructionl 'Ir systemalitic work.
Since the State offers free educaltionl inl
order thlatI its ple(Oll may be fitted for
the (duties of citizenship, it is worthy
of consideration whether, witin pro
per1 limits of term and1 age, it should1(
not reqjuire attenldancee at the4 schools.
The1l ideal is a well articulat ed systenm
extending from) primary grade to col
lege; at least 011e well equipped school
in every conmmunity, accessilhe to:
every citizein of' schlool age; ai termIl of
at least eighlt mlonlths, and1( tihe require
mlent that within reasonlable limits,
the commhlunity avail itself' of tihe adi
vantages oflered bly the p~ublic; a coun11
ty board of edulcationl remlovedl from
local prejudices, charged with the (duty
of assigning teachers to vacanlt schools
and of inlspectin~g the schools. At a
later pleriodl each school should be
equipped with a circulating library an~d
shou11ldC b elrear'ed to give technieal
traininig in fle indul~strial arts. We
are far fr'om tile ideal, but 0121 schools
are mlakinlg gratifying progress; and4
the whole subject has been muclh em1
barassed by tile race problem. WVe
should1( address ourselves faithfully to
tile dlevelopmienlt of tile system. "Thie
glory of founding ediucationlal systems
cann~ot be( our1s; but tile etlfoi t for im
p~rovemenlt, by3 bulilding wise pra'lctice
uponi sound1( thecory, is withmii tile rclh
of each one( of us." Whatever you
eff'ectively do for the implrovement of
our eduncationlal systemi will be s0 much(31
wisely conttribuitedh to the welfare of'
tile State and1( tile advanlcemenlt of civi
bzation.
Thie 10ep0: 11he Staite suplerinit (en
(lent of' edutcationl will acqulaInt you
fully and11 in detail withl tile cond1itionl
and1( needs(1 of 0our schols.
Tisi report con1ta1ins aL full and( in
telligent disculssionl of tile whole 5sub
ject of the commIIonl schools0 and thiose
tings whlichl are niecessary to make
them mlor'e efllcient. In the estitma1
tionl of tile State superinitend~ent one of
the most, pressing 11eeds1 of the c30111
try schools Is better supervision of tile
work dlope. Thlis is a very impllortanit
matter Rhid cannot be too stronigly im1
pre'ssed(. T1o secure it, h~owever, it is
necessary to have andl to spenid mlore
money, so thait 21en1 trainied for tile
work could be employed. The salary
of county nunnprininendonta rangns frno
$300 to .600, while the town Superin
tendents receive O 9100 and upwards
and their fields of supervision are in.
comparably smaller and far less com
plex, and hence their responsibilities
tire less. And yet unless the selection
of the1 county superintendents could be
made on account of merit. and regard
less of personal or political ailiations
and not be subject to change upon the
political whims of a changing public
sentiment, increased pay would not be
a guarantee of efliciency in the man
agement of the country schools. The
management of our schools should be
as far removed from )olitical influences
as possible and men1 should be put in
charge who are devoting their life to
the work. The olice of county super
intendent of education being an clec
tive oflice, only as the people come to
realize the importance of effiiency and
competency as essential qualifications
in the man who tills it, can we hope
for or expect good results. Very few
men have the courage to run counter
to public sentiment and all are more
or less influenced by those things
which affect their own interests. Pro
vision should be made as already sug
gested for a county board of education
selected in such way as not to be inl
Iluencod by local or political prejudice,
who would have the duty of inspecting
the schools and appointing teachers to
vacant schools. There is no more im
portant subject to demand your most
carciml and earnest attention than the
education of tle children of the State.
The country common lschools for
white children Were kept openi on an
average during the past year for 21
weeks and the negro schools for 15
weeks. The previous year tile white
schools averaged 19 weeks and the
col'red schools 14 1-2 weeks. The en
rollment ill the white schools during
the past year was 126 ,289;, in tile
colored schools, lt,5,602; total 281,81.
For the previous year the enrotlmet
was: Whit es, 123,:1.8; negroes, 1-16,-177;
total 219,875. It will be seen that we
are making progress slowly. The
town schools in nearly every case run
foir:lt weeks. It does not seem to mile
that the count ry people should be
satisfied with less for their children.
The expenlities for white schools
during the last year were $700,540.60,
while during the year previous they
were $576,35:.2(; for the ngro schools
last year, $202,178 913, and the year
previous $193,461.319. l'his shows
som1e gain inl the matter of expendi
tures for common school education.
Bit when we consider that, the enroll
inent is constantly Increasing, thus
calling for the employment of more
teachers, and whei we consider that
our schools now run only 21 weeks
when the regular school term through
out the country is considered to be at
least I6 weeks, it is borne to our minds
that we have yet to spend considerably
more money oil our schools iU we would
bring them iu) to what onr people ex
peet and ought to expect.
There were 31,270 white teachers and
2,2941 negro teachers in the schools
last year against 3,000 white teachers
and 2,003 negro teachers the previous
year-a gain of 270 white teachets and
2111 negro teachers.
gi:ESTION OF CI!Ln LAnOR.
The question of child labor in our
cotton muils is one that has been at
tracting a great deal of attention re
cently, and propcily so. Conditions ill
this State0 have changed very much in
the last few years. We are no0 longer
simp)ly an agricultural 1)0ople. With
tile rapid growth inl maufitactmling en
terprises we are alreadly a large manu
facturing State. Tihe relation between
the labor that is emlployed in these en
terprises and tihe employer is not mere
ly' onie of master and servaint, but there
are righlts amid privileges andl duties,
obligations aind op~portunities, on both
sidIes which should be carefully guard.
ed1. There has been 1no conilict between
emp~loyer and laborer in) this State and
nothing should be dlone to disturb the
amicable relations whlichi now exist.
Glovernmnent recogiuizes the tact thant it
is the dluty of the strong to cal e for
and~ p)rotect the weak. it, is certainly
thie right and~ the privilege of govern
ment to providIe for the inspection of
any and( all enterp~rises or corporat ionis
deriving their life from thie State and
to see that they do niot impose08 upon01
tihe weak. Of course this should be
done with a proper regardl for the prop.
erty rights of (lie coiporations.
T1here is no0 dloublt thle emiployment
aind conlstant, labor of chiildlren of teni
dler age in our factories is injurious to
(t1e1m arnd wvill result in untold( injury
in t he future. To inter fere wi .h (lie
govelinmlent of the family by legislatioin
is dlangerous. And on the other hiandl
unless something is (lone to p~rotect the
teinder children of vampire parenlts who
sp~end( their time it) idleniess arnd live
ofTY(lie labor of their little children who
are reqmi~red to work in our muills from
year to year without, tile adlvan~tages of
school, (lhe situation for thle future he
comes alarm ing. To force t hese chiil
dlren out of the nmll and make no0 provis
ion for their attendanimce upon)1 school,
buit to allow t hem to spenid their t imo
in idleness on (lhe streets presenits al
most. as alarming ani aispect as to per
mit them to lab~or. Inl a great miiany of
our mills (lie odlieers andl mianagers
hlave provided schools and teachers and
libraieis and chimrches at (lie expense
of (lie stockholders, and some of them
will not, employ chtlren under twvelve
years of age anid they require the par
ents of such children to send (lhe clii
dIrenl to school. T1hiis is (lhe tetidency in
all thre mnils,in this State. Th'lese chil
dIren) should be protectedl buit it is nlot.
well that hey should be idle, mind 1
doubt. thi wisdom of a rigid law laidl
dlown bi (lie L egislature prohibiting
absolutely their employmnent, It woil
lbe better rather that all children be.
tween) the ages of seven andl thirteen
vaara wihnan parents or uardians work
in a lextile manufactory should he re.
quired to attend school during the
school term, if this can be done under
our constitution without extending
compulsory education to the State.
This would permit them during the
vacation to relieve older sisters or
brothers and give themi a little rest
and not take the ieans of support
from the family, and at the same time
accomplish the cud sought-the pro
tectio) and the education of the chil
dren of the mill districts. But better
to have a prohibitory law as to child
labor than that. nothing should be done
for the piotection of these children.
Th mill owners themselves realize the
danger of child labor and are doing
what, they can to fore attendance upon
schools and to keep the children out of
the mills, and a law making attendance
upon school compulsory would have
their cooperation and accomplish the
desired results. ' ith our present
manufactuting interests and their con
stant increase tis becomes a serious
question and deserves your imost er.
est consideration. It. should he con
sideied without prejudice or passion
and by counseling wilh those who are
interested I am sure a wise solution
canl be reached.
TI K STATIC's LIgOn iI "i'S I N Is.
The dispensary ha1is been wel imain
age(d during the past year, as the state
ment of the board of directors and the
State comniissioner, which will he sub,
imitted to you, will show.
The dispensary system an id tile mInI.
agement of the liquor question have oc
cuipiedl much of the attention of each
legislature since the system was in
augurated. The dispensary I;-, also
beCeI in issue iII every campaign inl the
State sitnce it was passed and hiis been
more strongly opposed possiyiv than
an v Ather law that, was ever placEd on
the statute books of the State. E'very
argument that could be brought to
bear against it has been presented by
some of the ablest intellects of the
State, and yet after a thoroigi canvass
of each county and presentation of the
case to the people the system has been
cindorsed by decided majorities oi four
different occasions aind tte piniple is
ieorporated in our organic law.
Uinder the Constitution the Legisla
ture may license individuals or cor
porations to sell under tihe rules and
regulations governing the dispensary,
or it may prohibit the sale and manu
facture of liquors. Both of these plans
have been thoroughly and exhaustively
argued and advocated before the pein.
ple and the verdict every tiime has been
decidedly in favor of the (dispensary
under the management of the State.
This referenee is made to emphasize
what smems to me to be thl duty 01
every patriotic citizen who loves his
State and believes inl democratic doe
trine and republican institutions, and
that (ltity is to submit to the voiCe of
the people and go to work earnestly
and conscientiously to improve anl
perfect a law which hais received so
many endorsements from those whom
it directly concerns. The courits have
held that undler the police regalations
the -state has a right. to take charge of
the sale of whiskey. The question
when reduced to its last analysis is not
one of priuciple but of expediency.
What is the b'st method of dealing
with this evil so as to secure the best
results ? That is the question.
The present system, as it may be
ii-roved from time to time, is the
best solutiotn yet devised, and is grow
ing ill public favor ;miuch of the lpre
judlice that has existed against tI ie law
is being removed, andl many of those
who oppose the system are in favor of
the enforcement of the law. As pub
lice sentiment growvs in its favor it will
boecasier to enforce it. The mayors
and1 inteiilanits of the towiis andl cities
(if the State, in response to a circular
which I issued during November, state
that the law is well enforced and that
the seutiment of thne townus is for a
strict ciiforcementI. The excepitions
arc the cities of Columbia and Char
leston and~ a few counties ini which the
sale of whiskey is prohiibited by law.
In fail in those couinties mi which no
dlispe nsaries are estaldishedl it would
conduce to a better enftorcemeiit of law
and there would be less illicit sale of
whiskey if dispensaties were eslah
lishedl. In the cities nanied thIie dix
penlsaryT cannot b~e rigidy en Ciforced so
long as piuli seiniieiit uplhold viola
tors of the law and grand juries fail to(
lind~ true hills aiid petit, juries to con
vict whleni cases aire miade and thle evi.
(denec furnished. As publ)1ic sentimiet
grows in favor of the law ini these
cities and~ the prejudice agaiinst it (les
away coiivictions for v'iolationts will be
had" and~ it, caii then be more! rigid ly
en forced .
While it is iuportant that the law~
shall riot lbe violated by illicit sale of
whiskey, it, is equaiilly impilortant, thiat
those chargedl withI its adhilmmist ration
shall coinfor~m to its requiremnt s. iif
this were mnore uigidly (lone pubdie sen
menu. wouild grow more rapuilly in'
suppor~it of the system. I doubt if
there is a dipieniser uin lie State whi
dloes niot violate the law every day, not
with any', criminal intent. TJhe law re
quires that , "' lefore selling~ or del iv
ermng any iintoxicating liquiors to any
p~ersoni a requ1nest, muist he presenited t(
the county d isphenser, printed or writ
teii in irnk, dated of the trite date
staitinig that he or she is of age, ami
the residence or the signer, for whoni
or whose use it is reqluired , the quanti
ty and1( kiind required, aunt his or hei
true nme; and~ the requtest shall b<
signied by the appulicant in his owi
true namec andl signature, attested b'
the county dispenser or his clerk, wh<
receives and tiles the reque(sts. Ilui
thle requests shall be refused, If the
county dispeniser itig it piersoniall:
knows the pierson aplhyinig is a minor
that lie Is intoxicated, or that lie is 11
the habit of unincg iinvoientmt liqitot
to an1 exces ; or if the applicant is ni(
8o personally known to said count
dispenser, before filling said order I
deolivring said liquor, he shall requii
the statement of a reliable and true
worthy person of good character au
habits, known personally to him, thip
the applicant i4 not a minor, and i
not in the habit of using intoxicatini
liquors to excess." The county (lie
penser takes an obligatian to the effec
that he Iwill and another afterward
that he does comply strictly with thi
provision and all of the other provis
ions of the law.
It has become customary for count
dispenscis to sell to any on1e who apI
plies to purchase without being identi
fivil (". vithliout Siglmnlig the appilicatiot
Sinl 111 onit I rue namii1e ani1d signature'
and witliotit stiting I- for whom o:
whose use I, is requiril." Ample pro
vision is made for the course to 1)
pursued for violaitions in tihe adminiis
tration ol ihe lai v. Tlie county dis
pensers are respoisible to the count;
boards of ctntrol and t hey are appoint
ed by ithe State board W' directors o
the recommeundatin and with the ad
vice ndil e-i.usent of the Senator an
tepreseimlaives I rom each county
That brings ithe c.ise right up to th
door o1' thc them me t t ie G( (eicnera
Assemblv.
Thisis a business matter and a,
careful and as prudent business judg
ment sniould be exreiseal in the selec
tiol if Ih.s - who a.re cha rged with ti
adminiistiat ion of i the law as a pruden
blusine(ss mnilil we'ddal eM erCise in th<1
selection of thos whom lie woul
place mll (11arge of Ise private business
Polities and partis iship shoulb h
no part inl the seletion.
I again comieni to you the udvis
ability of abolislitg the comity boardb
of control and ol devolving their dutie
uiponl the ma11yOrm or intentlants o1 thl
towlis and the county supervisors Ol l
cointie in which dispensaries are 1o
cated. 'I'le towns aInd Counties are di
rectly interested in the proper manage
ment of local dispensaries, and tl
duties thus imposed would not I
onerous. I also recommenl tha count,
dispensers he elected by the people a
other couity officers are elected, for i
term of two years. Thoy would thei
le responsi.ble to tIe people fer a proi
er conduct of the business placed ii
their hands.
Number of seizures---wiskey, wiu
and brandy--,382; uiher of galloni
.,1137; beer and ale so'uires 807, i
hottles 2,09-1 in kegs 2,006; numh1
of convictions 211; cases sent up I
circuit court 31-1 ; amount of lines in:
posed :24,560, paid $2,,S70, to jail c
chain-gang 144 Total cost, of cot
stables $3,170 Gl .
From the reIport of the State Boar
of Directors it will be seen that the it
prolit to the school fund from the IIIs
ness for the past year, after expense
are Iid, is $176,012 18, and to th
towns ai counties $298,16.28. Thi
report covers eleven months, as II
liscal year has been changed so as I
heose Noycinber 3o.
In detling with this question I fec
sure that, you vill ie guided by a IOv
for your Slate and an earnest purpos
and I sincere desire to (10 that whic1
will be for the best interests of th
greatest numb1er, 1n not be actuate
by prejudice Or partisanship.
TII STATE PENITENTIARV.
The annual report -of :the hoard c
dir'ectors and suerIintendlen t of hI
peitenitiary shows a most grati fy'in
condi~ition of' affairs in this ins~titutioi
While 1no moiney will Ibe covered int
the State treasury this year, yet'pe:
manent impirovemenits have beein ma
out of' the net earni'ngs amnoun tinug,i
round numbers, to $20,000 and thei
is still ai cashi balance on1 lanid for' eu
rnt expenses oft abouitt $5,000. In lat
dtion to this, the farmis have yielde(
corn. and( provisions suflicient .to iru
t he institut ion unttil the next cropl:
harvested. TIhe utber of con vici
rema~ins piractically thle ameW as 0on
y'earl ago. A mtodeorn prison , wic
was very much neoeded, is nearmilg conl
letioni, within thie Walls oIf the peni
tentiaury, at a cost of $1-1,50t0. Ini a
dlit ion to being a safe prison1, it is bm11
ith a view to the health auid comnfoi
of thle pisoners1', ando will bie patid ft
(ilot of thet net earnlings of the pienitenit
a rv during thle piist year. At the he
sessioni of the Ilegislturtte pr~ovisio
was mnade for thie (ercetionI of a t
for matory for youdthf uil ciminls.
nieat andit Hutbstanitial frame sI tucturi
foir this piiipose lhas beeni erted ea
the I ex ingt on farmti, ill whtich will h
kep t till pisoneris under 10; y'ears
aige. WVhile it Will lbe the pur tpose<
the il)t su eitdent tto furnish them ii
struictiont ini moraJls and1,, if poessibhl
miake better citiveens of' them who
t hey are released, yet t hey will be r<
qulired~ to labor~t as other' prisoniers, hi
will he kept enitireily siepalrate from tht
oloer' and1( mo1 e hiu deneid crim inals.
pres'entt t here are only fourteen prisol
eri' undlter 1 I; ear's of age, and (lie
ate all negroes.
A good manity needed and permane811
ihmuirovements have also bieen mad(1( 4
lie State farms, and everything the
is no0w ill good clondition1. Th'lere bi
bcen somie dIiscui~~on ini regardI to ti
adlvisablility of the State owing aii
operating farms. A caireful a1
I houghitful investigation of the subjet
I dam sure, will convince you that
would not be good business judgmne
Ito dispose of these farms. It requir
only 140 conivicts to operate the fan
and iln this way corn and provisioi
and other things necessary for t:
support of the convicts are made
less expense than they coul
purchased. It is argued by some th
these cotiviets coul be woirked up,
the puihc roads. I 8am as heartily
y favor of anything that would give
,~ goodl roads as anyone, but I do not S
'I how the State could untdertaike t1
s wnork ennelt thronah the ('ounities.
it would be a good plan it those counties
y in which chaingangs are maintained
>r would so arrange as to secure enough
'e prisoners from the State to keep up a
t- good chaingang force all the time.
(d From tle best. information available,
it and from those who have had ex.
s perience wit I chaingangs, it is not pro
g fitable, even to the county, to maintain
- a chaingang when the number fails
t below fifteen. Ini most of the count ios
s the average is below that number.
3 The farming out. of convicts to indivi
duals should bo discontinued. If this
were do11 it would call in .173 convicts
who aic now hired out to individuals
1and that number put, on the roads in
the Various couties in the State where
I chaliganigs aire maintained would in
a few years~ igreatly improve our public
r roads tid at the same lime not in
terfere wit I the State farms.
The present system of chaingangs
- in most of the counties is a. very v
expensive ixury, but by the counties
hiring a sullicient nmber of -oil
- victs from the State, as suggested
I above, we could very sooni have inl
- those counties a good system of plibei14
I roads, and nothing coubd hie donle that "
would add ilore to the comfort and s
3 Convenienee aind saving to the people i
I who live in the rural <istrict-A. A t
Bystemt of good roads wouli do very 11
i much to sLop the flow of population f
. from tite country to the towns. 'T'he
counties could not spelil the public 4
money i r11101 wisely, or with greater v
t benelit. to t he public, than by mainitain- i
ing a good claingang in each counlty
oil perilmnenit, road building. tio'd u
roads would bring chur11ches, and t
schools, and towlns Closer to every
counitry h ome, in addition to the sav- f
inig which would result from the wear
i and tear upon stock and vehiic!es, mil dI
4 111101 the people themselves. And this
- can he done by wise legislation with- I
3 il titeer r i li e least Withli tile I
Inatlintgeillivct o4i muiaiitellance of the C
- State farins.
T111. vV\Flli l'-i.4lAIN oM T.\N.TItIN.
GovernmieIlt his m) right to takte
more from the piiIeolde 1111 is5 ahi o
lutely necessary for :.- wise :nd eco
loincal tiulidministratio) of tile talfailrs
of the State, ain it shut111141 he s'A takeni
that tle blurdenl will hear evenly on all
proler..ty. It is thlie dity of every
Citizen to (0111i111U.e Iis portion to tlthe
support of the g4overiitileit inl pro
portion to his ability. This is tle
Standard laid dowin ill our constituti in.
That taxation des not hecar evenly
u1p) all property is patemi to every
I hliought Il I personi. If you canl in y4our11
wiisdom devise 11113 plall by which the
asessment- of property for taxation
ctian he mo14rle equitably mlde and all the
propert*y of ilie State canl he placed on
.the lax books, 3ou will hlve contri
halted much to lightell tihe- burden on
that Class of pro)perly w hich in its
nature cannot escape .axatiol.
lin soile ilf Ihe States tax 11in1pnsi
ltors are provided to discover properly
thai il itted from the tIx list. There
L) is nto doubt that ta great deal of lro()
perty escapes taxation Which shoild)1
be oii the hooks and mIade to bear its
E portion of tle hin del, and sole plalli
should be devised by which this pro.
perty cnn be reached. Missouri has
adopted i law which provides for the
taxatio of mortgages, and tle man
who owns tile property halts it assessed
at tle value of the property, less the
e valie of the mortgatge, and the owner
of thle moirtgace IS requlired 1t) 1)1ay taix
u iponl the vailueO *of Is miotgage.
Somesuchiiroii ini our! laws w.oul
b e just and1( eqJuiitable, foir it is not
r iight for the owner of pr'oper'ty to pay13
taxes5 up~on the full v'aliue when in
Creality his ownershuip is only the vailue
of the pr'operty' less dihe value of t he
m-iortgaige. it woiihl noqt he right to)
dtax the prlopei'ty at its full vahie and1(
thntxthe mnortgage, f'or th-'it wvould
a 1) pay'ing taXes 1t1pon1 thle satme pro
Thi'is questtioni of taxationl is) worithiy
iof your1I tten~tionl, for' it is 011e of vitai
importance to all of ourF people1.
-ONIV A PRIVATF, CITIZIEN.
't Bryan's Speech on Jackson Day.
r He Was the. Guest of Honor.
ii Mr'. Wmn. J1. lryan was thle guest of
n honor at thie 1a1nual baniiquet of the
B ryan D)emtierat ie league in Chicago
a oni thie 8; h inst. Several hundred
c were present, and Mayor' Ilairison
ni presi~ded.
e Mrli. lryan began speaking aftei' mid4
f night. Ik said:
f "I take tis opportuniity to e3xpress5
- [lhe hopie that this club and1( others
,which have horne my namre will sub.
ii stitute foir miy name thle name (If sonic
.- Democratie saint, 0or a namie de~scr'ip
t, [ive of p)raciples rather' than1 men,11
e "'I am no0w a private citizenl with ex
i- "'The Demiiocr'atic par1ty' was ne0ver' inl
se b etter' tight in g conditionl than11 it is to1
(lay, andl I irejoie~ rlhat I have many
it yeara in ii hil.h to1 pairticipalte in the
mn struggle betweeni humian rights and the
r'e usur~ipationl of gree'd. Our' pairty standls
1s firll efin ed and pos( ~)tivye policies
ie and( is priep~ar'ed to wvage all aggressivye
d( warfare aigainst the lultocr'atIe tenl
d( dlencies of' the evils aginilst wvhich Jef
a, ferson conlten1ded a cenltur'y ago, and1(
it, again which .1 acksonm fought 310 yeaurs
lit later.
5, edy) and1( it cantil0 he apphiied external
11s ly. Th'lo'e who have lost thirI par1ty
be standing bec'auise of their desertion of
be0 1nes to D emiocraitIe doctrinesC, as8 de
.at finedJ~ hv legitimaitte auithoi'ity, mnust re
ani umllte wiith the parity be0fore aniy aitrln
iln tion will be0 pa1id .1o iheir p1 etentions of
1u8 initerestt. Those wit~tinf the pairt~y lines
oc hiave a right 1.to avoice in [lie making
us of the platform and change in the or1
rt ganizati ml oft mneihinerv but anv dle..
T4)O p-Oduce the best results
n fruit, vegetable or grain, tLhe
er!'li,.'r used 111ust (ofta'll
1u<>ug1h iPotash. 'or partic
Ikirs See ()ur plamphlets. We
eid hliem1 free.
(;I;RIAN KAL.1 WORKS,
%j NaNau St., New York.
red cbingle shall he openly proposed
nd fairly presented. Party organiza
ons are framed for party govern
ients a1n( derive their just powers
rimn the consent of the governed.
"'hIe defeat of tle party recently
utfered onlght to discourage any one
Aho believes in the principles set forth
Ii the Ksiam City platform, for if
ight. when written and endorsed by
early six millions and a half of voters,
hey are right still.
"The Democratic party has been de
vated before, but defeat has neither
lestroyed its hope nor its tenets. The
efeat of 1886, came at the close of an
din111istration entirely satisfactory to
ho, most anxious to reorganize the
milrty, and defeat in 1891, which oc.
urred under ia similar administration
vras. more disastrous than any since.
"We canl face the future with the
eiermination to make the -,art~y a
aithful exponent of tle views of those
ihio believe in equal rights to all and
pecial privileges to none.
"W her the question of money
vill figure prominently in future cam
iaign1s vill depend upon circumstances.
" hat is desired is a sulicient quan
ity of money to keep pace with the de
nanwd for miloley.
\lonopolies will ultimately become
o liirtful that the lepublicaus will no
onger he able to defend them. A
:olomilal piolicy mu.sLt he repudiated by
he American people."
MFMORIAL4 TO CONGRUSS.
Feading Citizens of Manila Ask
Congress for Independence.
enit or Teller, of Colorado, created
it isation inl tle Unritei States Son
te oi the il inst. by presenting a
ieiiorial from the Filipinos which de
lares that liberty or death is the fate
f 8,000,000 people who will never sur
ender to American arms.
Mr. Teller presented a memorial
rom 2,000 'Filipinos and peacefUl in
iabitants" of Manila. The memorial
vas inl the form of an appeal to the
Jongress of the United Sttes, and as
Mlr. Teller stated, was "signed per
lonally by the leading people of Manila,
awyers, bankers and professional men
epresentinig the best elements of that
It paid a high tribute to the work of
A~ginal~do and~ his coadljutori im their
mdeilavor to obtaiin independence for
the( plel of' the P~hilppines.
Iteference was miadle to some of (lie
>rincipal events of (lie present revolu
jell againist, American authority, thie
lhe petition urging that the American
.roops had failed to make a serious 3m
,ression upon the revolutionary party.
I poiited out that Aguinaldo had
leelared be miight lose (lhe hope of
'itoiry, but lie would not lose the hope
>f dying f->r the liberty and indepent
lenice of his people.
It poinits out that the revolutionists
upiport practically all the people of the
Mhilippines and (declares, though 100
evolutionists be destroyed 1,000 will
ise upl to support the light for indepen
fence. All of (ho islands of (lie
Lrehiipelago, say3s the memorial, are
mupporting (lie revolution and they
will not~ yield until (lie last drop of
Filipino blood has been shedl.
Th'le Filipino nation, the memorial
'onitinuies, hearing in mind the history
o)f America and its hiumanitarian
iloctrines, asks (lhe government of the
Unitedl States to cease its persectioni
of umen struggling to be free-struggling
againlst greater odds and greater
wrongs thanu those which inepiredl the
fathers of (lie rep~ub)Ie.
Th'is~ they ask in the name of Wash
ingt on, of Jfeff'erson, of Lincoln, in the
namle of justice and in the name of the
Glod eternial.
Tlhe ap1)1enl declares that autonomy
sinmilar to that enijoyedl by Canada or
Aust ralia would not, be acceptable to
the Filiinos who desire full liberty
and~ independn~tce and1 they urge the
governiment of (lhe United States to
Live' thiem liberty and indlependenCe.
When (lie reading of the memorial
'ad been concluded Mr. Teller asked
hit it be printed as a document.
"[ object,'' adid Mr. Hawley, of
~onniecticuit, "It 1s a treasonable (de
mnuciation of our government andl an
itack uipon our soldiers."
CASTORIA
For Infants and. Children.
The KInd You Have Always Bought1
Bears the
Signaturegg( ~ 7 4