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"MAD ANTHONY'S" VIC TORY at FALLEN TIMBERS Wavjne Statue in. Tort Wayne, Ind. Gen. Anthony Wayne Waxjne Memorial at Maumee, Ohio By ELMO SCOTT WATSON UGUST 20 marks the one hundred ford eth anniversary of a battle that is unique In American history. For It Is doubtful If there has ever been a military engagement of more far reaehlng consequences won as easily and as quickly as was "Mad An thonj" Wayne's victory over the confederated Indian tribes of the Old Northwest at Fallen Timbers on the hanks of the Maumee river in northwestern Ohio on August 20, 1794. Not only was it all the more brilliant by con trast with the disasters which had befallen two American generals who had previously tried to subdue these same red men, but It led directly to another victory, won around the council tire in stead of on the battlefield ? the Treaty of Green ville, signed Just a year later. Without these two the settlement of the Ohio country, the push ing of the frontier line clear to the Mississippi river and the opening up of the rich Inland empire of the Mississippi Valley to the land hungry Americans of the early Nineteenth cen tury might have been postponed Indefinitely. So the Battle of Fallen Timbers Is a mllepost in the history of our westward expansion. That expansion began even before the Revolu tion was over and the decade which followed the signing of the Treaty of Paris saw thou* Bands of settlers streaming through Pittsburgh, "the Gateway to ftie West" of that period, and floating down the Ohio to seek new homes both to the north and to the south of that river. The Indians of that region ? the Mlamls, Wyandots, Delawares, Shawnees, Ottawas and Pottawato mlea ? watched with alarm this ever-Increasing tide of white men pouring into their hunting grounds. British Imperial officers in Canada also watched the flood of Immigration with dismay. If it kept up, It meant the end of the profitable fur trade In that area. So If they did not actually encour age the Indian attacks cn the American settlers, they certainly did not discourage them, and the forts and trading posts which they still held In the West 'n spite of the terms of the Treaty of Paris were outfitting points for many a scalp ing party the' w< nt out to harass the Immigrant traffic on tl.e Ol 10. Not only were they threatening to wipe out these new settlements, but back in Philadelphia the new federal government seemed to he tot tering to Its ruin because of the blows whltth the Harmar and St. ("lair defeat** had dealt to Its prestige. In this crisis President Washington called upon an old friend of Revolutionary war days to mnke good where the others had failed. Gen. Anthony Wayne had retired to private life in Pennsylvania after the Revolution, but when .Washington asked him to reorganize the army and taKe command of a third expedition against the Indians, he accepted the responsibility as readily as he had accepted the task of capturing Stony Point In 1777. Wayne's popular nickname of "Mad Anthony" was a misnomer Insofar as It Implied rashness and reckless daring. Rut It was true as a syno nym for one poet's characterization of him ? "fiery heart and cool, clear hrnln." And If ever adequate preparation, caution and eternal vigi lance had a splendid reward, they had It In Wayne's campaign which culminated at Fallen Timbers. When Wayne took command of the army In April, 171)2, he found Its men untrained, lacking In discipline and with little faith In their officers ? not much to be wondered at considering what had happened In 17IK) and 1701. Rut Wayne brought about a thorough reorganization, even to the name, which he changed to "The l.oglon of the United States" and which he began drilling at Pittsburgh in June, 1702. It was his original plan to form an army of Home f),(MX) men, but he soon saw that this would be Impossible with the recruits that were fur nished him. There were almost constant deser tions, even at Pittsburgh, which was not far enough away from the Indian country to allay the fear of some of Ids soldiers who expected the redskins to come whooping out of the for est* and scalp them as they drilled. From December, 1702, to May, 1703, Wayne was camped some 27 miles below Pittsburgh at a place he named I^eglonvllle and during this time his army of 2, MX) men was being whipped Into some semblance of a military organization. On May 8 he camped at Hobson's Choice, so named because he could find no other suitable ground in the vicinity. In August negotiations ?with the Indians were Anally broken ofT and Wayne, who already had been advancing toward the Indian country, prepared for a campaign which he saw would mean th? succesa or failure of the United States In enforcing ltd rights against the British as well as the Indians In the Ohio territory. The next stopping place noted In his orderly hook was "Head Quarters near PJort Hamilton," > on October 0, 179ft. At this point he began a rigorous order of march and constant vigilance ?gainst surprise attacks. y "Mad Anthony," bearing In mind the earlier fkthirea, was at great pains to Impree* upon the ;troop? the necessity of constant vigilance. On October 19 two aoldlera were ehot for Bleeping while on gentry duty. In that month cold weather Chiet\ Little Turtle begun to set In. General Wayne ordered the army to "hut" for the winter. Fort Greenville was built, and there the expedition passed the winter, during which Wayne continued drilling his men. From Fort Greenville he sent a detachment to St. Clair's battlefield to bury the dead and to bill Id another fort to which was given the sig nificant name of Fort Recovery. Skirmishes during the spring brought heavy losses on both sides, but they did not stop Gen eral Wayne's preparations to advance. The Indl nns began to gather in force, and on July MO a body of about 1.500 or 2,000 met a detachment of l.r>0 men and ofllcers near Fort Recovery. The battle lasted all day. More than 22 ofllcers and men were killed, but at length the attackers withdrew In confusion. On July 27, preparations having been made, the main advance began again. The long and hard drill hud transformed Wayne's men Into veterans. In June the army had been re-enforced by 1,600 mounted militia from Kentucky. Wayne had also enlisted a force of frontiersmen famil iar with life In the forest and trained In Indian wurfare to he used as scouts. In this "Corps of Spies," as It was called, were two brothers named Miller, who had been captives among the Indlnns, an experience which made their services of special value. Still another was ('apt. Wil liam Wells, who had also been a captive, had been adopted by the Mlamls, married a daugh ter of Chief Little Turtle and ns n "white Indian" had actually killed and scalped men of his own race at St. Clair's defeat. General Wayne's first encampment was at Still water, 12 miles from Greenville. The second was at "Indian Encampment," near Fort Recovery. Th?. ?expedition then stopped long enough to build Fort Randolph. Another delay wns caused when a falling tree struck and nearly killed Gen eral Wayne on August .'I. While the main body remained at the fort, which was also known as Fort St. Mary and for ty's Town, after Simon Girty, the notorious white renegade, a detnehment went down St. Mary's river and built a post called Fort Adams. This move was made to confuse the Indians, Implying as It did that Wayne Intended to con tinue down the river. Instead, he proceeded toward the Maurnce. A deserter had warned the Indians of his approach and, unprepared to resist, the savages had deserted their villages and houses, leaving large fields of standing corn. The army came to severnl large villages, and for miles they passed through the fields. The troops were surprised at the fertility of the country and the Industry of the Indians, none of whom had remained In any of the villages or settlements. It was soon made known, however, that they had congre gated up stream In force to make a stand against the expedition. Apprised of this situation and exporting the attack at any time, "Mad Anthony" steadily continued his advance. At the confluence of the Mnmnee and An Olalzo rivers he paused to bill Id Fort Defiance on August 9. At this place he nlso stopped to parley with the Indians, benrlng In mind the desire of the government to make n peaceful settlement If possible. Christopher Miller car ried on negotiations, which ended whdn tho In diana asked ten days to reach a decision. Wayne, suspicious of the delay and having reason to believe that tho Indians were only waiting for re-enforcements and flrltlah aid, had already prepared for a further advance. On that, day, August 10, he went forward 12 miles. The next day ho advanced another 10 miles, and on August 10 he commenced the erection on tho banks of the Maumee of n fort which called Camp Deposit. This was built primarily for the protection of his heavy baggngo, with which ho did not care to bo encumbered when the bnttlo began. From Can>p Deposit a British fort (Fort Miami) could bo aeon. This camp was com manded by MaJ. William (3unpl>ell of the Brit ish army, and It was believed that It was a rallying point for tho Indiana. Both tho Indiana ami Wayne expected the British to join In the attack upon the Americans when the time was ripe, and Wayne made plans to receive the Brit ish with his horsemen; the Indians with the Infantry. The long-expected battle came on the morn ing of August 20. As Wayne's army advanced cautiously along the western hanks of the Mau mee, the American general saw that the Indian general. Little Turtle, had chosen his battlefield with ureal skill. Here a tornado had swept through the forest, covering the ground with fallen trees. The left flank of the Indians' posi tion was covered by the Maumee and their front by a tangle of logs which, in the words of Wayne, "rendered it Impracticable for cavalry to act with effect, and afforded the enemy the mopt favorable covert for their savag? method of warfare." ? Undaunted by this, Wayne at once deployed his forces In two lines with his Kentucky volun teer cavalry on his left flank and sent these under General Scott "to gain and turn their right with spirit and promptitude." Wayne's ofllcinl report of the battle that followed is a laconic account of this battle which was over almost before it began. He says: "I ordered the front line to advance with trailed arms, rouse the Indians from their cov erts at the point of the bayonet and. when up, to deliver a close and well-directed fire on their backs followed by a brisk charge so as not to give time to load again. . . . Such was the Impetuosity of the charge by the first line of Infantry that the Indian and Canadian militia and volunteers were driven from all their cov erts In so short a time that, although every exertion was used by ofllcers of the second line of the legion, and by Generals Scott, Todd, and Ilarber of the Mounted Volunteers to gain their proper positions, yet but a part of each could got up In season to participate In the action, the enemy being driven In the course of an hour more than two miles through the thick woods already mentioned by less than one-half of their numbers. . . . From every account the enemy amounted to two thousand combatants, and the troops actually engaged against them were short of /dfie fiundred." The rout of the Indians wan complete and they fled toward the Rrltish fort whose gates they expected would be ojK'ned to them. Instead, the Rrltish kept their outer wall tightly closed, and the confused Indians, closely followed by the American riflemen, abandoned their camp and equipment, and fled to the woods. The next day Wayne marched his men so close to the fort as to bring from lts^ haughty commander a demand to know "as speedily as possible In what light I am to view your making such near approaches to this garrison." To this "Mad Anthony'' sent a characteristic reply: "Without questioning the propriety, Sir. of your Interrogatory, I may observe to yon that were you entitled to an answer, the most full hnd satisfactory one was announced to you from the rnu/./.les of my small arms yesferday morning In the actions against the hordes of snvages In the vicinity of your post. . . . Rut had It continued until the Indians etc. had been driven under the Influence of the post and guns you mention they would not have much Impeded the progress of the Victorious Army under my command." Later Wayne fell back to Fort Defiance, but the next month he advanced to the Miami vil lages near the scene of Marmar's defeat and for the next month his men were busily engaged In the destruction of the villages and crops of the Indians. Next he built n j>ost to which he gnvo the name of Fort Wayne (from which grew the modern city of that name) and then retired to Fort Greenville to go Into winter quarters. The last act of the drama came In the summer of 170.r? when Chief Little Turtle, who had warned the Indians against trying to oppose thin "chief who never sleeps" and advised them to make peace while there still was time, led his defeated tribesmen and their allies to the fort to engage In the negotiations which resulted In the historic Treaty of Fort Greenville. In the words of a recent historian (Beverley W. Bond, Jr., author of "The Civilization of the Old Northwest," published by the Maemlllan com pany), "this treaty marked the first Important victory over the Indians in the Old Northwest. By Its terms, nil of Ohio, except approximately the sec" n west of the Cuyahoga, was opened to settle >nt, as well ns the elongated strip In southeast. n Indiana known as the 'gore.' The treaty also Included cession of small strate gically located areas In the Indian country tor military posts, with lines of communication he tween them and thus made It possible to estab lish such posts as Fort Wayne at the head of the Maumee and Fort Dearborn at the month of the (Jhlcago. . . The surrender of Detroit, the center of British Influence among the, Indi ans, In 17M after Jay's treaty had been ratified, rounded out the results ef Wayne'? victory" ? hy W??t?rn N?wap*p?r Union. IMPROVED UNIFORM INTERNATIONAL SUNDAY I chool Lesson (By REV. P. B. FITZWATJCR, D. D.. Member of Faculty. Moody Bible Institute of Chicago.) ? by Western Newspaper union. Lesson for September 2 micah champions the op. PRESSED ?:l^SSON TEXT~M<c?h 3:1-3; 3:1-11; th???LoEN TEXT-H? hath shewed doth ^.m,an,.What ia *ood; and wha? rtft d re<lulr? of thee, but io walk h K?"d l? love mercy. and to PRImTov*?^ thy Qod? Mlca|1 ? ?? to Ooa "h T"" Ho" armc-wh" ooa r irrNS^RMSI:ilATE AND senior top i?od E*Pects of Us. TOUNQ people and adult top. Applied Religion. I. Evil Workers Denounced (2:1-3). 1. How they worked (v. 1). Their evil work was not a matter of Impulse, but of deliberate purpose. a. 1 hey gave themselves to the de vising of wicked schemes, b. They worked evil upon their beds. They not only deliberately pave themselves up to the devising of wicked schemes, biu, used the quiet hours of the night while honest peo ple were sleeping for planning wavs of accomplishing their wicked schemes! c. They executed their plans In the morning light. They did what their wicked minds devised. 2. Whgt they did (v. 2). a. They coveted fields (v 2) m this they violated the tenth command ment. '>? They violently took away fields and houses (v. 2). A noteworthy ex ample Is found In the case of Aliah taking Naboth's vineyard. This In turn Is an apt picture of the monop o sts of today taking possession of land. oil. gold, silver, and other com modities. ! c. They oppressed men and tneir houses (v. 2). Iiy house here Is meant a man's descendants, that Is. the In heritors of his property. * 3. Their punishment (t. 3). Aguliist such evil-doers righteous retribution Is being devised and shall fall upon the wicked with such weight as to humble them. Fall (.vfs) Wh?m JudSment Shall I 1. The unfaltnful rulers (vv. 1-4). Because of love for th? evil and a hatred for the good, the rulers mer ci-.'ssly dest. oyed the people. 2. The false prophets (vv. .V8) They served for hire. As long as snp P led with. food, they prophesied to please the people. , III. The Judgment Which Wat to Fall (vv. 0-12). Jerusalem was destroyed because of the sins of the people. Just as the righteous retribution then fell, we are assured tlvftt there will he no escape from the coming Judgment for those who destroy the people. IV. God's Controversy With His People (6:1-13). Wicked men may go on to a certain time with their schemes, but eventual ly they will he obliged to give an e eonnt to God. 1. The hills and mountains are called to hear witness against Israel I (?. 2). The people had turned a deaf ear to God, so that the Inanimate creation wns called to witness against them. The whole realm of nature bears witness to the fact of God's be ing nnd his goodness. , 2. The guilty to he left to state the case (v. 3). Through the prophet. God. the King of the Universe, abdi cates his rights and allows his sinning people to make charges against him. The one who has right on his side fears no argument. 3. God recounts his merries unto the people (vv. 4. .r>). ? Having called for the charge arid none having heen brought, the Lord thrusts home upon their consrlonce the memory of his great mercies unto them. a. He brought them out of Egyptian bondage (v. 4.) He has done even more for us who were under bondage to sin and Sntan. b. He sent before them a trio of lenders (v. 4). Moses tUfi |nwK,Vftr Aaron the high priest, and Miriam the prophetess were sent ns his wit nesses. c. Turned Halak's curse Into a blessing through Halaam (v. r>). 4. God's requirements (vv. 0 13). a. The greet question. "Wherewith shnll I come before the Lord?" (r. 0). The Jews could not deny the charge brought against them by the Almighty. They could make no p|*a for Justification. b. The complete answer (v. 8). (l) "To do Justly." Strict equity was to characterize all their dealings with their fellowmen. (2) 'To love mercy." The heart Is to he diligently set to do good to our fellows, especially the needy and dependent (3) "To walk humbly with thy God." To recognize that they were sinners before God that they had no rlalm upon him. Honor Your God "More than conquerors" means not only to win your battle and save your territory, but to do honor to yonr Oap tain and your God, to be a credit to your cause, and so to acquit yourself In the campaign that God shall be glor Ifled. ? A. n, Klmpaon. Need of Christ He who thlnka he hath no need of Christ, hath too high thoughts of him self. He who thinks Christ cannot help Mm, hath too low thought* of Christ? Mason. Waters of Indian Ocean Over Man's Birthplace? "It Is r^w generally admitted,1* says Dr. Alexander Wlnchell In I're Adamlts, ? "that man's birthplace was In a region covered at present by the waters of the Indian ocean." Some years ago Sir John Murray bequeathed $100,000 to equip an ex pedition to locate the boundaries of this lost land, writes Ransome Sut ton In the Ix)s Angeles Times. I.ast summer his trustees borrowed a trawler, the Mabahilss, from the Egyptian government, and made echo-soundings between India and South America. According to Prof. Stanley Clardl ner, secretary of the expedition,. the findings confirm the belief fchat Lemur! a (a part of ancient Gond wana Land, which overlapped India, South Africa and Biazll) existed un til quite recently? up into the Age of Mammals: Madagascar, the Sey chelles Islands and other archipela goes were Its highlands; on them all one finds the same plant and animal organisms, which Is good evi dence that the islands were once connected by land. RHEUMATIC ? Pure Natural Mineral Water May Help MILLIONS FIND IT VERY BENEFICIAL For over 2,000 years the great min eral waters of the World, given to us by Mother Nature, have proven them selves very beneficial in the treatment of "rheumatic" aches anil pa:ns, ar thritis, sluggishness, certain stomach disorders and other chronic ailments. It has been estimated that Ameri cans alone have spent $100,000,000 a year in going to the mineral wells and health resorts of Europe. Over $1,000, 000 of these foreign mineral waters are imported annually into this country to help suffering humanity. BiA it isn't necessary to go to Eu rope to find fine natural mineral water. We have many marvelous mineral waters in our own country ? many ex cellent health resorts to which you can go for the mineral water treatment for "rheumatic" aches and pains. Most surprising of all, however, is the fact that today you can make a natural mineral water in your own home at a tremendous saving in ex pense. For Crazy Water Crystals bring you, in crystal form, healthful minerals taken from one of the world's fine mineral waters. Just the natural minerals. Nothing is added. All you do is add Crazy Water Crystals to your drinking water, and you have a great mineral water that has helped millions to better health and greater happiness. 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