The Wateree messenger. (Camden, S.C.) 1884-1942, August 29, 1934, Image 7
"MAD ANTHONY'S" VIC TORY
at FALLEN
TIMBERS
Wavjne Statue in. Tort Wayne, Ind.
Gen. Anthony Wayne
Waxjne Memorial at Maumee, Ohio
By ELMO SCOTT WATSON
UGUST 20 marks the one hundred ford
eth anniversary of a battle that is
unique In American history. For It
Is doubtful If there has ever been
a military engagement of more far
reaehlng consequences won as easily
and as quickly as was "Mad An
thonj" Wayne's victory over the
confederated Indian tribes of the
Old Northwest at Fallen Timbers on the hanks
of the Maumee river in northwestern Ohio on
August 20, 1794.
Not only was it all the more brilliant by con
trast with the disasters which had befallen two
American generals who had previously tried to
subdue these same red men, but It led directly to
another victory, won around the council tire in
stead of on the battlefield ? the Treaty of Green
ville, signed Just a year later. Without these
two the settlement of the Ohio country, the push
ing of the frontier line clear to the Mississippi
river and the opening up of the rich Inland
empire of the Mississippi Valley to the land
hungry Americans of the early Nineteenth cen
tury might have been postponed Indefinitely.
So the Battle of Fallen Timbers Is a mllepost in
the history of our westward expansion.
That expansion began even before the Revolu
tion was over and the decade which followed
the signing of the Treaty of Paris saw thou*
Bands of settlers streaming through Pittsburgh,
"the Gateway to ftie West" of that period, and
floating down the Ohio to seek new homes both
to the north and to the south of that river. The
Indians of that region ? the Mlamls, Wyandots,
Delawares, Shawnees, Ottawas and Pottawato
mlea ? watched with alarm this ever-Increasing
tide of white men pouring into their hunting
grounds.
British Imperial officers in Canada also watched
the flood of Immigration with dismay. If it kept
up, It meant the end of the profitable fur trade
In that area. So If they did not actually encour
age the Indian attacks cn the American settlers,
they certainly did not discourage them, and
the forts and trading posts which they still held
In the West 'n spite of the terms of the Treaty
of Paris were outfitting points for many a scalp
ing party the' w< nt out to harass the Immigrant
traffic on tl.e Ol 10.
Not only were they threatening to wipe out
these new settlements, but back in Philadelphia
the new federal government seemed to he tot
tering to Its ruin because of the blows whltth
the Harmar and St. ("lair defeat** had dealt to
Its prestige. In this crisis President Washington
called upon an old friend of Revolutionary war
days to mnke good where the others had failed.
Gen. Anthony Wayne had retired to private life
in Pennsylvania after the Revolution, but when
.Washington asked him to reorganize the army
and taKe command of a third expedition against
the Indians, he accepted the responsibility as
readily as he had accepted the task of capturing
Stony Point In 1777.
Wayne's popular nickname of "Mad Anthony"
was a misnomer Insofar as It Implied rashness
and reckless daring. Rut It was true as a syno
nym for one poet's characterization of him ?
"fiery heart and cool, clear hrnln." And If ever
adequate preparation, caution and eternal vigi
lance had a splendid reward, they had It In
Wayne's campaign which culminated at Fallen
Timbers.
When Wayne took command of the army In
April, 171)2, he found Its men untrained, lacking
In discipline and with little faith In their officers
? not much to be wondered at considering what
had happened In 17IK) and 1701. Rut Wayne
brought about a thorough reorganization, even to
the name, which he changed to "The l.oglon of
the United States" and which he began drilling
at Pittsburgh in June, 1702.
It was his original plan to form an army of
Home f),(MX) men, but he soon saw that this would
be Impossible with the recruits that were fur
nished him. There were almost constant deser
tions, even at Pittsburgh, which was not far
enough away from the Indian country to allay
the fear of some of Ids soldiers who expected
the redskins to come whooping out of the for
est* and scalp them as they drilled.
From December, 1702, to May, 1703, Wayne
was camped some 27 miles below Pittsburgh at
a place he named I^eglonvllle and during this
time his army of 2, MX) men was being whipped
Into some semblance of a military organization.
On May 8 he camped at Hobson's Choice, so
named because he could find no other suitable
ground in the vicinity. In August negotiations
?with the Indians were Anally broken ofT and
Wayne, who already had been advancing toward
the Indian country, prepared for a campaign
which he saw would mean th? succesa or failure
of the United States In enforcing ltd rights
against the British as well as the Indians In the
Ohio territory.
The next stopping place noted In his orderly
hook was "Head Quarters near PJort Hamilton,"
> on October 0, 179ft. At this point he began a
rigorous order of march and constant vigilance
?gainst surprise attacks.
y "Mad Anthony," bearing In mind the earlier
fkthirea, was at great pains to Impree* upon the
;troop? the necessity of constant vigilance. On
October 19 two aoldlera were ehot for Bleeping
while on gentry duty. In that month cold weather
Chiet\
Little
Turtle
begun to set In. General Wayne ordered the
army to "hut" for the winter. Fort Greenville
was built, and there the expedition passed the
winter, during which Wayne continued drilling
his men.
From Fort Greenville he sent a detachment
to St. Clair's battlefield to bury the dead and to
bill Id another fort to which was given the sig
nificant name of Fort Recovery.
Skirmishes during the spring brought heavy
losses on both sides, but they did not stop Gen
eral Wayne's preparations to advance. The Indl
nns began to gather in force, and on July MO
a body of about 1.500 or 2,000 met a detachment
of l.r>0 men and ofllcers near Fort Recovery. The
battle lasted all day. More than 22 ofllcers and
men were killed, but at length the attackers
withdrew In confusion.
On July 27, preparations having been made,
the main advance began again. The long and
hard drill hud transformed Wayne's men Into
veterans. In June the army had been re-enforced
by 1,600 mounted militia from Kentucky. Wayne
had also enlisted a force of frontiersmen famil
iar with life In the forest and trained In Indian
wurfare to he used as scouts. In this "Corps of
Spies," as It was called, were two brothers
named Miller, who had been captives among the
Indlnns, an experience which made their services
of special value. Still another was ('apt. Wil
liam Wells, who had also been a captive, had
been adopted by the Mlamls, married a daugh
ter of Chief Little Turtle and ns n "white Indian"
had actually killed and scalped men of his own
race at St. Clair's defeat.
General Wayne's first encampment was at Still
water, 12 miles from Greenville. The second was
at "Indian Encampment," near Fort Recovery.
Th?. ?expedition then stopped long enough to
build Fort Randolph. Another delay wns caused
when a falling tree struck and nearly killed Gen
eral Wayne on August .'I.
While the main body remained at the fort,
which was also known as Fort St. Mary and for
ty's Town, after Simon Girty, the notorious
white renegade, a detnehment went down St.
Mary's river and built a post called Fort Adams.
This move was made to confuse the Indians,
Implying as It did that Wayne Intended to con
tinue down the river. Instead, he proceeded
toward the Maurnce.
A deserter had warned the Indians of his
approach and, unprepared to resist, the savages
had deserted their villages and houses, leaving
large fields of standing corn. The army came to
severnl large villages, and for miles they passed
through the fields. The troops were surprised
at the fertility of the country and the Industry
of the Indians, none of whom had remained In
any of the villages or settlements. It was soon
made known, however, that they had congre
gated up stream In force to make a stand against
the expedition. Apprised of this situation and
exporting the attack at any time, "Mad Anthony"
steadily continued his advance.
At the confluence of the Mnmnee and An
Olalzo rivers he paused to bill Id Fort Defiance
on August 9. At this place he nlso stopped to
parley with the Indians, benrlng In mind the
desire of the government to make n peaceful
settlement If possible. Christopher Miller car
ried on negotiations, which ended whdn tho In
diana asked ten days to reach a decision.
Wayne, suspicious of the delay and having
reason to believe that tho Indians were only
waiting for re-enforcements and flrltlah aid, had
already prepared for a further advance. On
that, day, August 10, he went forward 12 miles.
The next day ho advanced another 10 miles, and
on August 10 he commenced the erection on tho
banks of the Maumee of n fort which called
Camp Deposit. This was built primarily for the
protection of his heavy baggngo, with which ho
did not care to bo encumbered when the bnttlo
began.
From Can>p Deposit a British fort (Fort
Miami) could bo aeon. This camp was com
manded by MaJ. William (3unpl>ell of the Brit
ish army, and It was believed that It was a
rallying point for tho Indiana. Both tho Indiana
ami Wayne expected the British to join In the
attack upon the Americans when the time was
ripe, and Wayne made plans to receive the Brit
ish with his horsemen; the Indians with the
Infantry.
The long-expected battle came on the morn
ing of August 20. As Wayne's army advanced
cautiously along the western hanks of the Mau
mee, the American general saw that the Indian
general. Little Turtle, had chosen his battlefield
with ureal skill. Here a tornado had swept
through the forest, covering the ground with
fallen trees. The left flank of the Indians' posi
tion was covered by the Maumee and their front
by a tangle of logs which, in the words of
Wayne, "rendered it Impracticable for cavalry to
act with effect, and afforded the enemy the mopt
favorable covert for their savag? method of
warfare." ?
Undaunted by this, Wayne at once deployed
his forces In two lines with his Kentucky volun
teer cavalry on his left flank and sent these
under General Scott "to gain and turn their
right with spirit and promptitude." Wayne's
ofllcinl report of the battle that followed is a
laconic account of this battle which was over
almost before it began. He says:
"I ordered the front line to advance with
trailed arms, rouse the Indians from their cov
erts at the point of the bayonet and. when up, to
deliver a close and well-directed fire on their
backs followed by a brisk charge so as not to
give time to load again. . . . Such was the
Impetuosity of the charge by the first line of
Infantry that the Indian and Canadian militia
and volunteers were driven from all their cov
erts In so short a time that, although every
exertion was used by ofllcers of the second line
of the legion, and by Generals Scott, Todd, and
Ilarber of the Mounted Volunteers to gain their
proper positions, yet but a part of each could
got up In season to participate In the action,
the enemy being driven In the course of an hour
more than two miles through the thick woods
already mentioned by less than one-half of their
numbers. . . . From every account the enemy
amounted to two thousand combatants, and the
troops actually engaged against them were
short of /dfie fiundred."
The rout of the Indians wan complete and
they fled toward the Rrltish fort whose gates
they expected would be ojK'ned to them. Instead,
the Rrltish kept their outer wall tightly closed,
and the confused Indians, closely followed by
the American riflemen, abandoned their camp
and equipment, and fled to the woods.
The next day Wayne marched his men so
close to the fort as to bring from lts^ haughty
commander a demand to know "as speedily as
possible In what light I am to view your making
such near approaches to this garrison." To this
"Mad Anthony'' sent a characteristic reply:
"Without questioning the propriety, Sir. of your
Interrogatory, I may observe to yon that were
you entitled to an answer, the most full hnd
satisfactory one was announced to you from the
rnu/./.les of my small arms yesferday morning In
the actions against the hordes of snvages In the
vicinity of your post. . . . Rut had It continued
until the Indians etc. had been driven under
the Influence of the post and guns you mention
they would not have much Impeded the progress
of the Victorious Army under my command."
Later Wayne fell back to Fort Defiance, but
the next month he advanced to the Miami vil
lages near the scene of Marmar's defeat and for
the next month his men were busily engaged In
the destruction of the villages and crops of the
Indians. Next he built n j>ost to which he gnvo
the name of Fort Wayne (from which grew the
modern city of that name) and then retired to
Fort Greenville to go Into winter quarters.
The last act of the drama came In the summer
of 170.r? when Chief Little Turtle, who had
warned the Indians against trying to oppose thin
"chief who never sleeps" and advised them to
make peace while there still was time, led his
defeated tribesmen and their allies to the fort
to engage In the negotiations which resulted In
the historic Treaty of Fort Greenville.
In the words of a recent historian (Beverley
W. Bond, Jr., author of "The Civilization of the
Old Northwest," published by the Maemlllan com
pany), "this treaty marked the first Important
victory over the Indians in the Old Northwest.
By Its terms, nil of Ohio, except approximately
the sec" n west of the Cuyahoga, was opened
to settle >nt, as well ns the elongated strip In
southeast. n Indiana known as the 'gore.' The
treaty also Included cession of small strate
gically located areas In the Indian country tor
military posts, with lines of communication he
tween them and thus made It possible to estab
lish such posts as Fort Wayne at the head of
the Maumee and Fort Dearborn at the month
of the (Jhlcago. . . The surrender of Detroit,
the center of British Influence among the, Indi
ans, In 17M after Jay's treaty had been ratified,
rounded out the results ef Wayne'? victory"
? hy W??t?rn N?wap*p?r Union.
IMPROVED
UNIFORM INTERNATIONAL
SUNDAY I
chool Lesson
(By REV. P. B. FITZWATJCR, D. D..
Member of Faculty. Moody Bible
Institute of Chicago.)
? by Western Newspaper union.
Lesson for September 2
micah champions the op.
PRESSED
?:l^SSON TEXT~M<c?h 3:1-3; 3:1-11;
th???LoEN TEXT-H? hath shewed
doth ^.m,an,.What ia *ood; and wha?
rtft d re<lulr? of thee, but io
walk h K?"d l? love mercy. and to
PRImTov*?^ thy Qod? Mlca|1 ? ??
to Ooa "h T"" Ho"
armc-wh" ooa r
irrNS^RMSI:ilATE AND senior top
i?od E*Pects of Us.
TOUNQ people and adult top.
Applied Religion.
I. Evil Workers Denounced (2:1-3).
1. How they worked (v. 1). Their
evil work was not a matter of Impulse,
but of deliberate purpose.
a. 1 hey gave themselves to the de
vising of wicked schemes,
b. They worked evil upon their
beds. They not only deliberately pave
themselves up to the devising of
wicked schemes, biu, used the quiet
hours of the night while honest peo
ple were sleeping for planning wavs of
accomplishing their wicked schemes!
c. They executed their plans In the
morning light. They did what their
wicked minds devised.
2. Whgt they did (v. 2).
a. They coveted fields (v 2) m
this they violated the tenth command
ment.
'>? They violently took away fields
and houses (v. 2). A noteworthy ex
ample Is found In the case of Aliah
taking Naboth's vineyard. This In
turn Is an apt picture of the monop
o sts of today taking possession of
land. oil. gold, silver, and other com
modities.
! c. They oppressed men and tneir
houses (v. 2). Iiy house here Is meant
a man's descendants, that Is. the In
heritors of his property. *
3. Their punishment (t. 3). Aguliist
such evil-doers righteous retribution Is
being devised and shall fall upon the
wicked with such weight as to humble
them.
Fall (.vfs) Wh?m JudSment Shall
I 1. The unfaltnful rulers (vv. 1-4).
Because of love for th? evil and a
hatred for the good, the rulers mer
ci-.'ssly dest. oyed the people.
2. The false prophets (vv. .V8)
They served for hire. As long as snp
P led with. food, they prophesied to
please the people. ,
III. The Judgment Which Wat to
Fall (vv. 0-12).
Jerusalem was destroyed because of
the sins of the people. Just as the
righteous retribution then fell, we are
assured tlvftt there will he no escape
from the coming Judgment for those
who destroy the people.
IV. God's Controversy With His
People (6:1-13).
Wicked men may go on to a certain
time with their schemes, but eventual
ly they will he obliged to give an e
eonnt to God.
1. The hills and mountains are
called to hear witness against Israel
I (?. 2). The people had turned a deaf
ear to God, so that the Inanimate
creation wns called to witness against
them. The whole realm of nature
bears witness to the fact of God's be
ing nnd his goodness.
, 2. The guilty to he left to state the
case (v. 3). Through the prophet.
God. the King of the Universe, abdi
cates his rights and allows his sinning
people to make charges against him.
The one who has right on his side
fears no argument.
3. God recounts his merries unto
the people (vv. 4. .r>). ? Having called
for the charge arid none having heen
brought, the Lord thrusts home upon
their consrlonce the memory of his
great mercies unto them.
a. He brought them out of Egyptian
bondage (v. 4.) He has done even
more for us who were under bondage
to sin and Sntan.
b. He sent before them a trio of
lenders (v. 4). Moses tUfi |nwK,Vftr
Aaron the high priest, and Miriam
the prophetess were sent ns his wit
nesses.
c. Turned Halak's curse Into a
blessing through Halaam (v. r>).
4. God's requirements (vv. 0 13).
a. The greet question. "Wherewith
shnll I come before the Lord?" (r.
0). The Jews could not deny the
charge brought against them by the
Almighty. They could make no p|*a
for Justification.
b. The complete answer (v. 8). (l)
"To do Justly." Strict equity was to
characterize all their dealings with
their fellowmen. (2) 'To love mercy."
The heart Is to he diligently set to do
good to our fellows, especially the
needy and dependent (3) "To walk
humbly with thy God." To recognize
that they were sinners before God
that they had no rlalm upon him.
Honor Your God
"More than conquerors" means not
only to win your battle and save your
territory, but to do honor to yonr Oap
tain and your God, to be a credit to
your cause, and so to acquit yourself
In the campaign that God shall be glor
Ifled. ? A. n, Klmpaon.
Need of Christ
He who thlnka he hath no need of
Christ, hath too high thoughts of him
self. He who thinks Christ cannot
help Mm, hath too low thought* of
Christ? Mason.
Waters of Indian Ocean
Over Man's Birthplace?
"It Is r^w generally admitted,1*
says Dr. Alexander Wlnchell In I're
Adamlts, ? "that man's birthplace
was In a region covered at present
by the waters of the Indian ocean."
Some years ago Sir John Murray
bequeathed $100,000 to equip an ex
pedition to locate the boundaries of
this lost land, writes Ransome Sut
ton In the Ix)s Angeles Times. I.ast
summer his trustees borrowed a
trawler, the Mabahilss, from the
Egyptian government, and made
echo-soundings between India and
South America.
According to Prof. Stanley Clardl
ner, secretary of the expedition,. the
findings confirm the belief fchat
Lemur! a (a part of ancient Gond
wana Land, which overlapped India,
South Africa and Biazll) existed un
til quite recently? up into the Age
of Mammals: Madagascar, the Sey
chelles Islands and other archipela
goes were Its highlands; on them
all one finds the same plant and
animal organisms, which Is good evi
dence that the islands were once
connected by land.
RHEUMATIC ?
Pure Natural Mineral Water
May Help
MILLIONS FIND IT
VERY BENEFICIAL
For over 2,000 years the great min
eral waters of the World, given to us
by Mother Nature, have proven them
selves very beneficial in the treatment
of "rheumatic" aches anil pa:ns, ar
thritis, sluggishness, certain stomach
disorders and other chronic ailments.
It has been estimated that Ameri
cans alone have spent $100,000,000 a
year in going to the mineral wells
and health resorts of Europe. Over
$1,000, 000 of these foreign mineral
waters are imported annually into this
country to help suffering humanity.
BiA it isn't necessary to go to Eu
rope to find fine natural mineral water.
We have many marvelous mineral
waters in our own country ? many ex
cellent health resorts to which you can
go for the mineral water treatment
for "rheumatic" aches and pains.
Most surprising of all, however, is
the fact that today you can make a
natural mineral water in your own
home at a tremendous saving in ex
pense. For Crazy Water Crystals
bring you, in crystal form, healthful
minerals taken from one of the
world's fine mineral waters. Just the
natural minerals. Nothing is added.
All you do is add Crazy Water
Crystals to your drinking water, and
you have a great mineral water that
has helped millions to better health
and greater happiness.
A standard size box of Crazy Water
Crystals costs only $1.50 and is suffi
cient for several weeks thorough
treatment for rheumatic pains. Crazy
Water Co., Mineral Wells, Texas.
arc for sale by dealers displaying
the red and green Crazy Water
Crystals sign. Get a box today.
Loose Screw Somewhere
'It's usmilly n half-wit who loads
a double life.
Banish Freckles,
Weather-Beaten Skin
Weeks Quicker
Tt is bo easy now to dear away blark
hcarfs, freckles, coarsem-R^; to liava
Rmootli.wliite, flawIesB new beauty. .Just
Ih-kiu tonight with fa
mous Nn'linola J 'leneh
inu Cream, tested jm<i
trusted for over n pen
nation. The minute \ on
smooth it on, Nadinola
bceins to clear, whiten
mid smooth your skirt.
'Ian and frcpulen, mud
dy. Kn I low color vanish
rmicklv. Y on Reo fjav ??hy
dnv improvement until
your skin is all you long
for; rrea my- whit e, satin
Bmooui, lovriy. iNo disappointments;
no long waiting for results, Honey
back guarantee. largo box o'
Nadinola J?lenr)iinK Cream at nnv toilet
counter or by inail, postpaid, only 5 0o?
NADINOLA, llox 18, Paris. Tenn.
' 111 ?!>.- ?
WORMS
AND
tVewora*
?ro quickly ?xpe1l?d
from tho human nyn
tcm -with one ftinglo
doso of
Dr. PMry*i 'DEAD SHOT* Vermifugal
Wright'* rfll'co**#* ttJVS
cnnir irvirc& or, spur-*
vJV/lVI^ ML* 1 M3*%y Rym Lotion
NlUTMMd ett#M toreuM) lnflaoMMl?r?*ln?4tn Jt
frrttn Rftfnrm OI*p?nt*rr. P.O. Ba* IM, Atlanta <??
WNU? 7 34 R4