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- - - f A ~7 - ~- -..- - - DEVOTED TO SOUTHER RIGHTS, DEOCRCY NEWS, LITERATURSCIENCE ~ - ~ ~ ~ ,--"N,-. .in -e- - - L - - - -- - - VOL.Vj. ~SUM TER~IVILL E. S.-O. APIII 27, 1852. - _ _ _ _AEic~ ULITICAL, SPEEOR OF TilE NSN*JA3MMs M. I'AsoN, or VritorNIal, 0 0 in-utervention; d(eliverel in the S' nate of the United oStatt8e Ap'31,1852. 'The Senate having under con sideration the resolutions owered Mr. C0lArke with amendmeits offered by r. Seward and Mr. Cass, reafirni ng, the doctrine of nou-intervetion Mr. Mason said: Al. President: The resolutions hich iave been offered by the lion. aeble Senator from Michigan, [Mr. Ais, and also by the lionurable e6iator froin New York, . [Mr. Vard,] are directed to an oceasion tilat has passed by. They are in tendedito express the siense of the u-ited States Congress oi the ed intervention of the Euiperor1 o Mussia between Austria and Hin. Oy, onie of its dependencies. But, thoughd the beCsion is passed, these .,hoiorable Senators regarding, I douit not, the strong feeling which t as m-t'ifested in some parts of the country on the occasion of that in- i .tegotirce, have fleeled it proper to I b g the subject before lCogress, r Sorder, first, that the Congress, of I 1 $nited States may express, so I ras lies wi:i them, the sentiments o 't4he 'OlThtry, on the subject of.that v Sntervention; anid, seC0owll y, w ith 11 view to foreshadow what those it %fators, and'others who think with tl lbein,take to:he the true position of ti this governieit. and of this country, rl iY ~eFerence t s;milar occasions o wen they mhy aIwe. Nvii cir, n enot lut -our i the eople ot I believe, pretty mumh to the \I est' and ,North- a strong sens:tioni has been excited by the presence of I one of the refugees from this re-.i subjugated country of luingary, who caine ainong us-brought out under I the safe conduct of our ag, as was supposed, with a view to find repub litan home; or if n-ot, then simiiplV to niake his acknowledgments foi- that I safe conduct; but as it has tuni-led out, lie camte with a view to establish himuself as a pro; agandist in this I country; to invite the emuiils of 1 the nation to what le a1ppreheidled to be the duty that this country owed to others; and more especially to his own. The feelings iin iatiral to the occasion was very iichl ililuniied: by the peculiar talents ofi the Iaii as I a nattiral orator. And so. it has i been that your table, Mr. P-esident, I now has on it ineimorials and petitions i from various parts ofr the contry asking the government to review, iliI order to remodel, the policy that has been the guide of this colitry for1 the last half century in its inter course with and in its relations to foregn countries. Sir, the resolution which has lCbeei offered -by the Senator from Michi gan, adverting to this armed inter ference of Russia between Austria anQd--luilgary, expresses, on die p.art of the United States, the declaration "that they have not seen, nor could thiey again see, without deep con cern, the violation of this principle of national indepenidenice,'" the piipleI being, as recited ini the resolution. that which is an undoubted law of nations, that one nation has niot the right to interfere w'ith tihe do mestie concerns of ano the r. -The resolution of the Senator from New York goes a little further. In that resolution it is declared that "The United States, ini defeniCe of their own interests anid of the coin mnon interests of mankind, dlo solemn~l ly protest against the conduct of Russia on that occasion, as a wanton and tyrannical infractiaon of the laws of nations; andl the United States do further declare that they will-not hereafter be indifferent to similar acts of national injustice, op pression, and usurpation, whenever 2- or Wherever they may occur." The sanction under which these A resofutions were offered to the worjd pro pretty much the same in both~ instances. The Senator from Miehigan says that "dhe United States Cannot sce without deep con ,cern any -future violation," &c.; anid the &mator from New York says , thate e"cannot see it with mndiffetr Sence?''" The import of the two ex liressions, I apprehend, being pi-etty much the ante.bu they ot goa to this extent, that it is the duty of th United States to express a pu'y on their pat t, shou'd there be an future intervention by otne forei g nation in the donestic conceins u another. Mr. President, the reasons whie Senators have assigIed itn sustaini; these resolutions have gone furthe than the resolutions themselves lhey have shadowed fort-soin mtore distinctly, some less so, and refer espcially to the remarks of* th Scriator from New York. [Mt Seward,] and those or the Senlato rcomo Luttisiana, [Mr. SoIle] -tIhe tave shadowed forth otn the part o tlese hotnorable Senators this ide. --that the time was ait hand whet i Jecame this country to r-view it: iolicy in this respect, ilthough noit expressed in latigiage suflicientl 4Ointted to ellable its to ttderstt .( what extent that review shouli )> carried. ]ut the howrable Senator f:ron IAohtisiania weitt somtewhat filther Le undertouk ti show that tha vhich hal bei assumed as bein lie poliev of Washinitgtonmt--a suIjeie [ late much disctssel at ptblic :tcet nIgs in the eoutntry as well as itn the iewspapers-was a s rt fof historica isconCptioi-that there h4ad bee o such policy at all, or if there hall cen, that it was a .poliey adoptvd lily for an oceasion, and wlhich vw!d hhll the- occaSionl whiebl galve it birth1. his su ggstit would s.ett to redcr pruier thatlLU we wiml go back to te early hist)ry of the comtt rv, aml aee from their first begiting, th il-s anl m imn whih it is alhe ed, n our part, were instituted Iv t atlers of tihe I-p ' iue, t s our intereo rau 'i tions to foreign p. I wr, a bVo. uh rOm.1inently bIef'ore- the country-: Firtst, in the wars . "ll ing th reach revolutiton i, tovard;s the Chsi fthe., last ceniturv. Secondlt W1n the thre-atenedt inter. entitt of the 'lil v Alliance' Le u eent Spaitn ;tail hIer Americanlt cult Third, on the invitatiI.n to thi: ,oveannentt by the S411th A mttiemrl epublies. ti meet themL' itt a Ctngres t Patma. The first arose' innafe(iatel v afIi ie olgatnizatiol of the govermeitt. ashin-tgtonl vas imtratd ridniihltt in 17s89. l hi clbra elI procil tioll of1 ie trtialitY iy smit tm 1 ). o this Irtclimnmatiin hi, ,ty goes hack as the great hum-ilt m in evory review of outir policy. I vill be useful, tlthIrefoe, brieflly t. -ecall time position oft' the cilutntry .t ie time, atd tite occas itn tha Fr 11omn the comm~lleneenwn(qt (1f Ilh( kinetricam revolitilm, Fi ante 1u.1 ojiked to the m11t3imate sepati England amii Iter Americatn colinie xith ant eye of favor, awut, as a cor equec, nothing i as left undtime i htet'irpart to citgager Fnamnce int th son ttest. Dr)t. F"rankitlinta beeni setnt tl P'atis to comnciliate rte good will o lbat coutrty, amid to pr ou re aid. [Ie was kitndly atnd gracioutsly m ereis y'd, thomtgh not formanully acka wktd ; das the reptresenttative of his comt Lty. But soon thle faivor of tht F'rnch court wvas strongly t. vince by peitmit ug uidlitaty stores andi~ oth er supplies to he shipped to Atttmrca andti even vessels of war* to be amte andmu eqippedjC~ int her ports agains~ Entglanmd. Th'le graititudie of tt counttry tus st'urongl awvakened'm -fii evenm by such conniivai'ne mranice it eurr'med the hauzam:-d~s of a wari-w'a soonm more keettly excited by tht trecaty of 1776, by whieb shte mad herself a party belligerenit, amtd gual anteed our intdependtetnce. It w'as t be expected, thierefore, that hth Amietrican people wouhl stroingly syni pathmize withl those of Frtanceo, wholi they were soon after founid in a hik struggle for freedom as was foih belie ved, against a league of f'orecig despots. Thme year 1793, just tent years a ter thme imiiependence of the Untite States hand bieen fitnallyv established bi the teaty of' peace, f'ounmd outr o1 enemny, Englauid, confederatedi atrms ith Austriat. i'rutssiai, Satdini; atnd thme Uniited NeTthterlanids, again repumblican France. TIhe occnsi< wats imnhminently calculated to untsett thte judgermnt of thn cnutrtty TI -despots of Europe, in league to e subjiigate republican France, that France who, but ten years, shor: year's, before, had been our allv inl a like contest with oie of those. very powers thenl ariled against her. Fortuiately for the eveit, tihe des= tinies of tie couni try wNere t hen Imiler r the guidance of meii who were states men, as wel as Iltriots. ThICy were (to borirow the apI!roprliate word of the Senator from L iu'sianla) [Mr. Soun.:] 'impaSsir'- ill iloved bV the Stitrlir 'xcitement of tie oe. easioni; they took coinisel ('nlly of the duties they owed to their on ii coun Itry TheV well knew that, hiowev er equally our coilltry had ieape.h tile beinefit, .Fraice iin beco'li: oir01 al8, as actuated, as atiis almls are actuated, by consideratins,fit, of her own inte'rest. France amd Englanitd were then tile great rival powers of tile worl, anl at that very julietin-e, tL.e f0orm-1 yet sliliari'l ill( er was y niid'er the 1umtii ibtiolls of the treaty (f Pari o f 176, by whih she lust her posse'ssios ill North America, anid Elahlll t had acquirel thIllm; awl, withiout dispar gte imp.ortanlt aid whici We hid derived from Fraiiee, they kiiew, also, that she hadi 119A notcihiiitted her self ta a rlieael with EIngholllul until tile suCCess of ourt arms in i thle i3un vaign of 1777, in the plains lI New JCIsey, followell by the st.rreinder of hi irgoyne at :aratfig:a, showed our couitry capable of umimtaining the iolepemtlence it had declare . Ill fill, they knew that the fi r:. it* nit the sinle 01h jct ' oFy c t wea11ken r 1al, b i- : it his u1St Chi-I- : is lixedt il Lis deter1 inifl1l lIn t to akwldebult to S1n11 ort thle r n-1epIlelece tiat In doinIg this hie toi.;hlt problably bie soonl eng~agedl inl a warkl, yet- he shlouH~ n..t cx;.et any com nlait' l hfrimI tile Uniite I ates onl ihat account0, n11r un:s it pre ti lel that lit actIte: Iw ll fv tilt ib asinice beit lesII his real godi t I to thimi, it u mn''.(ly iI iter esft (of Fran ill Ih J1iu'er' Ef-AI11f/ lanid e/lm .l 1- fii is imi li fi' sepltyation (Pt' thw coloniit s from its t/aernwt.The onl1Y e.mdviti- nt he( s l.%f ji r e f l re, falf' f' ly I , wol5 / i tif he, that the Unitedl tlas, il un petane t4 bi e nuIII , AshI l 1'.v o th i indle de c :n l return1-t. beience t the r1hith ' tOe me t'.- m a 's JI str 'il elit tit it st1' il h -li the I l ed e orilt the respiti'-ios iit of the1.1 trea t pll1t 60iilti t1 iaaranllt i ti Flia e1 her est Inila }dis h the w' Inoile that AieSrica shuib make T 'llf ai tl to tilheb war - T sw w at peace, Ilh 1ull' Franc e w. ts at wir: Ia 4d, h dire hlnl ofh~i( Pre iet Wain, the prtllott~ - ilreb i til lite cont ry,~tlt 'f 'as isn wit al ori'l powers tun- tler ithe' la sof t h cliounr -n tigio Itab for thenn %l i. Sic, but it b ti1. lily ao 'nfrss,ic t, iIit sesIoI' whomi i hihyt the dStaits hav th'tel~ awn tito (tillest~n to the dsens t fe netine ybllgrn which that situation, w1ith its sur ron:.ding peils~ made ima,1 it.'' And again "It came to be delated in cabinet council low fill, i issuiig that pro. clamnation(, Gen1eral Washington ( had not tralnscendedh i6 powers vested iii thie Presiden, by thle Constitutionl; anld we have thu nutholity t Mr. Jeffrsol to thefi'cet-that 'he apolo gi*7d for the u'eof the tern-. xEu TnRALITY.' "'he Iresident,' Ireinarks IN] r. Jefferison, 'dcolared lie never had :II idea that I -c'iiitind Congress againist declariia a, 01or it any. thing c'Jnitaine Ii nproclamation could look be niid ip day of their meietingd-. N "The President .ad j 6 had but otie object -the k. iving ipeople quiet tilCongvress sudgh. The impresi'tit Auld seem to be eonveVed b tlihonorable Sena tor in tlie exprirMijj thius .S4, is, that this prtentio'kSns one in. tenadedl only to iuidt' 14oliev alto 'ether traisieniat p19 that shouil lie with the ex,,nbf f'ili had giv en rise to it; an. ltt' from the "'Ana" of Mir. . ~ published wiihi his cor N .0 . r oi., to hIowe whiait . enera ton - hi self Lhouighlit of tr 1itfilton. Ile savs that G ii l t 1gron de. elare.1 that l , f 4C Coin :nittinig C .'u a re-A 'ht PrU iaa tion;: but tiuul I.i.-va t "keep the I iull M nress shld1 ineet."' -did not requjiire any decht.. part f eral \ash I I a tonvhat the charltie 1 r oi liation wat"* for th. 11.roe 3~n~~ek or a ao h 'tSident, were tio. Wash in.;-n eehieddiddeclaredi cor e1etly, that the proielaliation original. tedl nthing. It was no enactiiient of a law. It was a silliple dechara tion of the existing re lations htweei this casitry ani all f .reigi powers relations nlot arilsing fromi lis; Will, noIt creatted by? thle prloebuatiion, but existinig under the haws. His pur pose at'- sole object was, to deciare to the Ainerican peoleI, the oliya tillo lieh existing haws imposed u1ponl thetin. Whiat were tho laws ? La:Iws recognwizing that this coinlitrv w7as at peace witl, all th' world. And the proclaiation was nothing liin)re., thaix that beilig at litalct, it w;.as his duty, as the coisvervator (it tie halws, to se that that pCac>e wJaS not br-kenl. ir, paltit's WO SomewhInat divi led1 alt that day uon the l.Iiey wi ch it heel:lne this conitry to pursue to waris Fraiev; one party assertilng that11- propervi posidenl Nnas neuitrall ity, alther I arity assertin.; that WO 01ugh1t t etinlbark ill the w ar--that it was a <lity whicl we teid t4 (ir :nicielit ally, to sils:ain her in her Warl fo. ai she. had reetysustained us,. Bilt, unti61 wal- was it-chlril by tie O ilYgaes of thet L'nited Stratecs, whto aloe were'c be o diilference~u of iionut aus to the duty of m the. Excutive, to take careo that thie Ieace' ofn the coutiiv wais in eSer edh. 'Ihe counlti rywa ten new. Thet (C -ns:iunii'n was niew. It. 0 aas colloparaltiiely unitrlied. Thle thie iLheetiveu'. andi toi the (Con..tress lbe gaitheiedl hrom ~ the iiumens cuiiec' the :Liadis ofi a-at'inen oh that dlay. It udoes applear, oni the rebutjiin ofl i'lr. dJelrson, thaut ini t he cainiit. miuoisionly, A lexanider I iauniltoni, whlise iaitiaiianj opini ins upon the subh jec t of power wet aill knowi. flaanced then op'iion, that ltere was soinetliba. inorei ilotelnt iti tis prochluination of neiutraility, thain a mere1 decia rattion of th l e! xistinlg staite of thlings;. I haunihoii seieed to haive enter-tainiedi the oiihn. that it was coittmetent fir thec Presideti of ii th Uiitedl St at.s, by aprcna tioUni of etralhity, to err a ne-u. tra//; andi hie went so fir ini n:aiin talininlg hlis pJsittin, ais to dehclare his bliefc that t, urnder th~e treat y-miakmii: po~we r it was compelitent for the Pi denit ofi the Senaite, to stiplulate a neu1 r ralii ty with a foreign nia tion i, a id thereby t ake away from thle Coniigress of the Uited States the right' to deuclarac wair in tha tit p ariticuir~ case. Ini this brioad~ opinioni, Air. 1Jlimniltnon seeins to have been sust ained ho EhnItiniid R1anidolph combated it; and General vashington, it would seem agreied with them, decharing as reported by Mr. Jeflerson, "that he had but one ojiect, that . of keeping the people riiiet until Congress iet.' The proclamation, in truth, origina ted nothingi; it created iIoth. m1g. It eStbslied the stat is of the Country, onIly I itil Conigress should meet. Bit, it declared the opinion or President Washiington as to the duty of his country, and that that duty was neutrality. The 6Cnator from Louisiana whose absence I very much regret, because I ama commenting on the very able speech which lie delivered here a few days ago,,and which, I doiubt iot, will have its eflfct upon the country ill the decision to which they will cme on this question-in s;peaking of this proclamation, says further: "A war had just broken out lie tweeni France and England-I should say, between France aid coalesced Eum o;e, Frn ice alone struggling for her liberties and the liberties of mankind, against the wor-ld in arms. The Iliestioi arose, wihat part A merica should act in that awful con. fliet. Woiubl she redeem those pledges which arlent and enthusiast. it: miniids had persuaded themselves that she uas under, andtaking-the part of France, strike by her side for the liberties of the world? She could not join Eiigland in a crusade against those liberties. Would shie thenr, participate in the struggle, or woud 0 she ather remain a quiet slietato:-f the -gigantic Scene, Wa necessity-- I.., mfer' liT*'phr c choose the last alternative" lie lere convevs the idea that the American peol;le wete deterred from embarking in that war with France, onil Le.ause of their debili. tated condition. That, lie holds, was their "niecessity." Now, I ap pirehieid the history of that period shows very dil'erenutly. Washington izsIued the proclamaation of neutrality in A pril. C(nIg ess met inl the iisunig Dcecimber; and so far fromn meclaring :niy war. with a view to ni 1. our 1nmer all v France, Conl gress I assed, from titte to tine, a a series of hus to protect this coun try in the leit alitv thus established. I Thigis wsent so far, as we know from the history of the times, that Con g rcss at hist authirizedI reprisals to be made agailist France, on account of spoli ation on American commerce: ael Ythe scene closed by a fIrmal net of the Ctiongcss of the Uinited Suites, recwtlinH/ (lie treaty of 1778. an1i with it all the guarantees whielb it had ImIfiade to France. I luii :nlinue this for the puirpose of showing that:, so falr as the sidrit of tile Amteican peOPle is to be ascer tained Iiro the legislation of the ouinty, duiriing the hole of that t in* I peiod, Congress sustained the President i* the Uinitel States inl hiaet ral I oli, an i~i~ assied every law wh lich they cousidered would coinduicc ti. the pireservationi of neu tiality, ami ketp Ithe counitry free It is knoiiwni, M\lr. Presidentta Mr. Jefersoni, w~hio afterwards be enaie thien ed of thle repIuiblicaii, as hsting uihed from the federal partyv mi ~ . he coutryitI, wats a miemlbe2r of Generai l Walshing.'s - ahiniistra tion.i lis sympathi fies and kinidness towardi s the people of Francee, niono Iir evert~ d';bted; but Mr. Jeffer *son wa a statesim;,i. lie sustained Wa shsiintll in issuingl the prohrma tion, asfhe siusiained the government thiereafter ini the priniciples up~oni whlieb it hsad benci issucd . In look ing back to that day , I havo taken ani extract fromi a lctter written by M\ r. J etfei son, then S retary of State, to Mlr. M~orris. thien inistei' of this co i iuntr in England, datted A ugust Ii, im 1, in which lie states: "Uni lie decharan of( war bie tweei'n Frnce and England , the United States la ing at peace wvithu biothi, their situa uion was so new and unecxpeiienlcedl by thremselves that our citizenis wer.: n >t. in the instant sensible of thie new duties resulting th erefromii, andi of the irestraint it would ipose even onm their disposi tions5 towards the belligerent powers. ifm lthem imnagined (and chiefly their C tansient Aealfariing citizens) that thety were fre. tio iidulgo those disnositions. to take sides wnh either party, and enrich thems vesy de predations 'or, the cornmerce of the other, 1 andmeditat.ting enterprisel of this nature,,as there -was reason to believe. In this state of public mind, and-berore it should take'an errone ous direction; difficult to be setight and 'ddngeroui to;. temselvds 'and their country, the' Prepident thodght it expedient, through the chan of' a proclaination, to ,remind our feldiv citizens that we were in a state of peace with all the belli ent poers; that in that statO it. was . onu. duty neither to. aid or iijure an-; to ex. hort and -warn them against acts which might contravene this duty, and particularly those of positive hostility, for the j'uriishusent of w''hich the laws would bd appealed to; and to put thIem on their gua Id also, as to the risks they would run if ihey should attempt to carry articles of contraband to any. ;''his proclama tion, ordered on the 19th and signed on the 22d of April, was sent to vou in niy. lqttir of the 20th of the same month.' In a Subsequent part of the same dispatch, the secretary says: "Mr. Genet, not cotitent 1ith using our force, whether we'.will or not, in the military 111e against na tions with whom wo are at peace, undertakes also to direct the civil government; and--partieutidrly for the executive andAlegislativo bodies, to pronounce what powers may or may not be exercised by one or the other. Thus, in his, letter of June 8th he. promises to respect th'e politi cal opinion of the President till the represwntatives shall Iave ton n s er .. - une more openly that the President ougIt not to have taken on himself to do. cido on the subject of the letter, but that it was of importance enough to have consulted Cungress thereon; and in that of June 22d, lie tells the President in direet terms that Con gress ought already to have bdon oc eupied oi certain questions which he had been.too hasty in deciding; thus making himself, ind not the Presi. dent, the judge of the powers ascribed by the Constitution to the Executive, and dictating to him the occasion when le shall exercise the power of con vening Congris at an earlier day than their own act had prescribed." Mr. Jefferson there shows the purpose of this proclaimation-that it carried with it his approval-and that it was a paper declaring the ex istiing state of things between this country and the rest of the world, requiring neutrality in the war then existing between Fiance and the al lied powers. I need riot recall to the memdries of Senators how severely the sympa thies of' the poeple of this country w ere tried in the state (f things that thei existed. The whole, or nearly the whole of Europe was armed against France. She was appealing to us, niot only through our national honor, hut through treaty stipulations to give her aid. She sent a miinister over hierec-the celebriated Genet who thought that lie had a right to appeal fi-om ilhe governmmerdt to the peophe, and to coercee the government through the peCople, to depart from its neutral policy. Bunt Congress bustain ce1 the admtiisitration ini theO position of neutrality, andl it was never dcpayt ed from. And why? Not because o m people did not syxnp~athmze w'ith the peole~I of France, but because our peoplle felt, and our statesmecn kneow, that the first great duty of the coon tiry was to itself, and that nothiing should lead theern to embark in a. war between foreignm powers, but (heir own dirdet and imnmediate interest. For die purpose of showing the ex tent to whuien the government of France went in that (day, in attempt ing to break downm the Administration which issued this proclamation, I an nmex hero an extmact froiW a letter ltd.. dressed by Genet, the French minis ter, to Mr. Jeffersoni as Secretary of State, after the latter had retquesta od his iecidli "Persuaded that the sovereignty of the United Stated resides essen tially in thme people, and its represen tations in Congress; p)ersuaded that thme Executive p~ower' is the only one which his beeni confided to the President of the United States; per snadedl that this magistrate has not the right to decide qjuestions,* the decision of which the Constitution reserVes ar iciad j pers'"pided I ey to bend existilare stanices, anTo" persuad, a i by all the tyranttQ.ts. It A1 publiciab..-prmecipl'e s the 'serious d' I had deferredf i i ti - th0 e re inaint'aning ood a Fre, nlealin eiminefit befoe Ithi ej tan reprrs a e t were to assembe, te iiS pondenabce.whijh haO tak4L writimg, between you d the political riglrtspifFra tieuldir; olii in1tares = liberty; and ow the act tions, and dewAions aftoi of 4ie United Statit, L objects which reqliirb nature thie saitionot body. Hovo' gentlemen whbvhaa -eo u me so ofteil as aritocrat.,s ... of monarchy, partias ot of heir constitutioj, nt1ind . ly, eneies ofthe prind p ll good Frenm b with a religiou en dt at ;lie popmlrity hi e r n th .gin:.r o Ftaneci Aettion of the ime-ica, I the French repibd glorious caus d Ldar med to tirn n e t ra ce, reports; when the deuneimaton w those same Meti have exciVi Priesident to ciibit oaii throtf-l Mr. Morris, came' hands." 'The Senator froi Louisini der to show that General NVsh ngti himself %ias not, iridisposed w from the neutral policy naintai his proclamation, litis jderrea tiy. presssioiis ehi he tsed in t - truetion given to Mr. Monroe.who he was sent us ministef to Frar show that 1rCsideiit Weignn tainled Soile idea of all obli6 ti tie part of his goVernnii:t, to bet wenn Fraihee 'iAd thie efie i f Franee. . '. In the instructidns to M then I inister to France, the of State, sreiking ir the-P Nfildt Says under daite of Jnne 10t . ".IIfe )s been an early. * 4 jAde friend ofJ ihe French revolfi ' - whiatt-ve'r reason there., a . ukider our ig irancev of facts i ey, to n uiend opidon ngoli 1o e its inportant rinsaectibhs, yet disdhe imaniutuble in his Wishes. 'ritsI ti plishrrent; incapable of aeshia1t .gAito t ie right to any foreign pt tired. - die with ip. interarrma en .and persuaded that suce s wl ien theit (ellorts, and particularly,' that Kunion among themselves is an ihipre abl bari rii i.taii t exter :d lisaultfi rcivii bthe. F,rench gover maia strctinslieaya uthor'ized f say that the President .gvas ineagat lor "aesntng"to the right of any" ' d piniCe to meddle with thq Irter~'. rangemeients of Franeb. At th'at'tgie there were fiva poweri Uf' Europe'in. allia:nce to pnt dowti the revolutiois in Fran1ce, an-d this~ b*pression of' ,th P reidenit seem-s jpealed to, toevlke that lie consIideried there Wans residelit lin this .unti-y, a right to iiiteit fe be. tweecn that aliinei~e and the aeople of Fran1ce. Thle expression is, * ePrs dent was incapable of assenatiny;t' to word is clearly not to lbe aken iibdta literal sense; because 'literalythe President could neither asserit,' n'de desent, to an act of independent pdwer, If not received literally, theni its m u ing is to be gathered from the ite\ and that clearly imports only, thal tr f President ws incapable of artlmi or* avowing the right.* And ge Tis' seeiris to lbe appealed to by 'the hcofo. le Senator, to show, thait President WXashinmgton: thereby Isnplled' Momo coneiotsnmess &,t ii dIeity, on his pattft interfere biet'teecn France; dna the~ ne. mhies of the liberties of Frnice, Thle Senator hais alsho ad vertedto'jgh instructionis given to Mr. Jay, as'mi ister to E~nglanid, ini 1704& tb that the Preslident had it in con~en niinister fb' England for'th&'p& of negoeinting; if' he 2661,tath treaty with her, a-t would q' AYfp, the enm arra:ssmienit9j~~ hV