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-r Vl>' " V ' *' ' > \ ',| :i i ^? -v , r t ^ xmnir xxvi. ~ca>roen.s.c., thfrsday| jmb!!' t ?? in aagttwa??? PUBLISHED WEEKLY BY ^ THOMAS W. PEGUES._ TERMS OF SUBSCRIPTION. Three Dollars a year Casii?Four Dollars fiT payment is delayed three months. KATES or ADVERTISING. I'EB SQUARE. For the first insertion. SI.30: for t he second. ! Si.00: for the third. 73 cents; for each sub- ; sequent insertion, 30 cents. Semi-monthly. Monthly and Quarterly ad- : vcrtiscnients, SI.30 each insertion. The- space occupied by ten lines (solid, of this size type) constitutes a square. Payment is required in advance front transient advertisers, ami as soon as the work is done, from regular customers Contracts made for yearly anil half yearly I advertising (payable quarterly) made on mpderato terms. AGRICULTURAL. From the Columbus Enquirer.' WHAT WE N L" ED. JEconomy?Live at Home?Increase I the Productions of our Lands. j These we conceive to he the great j essentials necessary to.succeed in plan- i ting in the South under the free labor system. However we may have lived and planted, under the slave lahor system, we of the South will have to act, in regard to these things, as the whole free lahor world has and docs still act, to succeed in making money by farming. First, then, economy is essential. We must no longer expect to have our thousands as the proceeds of our lands to spend extravagantly in dress, fine cquippagc, traveliingat the North and in Europe, visiting watering places, &c.: to raise our children luxuriously, in idleness, and teach them, in too many instances, practices and habits that will unfit them for usefulness in society, in after life; hut for years to come, we must expect to husband our resources, huv hut little, and only what we are compelled to have, and cannot raise or make. If we have no money to buy fine clothes, and carriages, and other like things, and nothing to barter for them, that is our own, and can be spared, go without, until we have means to spare; 1 do not cjo in debt, unless it is to keep from Actual suffering. Learn econo-1 my in all things; it may be a haul lesson for many of us to learn, but 1 one we must learn, ami that in its .strictest sense, if we ever rise from the low state of prosperity in which A the war has left us. Humility is the .royal road to exaltation?so surely is economy the first certain step to plenty and independence. Second, live at home on your plantation. This every planter must do lo succeed well in planting. s. Ifow live at home? I low is it possible to live at home, and pay my debts, unless I plant large crops of cotton to pay with, to the neglect of the necessaries of life ? I answer, you will not make money, nor pay your debts, if you do. The day is past and gone, for years to come at least, for any planter to make large sums of money by planting large crops of cotton, as the experience of planters in ISCti and 18G7 fully demonstrates. . What then will we do?how pay outdebts ? asks every otic. I answer, in the first place, by saving all you make, over the real cost of living in a plain manner. Secondly, by living at home, instead of in towns and cities and snendin? Dart of each year in , ~ J 0 L m travel, kc. Save all these sums, and they will go a great way toward paying your honest debts. Live at home, by raising everything that your family and stock; iieed to subsist upon ; raise full crops ! of corn, fodder, peas, oats, potatoes, J turnips, vegetables, kc.; and be sure J to save all the grass you can on your j . plantation, at the proper time?to I sell it for hay, or feed your stock upon, j as you may need. I know a planter ; near Columbus, who now has baled and under shelter in good condition, gathered on his farm, 70,000 pounds j gr ?5 tons of good hay.. Raise and i gave these things, and then you can ! -raise well your stock of all descriptions?cows to give you plenty of ,milk and butter, and they will do it -if fed plentifully on peas, turnips, :&p. Raise your own meat, and some to .sell. Your peas and turnips, with .gome little corn, will fatten your hogs well. 1 know a farmer in Russell county, who fattened 103 head of '.'kpgs almost entirely on turnips, in 1?06. paltry, that you may have penty of-eggs, &c., to. eat and sell. Get into the old fashioned way fit raising your own horses, mules, &c., and then when sure that you, ?sj jy?.**** are raising everything you will need, and plenty of it to support on, raise what cotton you may be able, over and above a living, to pay debts with. In this way you will be able to gradually and certainly reduce your indebtedness yearly, and soon will become a free ma/i again, owing no man anvthing, and having an abund? i.? ^ O ance of all needed things at home. Live at home, then, by raising all the supplies you need. Live at homo by staying home, and attending with diligence to your farm ; just as the merchant, the mechanic, the manufacturer does, from Monday morning to Saturday night?gives Lis earnest and undivided attention to his business. This the farmer must also do, if he. succeeds and lives well under i the free labor system. . ( Third, increase the productions of your lands. This you must do?but how can this be done? First, by planting a smaller num- ( I./.I. /.c .I/.V..O A li lfti-.nr iiu \vi? follow ? ' V 1 VI ll v I v 0? i I,..' , Ut^ " V I V v ? the old system, of cultivation, labor- i inwith all our might ami main to n c see how many acres we can cultivate, i we shall fail of success. Plant few acres, select your manure to these i few acres; am!, if necessary, purchase sonic other fertilizers, guano, hone <1 us*, &e., to enrich still move these few acres, comparatively; cultivate them well, plough deep, thoroughly ; prepare your ground, put in your seed properly and at the right time, and your labor mid expense will bowell remunerated. By this system you will improve your lands by enriching those you cultivate, and those you do not by resting them. You will by this system produce more with fve hands than with fifteen under the old system. A penny saved i is a penny earned, is an old and true j maxim. There crti be no doubt whatever, that with proper cultivation and ma- I nuring well, that the lands generally 11 of this section will produce three times more than under the old system.? < Ilence, to produce as much, it will 1 only require one third of the lahor.? ; You can calculate for yourself what; you will save by this system o'' planting, in labor and plow stock alone ; ! saying nothing of the responsibility, care, ami vexation attendant upon planting with a large : umber of la- j borers you will be re ieved fr? in. Then improve your lands, enrich i them, cultivate well, live at home, economize your means, at d }*ou will iind that you will soon be free from debt, and increasing in means, having full barns and ciibs, fat horses and Itogs. and plenty of ail things to make glad the hearts of all at home, I and will aid* materially in cniiihingj the country as of old, ami even more ' abundantly. W. Columbus, Ga., Dec., 18GT. Useful Information.?An excellent house-keeper was overheard lamenting.that a reaek had been made in her conking .stove. i<or the benefit of all such, we publish the follow- ; ir.g vead v mode of mending cracks in j stoves and iron ovens, as practiced in j Germany: ' When a crack is discovered in a stove, through which the fire or smoke ' penetrates, the aperture may be completely dosed in a moment, with a composition consisting of wood ashes and common salt, made up in a paste with a little water and plastered over the crack. The good effect is equally certain whether the stove be hot or Cold." j The whole number of patents issued from the Patent Office during the past year is 13.015, being an increase of 3,515 over tbc number of last year, which was 9,500. For the week enping on Tuesday, January 7, 203 patents will be issued. During the iwef uiii.L- 4.00 jinrnioatious and lit* ty caveats were filed. Brains vs Money.?A good joke is told on a young man who attended a social party a few evenings since. The conversation turned on California and getting rich. Tom remarked i that if lie was in California he would, 1 instead of working in the mines, waylay soinfi rich miner who had a bag full of gold, knock out his brains, gather up the gold and skedaddle. One of the young ladies present quietly replied that he had better* gather up the brains, as he evidently stood in more need of that article than of gold. Tom sm sided for the balance of the evening. MISCELLANEOUS. Won't Jolificat'e?For Good Reasons.?'I'lie Honourable A. II. II. Stuart having been invited by a committee to a banquet to be given in Wasnington on the 8th day of January, courteously declines the invitation for very proper reasons. We give his letter below, and commend it most heartily. "Words fitly spoken are like apples of gold in pictures of silver:" Staunton, Va., Jan. 2,1808. Ccntlcnirn : I pray you to accept my thanks for your kind invitation to attend a banquet to be givcil at the Metropolitan Hotel, in the City of Washington, on the 8th instant, under the auspices of leading members of the Conservative Democratic party. Under ordinary circumstances it would be peculiarly gratifying to me to participate in the festivities of that occasion, and to enjoy "the feast' of reason and l!ow of soul, wtneit, i doubt not, will give zest to your entertainment. But situated a# I. am;? disfranchised as a citizen, denied the political priviiiges which arc accorded to my negro servant, repelled from 'lie hall of the House of lleprcsentali ves, to which I was elected almost by acclamation; my native State, the proud old mother of Washington, and llenrv, ami Jefferson., unrecognized save as Military District No. 1 ?I must confess I would feel somewhat out of place at your board. In former days, when I visited Washington as representative of the people, or as the associate of Wehster, Crittenden, and Corwin, in the executive councils of tho nation, I felt that, in the eye of the law at least, I was the peer of the loftiest in the land. I was privileged to think freely and > < i- ii ? ? 'i*....i to .SpOHK ireeiy on ill! manors ui puulic ooncorii. Were I to join your! circle now. I should feci painfully conscious of the difference between your position ami mine. No military ardor can consign vnu to a dungeon b'-yo id the roach of habeas corpus, iind no persuasive bayonets admoiP"! i>li you tospoak with "bated breath." With liiethe ease might be diiTerent. But be that as it may, while Virginia mourns I cannot rejoice. While the cypress encircles her brow, I cannot twine tlie myrtle round my own. 33iiI may I not hope that the present condition cf tilings is temporary? If 1 do not misinterpret the signs of the times, the day is near at hand when, by the mandate of a magnanimous people, the .shackles will he stricken from the limbs of Virginia :ii d her Southern sisters, and there shall be given unto them '"beauty for ashes, the oil of joy for mourning, and the garment of praise for the spirit of heaviness." When that glorious day shall hare arrived I shall be happy to meet you and your fellow-patriots around tlie festive board, and, on behalf of Virginia, to offer a "* ' *? / . wiiJing a in! Iiearly trinutc or graniudc to the riohJe Conservative Democrats who set her free. Respectfully, vonr obd't servant, A LEX.'i I. II. STUART. J!ich won d Jjixpalch, Tin- Nt:w York ilerald nominate president johnson for ii13election.?The New York Herald concludes as follows a leading editorial which it considered of sullicicnt importance to publish both on Sunday and Monday: ' The issue is clearly defined.? There is no possibility of smothering it up or dodging it. There is the patriotism and conservatism of the President on the one hand and the selfish and destructive policy of the Radicals on the other. Mr. Johnson, while lie proposes to secure the freedom of the emancipated negroes and-to give them every chance to raise themselves in the scale of civilization, desires the early restoration of the t?outh through the action of the intelligent white people. The Radicals would only restore the South on the basis of negro barbarism for the sake of perpetuating their power through negro votes. The people everywhere are taking sides on this great issue, and by next November it will be so well understood that the election will turn upon it and it alone. Mr. Johnson's policy, as shown in his messages to Congress and in his firm resistance tc negro supremacy, will and must be the platform on the one side, and negro supremacy, with a negro balance of power as provided for in the Rc construction acts and course of r , Radical Congress, will bo the plat fornfonjlhe other. ' The election cannot be icon tested on any o theorem nd.Thir^pdpular name' of Graht or any other U^ro of the war will have little weight against the great principle involved. Should Grant take a * jminatio^ on the-Radical platform, hewill be defeated, as another ^popular, get.eral, Scott, was.. Men .01% names will amount to. little .in the".coming contest; principles wilf.^everything. Nor can he or any other c^nclidatc succeed Jjiy ignoring the . Jainciples at issue and;by standing up?n personal popularity only., Mr. Johnson stands alone^ Present ps the ^preventative cf tl)e^X^T5is?rv"utiye side, made .the i^V add tli'c sblhtmrv^fkdepcTids jjpdn. his action.. ,IIe is, as lras'bjQetT said before, master of the situation. lie cannot /be set aside. J lie mtfit either be the Conservative candidate, or must name one to take J his pljkce. Mr. Chase is the veprcrenla^ve of the) other side?of Hadi-1 calistii, of negro supremacy, of a negro balance of power, and of all other extremes of.,the Radical party.? Shoup.hc and Mr. Johnson be the opposSftg candidates, they would represent, fully ami clearly the principles involved. It is possible, however, thktth.o lhidicals may wish to use Grantor some, popular general with a view qf extricating themselves i'rom the dilemma they are in. But no one can bring them salvation. The President has broken their party to pieces; they have nothing to stand upon? and next November will seal their fate forever. The reaction'which set in powerfully through the elections last Fall wi'l now be followed by a political revolution that will utterly destroy lliern." M I'.nDKR wn.r. Ol'T.?Eleven years ago, I)r. John Marsh, of South Danver.vMass., and a graduate of Harvard College was murdered in Contra Costa county, California, whither he had emigrated after spending some years.on the western frontier. The muifdjfr took place in a lonely locali w'as otrlTre'waylo Sarr Franciseo to he married. The murderers obtained several hundred dollars in gold from his person, and one of them was subsequently arrested, I but for waist of sufficient evidence the j trial was deferred, and in the mean time lie escaped Iroui jail and fled the country. Within a year a man named Fosset, who had witnessed the j murder and shared the money, muttered while intoxicated, that lie knew all about the murder, and on being : arrested made a fu'l confession. It appears (hat he was a boy at tiie time ! of the murder and employed iri the i family of one of the assassins, who i were three in number, Juan Garcia, j Felipe Moreno and Jose Antonio j Olivias. lie was with them when j they committed the deed, but never | lisped a word of the guilt till lii.s ai> ' rest. Ilis confession led to the arrest j ot Olivias, who made a clean breast j of the affair and turned State's evi| donee. Moreno was put on trial last | November and convicted by the evi; donee of Fossct and Olivias, and sentenced to the State prison for life. Thus, the old adage that justice, though slow, is sure, is again j verified. Tiik Lynchi?:<i Affair ixGkor; 01 a.?The Savanah JVi tea & Herald, | of yesterday, contains the following I report in reference to the lynching of I a negro in Jefferson County Ga./to i which, a brief allusion was made in our telegraphic columns the same day: "As early as we can ascertain a negro way-laid a young white girl in a secluded spot on a road leading ; from Louisville, and committed rape upon her, using much violence:' As j soon as the fact became known an . excited crowd white ajitl black, as! sembled and arrested the negro, who j confessed his guiit. lie was then [ tied to a tree, and burned alive.? According to one account his cars ; first burned off, and his face cut with : a knife. The crowd was very excited, i j and as violent a disposition for ven1 geancc was manifested by the negroes ..o tin, wliifrx iblinixrli m:mv of the ,: people of the county earnestly disapi proved of and protested against the , illegal course of the lynchers, as nn, justifiable, and less effective for the } public good than the ordinary course .; of the law. One statement is that ?| the Frcedmcn's .Bureau officer was . prevented from interfering by threats L against his life, and that those who . were opposed to tho movement were ' ! '1 V." _ 1 threatened at their houses. But the'' majority of the people, wjfit'e. and black", regard the act, thpu^h unsanctioned by law, as warranted in the emergency of so heinous ap offence, and as sustained by precedenfsJNorth or Sbuth. Tlie Freedmeu's Bureau Ageiit has written to Gen. Sifc^yjfor troops, who have been :sent,' |ra<f*it is very probable that parties implicated 'ill the,affair will be ariest^},',' - X -I. Painful Dfath.-h^Mi;?. ,M. V. Hides, of Columbia, Jth%.widow of \Y. 13! Uick3 who was killcdseveral years ago by W. f). Morris^.died in that ^pity.orLTijesdsy Tiist.und^'suclpi^j 'cuuistanccs asjustifierliheCoroner in' summoning a jury and holding an; inquest. A.po't-mortem examination, I field, by Dr. W. P. Geiger and John j Lynch, declared a collection.of twen! ty-two gall stones, each an inch in | circumference, contained in the gall j bladder of tlic deceased, which undoubtedly occasioned her death.? Mrs. Ilicks is described, us having suffered the most agonizing pains in the pit of the stomach, the region of the heart and the back of her head duri: g iier last illness, which toriuncatc!#y lasted but a tew hours before death came to her relief. Gov. JIaight, of California, in his inaugural, says the propriety of admitting blacks to suffrage, ^belongs to each State, to determine for itself; | had Congress been able to control j this subject, loth negroes and Chii iicsc suffrage would ^ probably have been forced upon the 'people of California, against the will of the-majority, why, ignorant of the effects of such legislation, would have inflicted upon us the evils actually intolerable. So far as California is concerned, the people of this State have expressed I their opposition, both to negro and Chinese suffrage. Colored Men Leaving the Loyal Leagues.?The Warrcnton (Va.) Jtv&x- publishes the following card from Beverly Thornton, colored, of that place, to a citizen, which explains I itself: I . .T T 7,'. TT tvinrr liflnn ? mnm. | o | bcr of the Union League, with the i understanding that it was the best | step to promote peace, but now seeing j that it is a peace-breaker of this j community, and being a lover of peace at all times, I do withdraw therefrom; Yours, very truly, BEVEKLY THORNTON. . I ~ ! "Wo arc requested, says the Index, by Daniel Brown, carpenter, colored, to say that he has also withdrawn from the League for the reasons assigned in the above card of Thornton. Wpi. Webster, blacksmith, wishes the public to know that lie has withdrawn from the League, and will not have anything to do with it. Minor Grayson, blacksmith, goes a step further. Ho will have nothing to do with the ; League, and promises to vote the conservative white man's ticket. j A negro named Ephc, who was a , regular attendant at cnuren, was proud of his Bible learning. He was sawing wood one day, while his master's son, a lad of twelve years, was looking on, and now and then asked ; questions. j "Which of the apostles do you like i best ?" asked he of Ephe. j "I likes Samson," says Ephe; "he i was so stfong, and piled theui wicked ; folks so." "Why, Ephe," said the boy, "Samson was not one of the apostles." Ephe put down his saw, looked at the youngster a moment in amazement, ami them asked him, with an air of triumph: "Look here, white boy, how old arc you?" i.'p i..^ ?? j. n ci v u. "Well I'se forty; now, who ought to know bust, I ax you dat?" A Few Hard Things.?"Experience ami observation have taught men that it is? Hard to quit chewing tobacco. Hard to keep from eating too much. Hard to drink liquor and "not'be intemperate. . *l. Hard to pay our debts. Hard to believe a man when you know him' to be a liar. llard to turn the other cheek when we arc struck: Hard to borrow money from friends when wo need it Hard to love our enemies. v. ? .? :.: . v. 1- ..J-?- -ISM.- ' Souquff Gkrmait. Mabriag e Cu8-. TOMS.-^It is a pleasant custom among'" ' ^ . these- Suafcraa people to bring little- y . 1 children ami flowers'prominently be?< -i:,' . fore them in till their pleasures. Bri-; dobpvocessions are preceded by young: * children . witjwwrerfths - bf-flowew -be: green^iea^iK; tneiji the betrotht effol1 ow/the maide^e?ased in hlackj if is of^omefHilk^thflrher short driwfis' , inacK if well to.do in this "world's' J?Uy * goods; if not, al pa cca serves h?r-r?. >' black gloves, a black shawl, a wreath of white flowers and a nosegay at he? girdle. Her lover also .wears a black^ , suit,'sometimes of tabby veHet, witli sSwi-Ver.go.%1 .l?iB ih^hisbutton-hole: The bridesmaids;' follow, and in white, with gay ribbons and wreaths of flowers* with an attendant friend, also wearing bridal fa-; vors. Then come the fa thers and mothers, with relatives and friends; the' bell on the old church meanwhile sending out a merry welcome to peasant brides, as well as' brides of a higher a degree. On. entering the church, the maiden is led to apewbv Iier bridesmaid and female friends.? "The bridgroom and bis friends meanwhile take seats in pews opposite, while the little children with .their flowers, take seats near the altar.? The old bell ceases its gay clamor, and every thing is quiet, when the pastor enters by a side door, in his black robe he ascends the pulpit, and reads the betrothed a good long sermon in pure German or Suabian,.as his judgment dictates. He is an old man, and dearly loved by his peasant folks; being a ripe scholar, he indulges his fancy when he knows thoso who have come to be joined together in holy matrimony will understand his fine periods and flowing language. He leaves the-pulpit and puts over the black robe a white linen surplice, then goes to the altar, on which is laid a bible in a leather case. The bridegroom leaves his seat for the pew where the tnaiden sits and leads her to the altar, vhtre the service is finished, which makes them I 1 _ __ .1 1 1 ? a.L _ nusnanu anu wne.j; vn leaving, jne husband receives from flie pastbrj the bible, with an injunction to read and be governed by its teachings, diligently and with the fear of God. He then depositee in the receiving plate a bit of money, and the bridal party follow, each giving what they please, for purchasing bibles for other thousands who may come after. Every bridegroom, from those who wear kingly crowns, to the humble peasant, receives a bible at the altar, when he plights his troth to his wedded wife. The bride meets at the church door as it opens for her to pass out, a group of children, her little friends, who have gathered there ready to offer their gifts; some bring ilowcrs, som'o fruits, some, a cup and saucer, some a plate, a gay ribbon, a spool of thread, or whatever they please to bestow. These thev give to some one of the bridal party to take to the bride's new home. One morning, I heard a merrv chattering in the - y o street, and looking oat of my window saw a peasant bridal procession gor ing with the bridal gifts to the bride's new home. Two women carried on their heads each a new mattress, others with new baskets of linen. Ono woman, quite tasty in her basket covering, had the muslin curtains neatly folded and a gay pin cushion for her gift. A man with a miiror, another with a new basket of china, while a poor old decrepit peasant, bent with suffering arid pain, had his heart lightened for a little while, by a new dust pan and brush he was making for the young couple. ^ Another Outrage?A Mail Carrier Shot by Negroes.?On Tuesday morning the mail carrier who takes the mail from Ridncville to Vance's Ferry, when about'-fen miles 011 his journey, was halted by^ N--~ four armed negroes, who demanded the surrender of the bag. The carrier of course refused, and putting the spurs to his horse, rode off with all speed. He was followed, however by a volley of bullets, which came near putting an end to his life, as one of ' the balls passed through his left sleeve, and two balls lodged in the j mail bag. Powerful for oppression, I but powerless for protection is the government under which we live. Charleston Mercury? i . ^ t ? "Our Tom" says he set down to his Christmas dinner- where thero i were seven turkey gobblers* Only l^ro of them was cookecf. . .IV