University of South Carolina Libraries
<&} . VOLUME XXVI. CAMDEN, S. C., THURSDAY MORNING JANURARY 23, 1868. NUMBER 28. I PUBLISHED WEEKLY BY THOMAS W. PEGUES. TERMS OF SUBSCRIPTION*. ^hree Dollars a year Cash?Four Dollars if payment is delayed three months. kates of advertising, l'kr square. For thefirst insertion, $1.50: for thesccond, $1 .00; for the third, 75 cents; for each subsequent insertion, 50 cents. Semi-monthly, Mont lily and Quarterly advertisements, $1.50 each insertion. The space occupied by ten lines (solid, of this size type) constitutes a square. Payment is required in advance from transient advertisers, and as soon as the work is done, from regular customers Contracts made for yearly and half-yearly advertising (payable quarterly) made on moderate terms. AGRICULTURAL. ? ^ Rotation.?"Why is rotation necessary?" This is a frequent inquiry with practical men. Supposing a crop carries off a certain specified amount of inorganic substances from the soil, each of which is indispensable to its development it follows as a matter oi j course, that the cultivation of that I crop, for several consecutive years, will abstract so far from the supply in the soil, as ultimately to deprive it of the power of producing it. ]>ut. all crops do not exhaust the soil of i the same special substances; and j licnce if wc cultivate Indian corn for j a couple of years in succession, on one : field, and then potatoes, turnips, peas, I beans, or carrots, we shall find that j the latter are by no means stultified i from any lack of nutriment?each : finding its appropriate aliment, and in sufficient quantities to insure its I 1^.1 .1 "1 . neaitnv grow in ana maturation.? ; There are many organic substances; in the soil which the corn plant docs j not especially require, or appropri-, ate, and which are consequently not exhausted by its cultivation; while1 each of them are essential to the, growth of some other vegetable.? j llence it is that when these arc grown ! alternately, the productive powers of j the soil are not so rapidly exhausted, and fertility is-kept up By a sort of: recuperative process; the organic el-! ement necessary for the development! of one crop, having time to accumu- i late while the soil is occupied by a- i nother crop by which they arc not , required. In many sections of the country the ; Indian corn crop is one of prime im- i portance, consequently, it is frequent- : ly cultivated for two, three and even i four years in succession 011 the same j field; but I have observed whenever j this practice has been judiciously; adopted, that after the third season,1 generally after the second, there is an obvious falling off, even when liberal manure is adopted. Very few farmers, therefore, who consult their ; ?wn catorests, and who have had the "benefit of experience and observation arc found to favor it either in theory ! or practice. By adopting a judicious system of "rotation, and adhering rigidly to it, 1 with the assistance of copious manur- j ing?returning to the soil more, if; possible, than the crops carry off? j any land may be retained in a condi- j tion of high fertility; while by an opposite course, it will as certainly bo ' exhausted and "run out," ^ j It is a principle with me never to attempt the cultivation of a crop which J I cannot afford to manure well, and this should be the policy of every : farmer. One had better run in debt j for manure than exhaust his soil by cropping without it; or, perhaps, had better suffer his land to rest until ma-; nure can be made.?G-crmantown Telegraph Saving of Labor.?Labor at the South is at present very dear?appa- j rently cheap enough when expressed i in form of so many dollars per month,! per hand?but really dear, when measured in terms of so much work, .done in a given time. Work done by machinery is always cheaper than that done by hand. These two propositions our people ought to place .side by side, and meditate upon them long and well. The first will probably be accepted without a dissenting voice; but the second is associated in .our minds with Yankee inventions, -and we hesitate. True, we arc liable \here as everywhere, to be imposed upon and deceived. What should this teach? We answer, caution! Do not purchase until vou are satisfied ihat a machine is adapted to your -wants, to your land, and to the laborer you can procure to work it. Wc eanpot impress this point too strongly upon the minds of our readers?"prove 1 all tilings, hold fast to that which is good." But wc bog leave to say, that labor-saving machines did not originate with the Yankees. Their value has been recognized in every part of the world, where agriculture has kept pace with advancing civilization. In various parts of the continent of Europe, but especially in Great Britain, they are widely used, and no small share of agricultural capital invested in them The people of the South will be compelled to employ them, more than they have done heretofore.?Southern Cultivator. MISCELLANEOUS. MANUFACTURING IN THE SOUTH, The great advantages of a mild climate and the variety of crops grown in the Southern States, arc beginning to attract attention. Judge Kelly, of Pennsylvania, in an ad- | dress recently delivered before a ' great agricultural society in Illinois, O . I f/%1.1 11 a c* lin.ivnfc flint. tlinv frnilll no I longer count safely upon tlie SouLli J as a market for their grain, flour, bacon, lard, bay, &c.; that the South j must of necessity cease the cultivation of cotton to a large extent, engage in the production of cereals, for which ' it had the best soil and climate in the ' world, and in manufacturing, to which it was equally adapted. The char- , nctcr of Judge Kellv is disfigured ' and tarnished by the sillv fanaticism , and reckless want of principle, which having gained temporary ascendency, r have brought upon the country the i evils which now afiiict it; hut his advice to his North-western friends is J sound and sensible. Mr Ilnnry Ca- k rcy, of Philadelphia, a writer of c thought and research, is even more 11 emphatic in the expression of similar 0 views, as reproduced in our is-ue of ^ l<Y;.l?ir \Vi? ;??]. ruirrcmlcrs tn recur to his language and ponder it well.-? c It contains truths of wholesome sig- c nificance to us. We glanced, some days since, at the importance of our people, in their present condition, to a more diversified industry and a more rigid ccomn- s my. We complained of the small v uses to which our admirable water power is put, and urged upon our 11 men of enterprise and capital to take " the matter seriously in hand, and set this power, now running to waste, to n the '"music of machinery," whirling t, spindles and driving wheels. It is; t a cheering sign to us, and a sure c prognostic of future success, that t jlist as the great controlling interest t of manufactures shows distress and r prostration in communities wliicli\ 'd iiave been enriched by the war, here s ?where the desolations and losses s from the same cause were unprecc-! t dented?this same interest, almost in its infancy, should show remarkable ] vitality and energy. Senator Spraguc, i of Rhode Island, has made some re- u markable statements lately, to the!y effect that the manufacturing interest i i of the North is almost destroyed, 11' and fully prostrate as the cotton I \ planting of the South. He attributes 1 this result to the taxes and uiaviso n legislation of recent years. Mr. c Spraguc is the largest cotton manii- si facturer North, and since 18G2 lias c also been engaged in cotton planting. 2 lie is, therefore, thorougly acquaint- 1 ed with both interests, and his state- J ments may be confidently relied on. 2 From every point in the South j I where manufactories have been cs- j 1 tablished, we receive encouraging ac-! ( counts of their success. In North j t Carolina and Georgia, they arc doing ' I a fine business. The stock of the <' Augusta Company lately sold as high as $125. We hear of companies be- < ing formed for manufacturing in Ten- i nessee, and the stock rapidly taken 1 in New York. In our own State, ' the establishments at Graniteville, ] Saluda, and in Greenville and Spar- < ?? ^11 1M?AiM\rtVA?U< rPlw?\r 1 tit 11 U (11 ?2) UIU ?1U KJUV* * seem to flourish when everything else declines. We are pleased to see the Saluda yarns in our stores, and to iiear that the enterprising proprietors are reaping a rich reward. We should be glad to get definite information from all quarters bearing upon this subject. Our poople need light, and they crave something to do that will repay their toils, and secure comfort and independence. Abundance of intelligent labor can be produced in our midst, and at moderate prices.? Capital and skill should avail themselves of these advantages, and consume our raw material at home, thus saving the tax on cotton, employing f the willing hands of our needy popu l.ation, and bringing money^on^hjj North to be spent in our destitute com munities. Cotton can never be agaxtsj with us, the great staple production that it was. Nor is it desirable thai it should be. Better that our people make their own supplies, raise tbe'ife own stock, make about 20 or 25 pew cent, of the amount of cotton heretofore producce, and manufacture it at., home. ^' We conclude this article by an cx;i: tract of a letter from Houston, Texas^; bearing strongly upon this point. It;, is addressed to the New Orleans Pica^i yune. We find it in DeBouf a Pc\ \ view for September, 1867. -A "The Eureka Mills in this city arcU now turning out 1,200 yards a day,h of splendid 7-]- oz. osnaburgs, which' I hey are selling by the bale at ljh cents, gold. Their domestics, 84-;? inch, of fine quality, almost op tcv;? Slate A, they sell at lGi cents, cur- 5 i-ency. They have demonstrated that * O " _ll 1 ,1? 1,? > miry uiin, UII an iiuiivj guuua, uiaivu r i good profit and under-sell the Ncw:| England factories. Labor is about?! | the same as in New England, living-1 s cheaper, and cotton costs six cents ; ess per pound here than there, tp ni}* nothing of the cost of getting the- 1 ;oods back. It will be wonderful if' ' i little more demonstration of this sort docs not turn us into a manufac^' uring people. Indeed, the Eureka dills are now increasing their produc ive capacity to 2,000 yards per day. j flie Concordia Mills, at Ilcmpstcad, r ire turning out considerable cloth, -i flic City Mills of Houston, now near- j y erected, will, by next January, . u'oducc 3,000 yards per day. The "c Star Mills at Huntsville, arc produ-"i ing about that now. We will, ere ' nany months, send you, Mr. Pic., i >ur cotton in the various forms of do- * nest its, jeans, kerseys, osnaburgs, . icking, stripes, denims, apron checks, j tc., all of which we are now produ- ^ ing in considerable duanlities." ,< Columbia Phoenix* J| THE OCEAN BOTTOM. " Mr. Green, the famous diver, tells v ingular stories of his adventures, c men maKiug scarcn m lac deep wa- |, crs of the ocean. lie gives some \{ cw sketches of what he saw at the t 'Silver Bank" near Ilavti: r The banks of tiie coral on which j| iv divings were made are about for- i y miles in length, and from ten to t1 wenly in breadth. On this bank of f oral is presented to tlfe di\yr one of ( lie most beautiful and sublime scenes y he eye ever beheld. The water va- t ies from ten to one hundred feet in a iepth, and so clear tiiat the diver can j ee from one to two hundred feet when 0 ubmerged, witli but little obstruction 1, o the sight. n The bottom of the ocean in many c daces is as smooth as a marble floor; <? n others it is studded with coral col- t imns. from ten to one hundred feet j ii height, and from one to eighty feet a n diameter. The tops of those more ] oi'ty support a myriad of pyramidal t icndanta, each forming a myriad t nore, giving reality to 1 he imaginary ] ibode of some water-nymph. In t ther places the pendants form arch a ifter arch, and, as the diver stands } m the bottom of the ocean, and ga- j :cs through in the deep winding avciucs, lie finds that they fill him with { is saered an awe as if he were in ( ionic old cathedral which had long t )ecn buried beneath old ocean's wave, t ilere and there the coral extends j ?ven to the surface of the water, as if s he loftier columns were towers he- > onging to those stately temples that ire now in ruins. 5 There were countless varieties of , liminutive trees, shrubs, and plants . u every crevice of tho corals where ] ivater had deposited the earth. They | were all of a faint hue, owing to the , oale liirht they received, although of j every shade, and entirely different ; from plants that I am familiar with ( that vegetate upon dry land. One , in particular attracted my attention ; it resembled a soa-fan of immense size, of variegated colors, and the most brilliant hue. The fish which inhabit these "Silver Banks" I found as different in kind as the scenery was varied. They were of all forms, colors and sizes?from the^syrnmetrical goby to the globe-like sun fish; from the dullest hue to the changeable dolphin; from the spots of the leopard to the hues of the sunbeam; from the harmless minnow to the voracious shark. Some had heads like squirrels, others like cats and dogs, some of small size resembled the bull terrier. Some darted through the water like meteors, while others couhl scarcely be seen to move. To enumerate and explain all the various kinds, of fish I beheld while diving on these banks would, were I enough of a naturalist so- to do, require more than my limits allow; for I am convinced that most kinds of fish which inhabit the tropical seas tan be found there. The sun fish, starfish, white shark and blue or ilouble-nose shark y ere often seen. - There' were also fish which resembled plants, and remained as fixed in their position as a shrub; the only : power which they possessed was to i open and shut when in danger. Some I of them resembled the rose when in i fair bloom, and were of all hues.? < There wer.e the ribbon fish, from four I to five inches to three feet in length ; i their eyes arc very large, and protrude ; like those of a frog. t Another fish is spotted like a leop- 1 ard, from three to ten feet in length, i They build their houses like heavers, c in which they spawn, and the male t f>r female watches the egg until it. 1 hatches. I saw many specimens of flic green turtle, some five feet long, t ivhicli I should think would weigh i from 400 to 500 pounds. t ..... _ f Singular Train of Circumstantial Evdonee. [ On Monday last, Moris. Charles rugand spent his evening with two friends at one of our beer saloons.? fliey retired about 11 o'clock, and Y Vlr. Jugand and his room-mate went ^ o their lodgings. The room which ; f i lie two friends occupied was in the p :ccond story of the North wing of the p fousc, and has only one window open- p ng North on an alley, used in com- p non by the tenants of seven offices p routing on Conti street, one of wliich j _ 9 occupied by Drs.. Mast in and _ 3rodic. When they entered their r pom it was a little after 12 a. m. Mr. j., tugand complained that the heat was p Mppfifiivfl.?Mj\. Jugand's room-mate fj ell asleep, anthaiium arici o Te-trimrft.-j . ,in. awoke, and casting his eyes to- () i.ard his companion's bed, saw it 0 mpty. Supposing he had gone out, j\ ie went to the door, which lie found ocked inside, and then perceived that g| he-sash of the window was raised; ushing to it, he looked down, and to 0 Is horror, saw just under the window, ^ he body of his friend, hent np al- 1( lost .double, head downward, the j, ect partly standing against the wall. ,j .'ailing at onec for help, lie rapidly s, vent down stairs, hut there found ,] hat the street gate of the common j, Hey was fastened inside. Expect- w ng to gain entrance through one of v r> t*5 o \ ilfiees, he ran round to Conti street, 0 iut none of llicm were open. The 0 ward-house is iust at the opposite orner, aiul one or two officers were jj ooii on the spot, and forced an en- t] ranee into the alio}'. Col. Milne ;l nquircd of the surviving room-mate s to the circumstances of their being p ast together, and then requested hat gentleman to consider himself a inder arrest. The gentleman prompt- j y complied. In the meantime, the lodv of Mr. Jugand was removed md carried to his room, as it had >een found, namely, with only alight light shirt and his socks on. p As we said, the body had been Q bund iu a common alloy, which was | sloscd on the inside, and to which no j tcccss could be had cxept through j he offices on Conti street; the alley j s dark, hardly five feet wide, and j] iurrounded on all sides by high brick v.,lie under the window, and ? vhcrc the uneven bricks raised its i iliarp angle, a large pool of dark blood s >vas markyig the fatal spot; then, s ibout two feet from it, toward St. a Emanuel street, a large earthen spit ^ toon, was in which could be seen a 1 juantity of coagulated blood. A = little farther, a large rag, also satur- 1 ntcc with blood, was lying as if hastily ( cast out of sight, while almost oppo- ! site the place where the body lay, but a little west of it, a heavy dry goods box was, together with a towel half sproail on it, likewise bespattered 1 with blood; and to complete the chain i of horrible circumstances, an old rusty ] brick-layer hatchet was discovered 5 partly hidden behind the box. The , edge of those hatchets being very narrow, it seemed almost to adapt itself to the deep cut on the head, as if two blows had boon struck ou the same spot, but at right angles of each other?and to complete, the edge of the hatchet was covered with heavy brownish substance which looked like an efflorescence oF fresh blood! The arrival of Drs. Mastin and Brodie, just as the coroner was preparing to hold the inquest, rapidly demolished the whole tragic scaffolding. Dr M. said that the day before he had amputated a Lady's finger in his office, that the hemorrhage had bden abundant, and the blood collected in the spittoon ; and that the rag had been used by his servant to wipe that which "had fallen on the floor.? The doctor also stated that he ordered his servant to clean out his spittoon, but the servant had simply pushed the spitteoh in the alley by the door, and carelessly flung the rag away. These first dark circumstances explained arvay, the lingering love of the spectators for the horrible turned the dry goods box, with.its towel covered with blood, as if it had been the jlock of the executioner! Dr Brode tlien declared-' two or three days igo, friend having sent him a Scotch crricr, he had thought of improving lis appearance by lopping off his ears ir.d the operation had been performed by him in the same alley, and on he identical box and towel before lim. Taking these facts into consideraion, in it was decided at the coroicr's inquest, that'the deceased came o his death by accidentally falling rom a window. The prisoner was lischargcd. . Mobile [Ala.) Times Bee. 27. m t MASONIC. . Dkatii.?There is no object for rhich Freemasonry labors harder and oils more earnestly, than to prepare ts members for death?a triumphant and happy death. To accomplish this object, her most important sctures are given, and impressive cmlems and symbols are used. The roken column?the virgin weeping ?time with his sythe?the hour-glass -the spade and the coffin all tend to emind us, that our life is drawing 3 a close; and should teach us to rcparc for it. To him who is ready, oath has no terrors. It matters not T7et7nnrTie lans ar uni cuuui, wosi, ~ r East gate, jet the important work f life is done, and he falls with his ice to the East, waiting to catch the rsfc ray, streaming from the rising nn of righteous, in the eternal morn. We cannot meditate too much upn this eventful crisis in human exitcnce?of all other events, which atjnd human nature, it is the most try- , lg, especially to him who is not reay. The principles of our Order, if : Lrictly understood and observed, will i isarm the King of terrors?change im from an enemy to a friend, who ' ill safely conduct us through the eil and vista, right up to the Throne ' f the great Eternal. The practice f every real christian virtue, is most : npressively inculcated and enjoined oth by precept and example, oy : liose who truly love our institution lid have her interest at heart.? : Liid in thus living, we become preared, not only for the important utics of life, but for a happy exit? joyful reception into the Grand iodge above. W. D. M. Square and Compass. "PS BOTTOM RAIL ON TOP." " Brick Pomcroy" gets off some uimitable Burlesques. In a late isue of his paper he burlesques a scene u the Alabama Convention under the leading of "Be Bottom Rail on Top." ^ulius Ctcsar Augustus Mark Antony )ionysius Squash has the floor, and lohls forth as follows? Mistur speaker and fellow niggers: ' hab listuncd pashuntly for de conecutive days what hab introvencd enso we cum from de ballot boxes of b illustrious constituensee?to brudlers Bingham and Griffin, and Refer, and de udder respected white nig;ers, and longed for de opportunity o jmt un and shake myself loose for " O" 1 le salvation ob de Lord, and de glo y ob de eight and forty tousand dat lab trabblcd to Caneum. And here [ is?am you gazin' at me? Niggers and Mistur speaker, dere nib been somcfin said in some of de nooscpapers about de bottom rail bein' on top! Now who am de bottom rail? Eh! Uinah! Ley meaus us, niggers, de down trodden race, who, bress Massa Linkum, am on top!? And wc's gwine to stay dar til Gabriel sits on de roost, and blows his horn fit to scare de debbil! Whar am we now? Cast your deluded gaze about dis room. Five year ago we was totin' cotton, blackin' boots and cuttin' liar! Now?ki, we and desc Yankee white trash is inakin' laws, for in do language ob J Horace Greely, de bottom rail "am on top! Niggers is somebody, and de rebbils will hab to lay low or dey will cotch de debbil. We'se gwine to occupy de land, and we'se gwine to hab forty acres land and a par ob mules,we'se gwine to play gemplum, and rebbils got to furnish de spondulix-r^ dat's what's de matter, for de botyoiri rail am on top! De white trash is played out? did't we sabe de country? When massa Jeff, was a standin' on Abraham's stoop a kickin' the door a,nd threatenin' to burst his horns, didn't us cuU lud men put on dem blue clo's and dos? ar brass buttons?oh no, I guess not! an' did'nt we sabe de Union and windercate de flag??dat's why de bottom rail am on top! Brutus Gumbo Sardinaplaus Crow ?I rise to a pint of order ! The Speaker?State your point, Mr. Crow. * Theodosius Cassius Switchell has put his clamps upon my marbles? Switchell?Go 'way, you brack raskil?tell me I hook your marvels, I punch you in de jaw?what I do wid yore marvels?aint I on de kommittce to draff a bill uv rights ??Say marvels to me I brake your banjo ober your conk. The Speaker?Gentlemen will preserve order and let Mr. Squashfpro-' ceed. Squash?lam disgusted wid you, and I 'clare fore God dar's dose two' mokes from Eufala and Mobeel sound 'sleep, while dat dare no 'count nigger from Tuscaloosa, stands by de' window, ticklin' his shin wid his heel! Gor-a-mitv, don't you know nufin!? Um-h! But I disgust sich mizzible' niggers, and perceed. \Ve intend to do de votin* to go to Congress: to be gubners and justices ob de peace; to be sogers with brass' buttons and big sords, have boss Grant and Sherman, and we is goin* to "West Pint and- 'Napolis?to rid?-: :. i* * in nais aim go tu scmnAs anu t'liltruil es wid de white trash, for de bottom1 rail is on de top! And we's 'gwine to 'bolish 'Hio, Minnie Sota and Kansas for refusing to gib our brudders suffrage,?and we's gwine to 'bolish Kopperheads and squelch de Lav Crossways Democrat and de Mobeel Tribune, and we'a gwine to kill de rebbils?because dey is white?an' hab clam soup and pig foot ebery night, for de bottum rail am on top! An' dat ar Ariel feller what saya1 we niggers am beastuses widout souls, we'll send to a relin' and rockin' 'fore he can twinkle dat eye, for aint " Babylon fallen;" aint we got all de sour apple trees; don't de fastenading ladies ob de cullud swashun light dis rcseptikle uv wisdom and intelligense wid de pcrfoom ob dat oilfactory sweetness?and?and?and de bottum rail is on top ! Mister Cheermun?I obserb dat my suggeshun dat de picturegram ob Washington be turned upside down, an' de likeness ob de greatest man de country has projucea?Nat. Turner, Esq., and Hon. Fred. Douglasbe hung upon dese walls has been circumplied wid. Glory to Gideon, dat I hab libed to see de day when dc bottum rail am on top! Now, Crow, it am de sentimum ob de House dat you take your cremona while brudder Switchell leads off wid our grand ole Linkum walk around! Clar away dem desks?white trash make a ring?sisters in de gallery jine in! Tune her up, ole Simmons, an' let your uncle shout! Now den, altogedder, for bress de Lor, de bottom rail am on top!" A story is told of a 'country gentleman,' who for the first time, heard an Episcopal clergyman preach. He had read much ot the aristocracy ana pride of the church, and when he returned home, he was asked if the people were stuck up. 'Pshaw! no,' he replied; why the minister actually preached in his shirt sleeves.' Mother.?Here Tommy is some nice castor oil with orange juice in it. Doctor?Now, don't give all to / Tommy; leave some for me. / Tommy (who had ta3ted it before) ?Doctor is a nice man, ma; give it all to the Doctor. Reward and punishment are sadly warped. If they are the two logs on which society stands, society is bowI egged.