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W1_ , - - - / - *' 1 lt - ' k K B E E J. M ifc IB lil IIBIIE B "TO TII1NE OWN SELF BE TRUE, AND IT MUST FOLLOW, AS THE NIGHT THE DAY, THOU CAN'ST NOT THEN BE FALSE TO ANY MAN." - ? " ' ' * ~ " * "" * ' ' ! * " " " llOB'T. A. THOMPSON. PICKENS COURT HOUSE, S. 0. SATURDAY, SEPTEMBER 22, 1860. VOL. XII. NO. a ?E!LE?Y[E!E) ?, The Watchword. Awnke ! hearts of the South, Vour (rust is betrayed. Awake! men of the South, I Vour rights tlicy inviulo Whose lovo should brotherly bo. A Watohword I'll giv?,^ And ft rallying cry ; " In tho South we live. For the South we'll dip." 1 Union ! furled be its flag When Justice lakes ? flight, Union, its spirit is gone When " might makes right," And equality'H but a name. ^ A Watchword I'll give, And ft rallying cry, ' In tlie South we live, For tho South wo'll die." Uprouso! men of the South, In slumber you're lost, Hand I together unite ; Kacli man to his post, Aggression litis pone its full length. A Watchword I'll give, And a rallyitig cry, "In tho South wo live, ll.. *11 -1!- " I VI MIC inniiM no II MIC. lp FOOTOOAL. Speech of Mr- Breckinridge. Wo find in the Now York 7tme* and Ifcvrtld of Thursday last., an imperfect telegraphic report of a portion of the speech of Mr. Itreckinridge, delivered at. Lexington on "\Vednesday. After thanking his friends for the cordial reception they had given him, lie proeecded to justify himself agab.st r.undry accusations that had been brought against him. lie niononneed as untrue, the allegation that ho ever intrigued for, sought or desired the nomination ; that ho ever signed u petition for the pardon of John Urown ; that he was ill fiivnr Ilf flnti Tiivlni- <<" ?' ? ? - ?- ... vv?. Afjivi ?v?? viau x i wiuvruuy, or that ho ever advocated the doctrine of Squatter SGvercignty, and proved tlmt Mr. Douglas occupied the same position on the Nebraska Bill as he did, viz : to libido by the decision of th? Supreme Court .Mr. Hreckinridgo t'n^n proceeded to repel tho charge of disunion made against himself and the Constitutional Democracy. And here we nuote from the report before us: Mr. Breckinridge here entered into nn argument to tdiow that Congress has power to protect property in the Territories; and in refutation of the position recently takhn by the Senator from Illinois, that Congress had naver exercised that power. Tho principles, s;iid Mr. Breckinridge, I huve tried feebly to vindicate hero, arc tho nrineinlea imr>n nl.w.l. ^ g - r Tv" " ,l,v" the Constitutional Democracy stand today; and they are the only principles upon wliicli any human being will dare to pretend to charge thorn with disunion. If they are the principle of the Constitution and the Union, th?J wo urc Constitutionalists nod Unionists. 1 I [(Vies of " That's go," ' That's sd/'] And yet for two or throo months you have hoard nothing but a loud and incessant clamor that I and those Democrats with whom I am contorted aro*a Disunion organization, who seekto break up the confederacy of the States.? I bard.iy !;nnw, so far as it is^a personal charge aginst ntyseif, how to answerr it. [A Voice ?"Tell tho u that it is a lie !"] All over tlu? country too charge of Disunion is repeated against inc ana those who belie.vo with me, by anonymous writers r?nd wandering o.ntors. Their whole stock in trade in Disunion ! Their continual cry is that this man and bis party are attempting to break up tho Uijion of these StatoH. Wo s.y, how can principals bo .sectional or disunioilisi wiiiuii mo haneu otuuiiy upon the Constitution, and tho large number of young gentlomen who are ringing bells, with tongues as long and heads as empty as the bells wltioh they ring, cry ' Dissolution !;' Disunion !" [Prolonged laughter and chccrs.] From sources yet more eminent, comes the information that I and tho political organiza I lion with which I am connected, ore luboring fur a disruption of tlio Confederacy. I do ndt reply n?iw to what Mr. Douglas any* all tvisr New Enghnd, in Virginia, and where he goos, becnuso it is quite natural for a g<>n(faman as much interested its lit! to think that any mnri |rho opposes' his principles must bp a disuniotiist. [Cheers and laughter.} Indc d.. by lii? deuluriitiou we must be all diswnionists in Kentucky, for he declares that those who'asaert that Territorial Legislature** have no power to oxcludo slave property, and athat Congress should interfere for its pro^lion nro dimminnUti. n?rt ia ^? , .. vijhv in %Y lUHfc VIIO wholo Legislature of 'Contttoky Bnid luHt year. [Lout! applause 1 In my own State, where I thought my cnr^actor and nntece9 dents wero known, ono of the oldest nud HP ,r(ost eminent of our publio men hnn not said SI tlnit I was a disunioni-st, hut has intiiiiutncl B that I connected with nn orgnization HI vrhono bone and body is disunion. I refer Jj? to Me- Crittenden nnd to n speech ho mnde nt Louiaviilo. 1 have kno^n and admired Ihiin. l?as known mo. T^warda him I liavo chorishcd, and oxpcct (,o cherish, relations of respoctfiil and cordial esteom. Thero are rens?Q is which, even if I hud ground for it would prevent any but perfoct courtesy in I m JJ. in piwaiog, paid sa eloquent trib L to (4o|i. Lano, and contenued to Hpeak of hiuisnlf.' Bj&TO withinnightof the plaeeknown j Ii* Jwui representative in thy LogiaHtnro, in CongrosH, and other situations of ti-ust. I invito any one to point U? anything in my character or anteccdonta which would sanction such a oh?riro or fOCh nn imputation. [Cheara.] I vtill not dag>'idc the dignitv of my declaration by (tpitho'J, bnt I prondiy ohaleng? my bitterwit onemy to Ponrt Bn *ci> 10 dtHoloao on j iterance, or rove#! a thought of nuiie ho* Si tile to the Constitution or the union of tho g ' ;'utc&. [Jioitd cfeee-*.] ft lA Vo?OB/?" dofit/'] B' " The raarf <ioos not live who haa poyer t > ft fwuplo my n??c micoffwfti'ily with tho .^.ghtPj attaint of disloyalty to tho Conntttutioijlmct Isfithe Union. [Loud appUutoJ But If thct? be nothing in my cliaractor to justify this accusation, what is there in the platform mid principles upon which I stand. If in these there is anything to justify tho*accusation it must be in the resolutions, ns to property in the Territories. 1 will read thorn nnd you can judge whether they accord the position of the Supreme Court and tho Government as I have ehown it to-day. After reading the resolutions, ho continued : That is the platform and tbc*e th principles avowed.? If they are constitutional they are not sectional, for the Constitution is broad enough to cover the whole Union. [^Cheers.] lie who stands upon tlie Constitution can neither be cwuuiiki iiui n i'i^iiiiionist. i nose principles arc tnken almost vnrbitrm from the Supremo j Court of the United States. They are sup- j ported by tbe precedents and practico of the j Government. They arc principles upon which j we may well livo. and by which wo may well ! all bo willing to die. [Loud chrcrs.] They arc vital, important, and they concern the rights of person and property. They cannot be abstract minute and unimportant, for they concern the honor and equality of tlio States." Mr. Breckinridge then proceeds to show that Mr. Crittenden voted for Senator Davis' territorial resolutions and defended them in a speech in which he declared that " n territorial (Government was a creature of Con- j gress, endowed only with tho'power conferred upon it. by it? creator, and with no particle ' of sovereignty." lie showed that tiie principles upon which the party who nominated I him stood had been endorsed and sanctioned by the Government, affirmed by the highest judicial tribunal' in the world, voted to be iruc oy inc iwo political parties in Kcntecky : in 1850, assented to by both branches of the Legislature, nml by an overwhelming malor- i ity of tlio whole Democratic Party of Kcntuoky, nml declared by Mr. Crittenden to be found and true. These are tlio chief points made by the speaker, up to the close of the telegraphic report for the New York papers. In making this brief summary of the remarks of Mr. Breckinridge, we take occasion ?W vn^.v.7a will ic^IUV 111.11/ III lllft [IHMIIIIH, 111) considered it proper to acquiesce in the wishes of hi? fricuds nod neighbors, to take the stump even 111 a single instance. lie has followed a bad precedent in thus apparently justifying I the undignified course pursued by Douglas. His public career was a sufficient vindication of his own soundness, consistency and patriotism, and the principles of his party arc so plainly in consonance with the Constitution, and have been so clearly expounded by the highest judicial authority of the Government, sustained by the unanimous action of the Dcniocratie Hen itois?that in our opinion, the necessity did not exist for this departure from the wise and dignified course heretofore pursued by Presidential nominees.? Guardian. The Blue Ridge Railroad To the Honorable /'Ji/icttrd (}. Palmer: In the slow pursuit of your extraordinary statements in your letter to Mr. Gary. L hnve had forcibly impressed on My miud the truth of the adage, that error ilic.s witi' the swallow's fleetness, wliilo truth follows after at th<! pneo of the toitoino. It is as easy as thinking to put forth such a lettor as you huve written, but it hikes time to collect and array the evidence for ita refutation. Your letter is without date, and w?s first brought to my attention about ten days ago (by the kindness of n irienuj, in tne fSout/i < 'iirvltniun of the 5th instant. It was copied into that paper from tho Ji.fv.-rlftrr, Trhcrc :t a prion r* without any date, and 1 do not know how long, and how far, it may have been in circulation before I received, the number of tho South Carolinian in which I first saw it. For an uncertain time', and to an uncertain extent, your unfounded statement of the excess of the actual cost above the estimated cost of the Blue Hippo Road, and your equally unfounded charges against tho officere of the co:?pany of a gross violation of tho chartor, and of bud faith, have boon working their mischief in tho canvass for tho oleotion of members to the Legislature. It has taken *>o:iio time, in conscquoncc of the demands of other official engagements, to collect tho evidence necessary to refute your statements nnd oluirges, i:nd thus I have slowly followed in the pursuit and voluiation of thorn, which, being made by you without*your having taken the trouble to support thorn by any evidence, ooet you no moro lime than the writing. They w*r? made over your own signature, and by this assumption of personal responsibility for the truth of them, \nu expected them to obtain eredonco, and ? confident us well as rapid circulation. When tho election has been dcti>rmiiiftrl luwlitt* tU/i InfliiAHAA #1*a roncous impressions, an after correction of them cannot repair tho mischief which will be tliei. past redrew, Tho nc.*.t in tho order of your objections, after thoao 1 have alroady replied to in former articles, is thus made : " I further object to any additional Ststo aid to this road, because I am fully persuaded that tho charters of Georgia and North Carolina have never been seeured." Sinqo you mention only these two States, I will considoryou to admit that tho charter of the road in Tennessee is securcd. The right of way through Ooorgia has been granted or adjusted, and paid for. I do not know of a single ol?imnni.?3ainst the Ooropa1 ny for dsinnges. You rolpht see in tho last report of the President nnd Direotow, thnt io 1850 forty t wo per oeui. ot the grading in that Sin to wo? finished, nearly three-fourth? of tho oulvort-masonry nnd bridge-masonry, twontyei^ht per cent, of one tunnel and tan per cant, of another. No objection is hwra to tlio charter from Gcovui;*. On' tho contrary, | mu jrc<?i? sun jupvuiiaiurn o/ ueorgia granted a c^r..er to . the Hiwa^eo Krtilron<? Company to oocwirucfc.a railroad from Jpuoktown tolShyton. This ohnrtur w.i? violently eonU'jjtcc!. Tt had been panned in W^too of tfte yeor bc?ro, at?f? waa vetoed bj Governor % jPyrff 1. ' Johnson, in an elaborate message, a pnrt of which is appended to tho replies* of " Blue Ridge" to " Nolunius," which were published in pamphlet, last summer. The charter was finally passed, over the veto, by a vote of 1 two-thirds. In this excited contest, and in 1 the Governor's veto message, no doubt was \ suggested respecting the validity of the IJlue , Itidge charter. The State of Tennessee chartered a road Ironi Puck Town (the site of the great cop- I per mines in Polk county) to Cleveland, on the Georgia and East Tennessee Railroad.? From Cleveland, a direct road to Chattanooga is finished. A letter from Dr. Andrew Young to Mr. Price was copied into the papers a few days since, in which he states that the Duck Town Railroad Company were taking"active measures for the construction of that road; Mi immediate survey and location was ordered, and Committees appointed to obtain releases of the riglit of way, and to proouvo subscriptions. Its value depends in a great degree on the completion of the Iliwassee llailroad, which will put. Duck Town one hundred nnu iourtccn miles nearer to Charleston than it is to Savannah by tho Georgia Railroads, and save that much freight in tho carriage of the ore to market. The advocates of the Duck Town Riilroad have no fear of the validity of tho charter of the Rlno Ilidgc Road in Georgia. Nor have the advocates of the lliwasseo Road, although their vigilance on that subject is quickened by the fact that their road can avail them nothing, unless the charter of the Blue Ridge Road, with which that road connects at Clayton, is valid. The only possible objection which you can suggest to the validity of the charter of the Blue Ridge Uoad in Georgia, is one that I have heard, viz : that the subscription to the stock of that Company by the Blue Ridge Railroad Company in South Carolina is unsubstantial and in valid to secure the charter, because the latter Company has not sufficient available capital to construct the road in Georgia. Hut it is plain that, by the grant of the additional aid which is asked froin the Stnto by the South Carolina Company, this objection would be obviated. This is a conelusivo answer to the objection, even if there was anything in it, which I will merely deny, and not ar^uo, for one conclnsivo refutation of an objection is enough. T,,' f?.? ~ ? -e i , .. w>v ihiiiiu uitiil IIVII l/liu llJ^lllMUl WHY liuvc been granted, or adjusted, and paid for, in North Carolioa. 1 havo heard of but 0110 individual who objected to rcloHfio the right of way, unless ho was paid an extravagant p.-ice. And I have heard that his conduct was so reprobated by his neighbors that he was much more tractable. The people of this State are expecting, with great anxiety, the approach or the road. Resolutions have ucen passed in Jackson and Macon Counties for a subscription by each of 8f)0,000. Mcasuro will he taken to obtain the authority of the Legislature to make the subscrption. Several counties adjoining, and near the line of tho road, had barbecues last yenr, which were attended by large crowds, and they havo been repeated this year. I have received reliable assurances that the people of those counties will crude #li? ?vv.,t fV.... ?l.r. w?i. p ..VIM VHV \ m * /! j;m 11 in; im r IU1IKlin. When I wns in Franklin, iibout six weeks ago, I heard u gentleman say, to ft number 61' others who wore in the piazza, " You know that 1 have offered to be one of ten who will undertake to grade the road from the Georgia line to Franklin"; to which they assented. This is only introduced to illustrate the earnestness of the people for the road.? Itia five years since the charter was granted, and I cnll on you to state what movement you have ever heard of against it. In 185fi nn ovcrtnro wns made by the Western North Carolina Railroad Company to the South Carolina Company to grade a common track for the two roads down the Tennessee lliver, if the North Carolina Western ltoad should bo so loontcd. The State being pledged to take three-fourths of the stock in that Company, it was neccssary to obtain the sanction of tho Legislature. I have before mo ft copy of tho Sonato Bill, I printed in the proceedings of that body in-tho session of 1850?57, giving tho sanction of tho S'ltc to that arrangement. I have hoard that the bill paswed. That would bo a confirmation of tho charter. Now, J cull on you, by the responsibility you hltve assum !<1 in the publication of your letter to Mr. Clary, to producc a singlo fact or a reason to justify your persuasion that tho ohartors of tho Gcoigin and North Carolina Companies havu o^vcr been scoured. ' It is preauming too much on your nuthority in railrond affairs, based upon your cxpcrionco ns Prosidcnt for many yours of tho Charhtto and South Oaroi'.na Railroad Company, and it is overloading your personal responsibility to expoct that a groat enterprise, on which so much moncv has boon expended, should bo abandoned oil tho simple unsustaincd declaration of your persuasion that tlm flr>nn?i? nrwl North Carolina charters have never been socured, wliioh persuasion you arc too prono to admit from violent opposition to tho Blue Uidgo Road, mid strong prepossession in favor of nnotlior road. You prooecd with your objections. " I also object to further State nid, because the people of Georgia havo only subscribed $8,000, to a road which requires aid from the State of South Carolina to at least one million, and the people of North Carolina hnvo only subscribed $55,400 to a Road which will require 82,830,000 to build it." All that you offer in support of this objection is to "ask (your friond, Mr. Gary) if over our citizcns were to wii.C before tho Legislature, and aak nid to railroads In tho State to the amount of that which is claimcd for the citizens of Georgia and North Carolina, and without having done more than those citizens havo done, whether t VlSt Y.ArtUiU* 't ? -? 1'? * * * * ?<u jckiiiiuiuii; nuui'j lliiv IIJW ICUSl HflC-l V) them}" . i , ... You ?lf.o objoct to u*y expenditure of immiey out of fho State," bocuwM you say 2 gnat milropd spirit is manifested" in the projection of I wo hundred and fifty mfllea of xo/*K '* the State, to wWohf If aid were given at tlio rate of $3000 per mile, it would amount to 81,250,000. " Who doubts (you ask) tlint the?e roads of our own are more entitled to the respect and attention of the Legislature, than oik* passing through other States?" In the same interrogative strain you ask your friend " what farmer, if he were asked to improve his neighbor's or his own farm, would hesitate as to the answer he would give ?" These ?<! cuptnndum appeals to ignorance i and tn'ciudiee will not nrcvnil with flif> nnnnlo ,1 of hdgefleld District, or of the State. No i " aid is claimed for the citizens of Georgia ; and North Carolina" by the Blue Ridge RailI road Company in South Carolina. The aid I which is asked is to build a road for the bene| fit of tho people of South Carolina. I Nor is there any pertinencc in your analogy ! of a farmer who mijiht. " be asked to improve j his neighbor's farm or his own" and your in| ference "of the answer he would give" in j favor of his own. I Tho Blue Ridge Company Joes not ask aid I a.\. ~ cu * * - - * ui uiu ouue 10 improve tlio Jjcorgia or iNorth Carolina farm, but to improve the South Carolina farm. 1 will suggest a ease much more nnalagous to the issue than you have presented. There are three owners of land on tho same stream, cach having a mill site very suitable for a toll I or mcrcliant mill, but tlic lands of two of the proprietors arc so situated that the middle proprictor can have no way to the public road, ' unless it be made through their laud, and | they generously give their consent. Whore| upon, the middle proprietor reasons sagely with himself that he cannot make his mill road without passing through the land of his neighbors, and when lie reflects on the cost of that part of the road, he is staggered by the case you put, " whether it is better to improve his neighbor's farm or his own," and concluding, as you do, that it is much better to improve bis own farm, refuses to build the road uiucsa ms neignoors will pay tor the cost of that part which is located over their land, because lie cone1 ,vl"s that to uiakc the road, at his own cost, will benefit the other proprietors. The only arguments and considerations i which the advocates of the Bine Ridge Road have ever urged in support of aid from the State, :ire derived from the" benefits South Carolina will rcceivo from its construction.? This you know, but still you represent to the people of Kdg"field District the aid sought for, and the benefits to bo conferred by the road, as if they were exclusively for the advantage of the people of North Carolina and Georgia. If the people of South Carolina are persuaded that the road will compensate for its cost, they will not churlishly and stupidly, like the owner of the mill site, refuse to make the expenditure which will secure great advantages to the State, because it will, at the same time, benefit the people of North Carolina and Georgia. South Carolina cannot build a railroad to connect its people and territory with the country west of the mountains unless it is built through Georgia and North Carolina. The I.ft ? .1 rt . win y iiiu-i'iihiivi- ipii/ i?? ooum uaroiina is either to build a rood through those States, or not to build one at all, and continue dependent on their pood will for its commerce with the Western States. If the charters and agreements which the South Carolina company possess should now be forfeited, it is very improbable that they can be obtained again. That the Jilue llidgo Road is to bo constructed by the citizens of South Carolina tUrough North Carolina and Georgia, is, in all except the cost of construction, a recommendation. The middle proprietor of the mill site, whom I have instanced, if he would make a road over the other proprietor's lands, would draw custom from their mills, which, by the location of their lands, they might have retained exclusively for themselves. Hy their license no. mignt inaK'c toll by nulling for a neighborhood to which, otherwise, he could not have acccss. Georgia has its road already built, at the cost of tho State, to Chattanooga. North Carolina has lately put under contract the Western extension of tho Central Railroad to AshevilFe, and the engineers arc now in tho field to locnto and estimate the cost of its further extension to Dacktown. Charleston, Uythc Hiwapsce brancii of the Bluo RiAge Road, can compete with Savannah, with tho advantage of fourteen miles in distance in favor of the former, and share tho trade, at Chuttauooga, which tho Georgia State road has collected at that place, and o;iii wnrrv oft' frrmi tin* Huai. giu roiids the whole trade of Duck town and of nil tho country between tlint plaeo and Clayton. The proposed extension of tho North Carolina Central road to Pucktown, will cross the Bloc Kidge road in the valley of tho Tennessee. The distance, by the Blue Ridge road, to Charleston from the junction is so much less than the distance from tho junction to the ports of .forth Carolina, that the trado of tli? country which the extension will ponotrato must be drawn ov6r the Bluo Ridge road. Georgia ami North Carolina might havo excluded South Carolina from any commerce wost of tho boundaries of tho State. But they havo wisely rejected a policy so selfish and so disadvantageous to tho northwestorn portion _/? .1 - ft. ? * * ui iiioso cnnics, aim iiavo permitted South Carolina to construct tlio J*?ue Ridg^ Road, and thereby divort tlio trade of those sections from the territory and railroads of North Carolina and Georgia. The. license to mako a road over another's laud, oven in tho oasc of privato persons, confers a valuable privilogo, tho value of which depends on tho use to be inndo of tho road.? If it is a turnpike road, the measure of the benefit is the profit n?sde by th<? owner of *he roud. lie is thus po- aiittcd to collect a toll for travel acd frr.ight passing over land which bolongs to anothor. Tho freight which is paid to a railroad oompany, to the extent of trie nett proms, ia on impost levied on trade. The right which the llluo Ridgo Railroad Company?a corporation in Sooth Carolina ?lias acquired to construct a road through the State of North Carolisa and Georgia, confers a public us well ox a private benefit, lfc will enable South Carolina to divert through its territory the commerce of a iorgc scction of those States, and cvon to participate in the trade at Chattanooga, which Cicor- ] gia might, with justice, exclusively claim as the result of her enterprise in building the road to Chattanooga, without which the other railroads having their terminus at that | place would not have existed. And it enables the citizens of South Carolina, who may , be tlio owners of the Hlue Ridge Road, to Iftnn ?i...:- -- : * ?- ' v.. j ivi nu n jiiijm mi iiiiuusi uii i lie traue of North Carolina and (Jeogia. It is the j immediate importance and value ot this trade and its prospective enlargement (which must bafile all conciliations) to the prosperity of South Carolina and of South Carolina alone, which the advocates of the liluc llidge Koad urge upon the attention of the State in the claim which (hey present for aid.? I If the road is worth f.hn nnst. lnt nnf flio ?r?r?_ - ?" l'^"" I pie of the State be dissuaded from the un- , dertaking by the contracted objection that it will also benefit the people of North Curo- ! lina and Georgia. Far different from the temper which would urge that obj tion was the liberality which prompted the Legislatures of those States to grant the charters by which the Blue Ridge Railroad Company possesses the privilege of constructing its road in the territories of those States. FiOWAUD Fiiost. The Steamboat DisasterWe have the following additional details of the recent steamboat disaster: Only seventeen persons are known to be *1- - ' ouivu, iiiuiuuiiig iim uici'k, steward, aim porter. From 350 to 400 persons are said to have been on board, tbe Green Yagers and Rifles, and several lire companies of Milwaukie, who were on n visit to tills city. At tbe time of this accident, tbe scbooncr was sailing at the rate of eleven miles an hour. The steam-tug McQueen left this morning for the scene of the disaster. The names of the saved as far as known, areas follows: II. (1. Caryl, Clerk; Fred, Kico, Steward; Edward Wcstlakc, Porter; Robert (Jore; Thomas Cummings; Michael Corner; John E. llobart, of Milwaukie; Tim O'l'ryan; W. A. Dnones; "Wildmnn I Milla rwf I T TT_.i:i? ..c 1\T v.. ujiiMiii * ijuim', ui it aupii j II. Ingrahaui. incnibcr of the Canadian Parliament. 'J'ho son of the proprietor of tho London News was on board, and is supposed to bo lost. The books and papers of the steamer are all lost. After the collision, the steamer floated south to Winotka, where she sunk. 8KCOND DISPATOII CHICAGO, Sept. 0.?Tho clerk of the steamer Lady Elgin makes the following statement : We left Chicago at 30 minutes past 11, for Lake Superior. Among the passengers were the Union Guard, to Milwnukic, composing part of some 250 excursionists from that city. At half-past 2 o'clock in the morning the schooner Augusta, of Oswego, collided with tho Elgin, when about ten miles from shore. She struck the steamer amidship at the gangway, on the larboard side. The two vessels separated instantly, and tho Augusta drifted by in the darkness. At the time of the collision, music and dancing were going on in the cabin ; but in an instant after the crash, all was still, and in half an hour tho steamer sunk. I passed through the cabins. The ladies wero palo, but silent, and noeryor shriek was heard?no sound but the rush of steam Or the surf?r> nf tho iimbu mn Wlmd.nv O V not they wero fully aware of the danger, or whether their appalling, situation made them speechless, I caunot tell. A boat was lowered ntonoe, with the design of going round upon the larboard side to examine the leak. There were two oars belonging to the boat, but just' at tliat moment somo person possessed himseif of one of them unci we wore poweilcss to tnanago the boat. We succeeded once -in reaching the wheel, but quickly drifted away, and were thrown on the bench jrt'NVinetkn. Two boats were left on the steamer. One of theiu contained thirteen persons, who wero saved. The other bore eight persons, but only four of them reached shore olive, the four i? i < i uinriM ueing nrowneu at the beach. Before wo left the stoamor, the engine had ceased to work, the fires having been extinguished. The force and direction of the wind was suoh that boats and fragments of the wreok wero driven up the Lake and would reach the shoro in the viciuity of Winetkn.? As I stood upon the beach, hopelessly looking baok upon the route wo had drifted, I could seo, in the grey of the morning, objects floating upon the water, nnd sometimes I thought | human beings, struggling with the waves. II. C. Clarys. Tho telegraph givos tho names of forty-nino < persons saved frjm the wrcoked steamer Lady , lOlgin, which was tun into and sunk on Lako i Michigan on Friday lust. Among the lost is Mr. Herbert, a member of the British'Par- 1 liumont. \ No Southerners, except Mr. Luiusdcn and family are known to have been on board. It is estimated that tho total number of passongcrs aboard the Lady Klgin at the tinao " of tho disaster, was 885. Ninety-eight of ' whom wero rescued. * ' Nearly one huudred rcaclfbd within 50 ' yards of the shore when they were drowned. * Ninety-one bodies hnvo been recovered. ( " Papa, can't I go to tho zoologjrcal rooms ( to see tho comotnile fight the ry-no-uiree- i hoss ?" " Sartin, my son, but don't get your I trowsers torn. Strange, my dowr, what a j taste that boy has got for nat'ral his'ry. No t longer than yesterday ho had eight tomcats c hanging by their tails to the olothes line." 1 A western editor wishen to induce a far- c roer to subscribe to hi* paper, 'out )hb objection was that it was not au agricultural sheet.* The editor declared it was, and, in proof, e*. j hibitcd au article on " Sowing Wild Oats." ' The Next Legislature. " A Constituent," writing to tlio Charleston Mercury, earnestly recommends the following suggestion : , First: Until after the full election, avoid even tho discussion of the modus operandi of resistance. Second : Still more studious iy csenow nny sucii issue in the cloctions themselves. Third : Let every man who himself realizes the importance of the crisis') use his utmost efforts to make others think and foci ns he does. And Lastly : Let all _ iV CI? ? - 1 . * viirm-M men in mo nuae?ict tne l'rcss, particularly, everywhere?unite in urging upon tins people that they should demand the services, in the next Legislature, of their wisest and best men?to be sent, in tho true spirit of representative government,' uniuterested and untrammelled, to " take care that tho Republic receives no detriment." Who, upon such an appeal, in such a crisis, dare refuse ? The position rises, on occasionslike this, to such dignity, that in the language of Mr. Lowndes, it should be " neither pought nor declined." Kvcry district in the Str.to has its discrcct and reliable men. Good sansc and integrity, thank (Jod, arc not rare ; and ve still have atnongs us some who arc men of' approved wisdom and patriotism?men lit to consult on a nation's destiny. From those two classes should the " next Legislature '* be selected. T ... \ Il.~ ? " - mju* no uii\u iin3 1'igiib sure 01 men. " J/riuciples, not men," is a dclusivo cry, and serves b\it to mislead. As John Randolph pithily said, "principles without men was like love without woman." " Principles and men " is the true motto. It is not the man who professes most, who answers questions most promptly, or who is most plentiful in pledges, who is most to bo trusted in trying times. Look to his antecedents ! Has he shown, in his past lifo, he loved the State more than his own selfish interest? Has he shown a sound judgement and a brave heart ? If yea, and tho general bearing of his politics accords with public sentiment, it is enough. We do not ask whether ten years ago he was Secessionist, Co-operationist, Union man, Whig or Democrat. Still less, upon this great Southern issue, wiietner, in the frivolous disputes, confined to South Carolina, ho -was Convention or Anti-Convention. Was lie honest then? Ts lie honest now ? And does he, at this time, believe that submission to sectional Black Republican rule is disgrace and eventual ' uin '( These should be the ?nly test questions. A Legislature thus composed, will speak the voice, not. of a party? not of a mere numerical majority?but, really and truly, the voice of South Carolina. Startm.no Disclosure !?Two White Men and One Nkoro Arrested !?-Almost all of our roaders have heard of the symptoms of disaffection discovered in Talladega a week or ten days ago, through the confessions of a captured runaway slave. He stated that there was in the neighborhood of Talladega town a camp kept by an organized company consisting of four white men and eight ncgrov, who were industriously concocting a plan of general rebellion throughout that section of the State, and a certain Sunday had been, appointed for general concerted action.? There was updn that day, however, an incessant heavy rain, which prevented the execution of their design. Since that time, a Vigilance Committed has mwvii ui^ui .6 u tui? uuuvui^ uugngcn 111 iorreiing out tho scoundrels connected with this atrooious conspiraoy. On lnat Wednesday or Thursday, Mr. Frank Lane had occasion to oorrcot one of his boys, and after inflicting a pretty severe chastisement, ho told the boy that ho was not dono with him : tbcro were several things for which he intended to puuish him. The negro, taking alarm, and supposing thrtt-OVcrything ha'dTiSWrdWm^,--"1 confes^jdf everything he knew. He said they had^een told that immediately after the Presidential election they would bo set free?that on last Sunday a week ago they went to meet at tho Church (we do not remember the name) after a negro funeral sermon was over, and organize?that Sam (a negro boy belonging to Mr. Howard, and since arrested) was to be their commander. In his statement he implicated two white men?Mahan (or Payne) and Stcdhnm. This information was communicated to tho Committee, who : i ni i n? n uuiiuuuMiuucu t^uanca snony, ttsq., to conduct tlio scheme for their detection. On last Thursday night Mr. Shelly ropnired to the house of Mr. Oglctrce, nenr which place tho point of rendezvous was. Representing himself as a Northern man, who sympathized with the effort 10 liberate the negros (we have been informed,) ho encountered Stcdhani, nntl won his confidence. What he learned lie 1ms not disclosed in full, but enough in known to warrant tho conclusion that tho Bvi(?cncf> is a.nply sufficient to establish tho o< mplicity of Stcdham and Mahan (or I'ayne) mid the negro 8am, abovemcntioncd, all of whom have been arrested, and now await, in Talladega jail, their examination, which will tnko place on Thursday next. [Sclmn (Ala.) Issue, 28th. Is tiik Sun growing Cor.i> and Dark? - There aro now moro spots on tho sua thKn iiftve been aeou 'oeforo for niuiij years; somo )f theso aro visible through a smoked glass a tho naked eye. Several stare?som<* of ;hom of great brillianoy, which, from their as>ertained distance, must have been as largo is our sun?have totally disappeared from he sky ; and the question has been raised miong astronomers, whether tho light anjJ icat of the pun aro gradually fading away.-? \s this would bo ac'companied by tho desrtietion of all the plants and animals on tho inrfTr if '!? *?!"- *? ??*!? ? .v in Ifivuvi mi Iiiwjrenniljjj qaCBtlOn.? Hie snn'g light and heat in diminished by ha dark spot# at the preseut timo alout 1 per =sent. Th? miner lives poor to die rich, and iti the niler of his house, and til* turnkey of hia rcnlth. Iflhi * ..'