University of South Carolina Libraries
-wc7-.il /-? m S99SHBS ' f :#P ' ' '? ? ? ? Vs"". BY D. W. SIMS, STATE P1UXTKK. COLUMBIA, SOUTH CAROLINA, NOVEMBER ?7, 1840. VOLUME XV.-'Nl'ttBEfe Ifl. ^?UbUallKpKVKUV ntliiAV MUiiMsU* Tt'IIM$ ? Tkr*? Dalian per annum, payable m atlrance,or four Dulla't payable at the tnd </ the ttear. JIDVKtl TlSf .VEAT1 i terlni at I lit uiunl run " COM MUNIDATIONS. Hiu?Sinit) my last communication to you on iho wibjcct of Cottou-?eed-Od, I liave been favored with several letter-. from different gentlemen,detailing facts connect ed with the process of pressing and refin ing, from which I have uo hesitation tu as sura the public, that they may confidently rely oil tU<> following circumstaueirs oun nected with the subject. Follot & Smith'* machine, well attended, will hull one gal lon of seed a minute?usually including all debits and interruption, it will hull each clay, seventy bushels of seed?(Win each bunliul, or oO Urn of kernel, two gallon* of oil will be produced?tho process ami ma chinery by which linxcod-oil in manufac tured, are well adapted, in all thoir parts, to }>rocuro that of u>tton-sccd, with thin dif ference: the kernel of cotton-need, in more easily ground than linseed. In addition to tho statement of your correspondent T. C. Col. Lindaav, a native of this State, now commanding tho garrison near New Lon don, assures me, thut" lie was then burning the oil in his house ; and that it in inodor ous and equal to Spermaceti"?Captain Davidson, of one of the Sound steamers, was usiug it on his machinery, and in lilf lamps, and anprovod of it, for both purpo ses. Olio ot the greatest oil-dealers in New York, Mr. Juad, would contract to i refine any quantity, to approved quality, for 10 per cent. Ill short, all the facts, which I have ascertained, conclusively prove, that it may be advantageously used tor light, for machinery, for outside paint ing, and for printer's ink. To Col. Lind say I am particularly indebted, for full an Hwers to all my enquiries, made in a man ner alike intelligent and obliging. With* out entering into the detail of the pr-.wes* by which the oil may l>e extracted, I am satisfied 1 cannot better ongage the atten tion of your reudt;r*, than by a few extracts from his Icttors to me : " I entirely appreciate your motives in j tho public?spirited course you havo adopt ed ; I trust thero in yet hope for llie cotton planter, and that your example will he followed l?y many other*, who, wing your mucccss, will cheerftllly embark in the same carccr. I cannot bo considered at enthusi astic, when I assert, that by the convention of cotton-need into oil, a now mine of wealth baa been tinning upon the Southern El?nter*. A reckless improvidence ban crotofore cant away three fourths of the production of tho earth as barren and un Srotltahlo, without even an enquiry into le possibility of converting that |Mirtion to use. Heretofore tho Southern planter, j aatiated with the high price* ho has obtain-1 ed for tho one fourth of wool, ban been contented to employ tho other three fourth* (the seed) in the humble use* of food in the absence of all other for starved stock, or in the atill more humble use of manure. The faots which I am about to offer to you. vill show you, that tho scud and the wool ?h*ra materially changed their relation ; ?o much so, that the soeil has become near ly within one third as valuable as the wool. To support 1 noxed certificate': Po support this position, 1 subjoin tho an ' This may certify that at the request of Simeon Smith of New London, I weighed out 964 lbs of cotton-sced-kernel, received from Moasrs. Pellet it Smith, Petersburg Va. and manufactured it hito oil by the same process I manufacture linsee<l oil, and now gin tho result: The first time work ing, the kernel produced M gallons oil? weight 2621 llw, tho oil cake remaining, woighed 700 llts. I then ground tba oil cake and pressed it tho second time, and it produced 44 gals. oil. tho wholo quantity being thirty-nine gallons and three-fourths, from nine hundred and sixty-four lbs of seed. The cake remaining I consider a bout as valuablo as that produc.il from linseed, for tho foodiug of stock. (ilDKON IMLMKR. Montville, 7tb Aug WW.' H will Ikj iioen that tliin statement makes OM wt of hulled seed, yield 801 pa I lorn* oil, nnd 700 wt oil cako. *19 vn\ Value of oil, at present hypo thetical, but estimated hy .Ma jor Smith, at M) cents per gal. Value of oil cako at present not no great an linseed oil cake; the one Itoing known and worth $1 per cwt, wliilxi tho other, tho* equally good is worth only 75 cents per cwt. 70J wt. at 75 - - - ft Ui Total value of oil nnd oil cako, #26 12 Weaacerta in the value of tho cot ton which grew on this !Ki l wt of hulled need, hy tlv following procem* : Cotton-need limes one third in hulling. It to t w?? add 1, we find that it would r< ?|iiire l,l?G wt of raw ration send, to make the Otlt wt of hul led weed This miiii, I. t Hi is i of 1,920, an amount of wei/ht of irrdroiton w hich would |.r?> duce W'i wt (or Jth) of wool ? on tho 064 wt i?f nulled wed. there grew, therefor*1, (H*2 \? l nf wool, which nt 8 cents per Ih i? /ill If from .this amt. wc deduct value of oil and cake - %'t I a Leave* i$M It A sunt somewhat h ss than }d.s the value of the wool I am not in possession of all the matcri ala for estimating its positive value to tho planter, as I tun unacauainted w ith tlie coat of hulling. I am Itraidea, only practi cally acquainted with the culture ??f eot ton in W. Alabama, an extremely fertile region, where Uie average produce per acre greatly exceed* that of South ( arolinn. In reference to that flection of country I bhould aasume, that tho I.<>20 weight of accrf coiioh, ncc*a?arv to make the iKl I w' ?of hulled aeed stated in the certificate, would, in ordiiiary seasons, ho produced on two acres of land. The two acres wooMthen yield in vsluo on cotton seed. according to the almvo $25 12fc Or |ht acre, 12 06 This profit, out of which is to ho deducted the cixoenso of hulling, grinding wiiil pressing. 1'ho o\|m>iiso of grinding an.I pressing;, in N. Kuglaml, is defrayed ity the* oil cake The limner curries his ?lak ?MM>d to mill, takes away the wliolo of tin- oil and leave* the miller tho oil cake, lor Ins toll. The value of tho oil cako, therefore, measures (he t ost of grinding and pn-Mting. Ill tho 1H5-I wt of hulled seed, :d>ove mentioned, it will Ira soon, tliatj . the value of tlie oil cake, is to that of the ' whole product, a* ??> 2.5 : 2-3 121; oralmut . one-filth. Let us assume that the hulling j will cost an much as either tho grinding or i pressing, mul wo should nut it at 1-lOth.? i The cost of hulling, grinning, and pressing, ! will l>e to the worth of the whole product, ' a* 25 2 62=87 87: $2fl 12?or be tween a third and a fourth. 1 should, therefore, consider that an acre of land in N. Alabama would yield an amount of cot ton seed, which would Ihj worth to the planters al>out $8 clear again, This, like nn>lu*>es to the Migar planter, would |>ay all tbe expense of raising ami tiansporting the crop to market. Thin calculation might he extended from these elements to ostiumtcrs, nearly accurate, of national pro duction, hut I here abandon it, satisfied that in ftirniidiing vou with correct data, your own mind will lead you to all the rd- j quired results. It is, however, confidently l?elievcd. that i a Ktaide, worth 'letwcen 6 ami 0 millions, j will l>e created in the union, and so nan- j t guine are the persons entertaining this l?e I Itellef, that they seriously apprehend a de-| , pronation of the value of the oil from the whale fishery, in consequence of the com-1 petition. It will readily bo perceived that these apprehensions are not without foun- ; elation, when we recur to the quantity and | value of oil produced hy the whale flnhe-i ries. The whale fisheries produced lasti venr : spermaceti oil, 100,000 bids. worth 81? P?r bhl. ?1,900,0001 Common oil, 7 V0(K) l?!,l.?*. worth AS per h'nl. - ">00,000 w2,460,000' ' How far the introduction, into tho liomu j market, of a quantity of oil, worth lietween i , five ami nix millions, may affect tho Tallin i | of tin- existing supply, cannot Iw foreseen;' :a lilnM.il uiiml will cborish the ho|M>, that! j each staple, tho one the product of the sea,! j the other of the land, may find an appro priate n?e, and an extended consumption ; I I and that the competition; far from being an i aliment to sectional jealousy, may serve, only to i|uicken the exertions of honorable i industry. i The uses of cotton seed oil are not dis tinctly ascertained, a* yet. Major Smith (tho gentleman engaged in manufacturing i it) in of opinion, that it will make a lino j salad nil when obtained from frosh kernel*. ( 4M?t heated hy packing. In thin opinion I concur. Itn taste in bland: it resists oxyge nation, and contracts rancidity, slowtv. Its colour is rather uusightly, Imt chemical agents may easily divest it of the extract ive matter which'constituti's its colour, and reduce it to tho limpidity of Olive Oil.? The great consumption of oil in the United States, is derived Irom factories, machine ry, can and other lights. Some large Woollen Factorie* consume 300 or 400 bar rein of oil per ann. | am more satisfied, from further experiment, of its adaptation to tho purposes of lamp lights, flow fiir it may nulmerve tho use of the paintor, I know not. Whether it bo too drying, or notj sufficiently drying, it remains for chemical I analysis, or actual oxpor.ibnce to deckle. Ij wind von the only information which 11 have been able to collect, on that subject, j in a printed certificate, pasted on tho other ; side and can only add, that Mr. Tracy j stands vory fair in character. [Aor t/ir HrhubUcun and Mr graph'.] j " Much has been said of lato in tho pub-' lie papers on the subject of oxtracting oil | from cotton need for various purposes, and as nnv ex|?erience on'that subject may bo ; useful, permit mo to state, that thirty-fivo yearn ago i im|M>rted fifty bushels of cotton I seed from* the West Indies as an extieri-' ment; which was ground by Mr. Silas j (foodull, of this town, with the husk on ; and the oil when pressed out, was twenty six gallons of an excellent quality, being something thicker and heavier than oil from flax seed. On- moiety was mine, wifii which I |?aint> la Hani, now standing oil tho premises, w here is my present re silience. That building hath never since been painted, and those who have an into- ! rest or curiosity t > examine it, must lie sa-1 tisfiod that the oil extracted from cotton seed is more durable in paint, than any other with which we are acquainted. KMSIIA TRAt'V | Norwich, f?onn. Oct. 27, |HjM>." The oil rake is n very valuable and mi- , tritiou* food for milch cows, work steers, | fattening cattle and hogs. One hundred? weight of cotton seed oil cik", ;>t 7'i cts. i costs as much as 2 bushels and I peck of; <>ats, iu N. Knglattd, weighing about 071 weight Hut the oil coke is preferred to . isits, weight for weight, by those who have ' tried it. It is said to have this advantage | over linseed oil cake, that it hardens the llf-li of fattening hogs, or other stink. like corn ; whilst tin linseed oil cake makes the meat oily like mast fed pork." For th" purposes of painting, there can be no doubt much of it lias been used m that way, and indeed, f**\ as linseed oil. I presume the subject is now fully be-1 f<>re the public I ?\ ill only add, that one of tin bulling machines has been forwarded to t ?duiuhia, anil w ill lie there put into op-: oration, during tho session of tlio l#egi?da ture A COTTON PLANTFU. ? Mr. Km tor ?. I have seen in your paper a communica tion. hy an anonymous correspondent, on the subject of tlie Cotton-seed hulling ma chine of Follot fc Smith. I have been in correspondence with those gentlemen, on the subject of their machine, and wished to procurc one. if the price bad lieon such as would have w arranted me in doing so I (find, however, th?*ir price? so high that I have abandoned all idea of having any thing to do with it. 1 am induced to be licvo, that their cakulHtions, a* well m those ofyour r>r.-cs|>oiulunt "Cotton Pin ter," nnd others, are too extravagant ever to Iw realized. I doubt whether tho ma chine ever become* exteturivcly used, or tliut the ai'HHint of profit will l>e more than half the Kinn at which it has been htatr-l. Nor do I think thi?t any great proportion of the cotton-Hccd of the Southern States will bo converted into oil. I have convened with many practical men altout it, and find nono who consider it us likely to prove of much benefit to tho State. 1 have uakM several, what they would take for their seed as a regular article of wale, and they ?aid not let** thau twenty-five contn the bufthol. k in probable that considerable qunntiticH might be bought for lew, but not a:, much an may l>e supposed ; for it is a principal article of manure on all old settled plantations, and the owneM would find it difficult to do without it Tor that purposo, while cotton is so much cultivated as it is, and has been in this State ; and if all the surplus seed were converted into*oil, it would rapidly hasten the impoverishment of the lauds of the middle and upper parts of the Stato, already too sevoroly worked and negligently cultivator. In fa: t, so flur from bring second only to the cutton-gin, 1 do not believe it will he of one-fiftieth pari of its value. Tlio prices a?ked by those gentli>men forbid the expectation of its being hood introduced into general use.? They prefer Helling tor the wholu Ntate, for which they aKk fifty thousand dollars, or for districts, fifty cents a bale, for every bale mado in each district last year, and if there should hereafter appear to l>o any mistake, or misrepresentation, in tho num ber of hales, the purchaser to pay seventy* live cents for every bale over the find stated number, or to forfeit the patent right: and for the use of a single machine they ask one thousand dollars, including the price of the machine, (ono hundred and filly dollars.) Now, let any one calculate if he could give such prices with any cer tainty of profit. In the first place, he must learn what price the oil would command by the quantity.?It may not bring 25 cts. the gallon, and a bushel of seeds will yield alwut three quarts of oil. Opinion seems to bo general against it, for lamp oil, paint oil, or for dressing leather, (lulling the seed is not the most difficult operation; expressing tho oil will be a troublesome process, snd perhaps finding a market more troublesome than either. It was tried about twenty years ago for paint oil, and con demned ; and its utility is still to be proved If they employ a granite cylinder, running in a hollow breast, or side piece, of tho same, they aro not the first inventors ; for tho sumo mode has been employed by Mr. White, at his mills, on Fishing ('reek, Chester District, as early as 1821. lie did not use granite, but he used what was as good (tho cologne stone) for that purpose, lie thought so little of it as to determine him not to apply for a patent. He shewed it to mo some timo ago, and observed that ho was convinced the object might' be ac complished in several way a, and that a patent would bo useless. 1 ant convinced that I could have a machine iuuQo on differ ent principles, perhap* equally as efficient, that would not cost more than fifty or sixty dollars. In relation to the price of oil, I would ask, what effect would ono million of gallons, in addition to the quantity alrea dy used, thrown into tho market, havo 1? It would probably reduce it one half; and tho common and inferior oils are now sell ing low. If I wero tho owner of tho patent, I would sell as speedily as I could ; but tlu misfortune attending inventors in general, is, that they dream of immense fortunes, hold their inveutionsat extravagant pives, and reap nothing but disappointment; when, by pursuing a different course, they might realize a handsome profit, and secure a competency. WM KIXINON. Columbia, .Yov. 18, 1829. j Siii ? I iilvK'i'vc n Mr. M'Into*h ha* ob-| tained a patent f?>r refining sugar with clay. Thin in not new. A patent wan taken nut in Knglnnd, Jan. 1*27, for the following process. 1800 lb*. of coarae sugar : 84 gallons or 672 lbs. of water : 16 lb*, pearl ash : 25 lb*, of flne clnv, or fuller* earth, mixed with water enough to give it the consistence of cream. 1MI theic ingredi (tit*, stir them, v um the liquor: when bailed for a *hort time, pour it into a vessel with thtcc eock*, placed at v>me distance from c??cli other. Meruit tile ves w| in virh a way that it enn he easily inclined with out (disturbing the lirptor : thi* i* best done by means of a trice. In from J? to 24 hours* the top part of the liquor will be clear : draw it off: nnd so with the two remaining portions. The sediment i.< to be mixed with scum, for future operation*. Kight part* of juice of the sugar cane, '?ught to contain one part of sugar. It will Iso contain one part of oily, gummy muci ! irc : which in Kngland they Ret rid of by abou? i a lit. of white vitriol to 100 Rallon* "f juice : but of the utilit) of this part of the 1 proc???, f am )">' certain. They nild to 1*0 gallon* of juiee 1 i III, of lime mn(|t! into the comiitenve <>f crenin wit;* water, tn neutrulize the oxalic and probably nuillc acid contained in it. They add atftu now in tin* W. Ii>ilicM to 100 i*:d Ions of juice 3 ibv of bonc-hluck. They filter : the) evaporate not by boil ing in the u*uiil w?y, hut hy formin;; u va cuum over the boiler by means of i.n air pump worked cither by Imiim power .u water powir, or *teMi?. The licit applied must not raiw the liquor U'jnml l.tO ol Fahrenheit's thermometer at the very ut moftt. The umtd boiling heat from 212? :20 without the vacuum, convert* the wi g. r into inolasse*, nml chars the gummy and mucHi(giium? # -.ttcr, colouring the lxpi?>r. The hent ut the liquor in point c.f fact need not be above 100 of Fahrenheit'* thermometer. A substitute for the nir pomp cnn bo found' in Dr. Anwi'i physics, p. 567* ( The eurnliul pints oj ttie process in inn* | king good sugar, arc, very gentle Iroding j with bone btark, and firr,'ia/ia rvith bfbod, whose albumen coagulated by heat, renders; the impurities more eusily scummed oft*. Next, Filtering, which I consider indin-i pensible. Then# boiling in vacuo, which I am sure] is equally to. Theprctent rough methods will do, while j the present high prices continue. But J competition is gathering all around ; and j will be very extensive hi 3 years from this: time. He who applies most scicnce, will! gain nnd save most money. To those who mcun to plant sugar, I j advise, a rotHtion of crops. Sugir should < not l?e a crop more than once in three years.1 The earlier it is planted so lis to be secure1 from frost the better. Three rollers, dis-' posed two below and one above, promise to be better than 3 vertical rollers on cod, wheic the middle one turns the other t'.vo. j It is pretended sugar can be made out of] molasses. Nothing but a coarse coloured | sugar can bv so made, culled Dasturd* and used to adulterate brown sugar. THOMAS COOPER. ! TIIK CITY OFNILK8. A new (own in Michigan is laid out and about to l>ocalled"Nilci?," in honor of Nile* HezeUiah. It is clear that every parrot has; a right to christen hi* own huutliug, whether it will afterwards stand cJiristen ed or nul?-so likewise tlio wiso men of Michigan.havc an undouhtcd right to name a town of their own creation ; hut in thin instance we can hardly pontuade ourselves tolwlievu that it will long irtand named.? Mankind sooner 01- later prefer to hoc fair play : and if theso " American System" rages are to do honor to any of their ances try, justice clearly demands that thoy should Itchtow it on their first parent, Mat thew Carey. It in notorious that ".Nilcn" ik only one of Matthew Carey'* chicken*; and wo feel positively certain, that that grateful hrood will, ere long, pronounce " Nile*" a misnomer of that renowned ci ty. W'hv should it not Ik* yclepod ("Jay 1 Of all Mother Carey's com wae utatc proge ny, there is not a ntoro distinguished and indomitahh- Clianlielero than " Henry." %-.? .L1..H1. 1 i aji'aLa. TARIFF. [?''"ill tin* 'i'rwln Ailvm-Hte.] SOUTHERN VIF.W OF THE TARIFF POLICY. Probably nr? net passed by congress tincc the adoption of the fcdi-rid constitution, ha* ? created *o general a sensation ai thettrifFj net of 1828. It true no novel principle ] wit/* advanced. The net of 1824 certainly, i peihaps those of 1820 and lKlfi, hud the ?an c foundation. All were Intended for I the protection of domestic manufactures, I and they were nvowcdly framed with n J view to thin aft their principal object. T nose; who advocate the constitutionality of .1 ta- ' riff of protection, rtly 011 thesescvcial a< is, as a strong argument in fax or of vhr autho-1 nty ot Congress. Ona candid examination,' this atgumcnt will be found rather specious ? ban aolid. The payment of the national debt was one of the tlroii^c'st motives for n substitu tion nt the present constitution, instead ol j (lie ?>ld artieles of confederation. The states were verv nmvillinp, to place the custom house under tlio control ol congress.] They were reluctant to afford them <*\ en a , limit vd power to ruiw a revenue, by i:u- 1 l?osim; duties on intjMirts, huflVctunl vf I torts were made to empower congress to< | levy n duty, ? \en of five per eent. I?r tin purpose of paying the national debt. Such wns the s.i'uitai) jealousy of our ancestor*. Still the states were slow io MippU nig their quota fur pa) ing tin* expense? of tl.tr go-1 \ eminent, tiifit ? as they tlicn were ; the I ohlic debt was undiminished, and the pub lic credit inpa;t<d. Other delects existed under the 1 onfederation, t.i which it ;s ti". necessary to advert. I'inlet the consti 11 1 ion of 17K9, the power iv given t??eongiess to impose duties in imports. Oo reverting to the evil# intended to be rcine<lic?lt it will be seen, that the only object of this power was to enable congress to raise a revenue for defraying the expenses of the govern-, i ment, and discharging the public debt. 1 In the exercise of this power, much skill might he advantageously employed. In fixing a tariff it was proper not to impose heavy duties on the ueccasaricHof lite, audi more especially mi those which could not Iks' produced at homo, but for which the con sumer wm compelled to resort to foreign countries. It wns wise, it waa judicious in congress, to raise a revenue by taxing those articles which might be regarded is luxu ries and in the selection of objects, to levy a duty on those commodities whirh might ??e ptoduoed nt home. Tn the p?-rf?"mnnce '?if this legitimate duty. ctm^nvH would n? rrcwirdy gi??* cncmiMgcmciit to imiivr in? jdustry, Imi thin was the cflVct of it judicious ' exercUv of their power to r.ilsv n revenue. I Coii{r<!?? Imi the !>?? wer to intiiblixh n mvy. In the cxerii?e of that power, many mc uliHitks are employed, nnd the timber of the eouutry is profit?bly consumed, bat coiir.rtw linn no power to build ships In or <(tr to im icli ship carpenter*, or tfoeowurr* of live o.%k fiireim, It tongrenn were tn pits* a Im* with thnt avowed object, what ever mi>;ht be the title of the bill, it could not well Ijw denied that the net would he n deliberate, palppbfaMknd dangerous vlolu tinn of the constitution. In otlu r words congress have no power to impropriate tin public money to any other purposes than those which nre, in truth, specified in the terms of the constitution ; and yet the only difference I*, thnt the ?hip> wright* and growers of live utile, are less numerous, or lc<i pow .rful, or lem clamorous, thun the tntinufactureiaaiid'KVowers of wool. Until (he year 1816, fvry tnriff h:\?l for its pi incipal object the raising of revenue. All the arguments in favor of prelecting domestic industry, until that period, even tlu-preamble to tiic first act of congrous, ?re perfectly consistent with the foregoing "lews. In the larift'of 1816, eo'igivss first assumed the power to impose duties for the purpose of pimectioii. Under the licavj war duties, (imposed to meet the oiegcu* cies of t.?e ncuisimi,) ninny Individuals h:*<t been induced to emhurk extensive capital* in the establishment of manufactories ? Suddenly to i educe the duties to the stand aid fixed previous to the war, would have insured the ruin of these infant institutions. It was urged, too, that the acts of -.ongrehs, l>y affording cncnui ngetnent, had occasioned the delusion. Appeals were made to their justice, their magnanimity, to their sympa thy . Congress yielded to their solicitations, and lorgot, or loit sight of, their duty to the country, and to the constitution. Public bodief, like individual*, are sometimes misled, or rather curried .away, hy their feelings. It w-*s a season of triumpu. The country had just emerged from a severe voliliici \\ ith (i foreign enemy, and the arms of Iter soldiers were covered with glory. I*. w: s the era of good feelings. The heart triumphed over iho bend, and Lowndes, and Chcevex, and Calhoun, gave their sanction ton measure, the consequences of which tlicy have lived long enough bitterly to deplore. The constitutional power was not diseusscd. The prayer of the tuanufac ? turers was, not that the duties might be increased, but that they might not Ik* ton suddenly rcduced. Cong res- acted then as they did in making appropriations for the sufferers at Canteen*. It was a liberal dis tribution of the public money, but entirely without diithnritv. Since the act of 181G, every revision of the tariff ha* exhibited a more dangerous encroachment on the principles of the ? constitution. The opposition of the ug.i- i cultural mid commercial interest* has been * disregarded, and u combination of circum-; ituicm bu rendered them powert?s? in the > conned* of the nation. Whether icongress posscstes the constitu*' tionnl rjAor not, whether it would nd-1 vanco tf^Fvealtii of the country or not, the principles ot our government, the true spi*! rit of our Union, should have pi evented t he ' passage of the act of 1828. Where ho large I a portion of the country bellevt that their intercut* would he jeopardized, where the opposition in to respectable, at least, in number* and authmity, to the measure at one of policy, and where such strong doubt* are entertained and expressed of the con stitutional right, a due respect to the mino rity, nay a regard for the perpetuity of our ! institutions, should have induced congress to refrain from the further er.ercite of a power so odious, if not unwarrantable. uut It ih fruitless to lumcnt the ntloption of the measure. , A variety ??f view* may be presented a* to the cffects of the Htvut ontlic pecuniary prosperity of the country. At far a* wc can judge, it will lie dec idedfy mischievous. But the arguments of its Ad vocate* are phusable, wild experience alone can determine the question. It will l>c happy for the country, if conviction is not too deaily purchased. Unhappily the effect of the system on the fcftbiffi of the different sections of the Union towards each arc not m> equivocal. Between the north and south, a degree of jealousy always existed. Perhaps it was inseparable from a difference in habits, insti tutions and occupations. Ihn the feeling was rarely exhibited ; never avowed among enlightened men, and nuifurinb ehsappiov- j cd. To the l.'oi tn, and to the constitution, ' no rhu.s of men were more devotedly at tached than the people ofthesomh of all d.uominution*. I'lie statesmen of South Carolina had been nniforndy di?po?cd to coietrue liberally the powers'vested in con gress and to strengthen the arm of the n ?? tionnl c rnment. It was the government k*?f then ehoice, of their pride, of their con ijtidence. It was true, they derived little ' benefit from the revenue ?.f the country.? 1'h'' i xpeuriiture* ,'or thenuv al and military , cstuhilsiiineut*, ..ml of the r.ivil list general ly, were disbursed elscwuc. Thev derive i little other benefit from the national gA ' vemment, than the con*eionsne?s o| stc nil tj frmn its protect ion, and the glory of r.on I ti ibutiiiK to the support of .1 republic, which j was llie las' hope of freedom. 1'hey dis dained m iVi-truvt any department of the , go* ei'osuent. l itis reposing confidence has i Ih'cii maiuf- sted on se veral occasions, The ; reso|uti<??? of the legislature ?>n the project <?1 the national bank, nay the icport of tin* i committee of the house, on the subject of ' the tunff of Ift'iO, show how unwilling the state was to question the authority of congress, to believe that they might not be implicitly trusted with the interests of the 'country. , I 'nquestionably, Judge Smith's j defeat in IM'J'J was attributable to his at | tnehment to Mr. Cruwfnrd, and the princi ples of radicalism. Their oppo.itinn to the eoeroacbif.i ats of congress were regarded as the qnciulons cavils of discontented po liticians, or ti?e arts of designing dem i gojpies. The pamphlet of Mr M D.itfie, under the signature of one of thr pc.iplt, published in IHJ-l, and his speech at *h? (Umhridgft dimn r, in which he was p.ci?cd to give the de finitn-u ol a radical, cvi??, at once, the lutitodinarfnn opinions then en trrtplnrd sn*?Ulgrnt and mmammmrnm their disposition to discourage soyjealoati: ?s to the acts, or the s?tutned power* of the general government. Fiom tbe existence of the federal govern ment, until the year 1825, no ktate had ex* hibitcd a more cordial devotion to the Un ion, and to the general government under which it wu conducted, than the. state of South I'nrolinu. The tariQ'of 162-1, and some movements in regard to the slave population, thou seemed, for the find time, to create a lurk ing suspicion that, in her attachment to the general government the state had. per> liuus. not been sufficiently vigilant In-the maintenance of her own rights, and in tbo protection of her |>eculiar Interest*. The* warning* of those who had been decried on radical*, were now remembered, and their foresight gratclUlly approved. BtUI there wax no di*i>o*ition to quarrel with the general government. The attachment to'the Union waannabated. nay. unafleet-* ml. But inquiry wit awake. Reflection noon satisfied the people of tbo south, that their intcreata might l?o disregarded in tho national councils, that tho conatitution might lie perverted into an engine of op pression. Tho proceeding* of congress were saenned with a more scrutinising eye. Unhappily all their auhaequent move ments, in regard to tho American system, tended to confirm tho suspicion that tho south had slept too long. It wo* too evi dent, that combination and intrigues wem too powerful fbr reason or remonstrance. The result is such as oucht to have been anticipated. The Intuits of the confederacy nre uudoiihtedly weakened. I am unwil ling to say, thai the feelings of the south are alienated. Hut undoubtedly public opinion is set in a different current. Men inquire with freedom into tue relative ad vantages and advantages of the U nion. Not only <lo tlioy think, ana speak, of the une qual burthens of the south, and the few pe cuniary returasrecfi ved for the nrvenuetiiey afi'onl to the treusury, but they rover* to tho condition of the Mate under the old articles of confederation, and many nigh that our forefathers did not endure a'littlo longer the evilsoftliat system,before they haxarucd the adoption of tho present cmunitution. Throe yearn ago,' no inan would talk of disunion, unless ho was ambitious of dis tinction as a fool or madman. Now it is advocated openly by somo, secretly desired bv more, and ucciv discussed by all.? With many the result is regarded as inevi table, and the only question is, how the system may lie dissolved with tlie least violence. Sectional jealousy is exaspera ted to the highest degrco. H1 no oppressions of Now England are already more intolera ble," said Mr. McDuffie at a public meeting in 182? 'than those of the mother count*-/ be fore the revolution. Our ancestors iudig nantly refused to sulmiit to them and we are unworthy their name, if wo longer enduro our wrongs." When such aro the expres sion* of a distinguished statesman, tbo feelings of those less controlled by nuod or education, can scarcely be moro mode rate. Such have already been the disas trous effects of this unfortunate system OS lite general feelings of tho soutlietn coun try. The nrobaole denouement of tbe matter romains to bo considered. .-Publics. South Carolina. FOREIGN* LATEST FKOM EUROPE. The Packet Hhip Shvanut Jenktnt, Cant' Macy, arrived ynterdiv morning front Li verpool, whence she Miledow the fttlt Octo her, and lias brought us London paper* to Hth, Liverpool to oth and Glasgow to 0th Octoliei-, nil inclusive} together wMi^itr correspondent'* letter* 'j he only new* ft the I oust moment hy this Arrival ta the MH telligcucc, that fkack had been concluded between Ru?>ia and the Porte* at Adrian** pie oil tlte 14th Sept. Thla information doe* not come in an official form, bat from Mich a source as to leafe little doubt of it* authentir.it)'. The I?nndaa Conrier ac knowledge* the fact, tobo all but official.? The demand* of Nicholas, it appear*, have all hcen agreed to by the 'furs*. The Prcnch and English Minister* are 1 principally occupied with local aflUrs. In I'runce the attack* of the liberal journil* upon the Pollignac Cabinet continue. with unabated forcc and vehemence. Change* are expected. l'ROM THE SEAT OF WAR. London, Wednesday Evening. Russia and Tvkkkt.? Dckpatchcshavo be.-, n received at the Foreign Office from ?<ur Ambassador, Sir Robert Gordon, dated September 16. They announce that tho Tieaty of Peace between Russia andTnr kev wu? concluded a? Adrhiuople on tho 24th ult. Couriers were immediately de spatched with the intelligence to the French rind F.ni;li?h Ambassador* at Cnn*tantino pU-, and the Court* of Berlin mid St. Pe Jjtershsirg. The capital remained perfectly { tranquil. No official account of the eondl I tions ot the treaty appear* yet to havo I icached Government : hut we understand I from another quarter that the principal j point* are known, and that they do not diner , material!) ftoin the account of them which I h i* appeared in theGaxettedc France. fly j letter- from llcrlln, we learn that the trea ty, with a detailed account of the negocia' I tions, had been received hy the Pru*sian (?o\ ci mn?*ii! ; and that it was expected to hipf,eur i" an extraordinary number of the 11'* <! - i.m S- itc G.ixette, *o as to reaeh thte < ? in iitrv m the course of a week. Aocordinf to the*'* letter* the Greek question is fully, conceded l?v the Sultan, and the Treat* of I.oiiiIop, vuiiiect only to Mich modifications a* may be recommended hy the three Pow* ci s, itussia, Fiance, and England, litohavtf lull effect. The portion of the Greek ter ritory i?till in poMtcaalon of the Turks, will* r?f course, be evacuated without delay. H* new account* have reached Ciovemment from Adrianople. Gen. DeM?Hsch was, we believe, there at the date of the account# from Constantinople, There i* no truth h? the account* which have appeared in som*! of the German paper*, of the execution* at Constantinople. They are said to have been very limited In number,-*-Qfobr. London, Oft. 8. Despatches were Imwtght hy an offim* from Hir K. Gordon, at Constantino?!* in lthe r?.r? lee ?ffi??. nWtlH|