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DEVOTED TO SOUTHERN RIGHTS, DEMOCRACY, NEWS, LITERATURE, AGRICULTURE SCIENCE AND THE ART5 WILLIAM LEWIS, - PROPRIETORS* " O -iot' RtWiR -i A JOHN ' RICHARDSON, Jn., R VOL..iii. SUMTERVILLE, S. C., SEPT., 27, 1S54. THE SUMTER BANNER Is PUBLISHED Every Wediesday Moralhaug BY Lewis & Richardson. T1, E RItIs, TWO DOLLARS in advance, Two Dollars land Fifty Ceits at the expiration of six months or Three Dollars at the end of the year. No paper discontinued until all arrearages are rA In, unless at the option of the Proprietor. r - Advertisements inserted at SEVENTY FIU 'Cents per square, (12 linesn or less,) for he' first, and Cal f that sum for each subsequent insertion, (Ollicial advertisements the same each time). .' jY The number of insertions to be marked on all Advertisonenta or they will be publismeil until ordered to be discontinued, an charged ' SN E DOLLAR per square for a single Jnsertion. Quarterly and Monthly Advertise nents will be charged the same as a single in. sertion. and semi-monthly the sane as new onew Plillosopihy and Cure of Intemperance. We give below an essay on the interesting iand absorbing topic of temperance reform. To many (f our readers the views there entertained will be found moral and worthy of serious consideration: For the present, I would discuss an evil which devastates the world at all times anl seasons, and which it requires all the world's wisdom and philanthropy to meet, with all the l.l power and scientific information whieb can be brought to bear. In. t(mperance, the almuot universal scourge of hunanity, sweeping annu ally t) a dihonored grave thirty thou sand of our population, and probably a mill ion of the earth's inhabitants, has never yet been rightly understood and thmoughly treated by the philain thropists who are engaged in arresting its march; and their labors, in conse quence, have been productive of but imperlect results, in eo:nparison with what might have been accomplished, had L,ere been a coirrect understanding <>f the nature of ti s disorder, and the philosophy of its cure. With all due deference for the pre. vioti ittvestigatiown of physiologists, I mu-t expres my regret that they have falile.l to discover a1n enfrce the onuly great indu valu:ibte practical truth which, upont this subject. physiq'iogy Call eotrtiiibutie to philiithiropy-t.W Wit: tLhe promowihn that intemperane is strictly a curable disease, and that, by propier medical atid maoral ieme -dies, it. may be eitirel i-eimosved firom the earth, if the nie'essary remedie:- ire applied on a scale sutliciemly exten sive. I propose, then, to illustrate: 1. The philosophy of intenhperance -which explaits its prodiuction and its cure. 2. The medical etire and prophy. latxis. 3. The moral ctirc and prevention. Tihe extravagant consumption of ideoiholic drinks, which is the leading form of intemperance in our owu country, is based upon an. appetite, which manifests itself in many other modes, none ot wvhich, however, have been so destructive as that of ailcohol. Spices, condiments, aid aroimaties; coffee, tea, tubaceo, opium, eth r, chloroform, and other narcotics, are the commen gratifleations of Ihe in. temperance appetite. In all of these indulgenees, it exhibits the same essenmtial character, and love of pleas. ant stimnulat ion. The universad pres entee of this appetite for st itmulus, in all coutntries, and in all ages of' thte huanrace, especially itn those where man, as a savage, is stupposed to be mnore nearly it a s' ate of nature, piov, s that the love of stimulus is an inhe rent atppetitc, or organmie tendency of the human constitution, atnd not the mere prod uction o'f artificial ctustoim, imitation, arid disease. If, then, there be an inherent natural appetite for stimulation, that appetite must, have its organie locality, and its laws of development andl dIeline, which will enable us to regulate its manifesta tions. That the love of stimtulation depends, like the love offood, upon a particular portion of the brain, was oe of my earliest discoveries itn seve rl cerebral physiology. The organ uponi which the appetite for stimualus depends, is located Immediately in front of the cavity of the ear, at the posterior margin of' the lowver jaw, about half ant inch below and behind its socket. Immediately anterior to the Love of Sthnulus is located the organ of Alimentivenaess, or the appe. ditetfor food. Trhe exantemnent of the organ of Love of~timnulus, in an imnpressibIle subject, creates the trtue drunkard's thirst. In its first degree of excitemtent there is mneely. a -desiro fo.r the lig ter kinds of stimiulatio-fibr such drinks *ad eider, wine, aind beei; but when the orgaun is imore intensely exeited, no t'hig btit the strongest distilled li a swill satisIy its desires. T1hne * n. st deleenate females, to whom a snooi'uil of' arlent unirits wouldr he a disagreeable and loathsome dose. have been prompted, when the Love o1 tinulus has been excited, to drink pure brandy and whiskey with pleas ure, with as much conort and as lit te exhilaration as would be experi enced by an old toper. As Alimtentiveness produces ade pressed condition, which we call hun ger, and which is relieved by iood so the Love of Stimulus produces a difl'erent form of depression and appe tite which is relieved by stimulants, ifthe organ of' Love of Stimulus be largely developed, as we generally find it in the de-seendants of the in, temperate, which may he counteract. ed, it is true, by heroie self denial, and a continual struggle, but which fewt have the fortitude to resist. TI victim of this hereditary organizati' ..n finds himself in a depressed melan. cholly, and craving condition, until his natural appetite is gratified when he finds himself restored to serenity and omifort, and, perceiving no evil eflects from its indulgences, he is tempted to repeat it, with a strong conviction thatheq is doing a hcalthf'ul act, and procuring ani innocent pleas. ure. It is useless to tell such an indi. vidual that all alcoholic drinks are essencially poisonous, and.that every drop which lie takes is an injury to his constitution. lie knows, experinen. tally, that such is not the flict. Io knows that within reasonable limits lie enjoys the highest h'ealth and cofnbt, I while indulging in his usual potatioins, and that abstinence is inunediately followed by depression and debility, which predispose to disease. Ilence, when he is suiioned by tho ultra advocate of temperance, in accordance with an erroneous phys. iological doctrine, to abandon his usual gratilication, his reason revolts at the demand, and instead of syrmpa thizing wilh the cause of temperance, which has so many earnest claims upon his benevolence, he is driven, by the extravagance of its advocates, into t feiingr of coolness, it is absolute hostility to this great nid benevolent reformn. We should say to this large class of our countrymen who are addicted L vinous and alcoholic potat,iis, not that they are consuming essential poisoin, and perpletating m1oral or physiologi cal .-ins in ever) consumption of their uN.ual beverage, but, rather that. tile) are grat'yiig and cultivating an appetite which, however' apparently innocent in its present ihrm, is still an evil, and is ever liable to increase until it becomes destructive in body and soul. If, in its exces;, the alco holic appetite tends to the destruction of i'll Iihat Is noble aind niany, eyen its milder indulgences must be, to some extent., an evil, although less palpable in their e0'ects. lence, we aire justi. tied in warning ev 11 the telplierat con.sumer of wintes, who never rise-, t alcoholic -xhilaration, against the error of his course. But in what doe erro(r i.onsist ? Mark the distinction ! It is not the vinous indulgence whicl: We shpuid denounce its a physiologienl -41n, but thl. , orgaii e depravity (I debility wlich denmitads it, and wieich is perpetuated by mil ulg.-nimw. Wh a imiserable patient, exhausted b hemorrhage and pro.fud e diclargc requires to be sutstained from hour te hour b'y birandy, :.monia. and othei potent stimin ulaints, what is the ph yio lo gical disorder which we are to lmojurn' Is it the use ci' bramndy anid amnonit which prevent, hinm froim sinking sti I further-or is it the pirostraItitin anit exhaiustionm whic'h renidered t hesi stiii.ulants nleces-ary tIi1 is evide'n that ini his present condition lie canno. live long; but in wthat manner is he t'. lie relieved ? Is it by remnoving" al onceC the stimnaulants upon w.thich hi dlepend~s, or by restoring the heaLlthy action of' his constitution, so as t< rendler them unnecessary? I'm th<. debility or the stimumlaton the evil? Thme inuestion answvers itself. In liktn mannier should we regard all who an< addicted to alcoholic stimulation as v'icti ims ofanmi origani c evil or inafirmait which requires to be rectihied. S. long as the debility exists, and th< craving for' stinmilus is perpietuaitod no legislation to annihilate the alcohol ic tradle, and nio amnount, of virtuom self' denial, that we can reatsoniabl expect, will accomplish what the east requires. It may he, that. if alcoholi< dIrinks wvere bianished from society the constittution oif aman, giftem.d as it i: w ith imm Jiense powver's of' adaptation a temperate constitutioni, and that t .< organi of' theo Love of' Stimulus, atbso lutely starved into atrophy, wout gradually cease to be an influenitia element of the human constitution. But, in this tedious process a great dea of' moral evil and unhappinmess w~oum be produced, anid there is a st.ronj probability that other stimulant would be introduced, destructive t< health and longevity, amnd capable c prod ucing a gradual deterioration i the constituttions of mankind. I hol therefre; thati. t he oxt nal means for the cure or intemperance which have heretofore been adopted the moral suasion, the legal coercion, and the immense power of'public sen tinent and juvenile education-are bit superficial and imperfect modes of treating a constitutional disorder ; -methods which aim too much at efTects, and too little at causes. Those causes lie in the universal constitution of man-in his natural or inherent tendency to nervous depres sion, with a consequient desire for a stimulus which shall lift him out of that sphere of misery toward which lie naturaly gravitate3. It is not merely by snatching from the poor victim the devil's tostrum, alcohol, which all evia tes his synIptoms, but prolongs and aggravates Ii constitutional disorder, that the cure is to be wrought. The disorder must be cured] by revolution izing the constitution of the pationt, and annihilating that craving infirmity which constitutes the esse .ee of the disease. Two allpotent cures have been offered us by the Creator, pl -in ly and palpably indicated inl the con sLitutiona of man and of nature, and it is mervellous, indeed, that a world so full of learning, so full of benevolence --paying inillions to two professions for the cure of body and of soul-has iot yet understood and applied the two great remedies-the physiologi. cal and the moral cure of intemper alice. In my next, I shall develope the curability of intemperance by medici nal and hygicnic imeans-hoping to satisfy the reader that intnemperance may be medically treated, by safe, simple, and wholesome measures, with at least as great certainty of sue. cess as we generally experience in the treatment of any disorder of equal permanency, magnitude, and danger. II.-PJIYSIOLOGICAL AND MEDICAL CURE OF INTEMPKRANCE. Having shown in my last that in temefiniiu is not merely an affair of exLernal ci-OumOte1iIes, uut a& ..t;Lu tional peculiarity or temperament, de. pendent upon an organic develope mcnt at the base of the brain, in the region of th ie appetites, which produces a nervous exhaustion and deprestion, with a desire for stimulatior, the )ractical question before us is this : In what manner can we elliciently and pernianenmtl remove the constitu tional inifirm-ity which demands stimu lation ? The mnodus operandi of the cure will be best understood by examini'ng farther the physiological nature of the dillienity. Vhy is it than man grtps at ex ter. nal objects and continually seeks a supply ofnourishing aind stimulating food I Why cannot his living organs contimue to act, and maintain their in tegrity of suistanee, like a tree in mid winter, independent of .lood ? Or, like the frogs which we sometimes see eneased in the solid stone ? I he nece-ot-y for food arises from Ie a!ct t hat. his con.;tititiomi is a disin tera:hin, or self wasting apparatus. i From six to tep ointics of carbon, wit ia propotional quatii ty of nitrro get, a id arge btindiit. e quanti ty (several rounds) of oxygen and hvdrogeii, are daily thrown off and sep. arate.l frm the substance of his body, and discharged into thle atmosphere b~y various routes. Not only are the sol. idl tissues thus consumaedJ, but thu blood upon which every process of life de Ipends, is still moure rapidly wasted; and uinless this waste be supplied by o gestedl miaterials, the blood and sol idl tis'ues are redluced inl eight o; teni idays, to an extet incompatible with -life ; and death by starvatiena is the conseuen~~ice. Thme rapidity with which the vital power becomes completely exhausted, depends partly upon the rich abundance of ahe blood and tis -sues, and partly upon the vital tonmicity and firmuness of st~ructure, which resist waste. In co nstitutions remarkable for- firmness of fib.re, and a great quan-. tit~y of rich blood, wvith certain anti septic qualities of temperament-, ab stinenace ra.ay be borne for several -vweeks. Indeed, so many marvellous stories, of apparent authenticity, have been told. ini reference to abstinence fromt food, that it would be impossible to set any definite limits to the endu rance of abstinence. The important hygienic p~oin~t to be understood is this :that, other things being equal, the constitution is mnore independenat of external support, in propmotioni to its firmness of fibre, and I the predomiinance of the tonic over the relaxing elements of the constitution. I In other words, where the muscles are I well developed and firm, while the ;viscera which form the various secre t tions, and thus waste our substance, are of butt moderate developement, the f poe of resistance rises to its maxi i mum ; and the constitution has th'e least necessity for incessant supp~liefl -of nourishment andl stimulation. n the contrary, when the vital tonicity is moderate, the tissues relaxed, the viscera active, and decomposition rapid, life becomes speedily exhausted, and an incessant supply of nourish mnent and stimulation becemnes neces sary. In these remarks upon tonic and atonic constitutions, I have spoken of iourishnient and stimulation without distinction, as they are demads of a similar iature, associated together, and belonging to adjacent portions of the brain. I lence, in the management of these demands, similar principles are to be observed. By increasing the tone and firmness of the constitu tion, it becomes more buoyant or sell sustaining less inclined to dissolution, and more independent of external sup port. The tonicity which is needed in these cases is not merely that which sustains the muscular strength, hut that also which sustains the pleasurable activity of the brain, giving one full possession of his intellectual and moral faculties. Whenever these deeline-whenever hope, energy, enthusiasm, and the more pleasant sentiments decline in activity, leaving us a prey to despond ent melancholy-we Icel the need of stimulation, and eagerly resort to cof fee, tobacco or wine. 'The question, then, arises, -whether it is possible, by any medicinal agen. cies, to check the more exhausting processes of life, and to maintain that buoyant energy of the brain and mus eular system which miay render the mind cleerful. happy, brilliant, ener getic, and altogether above the neces sity for material stimulants-being a coiditioni, in fact, to which stimulants are unpleasant. I have long been convinced that a tonic regimen might be devised, which would gradually lift the constitution above the necessity or the desire- for any species of stimulation ; and that those articles of the Materia Afedica, belonging to the class of tmit,;c. would furnish valuable remedies. tihe ui uaimiro, and ortifig his constitution against a relapse inmto in temperate habits. Other more imime -liate and eugrossing subjects of atten tim. and thou'At, have prevented me !roma following up this suggestion as its importance demanded, and subject. img it to the test of an experiment. Meantime, however, the principle has been tested by others, and my highest anticpations have been fu ly verified. Of all our vegetable tonics, I know of nione more-valuable than our favor. ite article, the Hydrastis Canadensis, or Golden Scal. The oflicinal tincture of Ilycrastis. in doses of .from five to twenty-drops, is. one the most. valua ble and sanativo tonics known, and has an extensive range in our ,fateria Afi(bcu. This article, w-hich upon generaliprinciples, I had recoimended as one of the best agents inl the treat ment of intemperance, I have since learned from my colleague, l'rofessor N., had been suceesstully used by him, in the treatment. of a patient of intem perate habits. I have also been informed by a gradiate ofour last medical class, that he had accidentally verified the princi. ple in himself, in; taking tincture of QuaSsia, which he found to be incom pntible with the use of alcoholic driiks. Tlhe torough and decisive demon stration, however, of the efficacy of the tonic systemi has been made by a physiciami of Texas. A Dr. Urban, while practising in that State some years since, finding his supply (ofQuin ime exhausted, waus comip.- lied to re sort, to ot her tonies ; and having a good supply of Quassia, mlade it a substitute andl prepared a nmedicine w hich an* swered his purpose. 1mn using this preparation, lhe discovered accidentally thot it, possesed a marked antagonism to mltemnperate habits ; and nlot only tendled to destroy the desire for alco holic drinks, but rendered the stomach repugnant to them, to such an extenlt as to cause a f rejeit ejection by vomiting. Being himsel0!f accustom ed to a very liberal use of spirituous Ii. (pluors, the discovery was first made upIoni his own person Hlaying satis tied hiimself of the thect, he tried anm other experimenut upon his friend and associate, Mr. Unrnmey, writh the same results. Ardent spirits could not be retained on the stomach, which had previously been fortified by his tonic remedy. Satisfied by this experience, he tested the new remedy thioroumghly amnlg his f'riends [and patients, until he obtained sallieient evidenen (of its value and power in curing conlirmed habits of intemnperance. Hanving thuns established the reputation of' his reme dy ini Texas, he has since located in Louisville, anmd is endeavoring to pre. pagate its use, under the title of "Urban's Anti-Blacchanalian Remedy." When I first saw his startling an. nouncement, I took the earliest oppor tunity to call and obtain seine infer maton ponthe subject-and received fro Dr.Urban the nersonal narra. tive of his experience, with sufficient testimony to convince me of the val ue of his remedy. Satisfied that it must be essentially a preparation of some efficient tonic, I mentioned my conviction-and he informed me that the principal ingredient in his nostrum was Quassia, from which, with the as sistance of Sulphuric Acid, he had ex tracted the active principle. Whether Quassia is entitled to any special preeminence over our other tonics, I think there can be no doubt that it is a most excellent and efficient remedy. I am confident, however, that in various forms and conditions of intemperance several other tonics might be advantageously brought to bear, their use and combination being varied according to circumstances. Aniong these, I would mention the Ifgdrastis Canadensis, or Golden Seal --Leonurus Cardiaca, or Motherworth -Euonymus Atropurpureus, or Wa hoo--and the Lycopus, Virginicus, or Bugle-weed. The Leonurus is espec ially valuable in cases of delirium tre mlenS, and general disorder of the ner vous tystem.-(Sec Eclectic Dispenea. tory.) To the medical profession, and es pecially to medical friends of temp ner. ance, I would most urgently recoi mend the use of Quassia, in the treat ment of eases of intemperance, and an occasional trial of the tonics which I have recommended, or such others as they may find useful (Liriodendron, Iron, Inula, Chainomile, Columbo, Gentian, Orange Peel, etc.;) and as the establishment of the successful cure of intemperance, by measures so sure and safe, is a matter of such im. portance, I hope that no one wh has any success will keep it to'himself. I would, therefore, most earnestly re quest physicians who take hold of this matter to send me a report of the re suits of their trials, in order that a suf. ficient mass of information may be collected upon the subject to establish, beyond all doubt, the durability of in. teniperance, and not only enabl phy inA fi m~hao *hi din'der. but to arouse the attention of our National and State Temperance Societies, and enable them, by the distribution and application of a medical remedy, to arrest this terrible disorder. When I have witnessed the immense moral power exerted by an eloquent temper ance agent, in arousing the enthusiasm of the community, and procuring the adoption of the temperance pledge, how deeply have I regretted that he was not ablo, at the same time, to carry wi:h him an antidote to the drunkard's thirst-which would enab:e him to arrest the progress of the sot, and to relieve the intemperate from every difficulty in fulfilling the tem. perance pledge. To those who do not belong to the medical profession, I would recoin ,mend the use of the tincture or Quassia, in doses of a teaspoonful, of of the extract in doses of three grains, from two to five times a day, until the desired impression has been produced; and, for further information, would refer them to any intelligent physiciani, or to the United States )mspensatory; or if it be necessary to obtain a remedy completely prepared fior use, with the necessary directions, I would refer them to the Anti-Bao. chanalian remedy of Dr. Urban, of Louisville, which, I presume, will soon be for sale in the principal cities of the Union, if it is not at present. I p resume that the nostrumi of Dr. Urban contains but little of impor tance, except the Quassia. Trhough it is cont rary to thme fatshionable ethics of medicine to recommend any nostrum, even if its principal ingrediente are known, it would be altogether too punctilious to be influenced by such scruples, when the salvation of a single drunkard is concerned. . . The discovery ofa satisfacetory med ical remedy for the eradication of in temperanoe will rank in importance with the discovery of vaccination; and although there may be variousformu. uke adopted for this purpose, which imay be susceptible ot continual im. lproe mment, the principles which I have thus briefly laid dmown will be suffilcient to guide a philosophic physician to the discovery and use of the true rem edies. In my next, I shall present the moral cure and prophylaxis of imtemperance. Ill.--bonar. CURE OF INTEMPERANCE. Ilavinig showni in the last number that intemperanco, as a physical disorder, consists of a peculiar craving aippetite, conectedl with debility or depression, which may be removed by an efficient tonic regimen, let us now proceed to take a mnore comprehensive view of intemperance, as a disorder of the entire constitution of mau, involv. ing his moral nature, as well as his physical organism. Intemperance should be eradicated from. the mental as wvell as the physical constitution; and a perfe~ct cnre requires the use of 'moral as well as phvaical medicine.-. Let us, then,. analyse more thoroughly the nature of in tenperance. ., Why is it that men resort.to alcohol. ic drinks, or to coffee,. opiuiq,..and tobacco I Is it not for the exhilw.ation or elevation demanded? Simply .be. chuse it is not spontaneous-because the constitution of those individuals naturally sinks below the elevation which is necessary to happiness; and, to rouse the slugglish energy of their oppiessed functior.s, they resort to a transient physiological stimulation, which produces no permanently good effects, instead of resorting to the more natural and wiser processes, which would restore their debilitated facul. ties. The brain which is still dull fromt fatigue, from unintellectual habits, from sensual excesses, or from excess: ive manual labor, is but poorly quali. fied to contribute to the joy or plea-. ures of a social evening; and the deficiency which is felt is so promptly relieved by the exhilarating influence of strong coffee or tea that the tempta. tion to their use becomee irrosistible. The selfish cares of business, the anxities and irritations of life, the fatigue and depression cf labor, and the moroseness which settles upon us when, for days in smccesiun, we have searcely an, hour gf 4appy~eotions these, and similar influences combined, depress the moral nature to an extent which becomes gloomy, it not paintful. Agreeable anciety may not be within reach-books may possess but little interest to bhose who have not been familiar with their use-and there seems to be no refuge but in some narcotic stimulus, which may deaden the sensa of mental or physical pain, much in the way of refining. the coar and stimulate the torpid organs of the brain to vigorous action and joyous emotion. Coffee, perhaps, gives a partial relief, but it does not meet the demand. Wine and brandy'are then called in to rouse the.slugglish facul. ties, and restore the lost emotions of pleasure. But perhaps the voice of Preneae ihedr&famitoppa 8 ro~m the aut1iPA1Jatm , bosa .an ii safer substitute- is sought and found in tobacco; and the smoke of the cigar, or bhe pungent stimulus of the leaf, spreads an anodyne influence over mind and body, whilst it rouses blisLful and social feelings, and happily removes the depressing elfects of a long chain of vicLoU infl4ences. That tobacco, opium and wine have these delightful influences, in stimulating the intellect, rousing the affections and hopes, the genial impulses an. practi. cal energies, mutay not be known to those who are most zealously engaged in opposing their use-for upoir this subject an incorrect view of physiology has become widely prevalent.. .But, in truth, the real clarms of these articles cousi, in the fact that, for the. tiie ..being;. they rouse oulr ftultios to' a temnporary energy, and thus lift us up out of the purgatory of mental depression into which we necessarily sink when we violate the higher law% of our being. Hence, the demand for narcotic stimulus is always most prevalent among those who have departed most widely from the nobler attributes of humanity. Woman, in all the bloom and brilljanoe, of her beauty, with roses poi iur cheok and celestial softness In her eye, seeming in our presence as a ministering angel, presents the higheet type of Jovable haumanity; and in her constitution there is no demand for artificial stimulation. Rum and tobacco are horribly discor. dant with her delicate and refined organization--and the, incessant flow of her energy, Itope, love, and intuition, need no atificial impietus. But in piopoirtion as she degenerates from her beauty and loveliness-in propor tion as she becomes coarse, animaized, and vicious-in proportion as she sinks into that purgatoriai sphere of existence in which the brutal, criminal and unfortunate are formd--she losed her repugnance to alcohol, and clutches at whiskey and tobacco, to obtain, by their anodyne power, a fhint tempora ry conciousness of the bright hopes and lof1ly emotions which belonged to her earlier years of innocence and blIss. Her genial emotione are aroused not so much by their direct stimiulation as b~y benumi ng or piralyzinmg her pamnful sensibilities, and produc-ing al torpid tranquility of the lower atnimal facul ties. As with womnr, so with men and with nations. Men of a lofty intel. lectual and tioral nature--the high est type of masculine humanity, ar-e above the necessity for alcoholic stimulation, and recoil from every forma ot' intemperance ;or, if the indulge in spirituous drinks at all, are content with the milder beverages, and lighter wines. On the other hand, wherever we find course and brutal humanity, accustomed to quaareling, fighting, gauming, bloodmshed,. profainiity, and other formns of vie, we maiy be confident that a fierce appetite fiir alcoholic drinks. prya * df mothing will.preveit their u+-. but the impossibility ofrprocuring ther. Sav tge races are Invtriaby drukuards when thiey have free access to ardent ipirits ; and whiskey has done m11ore than the sword of the white man, in. Jepopulating our continent of its aboI rigntj. ..y herever, .w find a nation 1harpeteriZed by indifference to ardent. spirils,. we. may be surp, that they. ibound in the reflming and humanta rian sentiaimns. . Indeed.! .i ost per. qons can realize.these truths il lher selves, by a lit tle obsers ution. Wh rmur mioral and.intellec ugl bi:enitie.s are most clevated, or .when ptainsi!ir' the most, brilliant.. wnrks. of geaiiu 4. otat in enjoying the societ. of those whom we love best, we feel une , desire for ardent spirits. But whtn..dcpres~ed by a succession of difficuvlties, and maddened by wrongs :and.injuries, which energize every fierce angirniql. passion, we are enabled to enjoy the unadulteratpd brandy, ruin. or whiskey whidh in our better nirifii'ts. would be harsh and disgusting;. in short, Withtit dwelling farther on this prolific theite, which is t, yet half illustrated, it is obviOtns thit the cqnsumption of aletoholie drinks, and other narcotic stimuntis, is att instinctive effort.of ith - depreswvd aid degraded cotiPtit;uton, for ther:%iolent; resturation of its hligher Iowers; its energies. hopes, loves, intellect. uad moral sentiiment-anl elfor:.. producing a transient success but, a perminent, injury. If then, we woUld relieve inteiper. ance, we mu-it keep man fromn sinking into the purgatorial regions of lu'.ata dispair, where he is teminpt~ed to grasp. at these termporairy. art ificial mtitiga tions of his suf'erings. In other words, we must keep up the energy of the moral and intellectual nat-re of-iati, and give to his higher powers - that permanent and steady vigor, which' Will eep them sustained throug-i.life.. The tonic recomnended as the mngdioal remedy, will do a great .dealt e vent that. exhaustation and dejiessmn wJk.ben'unib the highe& e tho, bra j,-niland , v i fl iths U1 a fjrut6 the moral iai w61ivall lh physiciietitre of. intemperance. But our higher powers need something inure than a mere tonlic support. They 'iced to be strengthened by a systematic exertion and gratification A. considerable amount or this desirable gratification, is already ac. conplished by the processes ofeduca. tion ; dspecially, where that education is accoilnplished chiefly by oral instrue tion,. froti tne lips of'able and eloquent men. And,, it is well. known.. that intellectual education accomplisies scr appetites, and checking the ten dencies to vice. But edbeatimn will never perform! even . half its duty, in reformmng man tromn vice until it hius become not--, iveelv- finllectual, but emotional and industrial. The itifor. tunate scholari who has merely a dr) , lifeless, intellectual education is turned adrift upon the world, with a feebleness in his emotions, and Ann gour in all tha energies which go to make a man, with. but.litilp sell ens taining energy and..spontaneous hap. pimess,.and with no reruge fron1 the melaocholy which settles upon him, but in those pleasures which he has learned to derive froni literature,'and the activity of his own intellect. Onf the other hand, an education' tiihat embraces the industrial and emotion. ii elements of our nature, which Keepst the pupil under the incessant intfluene. of action, enterprize, social enjot) ment, eloquence, music, and con tagioaus enthusiasm,. sends himu fth fuelly equipped, with an energy oaf charactera and internal resources tier naupindss, which defy the depressincglindueiess, and~eqyp thle aid of stimnulants. But'ad it is not my purpose now, to'discuss the education of the voting, I would refer to the lamentable def~ct whaich our society exhibits in refe~rence to the mural imeans of couneraicting intemperance. As the world is now going on, atdd has taaeen goaing oan l'ua thau'ands uf years, adult meiin mut and 'will hhve stimnulant-. T'ho labaorinag miss oaf mankind are dtoomjed toa acteaoaaag of toil which withdraws thua viiknapwer from) the brain, to atcc~iuilate 'int tiht mnusclesq, thus det~erioating ie 'mal predominance to merei anuntia bl. A purely tanimnal exisateneo; deprived oaf emotioal ami int e'llec tal pleasurties, is barree aind dreiary, if not absilutedy mnote ny and etiery - is 'band it th family circle,-but. thte m~any unfava. rable circamancaies and ecre wha, beitong tto mt, reider at nut, am im perfect solacte, aund th.e , on-r-tu.1~a Iabgre.' baa lint the alltetinauv a. pioddmng on ihroutgli 'is liue of~ daera paower'S ot alcohol, wnticla lifia' up a l.lan brel'fi mtnientfs, . u asomenwlpa. himt ba$ck.to a still Mloomeiear'raa~tit