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I - VOL. 10. CAMDEN, SOUTH CAROLINA, JU^E 13, 1S49. . . . NUMBER 24 THE CAMDEN JOURNAL. I ITBLISIIED WEEKLY, BY T. W. PEG I KS. * ~ HIDE'THEM AWAY. BV ANN rACE. * Hide them, O hide them all away? iiis cap, his little frock, And take from out my aching sight ' Yon curling, golden lock; Ah, once il waived upon his brow! Ye torture mo anew,? Lea not no dear a token hero? i Ye know not what yc do! !Last night the moon cainc in my room, And on my bed did lie: fc c. I woke, and in the silver light 1 thought I beard him cry, I |r mod toward* the little crib. The cuit'i'.u dri w aside r Before, half sleeping, I bethought Me, that my boy had died! T-kc them away! I cannot look On aught that breathe* of him! Oh, take nwav the silver cup, tljis lips have touched its brim; Take tlio straw hat from off the wall, Tis wreathed with withered flowers The rustling leaves do whisper ine, Of all the loved lost hours. "lucrative, wuii us music onus? Oh! d<? not let them sound! The dimpled hand that grasped them once Is cold beneath the "round, The willow- wogon on the lawn Through a!! my tears I see, K>ll it away. Oh, gently roll, It is an agony! Ills shoes arc in the corner, nurse, His little feet no more w Will patter like the falling lain Fust up and down the floor. And turn that picture to the wall ? His lovi g. mournful eye Is piercing through my very heart, Agaiu I see him die! Oh. anguish! how he gazed on me When pan'cd out hi? breath! 1 never, never knew before llow terrible was death. My boy?my own?my only one ? Art thou lorevor gope? O God! help ine to hear the stroke Thai leaves me- all alone. 1 SPEECH OF LOT DOOM ITLE. ON* THE i HILL FOR THE PROTECTION OF HEN ROOSTS. Mi.slur Spanker?I've s<>l here in my scat and hecrodthe opponents of this groat nashniia! tnt asure expectorate agin it, til! I'm purty nigh j 1*?r *ted with indignant commotions of my inc. crated sensibilities. .Mr. Speaker are it possi W^thnt ncn can be so infatuated as to vole | agin this iiili? Mister Speaker, allow me to picture to yonr excited and denuded imagination mure of tin! heart rending evils which arise from tho want of purtertion to lien roosts, in mv vicinity, among my constituents. .Mis lur Speaker, we will suppose it to lie the < awful and melancholy hour of midnight?all , Inter Is hashed in soft repose?the solemn wind softly moans through the trees, and nought is ( heard to break the solemncholy stillness, save an occasional grunt from the hog pen! I will now carry you in iimnagination to that devoted f hen house. Heboid its peaceful and happy in- . mates gently declining in balmy slumbers on , their elevated and majestic roo?ts! Look at thsaged and venerable and highly respectable rooster, as he keeps his silent vigils with pa tience and unmitigated watchfulness over those innocent, helpless and virtuous hens and pel Irts! Just let your eyes gmiur ?; > mu ??u i behold that dignified and matronal lien, \vh ? I ( watches with tender solicitude and paternal ( congnulalion nf those little juvenile chickens, who crowd around their respectful projenitor. , and nestle under her circumambient wings. Now I n*k, Mister Speaker, -on there to b" found a wretch so lost and abandoned as will enter that peaceful abode ami tear those intereating little biddies from their agonized and heart-broken parents? MMtir Speaker I an R\ver in thunder tones there am! Are there anything so mean and sneaking us such u rob beryl No, there are not! You may search the wide universe, from the natives who repose in solitary grandeur mid superlative majesty tinder the shade of the tall ceders that grow upon the tops of the flirnmaleli mountains in the valley of Josoj.liat down to the degraded and barbarous savages who repose in obscurity irt their miserable wigwams on the rock of Gibraltcr in the Gulf of Mexico, and then you wiil be to puzzled to find anything so mean, as you would to see the arth revolve around the tun once in twenty four hours without the aid of a telescope. Mistur Speaker, I feel that I have said enough on this subject to convince the most obstinate member of the unapproachable necessity of a law which shall forever and everlastingly put a stop to these fowl proceedings, and 1 propose that every convicted offender thall suff-r the penalty of the law as follows: For the fiist offence he shall be obliged to fcii'dc twelve rotten eggs with no salt on 'em. ' |?\ r the second offence, he shall he obliged to set on twenty rotten eggs until he hatches 'em. Mbtur Speaker, all I want is for every member to act on this subject according to his con scieutiousness. Let him do this, and he will be remembered by a grateful posterity. Mistur Speaker, I've done. Where's my hat? .'{"he eloquent gentleman, according to the {fusion Post's report, here donned his seal-cap, and sat down apparently much exhausted. ? * kit r-nr i prvr UUl)l>l.\U A Alllil 1IA ri.sri. BY TUB YOU.NR V\. In day* pone by, when the objectionable militia laws were in force in old Massachusetts the customary draft was made in the county town a few miles from Boston and a notice to 'appear, armrd and equipped, according to law,' was left at the boarding-house of a wag who possessed very little martial "music," in his soul. Determined tbat he would neither 'train' por pay a fin?, and entertaining, witb&l, a very indifferent opinion of the utility of tho system, ho took no notion of the summons. Having lieon duly "warned," however, as ho anticipated, at tho expiration of a few weeks the sergeant waited upon him with a hill of nine shillings for non.attendance at tho muster. "You're fined, sir?nine shillings?non-ap. pearanco." "What is it?" nskeJ the wag, protending to misunderstand the collector. "Fine for not training!" hawlcd tho other. "Shan't pay it, fellow!" ?lf is* 111 Iia I li en n /lullnre nntf tiinn T r?n11 Hut llie wag couldn't hear a word he said, and in the course of another mouth lie received a peremptory summons to appear forthwith at a court martial in the district instituted for the purpose of trying delinquents and getting sueh fines as could he scared out of the non-pci formers of duly. Having fixed upon a final plan to dodge the issue, he waited upon the court to *how cause, if any lie had why he shouldn't willingly have toted a musket and knapsack ahou! lite town for twelve mortal hours ami oiheiwisp perform the legal duties of a live 'patiiot." He was mherod into the court room immediately?which was held in an old country house?where he discovered some three or four persons seated, attired in flashy regimentals and whose awful 'yaller epolells.' alone were sufficient to enrnniand the attention and roctitifl of Im-nfiitiiidf1 st lieholdpr. 'i'liolieh ."I ' " I somewhat r.iscnncertrd at tliis rather unexpect"(1 t*\lii 1>itI< r?;>f spurs and buttons, he put a hold face on tl.?? (natter and responding to the ditec lions of the junior member of the august court, be advanced to the table and the chief fcnctiona. y commenced the examination. ' Your name, sir?" The offender placed his hand quickly to the side of his head without uttering a word or moving a muscle in his face. ' What is your name," repeated the que tinner, in a loud tone. "A little louder," said the wag without repit in;!. "Nam? ?" shouted the Judge. Taunton, llri-tu! county." ' What business do \<>ti fidloa.?" ".Main street," said the delinquent. "Your business?" yelled the officer. ' liiglit hand side a* you go up." "How Ion" have you been there?" "AIn til two miles and a half." "Mow rdd are you, fellow?" continued the Judge nervously. "!>.?ss carpenter." What the devil's the matter with vour ears?" "Dr. Searpie'soi! sometimes." ' Sometimes Cu-e'eni's ointment." "Why don't you answer trie?" "Nearly five years." "lie's deaf as an adler," retnatked the Judge, tinning round to his subordinate ear ii'i-l'v. * lln" lubber < till I ' * \ i??i are lint liable b> perform military duly the secretary with his in >ulh close In tin* .vng'; r ?r. , ' i know tii it!" Slid t!i.? fellow coolly. "iiis hearing iuipioves," ventured the sor *eant." "U hat <l.i you suppose wo set hero for?" ish.'d tin' Jo Ige in a Ion.] voice, at least. "A do!'ar and a half a day," said the p:itoner* lie may go, Mr. Sergean'." ' You can g i," said the under ofii :or point tie to the door. ' You tiny go!" yelled tl:e Judge. ' Good God! is it possible a man can he so deaf as ail ! hat?" "I can't say cnntinund tlie drlinqnont pre j feuding not to unlersland yet "but I should < hi:.!;."? "Go?t:o!" screamed the Judge: "there's j nothing to pay. The l.ord pity the genera! vho ha-l a regiment like you to command! S!t nv iii.ii the door tnajoi!"' and our hero (bund himself at liberty. Ho was never again summoned to train durng his residence in Taunton!?[Flag of our Union. Profits of a Good Cow.?The Summert t (\*. J ) Mesvonger contains a mnrnuniea ioif. om.l. W. Van Ars !a!e, stating the profits o' a ! a f hWle.l Durham cow owned liy him for 10 months from the first of \;>rii to the first f February last. He sold in that time to the retailer 3,'122 quarts at 2 and 2 1-2 cents a quart, aim.anting to ?70,31, besides reserving t su.Tici Tit quantity f.rtiic use of bis fi i?i!y of 11 pi r-ons, and about two messes of mil; twice \ week for baking purposes.?The 3,022 quarts wore s..!.l by the retailor at doable tlie |iiice ho \*t* for it, t!;:it is $ 112,02 He calculates i!:at (his amount of milk would have made (502 pounds of butter, which at 2') cents n pound, amount t<? $00.-11). The cow has not had extraordiuarv rare, having had 2 quarts of oat and corn in-'nl per ?l:ivt'tnin<; the drought |a>t sum. mor, an I 2 quarts last spring before gra^s and this winter. The produce of cows may be very materially increased by good treatment?it is <afe to say doubled, at least in most cases, by better attention to their food, wants and condition. A farmer in litis comity has realized dining the past 12 months a nell profit oI SlfifJ,. 09 froti tinea ordinary cmvs?animals of the common breed of the country?that in most other hands, would not probably much more than have paid for th-ir keeping. As it is, they have supplied the fitnily with all their milk and cream, paid for their keeping in full, as appears from a minute daily account, and yielded the above r.a.ned profit o! -SluG, 09. Let who will do better.?JNViracA A ir. The question of admitting negro congregations into fellowship with wh'to congregations in the Conventions of the Kpiscnpal Church, have been raised again in the Convention for the Diocese of Pennsylvania, w hich is now in session at Philadelphia. The petition ol certain gentlemen, elected as lay delegates hy the corporaiion of the Ch irch of the Crucifixion, (the congregation of which i? composed of colored persons.) has been presented and referred to a committee. The members are divided in opinion, and have presented a majority ri port recom mending that they he admitted, wh'Iu the minority say that the firmer action of the Convention admitting this Church in connection was illegal, and should he declared null and void.? The matter is little complicated, because the delegates are white persons, as well ns minister and wardens; hut a great portion of the Convention express the fear that their admission will cause the colored churches to press the admission of their clerical and lay delegates. The question will probably cause a warm debate. g?gf vag -j=r.~r:x.=-i=^. v . -?_ jjpMir&tliL ,1 LECTURE ON [J! T33 WORTH AND THE SOUTH, a? Delivered before the Young Men's Met can- 11 t.lc Library Association, of Cincinnati, 0: ; Ohio, by Elwood Fisr.'Eft, Jan. 10, 181'J. I The progress and prospects of ilie North- w ern and Southern sections of this Union in- m volvcs some ofilic greatest and grmcsi qu?s- I a. I,A,U' fit** 'WTA lirji? > (ni'lll ?f Olt'lll. I ^ ' | IM III? IM ll?U U^V, UUl.ll IIU.1 (ft IVI mi wi vm m. zation peculiar to itself, and to modern times. The confederacy which has been finned hy their Union has astonished the world hy its s' success: hi:t the world, as well as the two a' sections themselves, diil'cr very widely as to ;!ie causes of this success, and the agency of m the two respective systems of society in pro- ',r during it. Tliis controversy has long hecn advancing l!' . * . th on the e?? ;ntrv, and in w, nt coi:sc(jmc.i:co '\ , t r r recent cvenls it has Itcwnnc general. in i J tins part of the comstry, however, we have | .' ha I tail one side; and as the subject is ore : of the first magnitude, I have thought it high- j ^ ly important that it should he well examined.. in a Commercial institution like this, it is pr- | jj' cuharly proper that the causes of the wealth < ] 1 and the sources of the commerce of lite coiiii- j try should he well understood. I When the Constitution <>f the U. Stales j was adopted, the nomilalion of the two sec-! '' ' ii-tii< :>f the United Slates wns nearly equal; *s" cicli lieinj: nut quite twn millions of iithubi- u I ant?, the youth iiirliifliuix more than half a , ( m I.ion of slaves. The l< rritory then orcu- j " pied l>y the two was, perhaps, also nearly c- | qua! in extent ami fertility. Thdr rouimeict was also about t!:?: same; the N nth export- ; iiiij about .SO.fSOO.fj-lt) in 1700, and the South Si),201)0.501).* Even the properly held !>y 1 *,1 the two sections was almost exactly the ; ^ same In amount, beini; about 400.000 mil- ^ lions iu value each, according to an assess-1 . ment for direct taxes in 1700.'" For the [ first quarter of a century of the present (?'ov- j >',1 eminent, up liSlO, the South look the had : f'" of the North in commerce; as at tin; end of j that period the exports of the Southern ! 1' States amounted to ahowt iliirty millions of | dollars, which was five millions more than;;' lite Northern. At this time, in 131(5, South) 1,1 Carolina ami .New York were tin* t\v?? *r;c-.:I- ! n r C \ ' est exposing States in the Union. .S'.iufu ^ i r* I nit Carolina exporting timrc th.an 810,000,050, I ami New York over 81-1,000.000.* ! According to the assessments made by I authority of the I'ederal Government in ; 1815 I"!- d ret t taxes, the value t?f prnpert\ ( in the Southern States bad risen t?? SSn').- I ~ 57-1.007, the white ji??| ukiton being then according In an aveiago ?d tlie census of i 1810 and that of 1S.0, "about 2,719,795, or aV i!i' >::t* .'] 12 | r lea!, whilst the property <>: . , th" North r:i States nmoumcd to 81.0*2. ; j 782.2(51,* for 4,32(5,550 population, or otilv i 8210 per bond. I jj'j liven tn .Manufactures t c South, at tbis . peri'id, excelled the the North, in proporli ?n . ' ! ? tlin number of their population In. IS 10, according to lit.; returns of the Mar dials of the United Slates, the fabneks of | "" wool, cotton, and linen, manut.ictured hi the : . .\ rllicrn Slates, noiounted to 49.311.274 1,1 yards, at 821.0(51,525, whilst the S->:itii lali-1 y' rieateil .'J 1.7 (5,407 yards, estimated at SKI.- , ' 771.721. Tims alter tin; lapse <*f I lie first .. , <Tri quarter of a century, under our present ( . ^ form of G n eminent, the South bad surpass- 1 r ? I |'p ? (I tiic; N Mill in Commerce, in Manufactures j and in the accumulation of wealth, in proportion j.) the number of est'/. us of the re- '* I ni; s;-e."ii\e STiMiifi. I ' .. . . . , , in onio: that period :i threat cnanip: lias ???:-! >( curred. The harbors of Norfolk, of Richmond, of Charleston, and Savannah, have been deserted fur those ol Ficladel, li a. :\v York, and \) cstou; an I New Orleans is th | ^ on'y Southern city that pretends to rival its i ' N>i t hern competitors. * The trrass is grow- ' ** ?|d) inn ill tllC streets of ill ?se cities of the Soiilfi,' which originally monopolized our colon a! j oinneree, arid tnaint.inic I t!i -ir a seen Ian- I . w cy in the early years of the Union. Mannfaeturcs and the arts have als ? g >ne to take j . up their a!)ode in the N nth. Cities have i "*1 been expanded and rnu'bplied in the same j favored region. Railroads and canals have j been const: neteil, an i ednealion lias delight- j ^ ed there to build her colleges and scinina ; " Wi r,cf; ( I ;\j Those phi noinena Invc made a profound I ^ impression on ivlleelinn minds throughout ^ l!ie Union, and particularly in toe South.? ! jj > J'y her leading statesmen, these results have j been a scribed to tin: policy pnrstral by tli j t> Federal ( 'ovcrnm-Mit siuee lSlfi. It wo<; at this period that the system ol direct tax t-j j lion was finally abandoned, and tho whole ' interest of tin: public debt, then m> mac!) augill n i i 1 bii iii.Mitiwi ne tin. w-ir a< well as tin: mcivaseu expend.lures of i!?? (J ivernuvnt. were mad ' j j' chargeable on ilic foreijri cu utneree ol th? . O t J J] country, except the slight income from I lie public lands. Ami as at the close of the j-' war,tliss |>i'iiici|iai articles ofoxpoit, ui ex- j change fir which, \\e obtained our foreign ^ooils. c.ous stud of coil iii, tobacco, and rice, ,J it was lie!:I that the new policy was a pecu- j liar burden on the Slates that, pr idueed ! , those staples. In ail ft ion to this, the es- j tablishnient of a l>-iuk of the United States located at the North with laim: deposilics of. Government money, and enabled by tlie run-; ~ lidenee ol the Government In maintain a j largo circulation, which would naturally j#j be devoted to the promotion of Northern commerce, it was Ibought was also adverse " to Southern commercial Jrivalv. These two measures were the work ol a Itepubli- j ' can Administration of the Government, but j they were strenuously opposed liv the Slate.-.' ^ K'?!it parly. On their passage mi 0?uii?r?;s<t c. it was declared l?v John Randolph, one ol ^ ilie most profound ami sagacious statesmen Virginia, or any ntlier country ever producuil, tliat a revolution in our CJovcrninenl r< had occurred, whose consequences no man could calculate. The result verified this prediction. Our population is now twenty _____ ? I p 1 Pitkin. I s! lillions, and vcl is thought bv all parties I iat twenty-five millions of dollars per an- : urn is enough for the support of Govern- . rent in time of peace. Vet sixteen years "i when our population was hut little more inn half of what is now, this Government snetcd 932.000,000 as duties on our f ireign ripnrts, and that ton, when,in consequence "this heavy burden on our foreign trade, e onlv imported G 1,000,000. The Governent took Imlf the value of the imports, as tax on foreign trade. This mil rage was c cause nf South Carolina nullifieation. Now the power of the Federal Govern orit over foreign commerce, is by llic Con itution precisely the same as over that nong thehStales. It is a power to regulate ?lv. And the South contended thai in as null as the imports 'rom abroad were the ooecds chief] v of her staple exports, and ere therefore, to all intents and purposes, e product of her industry and capital, that ere was no more envs! tin tinned i iglit to tax j e:n 'm rsnvi"; in our wits, t'inri to tux j e products of the r-.'/it[i, when slipped to J n iS.?iit!i. When, therefore, the statesmen of the int'i reflect on the great eorinuereinl and anufaeturiuff prosperity of their country in c days of direct taxation, and behold now r dilapidated eities and deserted haibors idei the change of system, is it wonderful at they have made the halls of Congress iiquent with ruin and wrong thev have flered? Or it is wonderful that the North, hilsl it cannot believe tiiat what has been - !-- ... !,! ,.eunivlv clinilld I c'UMiurivu i'? us i detr.mcntal In others, should yet lake c Smith at its {void as to its decline, and I; (iir other causes of such a result. 'I his is been done, and negro slavery has with traordinnrv unanimity been fixed upon as c irroat and su.Tieient cause of Southern clmc. And it is now assumed that the nth, patlicularlv-lhe older Slates, is tin ii:?r the process of impoverishment, population, and decay. At the North I a is C 'titiiiually sp k?Ui of by almost all I isses, i.u terms of mingled emideMinainin i ! flit v. She is accused of idleness, igno- J nee, cruelly, and pride. Site is advised j cmaneiral her slaves, and emulate the ! >rth in cuteiprise, industry, and civi'izahi. '1 lie first ol.jcct of civilizmi life is to aemu'ate wealth, as on that depends improverot in science and the arts, and the supply j .....N I * in ti:at ! ItiKi likjm > i u?iiw ?/ 4 u t Am:! hence it is thai tho South is declared j he laliina behind the civilization of the e. an.'l is advised to abandon her peculiar i caution in ord-r to avoid the disastrous i n l tioij of ignorance ami barbarism that raits her. Now in an r.L'o like this, of pre-eminent ' _*\vi:! 1 the schoolmasters a!! ae.d?with the liiiiv; r.-a! delusion ol tin: ;ss, a.i;l the post, and on a question like j, of the hist niautjitiidc, and the least 1.1! complexity, .and whilst the people of o sections are c miiiinaliy travelling lonjjst c-tc'i oilier, and engaged in discusns with one another in stages ami steam ais, in ears, in h >lcls, 0:1 the stump, and Congress?it is scarcely credible tiiat a ivcrs.d mistake prevails ns to the facts, jl in opposition to the existing opinion on -! subject, 1 maintain that tho South is J , , ai!y the superior of the North in wealth, proportion to the mi diemf tlfir ci/iuns ![>ect;velv; and t!i? will appear hy a comrisoii an ! progress of the wiiite people ol j lesnoeiive see.tive. 'l he North and even my in l!ie S >u:h have assumed a decline ; manufactures am! commerce, to lie ado* | ;ie of eeiiera! prosperity, Tins is an crr. T.ie policy of t!ie Federal Govern | lit, and the d enest'a: iiistilution of the j iiithern S'eies, h ive ind ie 1 b -on unfavor- j le to ilie latter in tl> ?se pursuits, but the : neu'itire of the South has maintained j d a tva.oeed in prosperity beyond that of j y oilier people. h i us first examine tho condition of the ; i to people ol the two sections. The Slate of .Massachusetts, for instance, U *!i rally regarded asone of the most see- ! <-fn and ll of tin N irth: a:i I is j ii.nI.im'v r. ferret 1 ( > !>v t!:t? n??ws|?:ij??ts as ' aM.i :! | ?r a'l the olheis, aail wit frequents : as a tauui l ? ihc ?S' tnheni. Ii", Ihiv.vvit, ; eo nip.ire Mi s favorite <if I lit: North, with .irylau !, a Southern Slain ??!" -miliar t< rriial extent, ;>11< 1 one ?>l Mi.- least <>1 the iiMmrn Slates, we >!ta!I li.ni the latter I" M' im!-?d:v superior it wealth in [>r??p??ixi??n j the inimher of her eil!/. mis Aeeordino to j a reams uf IS Id, M trvlai <i has a tree i of :js ate I in IS 18 her pro- I rtv was assr-s.-il at )*J, 'JTtJ.tiaO.* Mas i-ii:is.-t;s ia Hit) !i i i a population <?l I'M.' | l?), aii'I h r pr >periy tow is only >??);)(),-I a.'ia 'J'.akaij these two assessments as I e In>is of com ans >n, ami it appears tiial i avt'i'i^'i' pr??p ity ol a lure person in .Ma- ! laiifl wa. *031, wliilst in Mas aeieiseits it ! II ?\v, i:i itic palmiest days slie has ever ' en, onlv $ I'lfi per head?the freeman o| j - *... :..i. i :irvl;?ii ' belli'' lb till per cent. mi; IK iiZf I Tin; Slates ef Now York an I Virginia an; ill of ureal territorial e\lent, ami not marin'Iv tiii?'(|!i:iS in liiui respect. New \ oik also regarded liahituallv. as oik; of !in; -antics! pr< xlnots eil Ireo msl ii in ions?ami if present condition of \ iriiinia is eonlina 11 v rd'errcd In. as a sinking ami ntelani<?!|y result of slavery. Ilrr f??verly. In*r :m?ranci.\ her idleness, lier decay, ami li? r lisi-ry an; tin; threadbare topics ??l modern : ditic.il pluiosopliv here ami abroad. I/a ! i now consider I lie* lads. Mm; free pop- j lalion in la 10, amonlinj to die census, was ; DO,-10, and her property is now nlioiil 000.000,000. f The population ol New * American Aiinanar. f l'lin p'ipiilation ol Massachusetts is slated, ac iriliiiff to recent estimates in her papers. That Virjjiaia was computed at the amount now aslined m 1SI51 by I'ro!. Dew. I have seen no ollial statement. Hul il' she taxes other property Ii:_j!i .is negroes, tlm total must now fir exceed tat estimate, as in 1817 she taxed tifi'J.Ml? adult i.-nf C;*s!? ~ 11 ? ho arp worth about ?5100,(H't',* York iii 1810, was 2,133.92!, and in 1817 !icr property is assessed at 5032,009.093.? '{lie average property of a free while per. son in Virginia is 8750 ; in New York it is onlv 8260, or a little more than one-third. Virginia, instead of being poor and in need of the pilv of the much poorer population of the North, is pei haps the richest community in the world. The average wealth of the people of Great Britain may be about the same, but it is not near so productive, and I think it demonstrable that no people on earth live 111 n condition of greater comfort and enjoyment than those of Virginia. N<?r is there any reason to fear a decline in her wealth. According to she census returns of 1840, Virginia, with a free population of less than one-third o that of New York, and a capital something less, produced from the various blanches of her industry, ncm than hall the product of New York : and as the total population of Virginia, slave and free, is only about half that of New York, it is clear that, alter deducting She annual eon sumption of both, Virginia will have a large proportional surplus remaining to augment , the stock of her permanent property. It now we examine the relative eon htiori of the new Slat, s the same results are appa- j rent. The States of Kentucky and Ohio lie side liv side, and arc of similar climate. Icr. i tilitv at d cxlcni?llio proportion of rich I ind being however, less in A'ciitucky Their r.iri; is also near'y the same, Kentucky li:ivm<r been admitted as a Stale about eleven years before Ohio. Ohio is considered the most prosperous State i:i the West, and is continually contrasted with Kentucky for the pur- ; pose ofillustraling the blighting effects of,1 slavery on lite latter, Let us see with what reason. In 1840, Kentucky had a free population of O97.570, and her property amounts, according to her lax assessment of 1843, to : about 272,847,(597.* Ohio, in 1810, had a population of 1.619,15^. and her assessment i last year was -121,067.931.f The average value of property belonging to each free per- j s hi i:i Kentucky is $156?in Oiiio it is only i $27(5. or more than one-third less;and as i tin: population of Ohio is still greater in pto : portion to that of Kentucky than it; 18-10, ' the difference in favor of the latter is still j in no. T\ ?lhi:iir is more common than the opinion hat tiie price of land in Kentucky is, in con sequence of slavery, much lower than in Ohio. I have examine/1 the Auditor's reports of h'.tli States, which | resent in detail the valuation of ai! (heir lands. In Kentucky the average value is about seven dollars per acre, in, Ohio it is about eleven, and I am very confident that the quality of Ohio land , tst that extent superior?as in Kentucky there is a large mountain region for which Ohio has nothing equivalent. Tlius, then, it is manifested that the free people of the s!avi'i?oi/Ii:ir?. .States-."-.4" these .States which are uniform.ly regarded as the victims of poverty and ruin ?are all richer, much richer than those of the noii-slavel?/i!<liug States , which have been usually considered as tlie mos11| itirisiiitig members of ihisconfederacy and the most piosperous connnu. ity the world ever saw. Such at least is the testimony of official documents on the subjection highest authority that exists. For I j have taken nearly ail these statemen's of lite property of the Several States a luded to, iVuni tlte assessments made by public officers, for the collection ol taxes. O! the ; accuracy of the valuations, it is of course no. nss.loe to s;?ca; from personal know! edge; liul those of Ohio and Kentucky are, ace >rJing to my oportuuities of observation, as nearly correct as need be des red. And as t the other Sia:cs the chance of error are perhaps ;:s great on one side as the other. In the slaveholder Stales, skives are of course included in the property. This question i wiiir.ii is the most profitable investment oi capita1?in land and slaves?as is j nsua' in the slaveliolding .Slates; or in land ! alone, or commerce and manu'ae.tures, as in i the Northern States? And this question is almost universally decided in favor />f the latter. In the .eolith, accord.ng to its laws, the slave is as available to his owiicr for the j purposes of property, as anv other property. The North lias held, however, that this peculiar species of property, instead of being profitable to ihe own r, has been impoverish- j mo and mason*. And in contiadiction to ( tins 1 have sliown that m every community where it exists there wealth abounds to a far greater extent than in 'lie Stales jrom which i. is excluded, whatever may be their eluin.te, s >;l, or territorv. But even if the assessed value of all the slaves in Kentu-ky. \ irgu.ia, and Man land, were leit out ofihe schedule of their propeity. the v.hite people ol those States would remain wealthier, on an average, than tiiose of Ohio, New York, ami .Massachusetts. By others again it is contended, that in estimating the average wealth of md.vidn i's in a community, the slaves might to he mchided as persons, and left out as properly. Tins, i think, i< also an error, f<r the reas ?u heloi'o .stated. Where it is c ?11J? 11! d that Ii 10 white man ou^hl to abandon slave pr? pertv liceati.se it makes him poor, or prevents ium Irom gcltim; rich, a is nhsnrd to assert that he not o.,lv has no property in his slave, hut that other pro;n rtv belongs equally to him. But, if |'ir any other purpose or view o| political eeonomy, the slave he included with the Ireeman in nveraum^ the pr??;.ei ty o( a State, it will even 1 In n appear that t.o the Mates 1 have considered the Son.Iiern are still wealthier than the Xoithern, counting the slaves persons a;::! il.aliictin-i lliem Irom the property. Solicit in no aspect < I the question whatever, is there any Inundation in fact lor the popular delusion, that the Southern states, or any of them, arc et(h)0, ami I tews Iier other properly, roil and por.-Mii.'*>.'#51,ItiI. exclusive n|? Merchants'stork, ami the Governor's message states tlvrc his lieeii an increase ut 3 per cent, in every item of taxation I.is! ve ir. ? J *Kv. Auditor's Report I- K ' iufno Auditor's liop'-rt. tl.er now or heretofore, or likely to be tore* after, inferior to their Northern neighbors in wealth, hut the reverse. The triumph of Southern enterprise and capital in the accumulation of wealth being established as a fact, demands of us an investigation of its causes?and this, I think, will materially elucidate the character of modern civilization, and particularly thai which has been developed in the United States. The original methods of acquiring wealth, adopted by men on their organization into communities, was by conquest or commerce. Hence the the almost exclusive military fSnr icir r of one preat class of the ancienl States, whirl) resulted in the universal empire successively of the Assy ran, Persian, Creek, and Roman governments; and hence the rise of Tyre and Carthage. Jlence, also i:i the middle ages, the empire of Charlemagne, and the long protracted efforts of Fiance to conquer England, and England to conqu *r France?and the wealth ofVe- ? nice, Conoa, and Holland. At later periods when the arts had made more progress, manufactures were included in the means of creating wealth. The policy of England . lias combined the three?conquest, commerce, and manu actures-and by these she has succeeded in the construction of an em. pire which, for extent ot territory and wealth, has never had a parallel. The policy of England has been dictated by her insular position. This rendered it necessary for her to acquire the empire of the set to be secure from invasion by great continental powers ; and with the dominion of the sea, it was easy to establish a great continental em. pire. The growth of such a great power m commerce, was the strongest possible oimuhn to nroorrcss in the arts and manu faetures; hence her success in them. But an extraordinary development of commerce and manufactures has always resulted in . the concent rat ion <?f large masses of people in cities, which causes inequality of condition r great depravity of morals, great increase of want, and of crime ; consequences that are fat.*f in the first place to liberty and govcrnmeins, and finally to independence in nations-. This tendency has been so obvious and universal among the great States of all ag<\i, as to have caused the belief that conjr munilics, like individuals, contain within themselves the seeds of dissolution which must ultimatelv* bring them to the dust. But whether we considei a State as a. moral being, wiiose essence consists hi the principles on which it is constructed, and therefore not necessarily mortal, or vv'heffler" we regard it as a mere creature ot tne race or persons that founded or inhabit it, and therefore transient, there can be no doubt that its prosperity is seriously impaired by V t!io cviis referred to, that generillv attend the progress of civilization. Rural life has always been celebrated by ii?o poets for its innocence. * "G >rl made (he country and man made lite town," hut it is a kind of life that has seldom been thought favorable to lite accumulation i>f wealth?the first want of civilization. h is also usually associated with rudeness < f manners. Hence the votaries of fortu: i ami society have preferred the city, ae ! i,'to these we add the vast multitude \vh ? seek ihe iminediate^gratifioation of their' appetites ati.l passions, which cities afford, at the hazard of f>rtunc and want, we have a clear solution of the undue tendency to city at i lie expense of country life. This great evil sufficient of itself to cast a singula on civilization and even ultimately to destroy it, was for ihe first lime su cess fully encountered and conquered by the institution of the* Soiilh; and in the great achievement. Vir-1. ginia led the wav. Amongst the early-^ ?f #1,0. . white settlers ot Virginia were many u? ma Cavaliers who had been driven into exile4>jr the triumph of the roundheads and of Cromwell. The Cavaliers were of the country , in Eng'aud. the cities and towns were more generally devoted to the Roundheads.* TheC'ava'icrs of Virginia seem to have brohght over with them fiom England a hostility even to the modes of the enemies they left behind them, as (ho settlors o! New England,, on lite tnlier hand, from the Roundheads, became highly commercial. These pecu-I unties were exhibited in a striking manner in the progress of the two colonics. Bancrolt tells u?c " But the greatest safeguard of liberty in \ irgiitia was ttie individual freedom of mind < whi'h firmed the necessity, the character of independent land holders living apart on their plantations. In the age of commercial monojily, Virginia had not one market town not one place of trade. As to all outward appearance it looked all like a wild desert, am! the mercantile world, founding its judgment on the absence of cities, regarded it as "tie of the poorest, miscrablest, and worst countries in America' It did not seek to share activity in the profits of commerce ; it had htilc of the precious metals, and still l?'<-: oj credit?it was satisfied with agriculo?r.. i':ix(>s were oaid in tobacco, remit tanct's to Europe were made in tobacco; the revenue of the clergy, and the magistrates ; id the colony, was collected in the same curremtv; the colonial tradesman received his pay in straggling parcels of it; and slops from abroad were obliged to tie whole months in the rivers, before hosts visiting tiie sevt r il plantations on their hanks could pick up n cargo. In the season of a com; mercial i'e\onli<?n. the commercial element d.d not enter into the character of the Cohmv. Its iuliahiiants daily grew more and more averse to cohabitation.' | tMjrli was the character of Virginia in 1700 ninety two years after the colony was founded, a;. I so unity six before her independence? such she lias remained. 1 have seen a law passed by her Legi-laturc during the revolutionary war, prohibiting merchants from serving r .is llf|iiesontativos in tne luiiuuviki.i g'C 8. I l!uf this primitive character of Virginia could not have been preserved to the extent we now j behold, hut lor peculiar circumstance*. The ; <oil of Virginia was found tola; adapted to tlio ' cultivation of tobacco, and African sW.o LVn