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11 .>o.vn ; anil i ' t expensive rnannre, loo i.r.t-.::; eltomion cannot he given itApplying time to green crops is attendrd with more difficulty. From observa- , lion and practice, Mr. Ronnie rceom-1 mends that, for a crop of turnips, liinc s.iould be laid on so early in the spring us in admit of two, if not three ploughing, ami as many harrowings, after it is laid on, so as both to mix it properly with the soil, and also to let it have time to cool in flic land, otherwise it will be very apt to 1 cause the loss of the turnip crop. Mr. Park of Windy.Mains is accustomed to lay lime on the land intended for turnips, immediately after harvest,: when the land has got the first furrow. He first makes a pair of harrows go backward and forward on each ridge to smooth - - ? --- -I _ -i-_.il- 1 it, men lays uuwu me sneus m uui??*uuui 60 or 80 bolls per acre Scotch ; as soon as it is powdered, bespreads the hots, and harrows the field, and lets it remain till May, when it may be prepared for rcceiv. ing the dung. Mr. Brodie of Gurvald, who has long paid peculiar and successful atten'.ion to j the management of lime, adopts the following plan in applying lime to his turnip land. After the ground intended for turnips has got a winter and spring furrow, the lime is laid on, and well harrowed in : it then gets another furrow before making up the drills, and is again well harrowed, for the double purpose of getting the l:mc intimately mixed with the soil, and taking out any quickens, or other weeds, by which the field is infested.? The turnips are sown in drills, both as ; being better tor the turnip crop than when sown broadcast, and the lands are got better cleaned, either from annual or perennial weeds. It is reckoned an advantage, to have the lime got forward during : tiie summer, previous to its being laid on j for turnips ; for on a turnip farm, there is i so much spring labor, that it is hardly pos- I sihle to drive any considerable quantity ! of lime, from any distance, at that season of the year. When it is new from the. ! kiln, it is so hot that it is apt to dry up the moisture necessary for bringing the turnips into leaf; in this case, the lime ought to be laid on a piece of very dry ground, in largo heaps, and thown up to a considerable thickness, which will moke it in a fine state for laying on in the spring, that is, neither in a wet, or in a very hot state. In regard to green crop*?, Mr. Patersoi. of (.'astlc-Huntly thinks it better to lav i on the lime after the green crop, rather than before it, so as it may be well mixed with the soil, before it comes in contact ; with potatoes or other roots, it being apt j to burn and blister their skins, and to ' i spoil their appearance, if it does no more j mischief. Some farmers, however have ! put lime upon the ground after it is plant- i ?d with potatoes, and harrowed it in. But ' (his practice Cannot be recommended. The application of lime to grass, particular}j? on light dry soils, and where the i: has been long pastured, is a most j advantageous system, if it is soon after to ? I bo brought into culture ; otherwise, being ;1 exposed to the atmosphere, with but little i< admixture v. iilt the sob, it cakes and bar- 11 dons, anil in some measure ro assumes 11 that unproductive quality, which it ;>os. | Kcsseil, previously to its being reduced to J a caustic state. It maybe applied after < ihe land has been a summer in pasture, j I or cut for bay ; but the ground should be ' I made as bare as possible, otherwise it will < he difficult to spread it equally over the ' sward or surface. The lime should he I laid on in autumn, and the land should ( remain in grass for another season, till it j' is absorbed. If intended to be applied to ' I old ley, either lay the lime on one year before cropping, letting it lie upon the I surface, or lay it on about Martinmas, and iet it lie on the surface till February, then ! < if rtnwn nnd sow the around when I"uu6" " - -- - ?- n the weather is suitable. Suffering the I # D ground to remain for some years in grass, I is certainly the best preparation for lime, 1 a3 it has then fresh mould, and vegetable i matter, to act upon. Mr. Cuthbertson recommends, that no lime should he laid on high ridges that are intended to be flattened; the ridge i should be brought to the same round in : which it is intended to remain, before thut operation is accomplished, because, in per. ' forming it, there is a great risk of burying the lime. Mr. Barclay remarks, that '< vvlicn the application is made, the land should not be too wet ; and it is necessary, at all times, to have the lime brought tosuch order, as neither to flv olf with the wind, nor go into clods in the spreading. Mr. Brodie of (Jarvald observes, that some speculative agriculturists rccoin-1 mend liming upon the surface, to extirpate I lie heath, and improve the pasturage, 1 u ithout attempting to bring ground under i the plough.as (he soil and climate may he : unfit for the raising of grain. If the lime is at any considerable distance, there is j reason to suspect that this would not turn out a profitable concern. At the distance of eight or ten miles, a good liming would not cost less than jCIO or Jt'TJ the Scotch acre, it cannot he expected that this I improvement, on such hills as those of ^amiuermuir, would even pay the interest *?f the money. Gentlemen proprietors may improve at this rate, but a tenant;' would he extremely imprudent, were he r to throw away his capital, without a pros- j pcct of being repaid. It is surely better to : 1 lime land worth the improving, to bring it under the plough* and then to take a j1 few corn crops u> refund the expense.? ' 'The tenant is thus reimbursed, and has an ? ameliorated pasture, as the reward ot his industry and superior management. ji Though liming the surface, "to extir- j! pate heath, and improve pasturage," may > not bo a profitable concern on old swards, j it proper to observe4hut when land is 11 a broken up, merely for the sake of impro, !1 . :ng the pasturage, tne beat, and :oost -couojuical mode is, to apply hmc to Ik B iit " ni " ith ii i> immiiiin imiiu.unr--"" surface, and harrow it along with the grass seeds. A great extent of hilly pasture has thus been improved by Dr. Dawson, nnd others, in Roxburgshire.i 6. Air. Kerr, the intelligent reporter of the husbandry of Berwickshire, has transmitted to rnu the following calculation of the expense ofliining. The liino he used was brought by sea to Eyemouth; and the price, besides carriage, amounted to 25.7 per boll, in shell, each boll containing four Winchester bushels; hence to lime an acre of land with 35 bolls, will cost about ?3, 15s, besides carriage and spreading, which, tho distance being short, may amount to 10s. more, or .?3,5s. per acre; bushels ol raw unicsione, comuui ua muui ; j calcaacous earth, as six bushels of po\v- j dered lime; and consequently if powder- j ed lime possess noisome virtue above raw j lime, Ihrce bushels?f the latter, beat small, i ( should equal, as a manure, six bushels of < the former. These suggestions, however, i O cj * * i have not been acted upon, probably owing 1 to the difficulty and expense of beating i the Inne sufficiently small. At the same i time the advantage derived from the use (< of limestone gravel, in Ireland is, howev- ! \ er, highly favorable to Lo:d Karnes doc- ji rine.? ; i 8. It is an ascertained fact, that lime JI is of no advantage in the neighborhood of i O O Edinburgh, where the land has been long j i accustomed to oration and city manure. I Mr. Allen of Craigrook, near Edinburgh, > < has given lime the fairest trial, by liming j one ridge, the whole hold over, at the rate ! of GO bolls per acre, and leaving the other i unlimed, and he has uniformly found, that the liming has had no effect. The reason, i O ' probably, is this, that the land having been i so often manured with Edinburgh street- < dung, which frequently contain a propor- i tion of shells, the use of stone lune is j thereby superseded. Indeed, some are of : opinion, that the land in the immediate < vicinity of Edinburgh had been abundant- i ly limed at some former period, which, in i addition to the calcareous matter mixed with the street-dung, renders any addi- j tional liining unavailing. I, Mr. Hume of Hast Darns finds, thai 11 lime does not answer on his farm near J . Dunbar, which he attributes to the gieat j j quantities of sea-ware, mixed w.th shells, L which h ive been laid on these lands from >, time immemorial, and their having been j j formerly under constant crops of corn, and j ( never in grass till lately, and even now ' only one year at a time. It is weilj ( known, he adds, that lime acts best on j . land that has been much in grass. Any j, local circumstances of that sort, however, i . cannot diminish the credit of a manure, of J, such essential importance to the improve- , ment of the country.|| I I t For a det tiled account of this excellent mcth- j od, aspractibcd by Mr. Dawson, see the Fanners' J j ."Magazine for March, 1812. 6 It would be extremely desirable to ascertain ' whether limestone gravel might not be found in : , Scotland ; to the discovery of which, I hope the j , attention of that public spirited institution, the j ( Highland Society of Scotland, will soon be dircc- I . ted. || It is an interesting object of inquiry, whether lime is equally efficacious on the sea-shore, as in the iuland districts ? It is well known that gyp. sum is not. POLITICAL. J1 REPUBLICAN OR WHIG DEPARTMENT, i 1 From the New York Commercial Advertiser. i DISTRESS IX VIRGINIA. | Bitterly indeed do tlic Virginia papers bewail the pecuniary distress every where prevailing in | that State. Even the Richmond Enquirer, the I sturdy champion of all those measures of the I Jackson-Van-Buren-administrations which have ] brought the country into its present plight, is com. < ptrlled to give utterance to the groans of the pco- i pie. The following is an example, just come to < hand: < "To the Editor of the Richmond Enquirer " CTmoerland, 29th December, 1312. " When was it that the General Assembly of Vir- ' ginia ever refused or neglected to grant a relief law of some description to an oppressed and help- ' less community ? You have penned laws in your ( piper, from lim -to time, since 1792, either for ! stay or rcpl< via.' Why should the Assembly be 1 disj>ulin<f about a junto, when ruin and dcvantu. 1 tion arc pervading our whole country ? A ncjjro 1 in.iti s.'l'i in the county of Amelia, the ?l?iy before ' and ai? this operation was usually repeat- | ed twice during a lease of nineteen years, limine, in his situation, may be consider- J U ctl as a yearly charge of 10s. per acre. How astonished would not many farincrs be in other countries, when they hear that Scotch farmers subject themselves to an expense of 10s. per acre per annum, for lime alone, a sum not much inferior to the average rent of land in rnnnv English counties. But the ex ? O pen so is well bestowed, were it only for j the benefit thence to be derived in the cultivation of green crops of every description. Eor though such crops can he raised by large quantities of dung, yet wiiere calcareous substances are applied, as Mr. Brodic of Garvald has found by long experience, a less quantity of animal manure will answer the purpose. This is J making tiie farm-yard dung go farther, j with more powerful and more permanent j effects; and from weightier crops being ! thus raised, the quantity of manure on a j farm will be most materially augmented. 7. The use of pounded limestone, where fuel is scarce or dear, was strongly ; recommended by Lord Karnes. He ob- | serves, that three pounds of raw lime is, by ! burning, reduced to two pounds of shell lime , though nothing is expelled by the fire but the air that was in the limestone the cal- j careous earth remains entire. Two < pounds of shell, lime, therefore, contains as much calcareous earth as three pounds i of rbw limestone. Shell lime of the best i qualitv, when slacked with water, will j i measure out tluicc the quantity; but as j J limestone loses none of its bulk by being j burnt into shels, it follows, that three : i 1. ' i sX " ' ' yesterday, aged about lfJ, at tlic price of .$8')?-a pood carl and young yoke of oxen at the Minn of .8>7-~and, yesterday, a voung man at the sutn of S?13G;?and the same man's crop of tobacco, as it hung, at the pitiful sum of thirty- vc cents per hundred. The sheriff of that county has upwards of a hundred negroes encamped under bush huts waiting the day for sacrifice. Whom should your Assembly aid, if it be not the weak and hclplew portion of the constituent body, with crying wives and children ? The last barrel of corn, bed, and plough-horsc gone for almost nothing, making the rich richer, and the poor poorer, when a little time, under the blessing of Providence, would bring in another crop. 44 Why not grant some act of relief to the banks ? ?give them a law at their discretion to suspend ?at any rate take them out of the oppressive hands of the broker. Subscriptions arc going the rounds at our public meetings, to aid some man with his helpless family, who has been sold out at a shameful sacrifice. Tell the reader the writer was never sued on his own account, and that his memory carries him back to the happiest results of valuation laws.?Why should the trustee have five per cent., when lie has no risk, and but little trouble ? 441)o, my dear sir, call the young people of the General assembly to this all important subject.? Suppose a majority of them were old men, what do you think would be the consequences ? A PLANTER." llelef and stop laws, demanded by the pure Jacksoniaus of Virginia?the very staunchest of the Bentonian hard-currency lioys ! Well: It is just what the Whigs predicted from the outset of the grand 44 experiments" which have brought the country to this pass. Hear what Senator Ewing said, in the Senate, when the Jackson measures of currency were under discussion. ****** ' Hut this is not all. X ou sap the morals ai the same time you thus rudely shake the proa, pcrity of a people. Their first resort will be to legislative aid, and relief laws follow, or, in other words, laws to prevent the collection of debts, (for what Legislature can withstand the appeals of a whole people suffering under a general visitation?) or, if not that, the creation of a best of banks with fictitious capital, which may seem for a time to suspend the blow, but will make it fall the heavier at last. And then, instead of the safe and sound currency which we now enjoy, we shall again have a depreciated and worthless mass of trash, which wili pass into the hands of the people, and there sink into uuthiug, leaving them to bear the loss." Equally prophetic was the eloquent Clayton, of Delaware. " The farmer must again sell his grain to the country merchant for state bank paper at a dis count of from ten to twenty or even thirty per cent, in the nearest commercial oily," &,c. 44 The loss of confidence among men, the total derangeincut of that admirable system of exchanges which is now acknowledged to he belter than in an v other country on the globe, overtrading and speculation jn false capital in every part of the couulry, that rapid fluctuation in tiic standard of value for moicy, which, like the unseen pestilence, withers all the efforts of industry while the sufferer is in utter ignorance of the cause of his destruction ; bankruptcies and ruin, at the anticipation of which the licart sickens, must follow in the long train of evils which arc assuredly before us." T1 . il V .i* I T .a _ 1? ? rrom uie ?\iiuunai uucuigrnccr. the tariff rOLICY in virginia. Tlic Whigs of Westmoreland county, (Virgidid,) held a convention recently, at which Lawrence Washington presided, and a set of uncommonly sensible resolutions were adopted. We make from the preamble the following extract, the sound practical common sense of which is truly refreshing, considering the quarter from which it comes and the barren abstractions with which that part of the country is so blighted. These rational and reasonable Westmoreland men say : 44 With respect to the tariff, which is the absorbing topic of the day, we arc decidedly in favor of such an imposition of duties as shall foster domestic manufactures to the fullest extent, consistent with sucli an amount of revenue as the fair and lioncst demands of the Treasury may require. We profess, nevertheless, to be thorough believers in the doctrines of free trade. We arc convinced that if all the nations of the earth woui J be governed by them in their commercial relations, they would confer upon all the greatest possible amount of attainable prosperity. But we should regard it us the height of folly to throw open our ports without restriction to other nations so long as thcir's arc shut in our faces, and they continue to act upon a wholly opposite policy. The practical statesman, under such circumctanccs, must lay . ? If 1 1 A his abstract philosophy on me sncn anu worx out his problems upon the actual theatre of human alFairs. To buy in the cheapest market is a very plausible doctrine, but to him who is forced to sell in the cheapest market, in order to reach it, the delusion is at once made manifest. The great problem to solve is, what constitutes, under all circumstances?of selling as well as buying?in time to conic as well a? in time present?the most advangeous market to the consumer?" DEMOCRATIC DE PART.MENT. From the Charleston Mercury. Nkw York, Jan. 17, 1813. My Dear Sir,?Your able paper is justly regarded here as tile organ of the People's Candidate?John U. Calhocx; and its opinions in relation to the manner in which the next National Convention shall be formed?the time when it shall be called?and the p^ace where the delegates shall meet?are looked for by the young Democracy in this State, with no little anxiety. .Mr. Calhoun has more personal popularity in the State of New York, than any other candidate in the Democratic par. ty :?of this fact, I am daily becoming more and more convinced. .Mr. Van Huron has the warm support of all those who held olllcc under his Administration, who of course, expect to go back to afficc again, if Mr. Van Bttrcn is re-elected. The j 1 (.1 Hunkers, and the old party organization in this State, also give him their cordial supj>ort.? This is drawing many of the young democracy into the Calhoun ranks. I appreciate Mr. Van Burcn highly?I believe him a most able manager, md the most shrewd and cunning politician of the Jay; with the experience he has had, he ought to be i good Statesman. 1 regret that he is again in the field, and vcrv anxious for a nomination?but [ do not think lie has the most remote chance of ecciving it. Nine-tenths of the Democratic party arc i:i favor of the on;: term principle. It is a | source of deep regret to the friends of Mr. Calhoun I in the Free States?that our brethren in the Slave ' States, have, even in this early stage of the proceedings forgot a great principle for which they ! arc battling. It has always been granted, that the object of holding a National Convention, is to get a fair expression from the people, as to the man they deem most fit to be the Candidate of the Democratic party for the Presidency. The nc.\t Convention will bo composed of 2:23 Delegates, representing the number of members of the ' - ? 1X1 , ' House of Keprcscnialivcs, anu oa l'eiegaics, representing the two Senators from each State. The majority of the Democracy in the Free States believe that the honest expression of the popular voice in relation to this subject, can be best obtained by ' the Democracy meeting in each Congressional ; District in every State?and at such primary I meeting, electing a delegate to represent that Dis1 trict in the Convention. Again for the two Senatorial Delegates?let the Democratic portion of each State Legislature select two proper persons. ' Such a course is Democratic, and consistent with | Democratic principles and usages. Is it Democratic for a State Convention or a State LegislaI * T , ture to select Delegates ? No, it is not,?the people can do this business, much better and far more ! satisfactory to themselves when the proper time J arrives; and I am sorry that in the South, our i friends should have commenced choosing delegates by State Legislature. The friends of Air. Calhoun use logic in the Northern States; and, they are determined to elect delegates by the District System; for they believe it right and just to do so? I let others do as they please ; and ovr Delegates : will go to the National Convention, and claim j their seats, in defiance of well-trained Stale ConJ tent ions?and the people at large will sustain them, and vote for such Candidate as a Co rite :iI Hon formed by the District elections shall norm'. I nate. Tire Democracy of this City have no nerd of j political jugglers at Albany to select this free. ! delegate for this County, they icill elect by disI tricts. Proscription is the order of the day here?any Democrat who is in favor of Mr. C ilhoun is marked for political destruction by the Van Burcn JjC-adors. There are several Calhoun men who j arc now at Albany, and applicants for State ofI fices under Gov. Bouok?Some of these men have I been, for years, the most active, faithful, and efficient democrats in the party; not a word can be said against them save the damning licresy M He is a friend of John C. Calhoun." This is enough, it is a death blow to their application. Gav. Bouck is an old iiuuker, and, since lie received the congratulatory letter of Mr. Van Burcn, has been his most willing servant. Not only I hose who are known to be Calhoun men arc doomed to be prescribed, but all those who are even suspected of Calhounism. It is generally reported that Gov. Bouck has assumed the responsibility of making the ap{>oiutmcnta for this city, regardless of the Irishes of the Ncx York Delegation; and wiil be guided in the matter by a few of Mr. Van Daren's conhdcntiul friends of this city?men who were I probably au fait in 1333, but who arc now behind the age. If this should prove to be true, Gov. Bouck will regret it before Nov. next. The election in Dee. for the 1 general Committee of Tammany Hall for 1313,' called out almost the entire strength of the democracy at I he primary meetings. Calhoun men were openly elected in several wards, and in others there was no question asked of Candidates, and it is sup. posed that several Calhoun nun were elected.? The ticket which it was generally supposed would be admitted from the 14th ward was called the Van Burcn ticket of the ward. The Calhoun men voted them out?and sent both tickets bark to the ward. A now election was held last week?and the Calhoun ticket was elected by 250 inaj.?Thus you see we gain at every new trial. Time and th/> rnhnr sprnntl fhnwrht is CVCTV thill"- fcr US. k,*v W1"'v' ? / o The Calhoun delegate# vote for Hatfield for Chairman, and some of them tor More,?Purdy is the candidate of the Van Burcn men. The general Committee have nothing to do with making President#?and the question of Calhounism or Vanburcnism. The Van Burcn men commenced it. I believe the Calhoun party in this city?if occasion calls them out openly?outnumber the Van Buren party, two to one. The former party is composed of the voting, efficient and fresh Democrats, the very flower of the Democratic party in this city, and also in the State. Yours, truly, YOUNG DEMOCRACY. CALIIOUN IN LOUISIANA. Through the columns of the New Orleans Herald, we have the proceedings of a meeting of the friends of Mr. Calhoun held in that city, at Banks' Arcade, on Monday night last. They are very ably prepared, and show the ntinost dcj fercnce to the will of the democratic party, as it may be expressed in a national convention. From a letter received at this office from NewOrleans, we extract the following paragraph : 4 Our cause goes bravely on. The information from the country is gratifying in the highest degree. In the western portion of the State the ' people arc beginning to take up the presidential question in a proper spirit. They have begun to express their opinions and preferences, with the in dependence of freemen and democrats. The fact ( is, that the attempt made by some of our Demo critic brethren to stifle the discussion of the claims of the candidates for the Presidency, lias aroused j a spirit of inquiry which will stop short of nothing I but truth." I From Washington we have also a letter from '< which we extract the following paragraph : 44 Our friends here speak very confidently of Maine, New Hampshire, Connecticut and Michigan. Depend on it, Mr. Calhoun is the available candidate. * * Honestly I do not believe, with all our strength, we can make ."Mr. Van lluI rcn a tittle stronger than he was in 1310?if as ? ' strong. Democracy has strengthened, but Mr. | Van Hurcn has not recovered from a single charge brought against him in 1810." 3 O CALIIOl'N IN MISSISSIPPI. Correspondence of the Alabama Tribune. Columbus, Miss.. Jan. 7, 1813. Sirs?In pursuance of prc\ious notice given in I the Columbus Democrat, a meeting of the demo i crats of this county (Lowndes; assembled ai iuc j court house at the hour of 10 o'clock. I The meeting was organized, and Jas. Whitfielt!, j Esq., a Calhoun man, was called to the chair, ! and on motion, Maj. Nat. L. Mitchell was ap' pointed secretary. j Resolutions preparatory to sending delegates to I Jackson on the 2'Jd February, were offered and adopted?and then, on motion, Jus. Whitfjcld, Es j., John T. Conucll, Esq., I)r. A. N. Jones, Col. R. Gilmer, and W. U. Cannon, Esq.,?all | Calhoun men, good and true?were presented as ' suitable persons to represent the county in the state aonvention. The motion was put and agreed to | ?there being but one dissenting voice out of ' about 200 democrats in meeting. The day was excessively bad?and many of our democratic ; ' friends were thereby prevented from attending ' I The friends of .Mr. Van Huren complain of the 1 day?ttiey had but two voters from the country? i j wliiic .Mr. Calhoun's friends arc so hot for him, i that 70 or 80 came from the country, breasting for ' miles the snow storm which prevailed all day. : ! Never did a man have such ardent and devoted | friends as Mr. Calhoun. Poor fellows!?their love for the man and his principles is painfully I rivctted to him. There would be no doubt of his ; nomination in the national convention, if the dc- ' mocracy was in the minority. It would require hiin, then, to put us in the majority. But with 13J,00'J majority, there will not be so much use for a man of personal worth. No, 110?I will not ' believe that democrats eun be so ungrateful. I ? will not believe that a democrat can be governed by so unpatriotic a notion, as to desire to make i another President, simply because such other would punisli the whigs more than would be the ease if Calhoun were elected. The idea of legislating for a party, and not for the country, is founded on the principles of mean selfishness?and can never find a place in a purely democratic breast. I A SUBSCRIBER. I CALHOUN' IV ALABAMA. Great Democratic Meeting.?We publish to| day from an Alabama paper, the account of a ! large meeting held in the city of Mobile. Our friends of the meeting speak clearly the principles and sentiments of the Democracy throughout the 1 j Union. Tiicy also give cogent reasons for prefer* I ring Mr. Calhoun for the next President. We <= i agree most cordially with the Alabama Demo: crats, in their partiality for the distinguished son I of Carolina. They, however, express their undii ininished confidence in Mr. Van Buren?and so do , we. But for reasons which we have heretofore i given, and unnecessary now to recapitulate, we j would most earnestly hope, that the next Prcsi- j dent might be Mr. Calhoun. Among the names appended to the proceedings of the Mobile meet- 1 ing, we arc proud to recognize those of John A. Campbell, (sou of the late Duncan C. Campbell,) and Daniel Chandler, formerly of Washington, ! i Wilkes county, and both at this time citizens of ! .Mobile, and distinguished as well as eloquent _ members of the bar. j While on i....; subject, we would state, for the j information of our friends out of the State, that ; during the Session of our last Legislature, a Convention of the Democracy was held, and delegates ; I appointed to attend the General Convention ; and we speak confidently in saying, that the genflcj men selected to give the vote of Georgia in the j nomin ition, will but carry out the wishes of their ptrty in favor of .Mr. Calhoun.?Geo. Pjper. WlIIJ DOCTRINE KUO.M A DEMOCRATIC SOURCE. From the Charleston Mercury. The importance of the one term principle advocated by Gen. Jackson in his messages?and aj>' proved by the whole party, becomes daily more appaicut. lis adoption will secure the representation of the people, and their will in the filling and ; administration of the Executive ollicc. It will j | put an end to the management of selfish poliii. I clans, who would ffetain office by the continuance of power in the hands of the incumbent under whom they obtained office?and who to continue or to restore a President to whose defeat and that of the parly with him their own incompetency or imprudence has perhaps contributed?oppose their selfish machinations to the popular will. If it were not for inferior men, who calculate on Mr. Van j Huron's overlooking tticir errors anu iQieruung muir i imbecility?but who can hope nothing from a bona fide Rk.foam, the union of tlic party on the greatest inen of tlic Democrats, ami most avuila. b!c candidate, would be certain. COX (i KE8SION AL. Although the following letter, which is from the Washington correspondence, of the New York Commercial Advertiser, refers at the beginning to proceedings in the House for which we have not room, it will still lie intelligible to the reader. SETTI.KMBXT 01' POLITICAL BALAXCKS. The morning hour heing over, the mo- j lion of Mr. Proffit to reconsider tiie final \ vote on tin; repeal, came up in order, and Mr. Gushing took the floor, to wipe off old scores, accumulated during the debate. He considered "party" to mean a bodv ; of men seeking power. He regarded the , j 44 Democratic" party as a set of men try: ing to get into power, with a repudiated ; " sub.treasury" for lis principle,?and ihc 44 Whig" party as a set of men seeking to i ohlain power, with a repudiated Untied j States Bank for their principle. These were tlie chief parties in the land, and ; these their principles. To these he had j ! addressed himscll iri the speech so much i criticised in late debates. And here he , i went into a warm and earnest vindication j : of himself in making that speech, as well l as in the whole of his recent career in | politics. He took this occasion to review the | J whole of the old story about the separation j between Mr. Tvlcr and the Whigs, which j I he attributed to the self-created despotism J of party opinion, with Mr. Clay as its' 1 head and leader. Hut for this, he contended, the Whig party would now be stronger than ever it was, even in 1810. Speaking for the few defenders of the administration on that lloor, he said that i each of the great parties here was inter| ested to break them down. Hut they feared nothing from tins opposition, i ney left it to time to vindicate them and their conduct. In replying to tlie speeches of Messrs. i Thompson, Fessendcn, &c., &e.t Mr. Gushing struck hard blows, saying, now . and then, with regard to assertions contained in those speeches, that they were not true. Whereupon Messrs. ThompI son and Ftsscndcn ror-) to repel these averments of untruth, and .Mr. Gushing peremptorily refused to give them the tloor for a single word. They would have full time hereafter, during the session. In conclusion, he said this administration stood on its acts and measures, and upon fhern it came to litis House, and t?j the country. If condemned by this body, or bv the present ngc, the administration would fearlessly appeal for its vindication, from the heated partisanship of the time to the cool and impartial judgment of pos* terity. Mr. Fessenden of Maine took the floor. f V ^ I. _ J ...... a ? I ...I .... .w. .. I L. .. .m lllf A A O A ?!* lie (liKl t:\jit Licii *oiiicioing imc an uigu? went from the member from Massachusetts, to do away the effects of what he had previously said on I he disputed points in his speech. Instead of this, the House had been entertained with on hour's special pleading, which by no means reached the point. The question was, what was the scope, the intention, the obviously solo motive of the speech,the meaningof which that member was now undertaking to explain away ? The common sense of the House was not to be deceived or misled on this pt int. That body hud given the speech in question a construction which cannot be altered. It was as plain as language could make it. And here Mr. FesscuUen quoted from the speech in proof. Mr. F. adverted to the fact that Mr. Cushing had directed tiic principal part of his special plea, just made, aguinst him, while he passed over Mr. Thompson with a word, and very nervously Hpproached Mr. Riyner, of N. C. He had two hypotheses for tho explanation of this.? Either Mr. Cushing felt the force of his sjreech more than that of others?* supposition which he had not the vanity to entertain?or else that gentleman, with a prudence soincwhnt characteristic of him ^Mr. O) on that floor, had deemed him (Mr. F.) his weakest adversary. Mr. Fesscnden asked Mr. Cushiug if, in saying that certain passages of his (Mr. 1.^ .....ww.lv ?w.l I i?ha l?a rviAu nt i r>y v?t \i iiwi >i mv?j iiv> uivuiii iv impute intentional untruth to him. Mr Cashing disclaimed any such in| lention. Mr. Fissendcn then vindica ed his for- ^ mer speech against the interpretation put ! upon it l>y Mr. Cushing, and was follow. ' ed by Mr. Garret Davis, of Kentucky, who was asked by Mr Thompson, of Indiana, to y eld the | do ?r, and allow him to take up the challange given by Mr. Cashing, tit rofercnce ; to his speech of some weeks ago. Mr. Davis feared lie would thus loso : his chance of the lloor; and so he went I on. He was opposed to the reconsiders, tion of the \oie to repeal the bankrupt law. He was in favor of the repeal. So rrni' h for the exact question before the House, at present. lie then approached the quest ion in its political a*pect, and l paid, in his turn, his compliments to Mr. Cashing, in connexion with the (utter s former and later speeches, especially as they red' ct upon the comae of Mr. Clay with regard to tho present administration. in tins connexion Air. Davis took issue Willi Air. Cashing, on the allegation that Mr. Clay had starteJ in this .Congress iu opposition to the administration, and reviewed the n ensue* brought forward at the extra session, contending that all of tiirrn were administration measures, a/id eminently calculated to sustain the administration. The President?the gentleman from Massachusetts?could not have ask. ed any more of the Whigs (hnu tliey did, for its support. Mr. Davis expressed stirpri.se that Mr. Cushing, in defending himself against tho remarks of members ori (bat floor, as to his political course, had suffered parallel allusions lo that of (ho Secretary of Stale to pass unnoticed, lie then passed a high eulogy upon Daniel Webster as he was, and commented upon his present position us affording a strong contrast to nil his jfe anterior political career. Not one feature, for instance, of the Exchequer plan now advocated liy him, but was completely refuted and annihilated in former speeches of Mr. Wehster, Not an net of his since he came into power but was an. lagonistical to nil his former nets and principles. He hud said tiiat his pot pro. ject, a United States iisnk, was "an oh. solctc idea." fie found that he and his place under government were "obsolete," unless the bank were so, and to save the former repudiated the latter. Mr. Spencer bad done the Whig party no harm.? IIiS political profligacy was loo well known and the change was no surprise to any bo dy. It was Ci ar icteristic,?a matter of course. It was far otherwise with Mr. Wehster, &c. Mr. D. then adverted, in a high strain of eloquence, to Henry Clay, his history, his character, and his career. Concluding thus, (at a quarter past three o'clock,) he was followed by his colleague, Mr. Marshnli, who said he should have no opportunity to say what he had to offer on this question until Monday next, unless he went on now, as to-morrow and the next day were, hy rule, devoted 10 the consideration of private bills, fie should therefore proceed now, laio as 11 was. He then gave his views of the power of Congress, under the constitution, to pass uniform bankrupt laws, and (by way of contrast to the other gentlemen, who have to day addressed the House), spoke at some length to the question actually before the body. He did not believe Congress had the constitutional power to penw a voluntary bankrupt law. He was opposed to the reconsideration. Mr. M. alluded to passages in this debate, between hi in and Mr. Wise, relative to points in the private and public history of this administration. He thought he might himself write the history of tho twenty-seventh Congress,and he would bo obliged to Mr. W. for some of those facts and anecdotes which none could give, ho thought, so well as he could do. And ho then came to state what, as made out by Messrs. Wise and Curdling, was to be faken as the true cause of all flits difficulty in the Whig partv ; to wit, the personal and political hostility ol Messrs. Tyler and w I...... i.. tleftrv C!av. This, he coa M VUMtl ?? ? ???? */ , - r