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:' 451H #? * tWLsPI 1 .v?<; l<t Ji, ,id . _ |, i<Ti.?|4M.i>?ti; * 1 '.-*** :v: ry. <&$?$> - W S.B WmiB IPIItSiElB* a , cijeraw. soutm-carolina, Tuesday, January- lai) 1843. I1MIM-R"! HlWIUli: rill /?" r. Ill'Vf ' .,1 , j'. .1 Bjf Mi, MACjLEAN- . ,>d? ^I'I-oiv >'*>?;! nwjj.vii , - -nil < Tnurtl-PuW i?hod weekly at thre* lioVprt a Two now, nWriben may taholho yoyMf,>W 4n kd+a ibeoi- and lew wb twenty.'I *onnautao?*lK?mtl>M* reaving tfcoir MPff* dtiloXln^"*1* l0P A. year** au&eVibtloM'JlaMtjrd AM' lit adVatteeJ ' Paper* not iitteonttaued te#otoefl*'?abs?ribera i nonpar*. >? *< I .'1/ .w b??A Aivertiaementtnot okpoqding t r>ljnoa innerted fw^wnydnllV the firet time, end nfW cents oaoli a i*Moqiinnt tinia. Fqf'lnssrUbhf ht interval* of tkr6 troeks 75'c ints'hAci' ttMfirnty end a dollar if Ike Interval* are lo*?fq?v Payment <lue In donnoofer arivartisntbonif. Wlwe the number of inanition* is not 9V?r^eil on the copy, the adjrprtljetneru wil^he inserted, and ehargod'tjl ttTTho postage meet he pnM on lettero to tho ditn* on the bnainna* of .the office, i AFraOCKATir KOOD, PURS AIR, AND EX. ERCISK, NRCB33ARY TO THE HEALTHY CONDITIO* OF DAIRY CATTLE. That (lie natural temperature of food for ruminant nniinat* in tho most appropriate, ia pcrlmps too plain a proposition to lie dispu'ed ; but in the general man. nganmnt of cows in the vicinity of populous places,.tliis important fact is entiroly disregarded. , . Man, it ah Uuo, is. omniynrous., His stomach is nearly equally well adapted to tho digoittiun of aaimal and vegetable food, of solids or fltids. Ho ;ie also a roOkihg' am mat, rtntf can receive his food nt Varying temperature*. Hut it is different with rlitninant animate. They nrc essentially' hcfhiW;rntl*, and should re- , ?*etye this lei hit of alnn mty tit a'naturnl tcgippjratiirr, luTnio it'has undergone certain tyhqinical changes, and not as is tit? c**e,tip vl>P OT. ?T ^nnv.tUodisiillery, , 'j Ipyr, iypiqopse com- , pIcX. con vocli ng f orgn ns an list har e sumetiling oIsq to hmploy them, besides roooivi ing sninc thirty or. forty gallons, of. slush , pcrtfajr, which contain* but n ?in;dl quarts i tityvnf Vegetable master in tliuifortn of Ar'on dfi^eminnted through it.):. To fuiiil the obviblis 'design of nature, t lu;y must , have rood* whSijh 'fcqtfires1 ma*ti*ation. Without the' bo^r'br ritmihafioni or in familiar phrase. vVilhput'h tft'l, rh??y w'rfl Ungui.V?lU 'Kit". M tf'liWtf'MW" littlo i* n<>t: cnn^h.' yf-hey rated' haVp , alni fouil ?o .jiulRc^n^ q^Vntity lo fill their tUomncIt*. ,Xhp co^v tliot is ft.d <>u , <1i?tillory.8li?|>, 40 far ns wo knoty, uscyt but nna of hor fig*! ?!om tc|)p; all t l?n ro?>t aro idle ; of cmirm*, tlioro utmi. follow grte'ui ftincttomil derangement* And when thia'kiftd of diet in received into j^li? tyj< tem, it is rapidly eicked ?p by Ine thous. and absortmnt VcJrtdla, and thro wo into kite hh?od ; and IwlVijrd itbecmrtcs nniumh i*ed, probably in 'the coursh of'ten inin. nil1* it begme'tn fib titVaindd ihtongh the organ* ,"f I lie udder, in the form of n blue, qraiery,.insipid mtcjftiipn, called tii'lk. Haw very {{liferent is the process of forming milk out of aolLl food! By the complicated Q|>p?ratus already described, the food tinUprgoe* various mod ficuttons iiikI cbnngei. First, it is partially chuw cd and mixsd with<4lio> saliva; it then descend* into Hie riimon, where it grad. uilly traverses it* irirriuur c?im|KiMmen(i4 kind' is probably mtained'several bourse unfit it is thoroughly macerated ; next it passes into trtis reticulum in strlaHportion*, and thorn lining softened and covered With mucus, by a hind of anti^iMiUutrjd notion it is thrown into the mouth'.? nDfjl.!!. ! f compound inolion of1 thin lower ji?w? h,nlf internal and half vortical,*' leisurely repented fruin .thirty to forty lune*,.on each end or. pellot, the second process of inastioation is completed ; and (wing seduced to a proper cons.stance, it t* again swallowed* and glides directly into the ontnHtim, where it sustains some changes "not'well understood,* It next passe* into the nliomnsuin, or last atom aen, whore 'it is mixed with certain fin- | ids equivalent to the gastric juice in the hitman stomach, and thus is Converted into a soft pulpy mass called chyme, from which the suiiili vessels of n portion of the digestivo tube, still lower down, call. tod lacteal*, by a peculiar power which may, he denominated vital chumistry, Manufacture that bland fluid,chyle, which contains in itself all the ultimate elements of animal Itodics. This, then, ia an ela-' boraled animalixcd product, containing nn aliunde nee-of oxygen and carbon, with! acme nitrogen, and titled for conversion intoalbumen', gitalin, Ahrirt, nt any of the , jifroxIWta, ote jtWittn of an imah l>oHics. The hloiifi formed from it id cbhsequohtly $cp fy al/jtlio elements which Rfcc frquir. iy.?Vi|?|?!y the waste/and hjjild up the KnfWya.tj^pQ^ ut the system. Of Course, frvm( it i^higUty, ani. maliavd, nod tl ??i<ljfe frpuv ||?R I moio o(T, /wj V4?cl?dHl?nM*?||?fMr?iiMMi|?rni '! , %M?*v wfcsm ftfc* Miiwtal! 1V/ ?.: i ; 'I^KikVltrtw'icH; prr.lmhl*IM tK,J If IWV icry little i.c W appro. pci*ln: ?a*i?rvfcr make Urn* of. It.u (mourn lh?* the food of animals must KiNwrily (ffliniint of ono of |hp ibruu grunt gtaminal principle*?a saccharine, ft* pi/y, or eiialumtnoxu principle. /Thus ind h?rbio?oua matters, on whifch tdmtowirtta feed, contain two of these* vtsrt the saccharine nnd the glutinous, which is n modification of the nihil. I inlhoua, white every part of an atmnnl contains atbuincn ami oil. But flow much saccharine matter can it be supposed in left in the slop of tho distillery or in brewers grainr, after, by tho pro. cvss of fermentation, all tho alcohol that can ho obtained is extracted from it ?? Spirit, or alcohol, is the direct produet.of the saccharine portion of the grainil ; nnd ns it is r >puffy developed by termer)* tation, it is hardly probable that any re. mniiiM Imhirxi unrlnnumimuul. A* alnlnn ? ' insoluhio in water, and doos not so readily ferment as the saccharine principle, il is probable that brewers' grains contain a considerable quantity of it. ttidced it inay bo aaid to contain the only nutritious principle thut Can be obtained from them. It is fully established by the experiments of Majcndie and other physiologists, that a diet, to be complete, must contain mora or less of these three stuinin-. al principles. Such at least must ho tlio diot of man,. , Although aniinuls may form a chyle, and even live a while on otioof tti?-0o ctnses of nlimuntn, vet it is impossible that they can do so for a great length of time. No proper chyle can be obtained from '.he digestion of such food ; consequently no healthy blood can Ik? formed, and none of the secretions be healthy, T.iis, then, is another importaal reason why tlio health of cows can. not he maintained on distillery.slop and suuil ir kinds of food. Healthy chylo is so similar in its pro. parties to blond, that it has been called /*. quid blood ; and Vauqitcliii, a celebruled ehoni:?f,'kv?ii regards it as Jibrin in nn imperfect stater Hat when the food, as is the case with distillery-slop, In of such a nnturc- that proper chyle* cannot lie fliflMml frmn 11. IVH IVmllrl nnt?tr*ill?r ? V -'? - pbct, when used and taken tip by tliii nh. sorberitiq'tlvit tho entire system w'otild bo tilled wiih tho watery and innutritions fluid, ami suuh, us will subsequently appear, if the .actual condition of aniinnhr so fed.) Such food contain* no curbon, which con- . stitutc* the grcator proportion of fibrin, I or muscular tibro ; of course n> fibre or flesh can ba formed, for the very,good reason that there is nothing prosoirt to furnish tho materials essential to itefortnfttioiv. lit view of these facts, though uninstructcd hy experience, as to tho ne(Ufil rcsnltrq wo might c onfidently anticipate tho deleterious effects which are known to take place, and intist Aver he consequent upon the use of unwholesome ami iiisuiliciout fond. But thcronro Other conditions which arc'essontiulto the health of these Quil?a|*, which may be concisely policed. Frrst, Pure air is indispensably necessary. Any other conclusion than this, would ho as contrary to tho known laws of life and health, as to tho common sense of mankind. The effects of living in foul air, nr* manifested hy tho debility which ensues-r-impairrd digestion, depression of the vital functions, and oftentimes the generation nt diseases of the most mnlig. l--.-1 _l . K.T . I Iinm Kill' IHIIII Uliur>tcicr? OOW HS air IS rendered impure by every thing which impedes its circulation, .but especially by the breath and perspiration of ttnininU crowded together in small nnd close up. partmcnts ; tho presence of cxcienionts and stench, nnd putrifving animal and vegetable matter, which, even with the strictest regard to cleanliness, unuvoiJ. ably ncciimutnlos by immuring tlicm in confined stables, such u condition, in the nbsonco. of all other prejudicial causes, cannot fail to prove destructive to Uenilli and lifo. i Second, Exercise, It is ns evidently the design of nature that cattle should enjoy that bodily activity which is produced by the natural action of their own limbs, in ihoving from place to place for tho means of subsistence, as it is that vegetables should lio left undisturbed in the scpl frpm which they imbibe their nourishincnt. Cattlo were necessarily endu ed wild powers of locomotion in order to Keek their own subsistence ; and it in self-evident that llicy cannot bo condemned :<o n torpid vegetable condition with impunity*. .in. . . 1 Nature, over unerring in her instincts, prompts the bounding frolics of ynnng arfimaiw; ok woll at* the more clumsy gum- 1 bole of the old. "Then* must," remarks Addison, ?<be frequent motions, agitatidls, to mix, digest, and separate the 'contained (jiti the body, as well as MW'.tt;ll.,.n#l!*i,,u,lu ol Wi*vt .*??? MJfMt U tnore firrr* utul b.stfHg^P, E*,cr?i* fcnno.il? tlio limnorH, Oflrtt* U?om irU> Uiu.r pfflp*r cii-ninoU, lUrotflpp oif winntlunoo*, mfd ln:l|?i nature in (ftftMrrtiirci (halnbufcioWN! t I without whftrh tho body cnVtnot oiiTwtist rn ? vigor." And in ordor to this healthy tttfi a Hon or tha. vital function, it is dot ttufflh ?k ' . , , ' ... t;T Clone that exercise Im taken occasionally and at long intervals, but,when the sen sou *' permits, it should l/o taken daily. Com, J*' tnon souse and observation, independent j of physiological knowledge, might lead ua to the conclusion, that any other, man- j* I ngemont of cattle than that here suggest- e od, must toad to the derangement of n health, and fatal diseases.?Hartley's p Essay on Milk. w CVLTUKH OF COTTO.V. S There are tnany around us who think "i tho surface-culture of cotlun, or of crops, a v.' new-fangled notion, and scout at the idea. 11 All .....,,^....1.?._uII t ni r??? v?iwi?mviiiiiauiiv r?i? go (iiilinilUU ^ and customs are received in this very ^ way. There are others whb think it has ni done and will do for the north, but will not in tho south. I will state one cir- Q( cumstance, and close by citing one fact. ^ In 1633, I think, I planted in the same nt field, about twenty ncrcs of cotton, as usu- g( al barred ofif and scraped. Tiio suh.se- In qucnt culture was cntiroly witli the hoc tv and sweep, tho latter merely shaved the tt surface, probably to the depth of one hi half to one inch; also throe acres, and c' cultivated us was customary; plowing ul three times and hoeing. There was but *r a path of eighteen to twenty-four inches jjj dividing. Land as near similar as could w he, only tho first pieco had been cleared five years, and the second pieco only two ^ years; therefore, the latter'should have resisted the drought best. Mr. Wdliam v, Montgomery, my neighbor, n practical (j, fanner of some thirty years' standing, n| ridiculed my notion, as I had been hut it recently from school. I to?k him into 01 tho field to look at it. Ho admitted that 3. the unploughcd land was the host crop, 0. and had sustained itself the best through the season, but could not uccouul for it. Now every gardener knows the I act, thai m liis garden returns him a greater income than nny-other spot ho can cultivate, j7' Tho plough never enters, nor is tho earth ' disturbed two inches froin March till July. c| He tultivatos tho surface entire, h iving ... , - III previously Hpnricd deep antl nnnurerf t|, well; Then, if this he so in relation to la raising vegetables t,f tike tap root ahd ho. a< rizoiit.iT root families in tho garden, may til it.mil be wojl to try it clsowheic, oapeci- la ally us .luorp Jand urni be cultivated and of kept cleaner ?? Western,Farmer. .lii _____ p From ShtcHtir'* Hua'jandry. .' LI ii c. / There i*perhaps no country in Kurope, ^ where calcined lime is used to so great an t'n extent, find in such quantities. a* in the ' more improved nnd improving districts of Scotland. Thin may lio partly owing to thn total absence of chalk, which tt> abound:* in ?o many parts of England. and which renders calcined lime loss ne- ^ cessury there ; hut it j*'principally to ho . attributed to the groat benefit that has been deiived from its use. In bringing; j" i in new or mai.lon soils, the uso of liinu is' . Ibund to l>o ?o essential, that little gr>od ' could be done without it. Its fi at application, in particular, gives a degree of ^ permanent fertility to the soil, which can J be imparted by no other manure. Its of. I fccts, indeed, ere hardly to ho credited,, hut their correctness cannot be disputed. Maiden soils, in Lnmmcrmuir, of a tolcrn. w ble quality, will, with the force of sheeps? dung, or other nntinal manures, produce a middling crop of oats, or ryo ; but the 0 richest unimnl dung does not enable then* to bring nny other grain to maturity.--* ai Pens, barley, or wheat, will sot out with c< every appourwnco of miicccsh ; but when ^ the pens urif in bloom, nnd the other grains arc putting forth tboenr, they proceed no . fnrthar, and dwindlo sway in fruitless abortion.* The same soils, after getting a sufficient quantity of lime, will producu M every species of grain, and in good sea. j?' sons bring them to maturity, in nil future ' times, always supposing the ground to he under proper culturo, nnd the climate ^ adapted to tho crop.- This fact proves, that oats and rye require less calcareous w matter than what is necessary fur othor '* grains}' that lime nets as an allcrativo, as "j well as an active medicino, and that the V defects in tho constitution of the soil are ' I curo.l, even after tho stimulant and ferti. 1 lizing e flee Is of the limo have long ceased U: | to operate. Lime is also peculiarly bene- 111 ficial in improving muirish soils, by making w them produce good herbage, whero 01 nothing but hoatli nnd other unpalatable * grasses grew formerly. The expenso of thiw article in Aborducnshiro is stated to M be enormous, very little of it being pro. ' ducsd in that country; yet lime is thcro J"*' considered to bo absolutely necessary, and, indeed, the foundation of all suiislnn. IH tial improvements.f It is supposed, how . f Marl, although containing calcareous matter, '* is not so Q&'ectivo. It will produco oats, barley, .. atid early peas in abunduuee, and in somo aitua. 1 | tious will also produce wheat, when the season in I favorable ; but wheat crops cannot ho depended I upon from joarl alouq. .. t Communication from Mr. Barclay, Mill of Knockloith. It is observed, that lime has some. 01 times been withheld both from low lands after V1 fallow, and from hilly lands after turnips; but in jail th^ee eases, with an evident loss to the oecu. ? pant, by^a decrease of produce throughout the whole course. " f . -U . ;. * , H . I r mi rirr, not'tn Iki an n?eful on tfmwotl-shore R in the inoro inland disti'.cts, from th rril lining perhaps mixed with liea?slroTls Tho importance of litno ?a a manurei Irikingly exemplified'by the follbwingffi irmntion from Mr. Walker of Mdlen enn: Ho entered into the possession o lilt farm twenty .five years ago, and thei avc tho whole farm, (with the oxceptiai f a f?w acres of the richest soil in differ rtt fi<*id*, which had for ago* boon ma ure<l at infield.) a gowi dose of litne ? rom the newly-limed land, liia rcturOi cro fully oquaj to his expectation*, ant really superior to those from the riches iota that hud received no lime. Boinj nry desirous to ascertain how long tht mod land would maintain its superiority o kept both the limed and unlimsd undei le same mnnngement in every respect uring hi* first lease of twenty.one yours; ud ho can affirm, that at the end of thnl sriod, his crops upon the limod land were )unlly good, and as much superior tc lose of tho unliincd lond, as they were t the commencement thereof. Having ot a new lease of that farm, he proposes ying lime upon every spot of ground thai as not limod formerly, being convinced tat ho has been a considerable loser by is experiment. I low long therefore (he Tocts of lime may last, he will not lake pon himself to foresee ; but he can safely iy? (hat there is land upon his brother*! ropcrty at Wooden, that was liincd by is father upwards of thirty yonrs ago, here the e fleets of the lime, upon every rop, i.re still as apparent as when it was rst laid on the land. It is proposed, in discussing this subject, >ry shortly to explain (lie following par. rulnrs: 1. Tho soils to which lunn i> plicablc ; 2. The distance from which has been carried; 3. Tlio quantity tod ; 4. The best inodo of slacking ; , The common modes of application; i Tho plan of top dressing the surface; , Tho price; 8. The use of pounded mcstone; and, 0. The causes which ay occasion its failure. 1. This manure is certainly well cnlilaled for clay lands. Some recommend ying on a certain quantity of it, to the uoiitit of'20 UolU ol shells, or 1*20 hushs to Hie Scotch, or 00 to the Knglisli ire, and as hot as possible, every lime o land is fallowed. This plan, howovcr, -objected to from respectable authority ; id it< is eaiilended, that no sinull u qtian ly qI lime shells is quite unlit for alimu. ting any kind of soil, except where it is a dry mufrish nature, and not .formerly ncd. To lime land every time it is in How, seems unnecessary, inore especial, if a sutRaient quantity wore applied (he lirst instance.;? From 00 to 70 irley bolls per Scotch acre, or from 390 420 bushels per Scotch, that is, from i6 to .'jirfl bushels per English acre, are mntilics frequently givon in Kant Lolliii. in regard to loams, if they uro in iod condition, ami in good heart, pcrips liming once in the course of two ro. tiond will be sutficicnl It is a rule, rwever, in regard to the .application oi ne, and other calcareous manures, that icy should only he upplied to land in a y state, and well drained. 2. It is astonishing tho distnnco from hich lime is carried in some onrts oi collund. Mr. Uluckie, of llolydcnn, in nxhiirghshro, drives it twenty.two miles, id the carriage, when hired, is 75. Gel. :r hull of shells. In the parish of Moffat, here of late considerable improvements ivu been carried on, and corn, turnips, id clover, raised in great perfection, 1001) el above the level of the sua, tho lnno is irriej from Douglas, at twenty-seven :id thuty miles distance. It is sometimes irriud on thu borders, hut in no grcnt lantity, about thirty, or even Ihirty-iwe nlos ,|| and in Aberdeenshire, it is driven nit di^tHiico inland, after being imported otn Sunderland. 3. The quantity used varied much. It evident that strong deep soils require n reutcr quantity than those which arc glit and shallow. Baron Hepburn is ol jjiiion, that it should be npplted frequent. r, nnd in small quantities at a time, esjcially on gravolly bottomed loams, hicti aro apt to become too open and inhio by an over dose of limo ; by follow, ig this practice, he finds Ins crops wonjrfully improved, both in regard to quan. ty mid quality. Mr. Robertson of La ykirk stales, that bo had never seen hint *ud in too great a quantity, if the land i judiciously cropped ; if otherwise, it ill ultimately hurt thu soil. Ho has laic a no less n quantity than 100 bolls ol tells, 4 Winchester bushels each, pet inglish aero, mid frequently with muuil iccesn. On dry fresh land n leas quanti r will do. Mr. Illuckin of Holydoar nnsidcr* sixteen holla of shells, en sucl ind, a auflicienl dressing. Dr. Coventry i of opinion, that in general, about 0 torn funslackcd or newly.burnt lime, of nine t or ninety.live per cent, of purity, inaj 0 sufficient lor tho statute acres of hint tnl bus never boon limed ; hut if lh< mo he impure, a greater propurt on wil t Mr. John Shirreflf remarks, that to specify i nantity for all lurids is impossible, so much dc suds upon the depth and qualit y of the soil; ale 1 the quantity of culcareoufl matter, either |>r< musty applied or originally in tho soil. f) Communication from George Patcreon, Eer ' Castlo-lluntly. U Communia ition from Mr. Walker of Mellcr IMIV * ' * i i " i - a * titfft t ir ' !'.* r? U ho requisite. Several intelU^fehtTeribere e ?fd o? opinion, that net less than WorJO . bolls of time ahoMs per acre, should !)# laid s on a strong clay soil, and that thiaquan tity, arith judioious croppiog, will be sufli eicnt for a lease of nineteen or tvaentyI ono years. ? : w ? i Thn information transmitted to iMbv 1 Mr. Wnlkor of Mellendoan upon thissub jflct, is of poculinr importance, aa he .has limed perhaps more land than any>ind?. vidual in the whole island, and to the s com ao of thirty years has tried various exI perimenls in regard to tho quantity that t should he applied per acre. On nowly ' broken.ttp land from old turf, he hag laid 5 on from 20 and 20 to 40 and 45 boils of . shells, of 4 Winchester bushels each, per r English acre. On light and thin (out. Held) soils, the crop on that part of the I field that* was limed at the rate of 20 and I 25 bolls per acre, was as rough, and ap? > pcarcd equally good, with the crop on tho ? land that had reccivod 40 bolls per acre; i but when it came to be thrashed out, the ! groin was found very inferior in qunnti* > tv. and still more so in aunlitv. Unon ?r ' % *7 "* " 1 " I 1 clay Reilat the effects of the lime* where I n smalt quantity was laid, were hardly ' discernible ; while that part of Iho held i that received 40 and 45 bolls produced nn > abundant crop. Finding the produce of ' Iho land that was limed with a small quani tity so very inferior, ho laid on, (when ' the land came to be rcJallowed). 20 or 25 . bolls more, the effects of which were nov. ' cr perceptible. Ho is therefore decidedly i of opinion, that every kind of soil should have a good doso at onco, in which case i lie considers no repetition to be necessary ' for a long time after; but if repeated at > all, the second liming should be consider* > ably greater than tho first, which seems ! to bo tho general opinion of tho Scotch farmers. As to repeated liming in small r quantities Mr. Walker it} convinced, that whatever is laid out in that way, after tho I first doso, is so much money thrown i away. He can givo no slrungor proof, of his conviction in that respect, than his practice upon the farm of Rutherford.? i He entered to that farm in Juqts 1803. and since that tiine hns gono over rigid hundred and fifty acres; and though a gront part of it consists of a light dry soil, and the lime has to bo carried twenty-four or twenty-five miles, consequently at a j?reat expense, yet on no part of the farm has ho luid less than 40 hulls of shells, or 210 Winchester bushels per English acre, and on many places fully 50 bolls. Nothing, in hi* opinion, assimilates tho pro. duce of outfield, to that of infield land so much, ns a good dose of lime laid on at onco. The conscqucncq of this Hming has been, tho most prnductivo crops, of every description, to bo seen in all that neighborhood. Mr. Aitchison, of Clement's Welts, also lias found that lime answers every purposo he could wish, in promoting the improvement ot his estate in Peebles shire, where the climate is cold and moist. He began to i.-nprove that property in 1800, i :_ /\ .i i *o* i I? i 1 i.i-i ? i* nun in ucuuur, ion, lit: iiiiu lam oil u, 10,380 bolls, or 62,310 Winchester husheld. Hid ridget nre 18 feet broad ; and according to (he quantity ho wishes to put on per acre, his overseer has tiio following table to conduct the operation. If it is proposed to lay on 25 bolls per ncro, betwixt each heap, of ono tir. lot each, thero ought to be a distance of 30i foot. 1 If 33 bolls, .... . 24* 35 do. .... .22 40 do 10 ' 45 do 17 And in the same proportion ns high ns 1 50 bolls. He never puts on less than 25 bolls, or 150 bushels of shells, per Scotch, 1 (130 bushels per English ncro,) nod on heavy land ho has gone the length of 70 1 bolls. Tho day the lime conies the Held, a man follows the carts, and covers 1 it up immediately with eurth, by which, I generally in a few days, it is reduced to \1 powder. When in that state, it is spread on the land. After trying several other ' j methods, this was found to he the best.? j The improvement effected by lime on 1 I that property has beon very greut. ' 4. The slacking of lime completely is * a most important operation. The common mode is, to lay it in heaps from tho kiln ' upon the ground intended to bo liincd; ' but this, although tho most expeditious, is 1 1--- iL. A - I wy no mcnna 1110 most auvn niagcous me. ' thod. In the first place, if the lime is nut 1 all of the same quality, (which is seldom ' tho case,) the best lime commonly dt#1"lven ' first, and the inferior quality continues ; unslncked; so that it must either be spread ' 1 in that stuto, or the good hrno must lie ' allowed to receive too much moisture, or 1 again to re.nbsorb its lixeri air, both of 1 which should lie prevented.. The best ' mode of slacking, is to lay down tho shells * in o heap near to wntcr, nnd by onco turn. * ing anil watering the whole mass, it is f reduced to a conipleto powder; in which i atato it should ho applied to tho soil, and L' ploughed in immediately with a shallow ' furrow, when there is no douht but it will mix more intimately with the soil, than a by tho formor methml.1T This plan, how. ever, is attended with an ndditionul ex0 panto of considerable magnitude. The necessity of slacking calcined lime, as soon after it is burnt as possible, in ob. I- vinu*. If any sudden ruin should fall, it i- f Communication from Mr. Rdinic of t!j. i UIOMt. I? Ijw * after if hnarbeeit wKS^^^^^ySR ?lL it fie* (Uk Oprmfcd mm ikmiSSSOmf the field, U 0rt4?iw6irwWfB^W# insoluble* callwk, awdwadyf slehs j?ni?lk xlnta ?mr yeirn#?fitk?o?t jWi dhrt?iilli?l mm b?ing .0***100*. I*a*fl(t* IW4I. /M the course or repented | l iftfr Patfbrson, of CsfetfeimeM?i pieces of-herd Im?? come op. mm imiiftthbo . ?s if they..had^eo?pieac*rf??^ilM?ilifc<r kg. i ;4 -V>1 :?i > .r't Considering those oircuaietaneds,! kra^ much pleased tor fied, tbst .a jfxts b*4b boon discovered by Ms. Ned Ktdliogel, * Pifo, which obviates those <hflMn?a i His plait is, to. Isydhocsicthedtime nbfa on any thick head-ridge of ?r?od jHrlkt within the field where it is to baappU?*t and tho instant it is so, two mop ore ready, to innko up a compost of tha liwo sheds and earth; throe cert-loads of earth (a ono enrt of shells, raised to s ridgo j**gi I and narrow, fivo foot high, that rain fear, not enter it. The moisture in the earfla slacks or roducoa tho lime k) a powder; it ' swells to n considerable bulk, and then all cracks und openings are closed with,it* spado, and a little ninrc oarth put o?r*s the* , whole. In this way, ho has had il Ire*. qucntly mixed up for six mouth*, and isk ono particular instance .fifteen nraathft. before it was carted nway* nn.dyet whjen, carried on to tbo luBd end spread, life! whole moss put on tho oppoqraiifopfwbij.9, lime, flying with ih?,.?*-uirf,JWrt/j from tho kiln, Thi* mode bo means a)*, ways to follow, being cerlniu of iff a4v*/H *, tagc. It enn he niixed.ns inUmwtoiywith tho soil as if new from tho kilo, apd fee ha* had crop? fmm it, in t.hi%>yny, superior t*, nn equal quantity of hot iitTw^f h^b iined, w ithout dung. Tho nnujicutuw common, ly is to the mummer-fallow : bo has also applied it to pasture, quite hot, and in compost as above described, and (bund both to answer well : hut the time oTap. plica(ion was July,, ami (ie sopn round, that it ought to lie ai loast onto ycer dr moro before tho field was ploughed. ' Vi Mr. Rutlingal having usetl from 500 fe 100 bolls per annum, for several yeaht, hie experience may be confidently relied on.' He remarks, that lime, if exposed to rain,' or even to frost, and slacked like mot-tar,' loses luilf its effect ; no caro cau then mix it intimately with tho soil, lira Igtnlj is wet, and often when the lithe is driven unfit (or carting upon tho Afcld, nof dto I ho ridges prepared for spreading tho tube; without having fallon upon such a ptnh, therefore, he could never have used ' Jlmu* to equal advantage. lie adds, thbt1* htV intelligent neighbor of his, bring* hi? limo from tho kiln, lays it in small he* pe, about a firiot of shells in each heap, or four heaps per boll, on thd fallow ; cover* those instantly with earth,- whk?h*ehlCk* tho lime, and when It is completely no, Ira spreads it in powder, quito hot, on the fatlows, and ploughs.it in with a 3light fhr*> row. *I*his saves labor and cxpens?, We never uses wator in slacking time, aadlhtf effects of his practice nro Ccry good1? tfitt earth, or rather the moisture in it,< alack* (lie limo most completely,and novate* is necessary.j i nis is an excellent prac* ticc, and very common in many conn lies: and m^ny intelligent farmers prcforitto the other plah, which they think WOnldbo attended with too much expense to bo generally imitated. ' At the some time* an intimate mixture with the soil is or the utmost importance in the application of lime; any plan that contributes to that object merits attention. 4. Mr. Dudgeon, of I'rirr.roee-HMI, con* aiders it to be the most ndvswtageoue mode, of applying lime, to lay it os in t powdery stnlc, upon ground whew under siimmer fallow, before tho fallow receives (ho Inst furrow, nnd then to mix it inti* mately with the soil, by harrowing before it is ploughed in. In regard to linking fellows, Mr. Rennio of Hhantsssie observes, that it is the most proftlable modn of application, it it is laid on st e proper arasoio. lie has been in tho practice, for those ten yenrs past, of laying lime on his tallows, from tho 1st of April to the 1st of Octo* her, nnd alvvnys found, that the'first laid on produced the host crops, which ha ascribes to its being more raiwutbly mixed with tho soil, by/: > tho more numerous ploughing* and borrowings, and of course tho fcrmentntion more complete, Ihau what is laid on late in the season t June and June and July, therefore, are te be preferred, so (hat ths-lime may be completely mixed with the soil before the crop i %*' t\ * Thin is an important feet, it '^Wig groermlty supposed that when inserted fc, Uw form of hot lime, in u stale of perfect powder, its effects em guatr and mora immediate than an any other way. Uy Mr. Hjilingars plan, tiio lime Can bo earricd to (lie tiold in aulumn, or evon in Srinter, which, though on oid practice, could not to done with equal safety, as under the proposed system. t A correspondent contends that Ume ia beat laid on the land in amsll heaps, and immediately covered with oarth, which in a damper moist season slacks or falls it ; but he frequently puts on water from a water cart, which stacks it directly, and it is immediately spread in that quiek state, harrowed, and ploughed in, when it mixes most intimately with the soil. Lime should be in pons, di-r, ami the land in a po-.vdcr.liks stntry wime tt?i? laid on. . > i .*rx * Obrt I t w