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ii-wm ?w?m&w nwrmmwmm* VOLUME VII CHU.RAW. SOU i'H-CAKOLINA, WEDNESDAY, JANUARY la, 1842 NUMBER 9tf . ??. .? 9 r: r * 'j-1 ,,? i 1 1 ' ? ssgasBEasggaa* By IV. in AC LEA*. T?**?:?Published weekly at three dollars* year; with an addition, when not paid within three months, of twenty per cent per annum. Two new subscribers may take the pnpor at I fire dollars in advance; ami ten at twenty. ; Four subscribers, not receiving their papers in town, may pay a year's subscription with ten dollars, in advanco. A year's subscription always duo in advance. Papers not discontinued to solvent subscriber* in arrears. Advertisements not exceeding IB linos inserted or ene dollar the first time, and fifty cents each wbssqucnt time. For insertions at intervals of two w?eks 75cents alter the first, and a dollar if the intervals are longer. Payment due in ; advance for advertisement*. When the number j f insertions is not marked on the copy, the < advertisement will be inserted, and charged til srdernd out. TTThe postage must be paid on letters to the : 1 editor on the business of the office. j i ' '~A*iikxw&i>&ipgk4fee" i, BKKKlCtO AND TIKATMKNT OP HOR1KS. ) 7b (lie Editor* of the. Culticator :? i1 Your correspondent W. B. From North j C arolinn. rxpri>? n a i*h tv at some I: extended remark* on the best manner of ^' treating irark and travelling horses;" and you a?k some of your correspondents to 1 reply to hix iniquiry. To do so fully would require a book or pamphlet of a considerable size. But the subject i* w highly important to all who own horses j 7 and particularly to those, of whom there arc many who know little or nothing of their pmpor treatment: I will, therefore,; oiFer a few remarks in the hope that some j of your correspond?rits who are belt, r j qualified than ( am, may he tempted by ; ..<r?? 1 . ?; vi.. nk?, I Ill V I'liwn^ III nmni u*- u^'ii ?. ?? ? wik>v. i vations will consist ehiatiy of directions ' condensed from works published in . England, under the supervision of the 8ocietv for the Di/Fusidn of Knowledge. The first is entitled u The Horse," and i*byf?r the best treatise I have ever read in regard both to the theory and , practice of the veterinary art; no farmer j should be without it. The second was j only published last year, and is called : ** Outlines of Flemish HusbandryIt j contains many very useful directions as i to the management of farm, horses, the j correetsnes* of which, as well as of those 1 in the Horse Rook, none could fail to j perceive, if I had room to present the r a boms fur them, togetuer with the directions of themselves. To begin with the stable. This should be ao constructed that its temperature during spring, summer, and fall, should Ih: very nearly the ?nine a* that of the open air; and in winter, not more than 10 do. gree.s above that of the external atinospliere. The size recommended a* best, is (in the proportion for six horses) 40 feet 1 long. 13 or 14 wide, and 12 feet high, if J a loft is made to it, in which case there should he a plastered ceiling, to prevent the hay from being scented by the exhai- 1 ations of the stalls and floor. The whole stable, especially the stalls, should he kept as clean as practicable, by frequently changing the beds and strewing plaster of df Paris on those spots. where the urine falls. This not only prevents its otfensivc ??dor. by combining with it ammonia. hut thereby forms one of the most powerful of all the new manures yet discovered. The floor of the stalls should he sloped barely' enough to drain off* the urine not abstracted by the litter and plaster of Paris, since a level position for the hordes' feet is the most natural, and consequently best for the muscles and sinews of their legs and ankles. Light is quite as essential to the soundness of your horses'eves, as pure air is to the health of his body* Rut it should h" let in through glazed windows, and open gratings, which serve also as ventilators, under the caves of the roof. No openings should he made, either under the mangers, or opposite, or just above the j horses heads, as partial streams of air of- , ten prod lies colds, with all their had con- ! sequences in horses; especially if they are put up in such stables immediately j after being much heated, and before they I are rubbed dry. A glaring light, however, should always be avoided, since horses caa neither rest, nor sleep, nor fatten so well in Mich light, as in that which is moderate. ? ? a.. ? . llnaer the heart ot "grooming, it t* ro- j commended to treat farm horse* different, i rl from those kept for the saddle and carriage. The farm horse which is j worked hard all day, nnd turned out nt ; night, requires little more than to have the <fa*t brushed off from his limbs, since the dandruff or scurf which is removed by the curry-comb, is a provision of nature to defend him from the wind and the cold. Rut if generally stabled, then currying, brushing, and rubbing are necessary. These operations are indispensable to a* saddle and carriage horses; and should a). wava be performed in the open air when the weather permit*. They open the pore* of the skin, end in circulating the blood, in augmenting free, healthy, insenaible perspiration. aerve instead of exorrise, when that cannot he taken. Moreover, it regularly and carefully performed, with a plenty of good food in which two or three tahle-apoons full of brown sugar i* occasionally mixed, they will secure that fine, glossy, dappled coat, to attain j which, the health, and not unfroquently ! the life, of the horse issacrified, by keeping him covered up with blankets. Care #hould be taken in using both the curry, comb mad brush, especially when new, not to applv them roughly, particularly to horse*that have tender skins,-and fine, thin hair. For nil such the curry-comb is hardly necessary, if they are well rubbed, and dressed with a soft brush and haircloth. Horses which are constantly stabled, should be moderately exercised for two hours a day, when the weather permits, if you would keep thern perfectly healthy. This, however, should depend somewhat on their age, as a young horse requires more exercise than an old one, Bat for neither should it he violent, when given for health,* nor should the horse ever he put up until he is cool. The whip or spur should never be used for any fault but dullness or obstinacy, although it is very common to do it both for starting and ?tuinbling. both of which are certainly iggravated by it, and thereby Ihe rider punishes himself, in the end, much more than he does his horse. In fnc.t, harsh, cruel treatment to horse? succeeds ns4badly as it does with children; and all who are so brutal and inhuman as to he guilty of it. deserve well to become its victims: neither whip nor spur would be had rem. tidies for thtir detestable tempers and habits. It is common, immediately after hard wo king or travelling in hot weather, to wash horses all over, or swim them in water much cooler thun their skins or the atmosphere. This praotieois very dangerous, often producing colds, fevers, and not (infrequently* fatal chronic complaints, unless the same exercise is speedily repented. Ewn the paitial application of verv cold water to parts of the body, or the head, or the legs, when the horse is much heated, should he avoided; for his appearing to he gratified by it is no more a proof that it is good for him. thnn the manifest gratification of a sot in dramdrinking, after having been drunk, is proof that he is benefitted thereby. The poor horse which knows no better, experiences present relief, at the expense of future suffering that he is incapable of anticipating, or brute as he is, he would probably reject it. Rubbing in the shade and lending the horse about at intervals, constitute thu proper treatment both for farm and other horses, when much distress?*J by severe work of any kind. But all precautions to preserve the health arid vigor of your hor-es will prove unavailable, unless you pay equai attention to the kind and quality of their tood; (he manner of feeding them, and also of giving them water. To enable either farm or other horses to render the utmost service of which they are capable, thev should be fed wholly no dry food, the grain and long forige to be old and sound, the first of which should he ground, and the latrer chopped in nil cases where practicable. For saddle and carriage horses under hnrd and constant usage, on Is arc better than Indian corn,and that is preferable to every other grain. The blades also, when well cured, are better than any other kind of long forage, as they contain more saccharine matter. When cither farm or other horses' arc much heated, and great haste is indispen sable, no other food should be given thorn than a hand full or two of old corn or oatmoal stirred into a few quarts of soft wa. tor, with a little salt dissolved in it. Before this is given, let their nostrils, inside and out, be cleansed by a sponge or rag wet with vinegar and water, if the former can he piocured, if not, with water alone. Altera very hard ride or travel in harness, the horse should he suffered to swallow, before any thin# else is done to him, if time and weather permit, rather than to he led immediately into ti stable to be cleansed and cooled. Manger feeding with ground grain and chopped long forage, is now very generally preferred in England and Belgium, as well ashy the best judges in our own country, to the old fasioned, most wasteful way of giving unground grain in mangers, and unchopped fornge in racks. ? ? i L 4 Tnese last are disused every wnere, om in a Tew places for green grass; and in Inn of the rack, wide, deep mangers nre adopted, with small iron or wooden bars fastened across them, to prevent the horses from throwing out their food. In England the inost common food for farm horses consists of a mixture of bruised oats, beans, and ehatf, in the proportion ofeight pounds of oats, which nre equal to about live quarts, (their oats hcing a lew pounds heavier per bushel than ours,] two pounds of beans, with twenty ofchatf Thirty.<lve or six pounds of such food i.? the day's allowance for medium sized horses while at work, and forty pounds of it for large horses. Such is the com. inon allowance during winter, when th? horses are constantly stabled. Rut from the end of April to the end of July they are usually turned out at nigiit, and the whole of rest davs. Other kinds of food, however, are much used bv small farmers such as barlev. unmerchantable wheat, > beans, peas, sweedish turnips, carrots, and potatoes with grasses of various* kinds but very little oats or rye. In Belgium the chief* food of their farm h or sea consists of green clover in summer, and roots with cut straw in win. ter, A few oats are occasionally given, but not in 30 regular a planner as to give great muscular strength. They usual!) go to work as soon as it is light, continue ? & at it until ten, then rest and feed until two or three o'clock, when they resume and continue their labor till six or seven. In harvest time they work from daybreak 1 until evening, resting only a few hours ' in the heat of thedav. A pair of hows 1 with one plough are allowed for every 40 1 acres of arable land, the whole of which, ( on an average, is ploughed twice and , harrowed three times; besides this thev * 0 J cart fodder and manure, and do the har. ] vest work. Both in Belgium and Eng. ( land, they are rnoicrately watered before < and after feeding. When not worked, < water is given them three times a day, I and always otthe softest kind, M,hen it < can be procured. In ordinary travelling * also, a liberal supply of such water is ' strongly recommended to be given, a lit. 1 tie at a time, which prevents excessive J thirst, and the consequent drinking to 1 i excess. This is very dangerous, especi. I .llir a knpiia rr.ii/.K kofttpH. PltllPClftllV if t Ill r III ?* mnnc J .. the water be very cold. In addition to the foregoing condensed j remards, taken chieflv from the two ex* I cellent works already mentioned, permit j me now to offer auch information as I , I have derived from other* and from mv , own long experience as an owner of eve- ^ rv kind of homes but the race horse, in | regard to the best mode of managing the.se most useful animals in our own ( country. I will abegin (as the saying is) at the beginning." Colts should always he weaned before j the grass is generally gone, and should be put into some enclosure where they | cannot hurt themselves. Their dams should he stabled for a few days, and milked if their hags swell much. Those colts should never he stabled until broke, ( nor much after that before they are full grown. But they should have well covered shelters, open to the south, under which to protect themselves from bad weather. Plenty of good corn, fodder, | or hay in winter, and grass when it come*, and n? long as it lasts, will keep them whilst unhroke, in a henkhv, growing condition, which is far better than keeping them very fat to force their growth be. vend what is natural; for overgrown horses, like overgrown men, rarely, if ev. er, have hardihood, vigor, and activity in proportion to their size. In fact, very large horses aro objectionable for all pur. poses, except slow and heavy drafts. The gentling of colts should commence soon ufter they are foaled, and continue until they are hacked. Freipient hand, j ling, occasional salting or feeding them! : out of your hand, and stroking their necks | are nil good practices. From two to j three years old they should be accustomed j by degrees to the saddle and bridle ; a I light snaffle is l>est. Thus treated, tho | breaking becomes so easy, that they will i rarely play any tricks, and may be soon | taught even to stand fire, by shooting off j a. gun or a pistol for a few dnys, just as ; they commence-eating. In a word, nnij I'ormly kind, gentle treatment by their ! master, will always make such good, do. I rile, gentle horses, that they will often | follow him like his dog, and will manifest j equal regard for his person. All the general directions for the Ireat. j ment of horses in England will suit quite as well for the horses of our own country. . Hut the articles of food being somewhat j different with us, I will now add a few j .emorks on that subject. In most of our >' states, the chief lood for horses is Indian j corn and the fodder thereof. Both are ! usually fed away in the most careless, ex. j fravagant, and wasteful manner?the : corn being given in the ears, and the I fodder in bundles, which are thrown un. ! tied into the horse-racks or on the ground. | Much then, is wasted by being trampled j under foot, nnd so dirtied that the borne reject* it, whilst many of the grains of corn pass through bis body undiges;ed, and of course render him no service whati ever. He also loses all the benefit of the cobs, which ha rarely eats when whole, although they make an excellent : j food, if ground up with the grain. This j mode of feeding is much the most gene. ! ral, notwithstanding it has been indisputably proved by actual and numerous experi men ts, that to give the corn and cob ground together, which is called rob hominy, nnd fodder chopped in a cutting box. not only saves more than enough to pay the extra expense of grinding and cut. ' ting, but actually keeps the horse in a | hotter condition than the same quantity 1 j of corn and fodder given in the usual way. Moreover, it is a cheaper food ! than any other of which grain, either whole or crushed, forms a part. Take oats for example, which are the most i common, where corn is not used, nnd let { us estimate the farmer at forty and the i latter at sixty cents a bushel, which I think a fair general average in the stntes wherein corn is a staple crop. Now as only half the cob hominy is grain, the mixture will cast only thirty cents a bushel, and is generally deemed fully ' i ..AimI in mitritivn niinlilii-M tn M bushel of I " M" . -1 - I I oat#. If (liege also be crushed, we must i add about four cents to their cost, and 1 the difference between the two kinds of ground food, (the chopped fodder being , the same in both casca.) will be about 14 i rents per bushel, in fqyor of cob-hominy. Suppose theq, thqt qne gqllpn, thw tjmea . a day, is enough, as experience hjis ( #; 01 ti proved it to be, for an ordinary sized i horse, with eighteen or twenty bundles of ! fodder, the saving in one week, bv feed-! ing with cob-hominy, will he a fraction ! river thirty-six cents, or nearly nineteen dollars a year for each horse, which is the annual interest of rather more than 9315. Yet not one in a hundred of us ever thinks of saving it I Few southern ami western men who are "well off" (as the laying is,) keep less than three or four liorscs thai do no fnnn work, and this they do at an additional yearly expense, when i wtts and tinchopped fodder are their food, nf 57 dollars for three, and 76 dollars for four horses, rather than he at the small trouble of having their fodder chopped, ind their ears of corn ground into cob iiominy. Ten or twelve poor children might br annually schooled for that sum. For horses that are often hard ridden and rapidly travelled, oats are generally deem?d hotter than corn, as less heating; hut a greater quantity of them must be given, in the proportion of about one and a half gallons of oats to one of corn at each feed. Undei1 such usage, green food <hould never he given if avoidable. But when the horse can rest for a few days lome may be allowod him, in small qunnritipa. hv wrsv of medicine. Anv kind of gran* that a horso will eat. may answer the purpose, but lucerne and clover of the first cutting are deemed be*??the sec. und always salivate*?an effect, by the way. for which no cause, I believe, ha* yot been di*covered. Presupposing that a horse haft plenty of wholesome food and proper grooming, if you would give him a liner coat than these alone can produce, let half a pint of sound wheat or a small hanofull of brown sugar be mixed with his food, about once in every six or eight days, for a few weeks, and the object will be attained far better thnn by blanketing, which always makes him more liable to take cold, when exposed to had weather, a* he sometimes must necessarily be. On long journeys, in hot weather, give your horse a double feed at night; in the morning travel 15 or 20 miles before you feed him again, then do it lightly and after he is cool. Give a few quarts of soft water j both before and after hi* food, then resume J your journev and go fifteen or 20 miles farther. Thjg will enable you to stop early every evening, without any night riding, and will give both yourself and your horse a long rest to recruit your strength. If your horse he sound, you may thus travel him hundreds of miles without danger of hi* failing. Farm horse* may be kept in good order at much less expense; for they may he fed, id hen unemployed. upon anv of the roots which it is custom.irv to give th-m in England, in addition to these, we have the pumpkin and its varieties, all of which nre good food for horses, but the seeds should always ho taken out. as they are powerfully diuretic. If such fond he at first rejected, hor?es may soon he taught to eat it. hv mixing a little salt with it, and offering them nothing else for a few days. To this should be added, a* soon a* they will eat such mixture, from thirty to forty pounds of chopped provender. for every twenty four hours, and this may ho made either of well.cured corn top#, blades, hay wheat, oat. or rye straw, or chaff. Corn shucks (which is the southern name for tho covering of the ears.) answer well to mix when chopped up, with the roots or pumpkins; if they are salted as they are put up. nnd kept dry. Another very good long forage pe. miliar to our country, consists of Indian pea-vine. These make excellent food for farm horses, if exposed to the sun un* til they are somewhat wilted, then stack, ed in alternate layers with the straw of either wheat, rye, or oats, and oach layer sprinkled with salt, as they are stacked. Thus fed and protected from had weather by warm shelters, open onlv to the south, and well covered with any kind of thatch, or corn tops, or loose straw, farm horses mav be kept healthy and in good order throughout the Southern states, without their owners incurring the expense of wooden or brick stables foi them. Stalls, however, should he made for thein under .the shelters, with divisions high and close enough to prevent their fighting, and in those they should he tied while eating. Their mangers or troughs should be wider and deeper, than when racks also are used, although they never should he, or ? ?:?I ' II 1.17V nosuer* will UU Kiiru w avnu muniselves of them, if not clonely watched When put to constant farm work, horses should hive only dry food, three times a day. Ii may consist either of bran, shorts, cob.hominy, ground rv?? oats, broom corn, or oats mixed with chopped stuff* in the propoitions already mentioned?that is, ibout thirty.five pounds for horses of common size, and forty pounds for the Inrgest. But after the press is in plenty, and as long as it lasts (if it does not shli. vate.) they may he turned out of niphts and rest-days, although if your pastures are large, more time is lost, every mom. ing in catching them and petting ready for work, than would amply compensate, if spent in farm labor, fur the expense rtf keeping thorn up, especially should you have any grass to give them a mode* rate quantity in l?eu of a portion of their dry fo??d. To fatten a horse rapidly, his fodder ?r hay should always he chopped and steam, ed, before it is mixed with the meal of ejtbff porn, oats, or iy<o and w much should be gifren him, three trim* a day, a> he will eat without leaving any. Give him also salt hlone as often as he tfift ent it, and soft water at least thrice * day, hut always with some meal of either of the above mentioned grains stirred up with if. A small quantity of ground Indian peas will add much to the nutritive propertit s of his food; and thus treated, with moderate daily exerciso, in go?>d weather, the process of fattening will soon bo completed, provided the horse be in good health at the eommencernerfL I fear that some of Vour readers perhaps, may deem the foregoing details relative to horses, more minute than they need be, and possibly may think me somewhat officious in giving thein. But should thcv be disposed thus to condemn me. I must beg them to recollect before they pass sentence, that all f have written on the subject has been communicated at the request of yourselves and one o." your correspondents. It is true that this request whs made to your contributors generally. and therefore it was not my special business to comply with it. Still I have ventured to make the attempt, and should it bring me into any scrape, I hereby give you and your North Carolina friend fair notice that I shall call upon you both lustily for help. If either of you should want farther information in regard to horses, let me strongly recommend to you the work on " The HorW for in addition to all that I have said, von, l i ' will tinu a prescription for all (heir diseases, and directions for correcting every fault which can he corrected. farx-yabd jtatfvks. The manure commonly furnished by the farm-yard is compounded of a mixture of animal substances, ot the putrefying straw of various descriptions of grain, mixed with the feces, and urine of cattle, bor9es and swine.?The mixture forms no new substances neither doe* the putrefaction which ensues add 1 to the bulk of toe dung; on the contrary, ! it causes a considerable loss of weight' There have been many arguments and I much difference of opinion among cultivator*, with regard t? the advantages of employing dung in a fresh or in a putrid state; anil, as is too often the ease, both parties have run into extremes, the one side contending for the propriety of employing it fresh from the farm yard, the other contending that it cannot well he too rotten. The mode employed hy.,Mr. Coke i* the medium between these erro. neous practices; he found that the e'mplovment of the fresh dung certainly made tne dung go much farther; hut then a multitude of the seeds of various weeds | were carried on to the land along with I the compost; He has therefore, since used his manure when only in a half put trified st ile, called short dung by farmers; and hence, the seeds are destroyod by the effects of the putrefaction, and dung still extends much farther than if suffered | to remain until quite putrefied, j Putrefaction cannot go on without the I the presence of moisture ; where water is | entirely absent there can be no putrnfac tion; and hence, many far merit have ad. j apted the practice of pumping the drain, j age of their farm, vard* over their dung heaps; others invariblv place them in low damp situations. This liquid portion cannot he loo highly valued by the culi tivotor. The soil where a dunghill, has laid in a field is always distinguished by a rank luxuriance in the succeeding crop, even if the earth beneath, to the depth of six inches, .m removed and spread with the dunghill. The controversy, too, which once so keenly existed, as to the state of fennentai tion in which dung should he used on the land, has now pretty well subsided. There is no doubt hut that it cannot he applied more advantageously than in as fresh a { state as possible, consistent with the at. j tainmcnt of a tolerable clean husbandry, ! and the destruction of the seeds of weeds, i grubs, &c? which are always more or I less present in farm.vard dung. These ' a.i.L !< hu Oiinpuliflnilull from | nrc HIC? 'llll v r V I in ill a|f|7i\,uvnu*? ? (he desirable employment of this mnnnre in the freshest state; for otherwise the loss of its most valuable constituents commences as soon as ever ferme.itHtion | begins. This was long since demonstia. ted by Davy, whose experiments I have often seen repeated and varied. He says, ? I tilled a large retort, capable of j containing three pints of water, with ! some hot fermenting manure consisting, ; principally of the. litter and dung of cat. | tie: I adapted a small receiver to the re. tort, and connected the whole with a mercurial pneumaric apparatus, so as to collect the condensihlo and elastic fluids which might arise from the dung. The receiver soon became lined with dew, and drops began, in a few hours to trickle down the side of it. Elastic fluid likisj wise waj generated ; in three days thirty' i five cubical inches had been formed, j which, when analyzed, were found trr I contain twentyone cubical inches of car. ' bonic acid; the remainder was hydrocnr. j bnnate, mixed with some azote, probably I no more than existed in the common air in the receiver. The fluid mutter cdkfci ted in the receiver at t!?e sume timo, nfmounfted to nearly half an ounce* It had ft saline taste, am) a disagreeable snrull, aod contained some acetate and carbonate of ammonia. Findiug <neh products given off from fermenting litter, I introduced the beak of another retort, tilled with similar dung very hot at the time; in the soil* amongst the roots of some grass in the horde* of a garden: In less than a week a very distinct effect art# produced on the grass j upon the spot exposed to the influence of the matter disengaged in fermentation, it grew witb much more luxrinnce than the grasa in any other part of the garden.w Nothing, indeed, appears at first light so simple, as the manufacture and coUec~ tion of farmyard dung; and yet tin** are endless sources of error into which the cultivator is sure to fell, if he ia not e/er vigilant in their management. Tim late Mr. Francis Blnkie( in hit valuable little tract upon the management of farm* yard manure, dwell* upon several ofthescJ he particularly/condemn* the practice "of keeping the dung, arising from different descriptions 01 animals, in separate heap* or department*, and applying them to the land without intermixture. It ihcustom| nry," he adds, to keep the fattening neat cattle in yards by themselves; and the manure thus produced is of good quality because the excrement of such cattle is richer than that of lean ones. Fattening cattle are fed with oil.cake, corn, Swedish turnips, or some other rich food, and the refuse and waste of such food, thrown about the yard, increases the value of the manure; it also attracts the pigs to the yard. Tuese root the straw and dung about, in search of grains of corn, hits of Swedish turnips, and other food, by which means the manure in the yard becomes more intimately mixed, and is proportion* ately increasec in value. The fending troughs and cribs in the ya*d should, for obvious reasons, be shifted frequently." The horse dung," continues Bltkic, -- * a "in usually thrown out at the xtanie noors, and there accumulates in large heaps. It is sometimes spread a little about, hut more generally not at all, unless where necessary for the convenience of ingrese and egress, or perhaps to allow the water to drain away from the stable door.?? Horse dung lying in such heaps, very soon" ferments, and heats to an excess; the centre of the heap is charred cr burned to a drv white substance, provincially term, ed firefangfd. Dung in this slate, loses from 50 to 75 per cent, of its value. Toe diligent and attentive farmer will guard against such profligate waste of property# by never allowing the dunjj to accttmu* late in any considerable quantity *t the stable doors. The dung from the feeding hog atyes should also he carted and spread almut the store cattle yard, in the same manner as the horse dung.*' Johnson on Manure*. CAKX OF STOCK. At seasonable times wc have spoken of the producing and gathering of hay, roots, die.; also of the im|iortance of making the barn comfortable. Without food and comfortable lodging, stock will not thrive. But these alone are not all that the farmer may profitably allow to his domestic animals. Kindness or gentleness in the general tro;>?nn<?nt nf nil nfiimala. is nuite condil. I ? > 1? _ I cive to their enjoyment and thrift; we I therefore recommend the employment of kind tone# and gentle actions towards the minutes of the barn. No matter how large your outlay of kindness, for the in* vestment will yield a good interest. The curd and currycomb, bv exciting the action of the akin, help to increaae the circulations and to give health and vigor to the animal. The cow being generally confined to the yard in winter and accustomed to hut little exercise, requires carding and ru *bing more than the ox, where exercise will open the pores of the skin and help to keep up good cirrulatinnM throughout the xvstein. And yet it is the ox, that goes into company with his owner, whose hide is rubbed down with elbow grease?while the cow, needing it more, is s?)dom thus favored. A good carding, ench morning, will he found economical food for your beast*. Let all your animals he so well littered that their bed shall be dry and comforts. hie. Sides bedaubed and wet with excrements, must be both uncomfortable and , unhealthy. Feed out your hay in small quantities at a time?the cattle relish better that which has just been put before them, than that which they hare fouled by their breath. Mix a variety of kinds together ?fresh meadow hay, salt marsh hay, <utt or barley straw, English hay; these er whatever other ingredients you mar havo, it is often well to m?*-ftmongijly and fe*d out to the stock. Tfc4>|trnpor? tiona must oe determined bv thtftpiantity of each that is to be consumed in the course of the winter?4?ut malts your calculations so as to have the fhsitebeeems better in quality toward spring than is in mid winter. > , All hay before being fed out should fct well shajtcn up. The more the straw* each other, and the lighter they 1**0*4 ' . . I . " v