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COLUMBIA. Friday Morning, Dec. J2,1865. Adjournment ?? tia? LtgWatnre. The Legislature adjourned yesterday, about 1 o'clock, after a session of over twenty working days. We shall continue the publication of thc official Acts in a few days, and our readers can then form an idea of the business that has been done. We wish thc membere a safe rcturu to their homes. _^_ Th? Constitutional Guarantee. In that old and revered instrument, the Constitution of the United States, occurs the following clause: "The United States shall guarantee to every State in this Union a republican form of government, and shall protect each of them against invasion, and on ap? plication of the Legislature, or of the Exec? utive .when tho Legislature cannot be con? vened, against domestic violence.". Thc language of the first section of this charter is now cited by Senator Wilson and other leading radicals, to justify thc forcing of negro suffrage upon the South? ern States. Wo think, with the New York Herald, which has an excellent article on thc pretensions of the radicals in rela? tion to this point, that "their recourse to it is a' complete though unintended acknowledgment of the indestructible statehood of the States. The moment any one of thom should cease to be " a State in this Union," the guarantee would not apply to it, ana no act relating to such State could be dono under its authority. If, as many of thc radicals contenu, a State ceases to bc a State, and is no longer in tho Union when republican government is subverted therein, the gua? rantee ia futile, ceasing to be operativo as soon eta case arises calling for its prac? tical application. It is only while they re? main States in the Union that a republi? can form of government is guaranteed to them; but the guarantee hoing of perpe? tual obligation, it incontrovertibly follows that States can neither be annihilated nor cease to bc in the Union. Another remark equally obvious and in? controvertible is, that the language of this guarantee precludes thc right of governing those States from Washington. What ia guaranteed to each State in the Union is a stale government of a particular form. It is clear, thou, that in all mat? ters not belonging exclusively Lo federal jurisdiction, they are to be governed from within, not from without. When Con? gress, under pretense of guaranteeing republican government in those States, undertakes to govern them itself, it dis penseu with the very thing which it is tho purpose of tho guarantee to secure, name? ly, a separate State government for each of tho States. Every government must have its sphere of jurisdiction : but when the Federal Government takes the busi? ness of thc State Governments out of their hands and docs it for them, it dis? penses with their existence, and renders unnecessary the very thing it is bound hy the Constitution to guarantee. By the terms of tho guarantee, not only is the existence of the States made per? petual, and their right to State Govern? ments indefeasible, hut it is declared that these ftovernments must be republican in form. It is ridiculous tc call that a rcpub hean government which is created and con- j trolled by authority outside of tho State. , Republican government is seZf-govern ment ; it ia an abuse of language and an ) affront to common senso to call any State government republican which does not i spring from the voluntary action of tho peoploof tho State over whom it is exer? cised. If by the usurpation of its rulers, a monarchy, or any other anti-republican form of government, should ho established in a State, it would be thc duty of tho Fed? eral authority Lo interfere and overthrow it, loaving tho people free to re-establish any form of republican government they soe fit. Governments not republican can be forced upon a people from abroad; but a republican Igovernment, from tho ve-ry moaning of tho word, must bo created by, and responsible to, the people whoso sub? mission it dom ands. An AKSNOMKUT TO THE CONSTITUTION WAKTBU.- Thoro is a groat deal said in Congress about negro suffrage, negro equality, nogro rights, and all that, and Amendments to the Constitution aro offered to msoi tho several points. Wo have no doubt aU partios will agreo that nogroes should be on an equality with the whitos in ono respect, and that ia, that they should have the privilege of working for a living Uk* the white?. Therefore, an amendment to thr Constitution is wanted which will mai o thc niggers work. Hero is a chanco for Sumner, Wilson, Wade, Thad. Stevens, and all the r?at. The sugar plantations m Louiaiana, to say nothing of the cotton planUtion., all ovar the Mouth, are anx? iously awaiting an amendment to tho Con? stitution th?,t will roach this subject. [ Nein York Herald. Tnt friends of Marshall O. Roberts do elare that ho has been offered the New YorkL'ollectorship. MESSRS. EU ITO BS: A writer over Ute sig? nature of "Tax-payer" bas condemned, in a most summary manner, the erection of a new market, particularly the one submit? ted to the Council by the Building Com? mittee, terming it a "bird cage." Now, I have seen the plan alluded to by "Tax? payer," and proposed by tho Building Com? mittee for adoption, anti, so far as my knowledge of building goes, (and I have had some experience,) I think that no building sui table for tho purpose of a market could possibly bo more substantial. The piers are of brick, laid in limo mortar tho roof is circular, and constructed in thc strongest manner-altogether a most sub stantial and permanent budding. As tc the cost, I, also, am a tax-payer, but ?di not afraid of tho outlay, as I sec by th? plain and satisfactory report of tho archi toots, that the income to bc derive,;, ai certainly as the market ia built, wi] amount, per annum, to one-half the or: ginal outlay-a good investment, and ; fact which, if the report is published, (a it ought to be,) cadi tax-payer will se and be convinced of. Who estimated th cost of repairing the old ruins at 83,000? say it will cost as much as the new market and give no adequate return; but by carry ing emt the new plan, the city will retal in its possession a magnificent lot, nner cumbered by a useless mass of old bric! work. * ANOT1P .lt TAX-PAYER. Mi ssus. EDITORS: Inasmuch as you ba\ published an article relating to the marke over the signature of a "Tax-Payer," it : but just to other tax-payers that thc should know the whole action taken. Tho Council appointed a Building Con mittee, who advertised for bids, but wei unable to procure any in the absence i plans. t They, therefore, called upon a fin in this city to furnish them with "a plan s arranged that thc building could be addt to at any time without involving any a toration in the proposed present stru turo." Accordingly, the architects engage submitted plans, kc, together with tl following report, which, in all justico 1 the Committee of Council, wo request yo to publish: To His Honor thc Mayor and the City Con eil of Columbia, S. C. We respectfully submit the followir report upon tho new market, the drawin? for which we have prepared in accordan with thc order of your Building Coi mittee. It is proposed to locate the now buildii midway in Assembly street, cither bctwe Lady and Washington, or Washington ai Plain streets. There is more than sufficient brick the old market and city hall to supply t number required for the new buildin therefore tho only expenso will be clean! and transporting them tho distance of o square. ?. The plan is so arranged that thc btu ing can be extended uniformly to a length without remodelling. At prose we only suggest the erection of twen ' four stalls, each twelve feet square, a ; eleven tables, four feet by eight. I The stalls are so arranged that the gor J must be delivered outside, and sold insi thus bringing every transaction under t J immediate inspection of the market cle Exhibit No. 1, shows the amount ol' n terial required. Exhibit No. 2, shows the probable cc Exhibit No. 3, shows the revenue on outlay. KXlHltlT NO. 1. Bricks required, 120,000. Excavation, 70 yards. Lumber, 27,000 feet. Sashes, ri. Painting,-. Iron, 850 lbs. Roofing felt, (or shingles,) 10,000 feet porficiaL Hardware, 15 kegs of nails. Whitewashing, 5 bbls. limo, 1 keg siz EXHIBIT NO. 2. Excavating and properly grading.. $30( Bricks laid in lime mortar. 911 Lumber. 81( Sashes. 1! j Painting and glazing. IP Iron. 8 Booting felt (or shingles). 80< Hardware. 15< Whitewashing. -ii Workmanship and labor .3,00i Total cost.$G,22 EXHIBIT NO. 3. Bevenuo from rental of 24 stalls at $.-1.50 per week.$3,12 Revenue from ll tables at $1 per week . 57 $3,69 Deduct salary of market clerk, say. 00 This loaves an animal income for the outlay of $6,225 of.$3,05 Respectfully submitted, KAY fe HEWETSON, Architects ft Engined Tax-Payors can see from tho above re that tho subject has been well considi and that the committee, In recommon the erection of a new market, acted for tho interest of tho city and comma [' tho comfort and convenience of von and purchaser?, not losing sight ol important item of a return for the in mont financially. OTHER TAX-PA YE Physician* Mid Patients. MESSBS. EDITOKS: Tho Medical Society of Columbia, mot on Wednesday laet, and unanimously adopted the preamble and resolutions passed by the Physicians of Charleston,nt a meeting on tho ICth of October KsF^.lrtth this exception, that, instead of doubling, we will charge our old rates in gold, or its equivalent. You will oblige us much by publishing thc preamble, ic, as follows. It was drawn up and offered by a Committee consisting of Drs. E. Geddings, Kinloch, Robertson, Jervcv and A. Pclzer. R. W. GIBBES, Secretary Medical Society, Columbia. MEETING HF THE PBACTIB1NO PHYSICIANS. At a meeting of tho Practising Physi i cians, of the citv of Charleston and its vicinity, held October 16, 1865, at the Medical College, on motion of Dr. R. A. Kinloch, Dr. E. Horlbcck was called to thc Chair, and Dr. J. S. Buist requested to act as Secretary. On motion of Dr. E. Geddings, a Com? mittee of five wero appointed by thc Chairman to prepare business and draft resolutions for the meeting. Thc Chaii appointed the following gentlemen: Drs. E. Geddings, ?nloch, F. M. Robertson. Jervey and A. Pebter. The Committee retired, and in a short while returned and offered the following premablc and resolutions, which wer? unanimously adopted: ' Tht. Jlemoers of thc Medical Profession practising ia the cit;/ of Charleston am its vicinity, to the citizens: i Wo, thc practising physicians in thc cit} and precincts of Charlot ton, having as? sembled to deliberate upon tho a!tere< relations which the present unhappy condition of the community has establish ed between our patients and ourselves beg leave respectfully to invite attentioi to the following considerations. It has been truly remarked that tin medical profession is founded in bonevo lenee, and it will bo generally conc?d?e that no class of mon has it more in thei power to mitigate human suffering thai physicians, or kaTo exercised their deed of benevolence with moro cheerfulnes: and alacrity. But the healing art involve; other considerations. In all the relation of lifo, the general scheme of society i founded on mutual obligations. Labor i the indispensable cond'tion of our socio compact, and tho rewards of labor ar absolutely imperative, not only as a mean of happiness, but as a condition of ex istenco. As long as it was the custom in ou community to conduct the ordinary busi noes relations on a credit system, th medical profession cheerfully acceded t tho general usage, ami only called for th compensation for their services at th expiration of six or twelve months. Thi arrangement, so far as the medical practi tioner is concerned, exists in no otho country, and is both unreasonable an unjusL The lawyer expects and receive his fees when his services are rentieret The divine and thc official is secure in th periodical receipt of his salary; and th meehanic and the artizan requires to b paid when bis contract is completed. Ye the physician, whose education is the mos expensive, laborious and prolonged; whos duties are the most responsible, and whos I avocations are tho most patient, harast ing and self-sacrificing, as far as his cou pensation is concerned, is placed belo thc servant or daily laborer. Tho present altered condition of th country-the complete prostration of bus noss and of most of the industrial pursuit! together with tho destruction ot a grei part of the pecuniary resources previou: ly e.?sting, have developed a Kt ern necci sity, ' a tho part of our profession, for th total abandonment ot tho crodit systen ai 1 thc adoption of a cash basis" in a business transactions. These principh have been universally adopted and rigid enforced by all classes of tho commuai! except tho medical profession. A stei necessity now calls for the removal of th exception. All collateral resources havir been destroyed, while tho necessary e penses of living have augmented "fro live to ten fold, (all of which have to 1 paid in cash.) to enable us to provide 1" ourselves and families, an imperative du impels us to claim tho right to be plac? upon the same footing, as regards cor pensation for our services, v.ith^ otb I portions of the Community. As lnthert no ono of us will disregard any legitima de mands upon our benevolence; and whi those whose reduced circumstances rend them no longer able to bestow the ordina remuneration will lind a ready respom on application for our services, we tx ourselves justified in indulging the expc tation that all others will requite o labors promptly, when they arc renderc or at the termination of the case. Wc, therefore, respectfully submit t following resolutions as an exponent of o views and expectations: Resolved, That the necessities of o position render it imperativo upon us, the present stat? of affairs, to derna cash payment for our professional servici Those payments will bo expected at t time the services are rendered, for cases of office advico or singlo visits, a in all other cases,"as soon as the attoi anco terminates. Resolved, That whereas th? Mcdio-d F Bill established by thc Medical Society South Carolina, in tho latter part of t last century, was adopted at a timo wb tho expenue of living was at loaat throe four tunes less than tho presont oxigon requires, and was, besides, prodical upon a spocio basis, wo shall fool ourseb obliged, in our charges, to doublo tho ra therein apecilied, and to add thereto wh ever may bo tho ratos between spocio a currency. Resolved, That to facilitate tho ful mont of tho arrangenieuts above spocith tho attending physician will, as soon a caso requiring continued attendance 1 terminated, hand in a card, or momori dum, specifying the amount of his fe or furnish such m?morandum at tho c of ovory month. Resolved, That, as wo have hitho done, wo w.ll cheerfully render our servi to thojc of our patient? who have, by i calamities of the recent war, been depi ed ot their ability to pay the ordinary compensation, until such time as their abihtyto remunerate oe may be restored. Dr. R. A. Kinloch offered the following resolutions, which were unanimously adopted: Resolved, That we consider it eminently desirable, at this time, to abandon thc old practice of dispersing medicines from private offices-a custom which prevails in no other city of any size. Resolved, That thc custom now pre? valent, with our city apothecaries, of closing their places of business at an early hour in thc evening, is an evil seri? ously felt by.thc profession and the com? munity, and wo hereby respectfully urge its correction. The nuptial tie has been described as a knot fixed witn thc tongue which the teeth cannot unloose. But the teeth themselves, if beautiful by thc aid of Sozodont, are powerful agents in producing tho fascina? tion which leads to marriage. Thc charm to which this delicious preparation lends to the breath, too. has a decidedly hyme nial tendency. White teeth ana a puro breath! What heart can resist them? t BALT?IOHE, December IS.-We report the sales of 1.G00 bags of Rio coffee, at about 19Jc, gold; abo, 50 bags, at 20?c. The fruit market, is stocked, and we quote bunch raisins at $4.80; layer, $4.00: half box, $2.70. Tho Hour market continues heavy, and prices have a declining ten? dency. We report sales to-day of 1,150 bbls., at $9@$9.50. Corn meal, $1. WiT.MiNo.TON, December IC.-Thc cotton market was dull to-day, with sales of 20 bales middling, at 42?-13c. OG bbls. crudo turpentine sold, at 65c. for white, and GOc. for colored; 382 bbls. tar, at $2.25; 2 rafts of timber, at $11 per ST. Parlor and Office Stoves.? A LARGE SUPPLY, just received and for sale by A. PALMER, Corner of Assembly and Doc 22 3 Washington streets. SAUCEPANS & TEA KETTLES ENAMELED, TINNED and PLAIN, for salo by FISHER A LOWRANCE. Doc 22 2* P0TWARE ! OVENS, SPIDERS, POTS and EXTRA Lids. FISHER & LOWRANCE. Dec 22 2* Grindstones. RECEIVED TO-DAY, a lot of GRIND? STONES-all sizes. _Dec 22_2*_FISHER & LOWRANCE. NEW GOODS! AA'D CONSTANTL Y ARRIVING. LIVEitrOOL SALT. HAMS, SIDES, SHOULDERS. STRIPS, CANDLES, MACOARONI. Kits MACKEREL, STARCH. SODA, JELLIES, Ac. By J. II. CLARKSON A CO., Dec 22 1* At Clarkson A Tallev's. Fine Coffee and Sugar ! BY the sack or barrel. Also, Boyd's PROLIFIC COTTON SEED, by the bag, in quautitios to suit purchasers. Also, at a groat bargain, a fine PHAE? TON, less than half New York cost. By Dec 22 1* CLARKSON A TALLEY. NOT?OE. The State Fair Grounds Still to Rent. NOT having received satisfactory pro? posals heretofore, I propose now to rent it to some responsible person within , tho next week. Call at my office, cornor of 1 Gates and Washington streets. . ORLANDO Z. BATES, ! Chairman Committee on Streets. j ft Pilli lt. WHOLESALE DEALERS IN BOOTS, SHOES, TRI* KS, MU 2 Hay ne Street, Corner of Church Street, ? CHARLESTON, S. C., HAYING resumed business at their old ; stand, 2 Hayno street, cornor of Church street, aro now receiving a largo and well assorted stock of Boots, Shoes, Trunks, &c, Which will be sold at the lowest market I price. Tho patronage of former friends ! and tho pubhc is respectfully solicited. D. F. FL.EMTNO. S. A. NKUOX. 1. M. WILSON. I ! Dee 22_t2mo j University of South Carolina. THE G en aral Assembly of South Carolina having changed I L.the South Carolina College into ' ta University, applicants are i hereby notified that the exer- j cises mt the University will bo- ? ?in on MONDAY, the 8th January next, tudents (who must be at least fifteen year? of age) will bo allowed to select tho Departments which they wish to pursue, provided they attend tho Lectures in at least throe Schools. In corttia cases, attendance upon a loss number of Schools may bo permitted. There will bo no e/nm; nation? for admission. Applicants should present thomseiven punctually. C. BRUCE WALKER, Dec 22 f Secretary Faculty. tor Charleston Courier, Augusta Consti? tutionalist, Greenville Enterprise. Marion Crescent and Lancaster Ledger will give the above two insertions each, and forward their bills to tho Treasurer of the Univer? sity, Rev. C. Bruce Walker, at this place. Local Itoms. The Tost Office ia loen ted on Lady street, near Assembly. Mr. John S. Oreen was, on yesterday, elected District Judge for Richland Dis? trict, by thc Legislature. NIGHT SALES.-Messrs. Darbee & Waltor offer for salo, this evening, at 7 o'clock, a variety of fancy articles, Ac, suitable for Christmas presents. Here is an excellent opportunity for our young friends. FOE CHRISTMAS.-Messrs. K. H. Moise & Co., Pickens street, advertise a tine assort? ment of tire-works for Christmas. The stock embraces a largo variety. Their assort.neut of confectionery is also very fine. . ^ ^ Messrs. Townsend A North arc tho agents for thc "Field and Fireside," a literary weekly; and " The ?j?jtt/c-'(.," a monthly publication, devoted to the in? terests of the Masonic Order. As these are thc only publications cf the sort in thc South, they will, no doubt, be cxteiisively patronized. Tun NE V MARKET.-We publish, in an? other column, a communication on this subject, adverse to the views of tho writer in Wednesday's paper. ?Since the former communication was written, wc have exa? mined tho plans of thc architects, Messrs. Kay A Hcwetson, and must say that the contemplated building is anything but a "bird cage." It is to bo constructed of brick; will bo a substantial building, and tho design reflects great credit upon tho tasto and skill of tho architects. We aro convinced that thc new structure, and the removal of thc market from our pri~"ip?.l street, will have the sanction and approval of all our citizens. By reference to our advertising columns, it will bc seen that the University of South Carolina is to bo opened on the second Monday in January. Tho following are tho professors-most of whom are well known throughout the South: R. W. Barnwell, Chairman of Faculty School of History, Political Philosophy, and Economy. Prof. W. J. Rivers-School of Ancient Languages and Literature. -, School of Modern Lan? guages and Literature. Prof. M. LaBorde-School of Rhetoric, Criticism, Elocution, and English Lan? guage and Literature. Prof. J. L. Reynolds-School of Mental and Moral Philosophy, Sacred Literature, and Evidences of Christianity. E. P. Alexander-School of Mathematics, Civil and Military Engineering and Con? struction. Trof. John LeConte-School of Natural and Mechanical Philosophy, and Astro? nomy. Prof. Joseph LeConte-School of Chemis? try, Pharmacy, Mineralogy, and Geology. W. H. Orchard, Esq., was, on Wednes? day last, elected Bursar and Marshal of tho University. The appointment is a good one, as Mr. Orchard's experience, from his connection with various institutions of learning, has made him familiar with every department. His active business habits, and his amiabilit}' of temper, render him peculiarly flt for the position to which he has been appointed. NEW ADVERTISEMENTS.-Attention is call t ;d to thc following advertisements, which are published this morning for the first time: Durban A Walter-Furniture, Ac. " " -Christmas Presents. University of South Carolina. O. Z. Bates-Fair Grounds to Rent. J. H. Clarkson A Co.-New Goods. Clarkson A Tall^y-CotTen ?od Sugar. Mad. Sosnowski's Institute. G. A. Woodward-Mt. Zion Institute. A. Palmer-Parlor and Office Stoves. D. F. Fleming A Co.-Boots, Shoes, Ac. Fisher & Lowrance - Saucepans, Ac. '? " -Potware. " " -Grindstones. MADAME SOSNOWSKTS Institute for Young Ladies ! Opposite Charlotte Railroad Depot, COLUMBIA, S. C. IUIE duties of this Institute will be re? sumed on Januarv 15.186f>, and end on July 15 following. For circulars, stating terms, Ac, apply- to Principal. . Dec 22 " f l8 Mount Zion Institute, WINNSBORO, S. C. rSIHE exorcises of this SCHOOL will be JL resumed tho FIRST MONDAY in Feb? ruary, 18GG. OFFICERS. G. A. WOODWARD, Principal. Rov. W. P. DuBOSE, A. M., ) Assist W. M. DWIGHT, f ants. Term? per Session, payable one-half in ad vance, the balance at tneendof the session: Board, with Tuition in all branches except Chamistrv, Philosophy and French. $100 Tuition for Day Scholars, in Classi? cal or higher English and Mathe? matical Departments. 25 Primary Department, from.10 to 20 Course* of Chemistry and Philoso? phy, each. 10 French. 15 Contingont feo., 2 G. A. WOODWARD, I^incipal. Payment required in specie or its equi? valent in currency, at time of settlement. Dec 22 f4