University of South Carolina Libraries
BY E. B. MURRAY & CO. ANDERSON, S. C., THURSDAY MORNING, JANUARY 19. 1882. VOLUME XVII. -NO. 27. Trio to Atlanta-What We Saw and I cultivntim, nr i. Heard. MK. BWTOB: By your permission, we iuflict still another contribution upon your numerous readers, with tho remark that if there be any among tliem disinclined to these peregrinations they need not read them. The great International Exposition at Atlanta has nliiactcd tho attention of thc people of all thc States iu the Union, and has become to the South au adver tisenicnt of her capabilities better than all other instrumentalities. Thc South and thc We?t, tho North and tho East vied with each other in tho exhibition of their agricultural, mechanical and man ufacturing industries. The manufacturer from the New England States stood alongside the cotton planter of the South and took counsel together for the ad vancement of their inter dependent in terests, and for tho advancement of the prosperity of our whole country. The meeting of the Cotton Planters' Associa tion on the Oth December afforded the opportunity for n panoramic view of all ' the industrial pursuits of our whole country. Steam engines, agricultural implements almost ad infinitum; cotton gins, cotton seed bullers, corn and cob mills, corn and cotton planters, drilling ' machines for small grain, reapers and mowers, manure distributors, well borers, (by which two bands can dig a well of 00 or GO feet in a day from one to three feet in diameter,) plows of every kind, harrows, Bowing machines for tho finest "ibrics as well as tho stoutest leather, wagons, carts, &c, ?kc. Knnaas and South Carolina vied with each other in the superiority of their ngricultural pro ductions, with thc advantage decidedly with our Western Hinter, at least for gran deur of display and gigantic proportions. Kansas displayed her grain productions in pyramids of corn, wheat, oatR, barley, rye, bay, fruit?:, vegetables, &c. In thc fruit display of Kansas, the apple exhibit was superior to anything of the kind wo have ever seen. Inside of ber pyramidal display was written above ber corn ex hibit, "Corn is King." And turning to the left was the Texas exhibit of a fine bale of cotton, and written on the wall near by, "Cotton is King." Both are kings in their several departments. Tho South Carolina exhibit, while not so ex tensive ns some other States in agricul tural productions, outstripped them nil in her display of phosphate rock and mineral deposits. While we were pre pared to accord her superiority in pho3- | phates, we were agreeably surprised to | find her looming up as a State of rich mineral deposits. Tho Value of Fine Timber. We had occasion some time Bince to call attention to the great value of tho old field pine, and bewailed the reckless waste of Bitch timber to make room tor more cotton fields. The Atlanta Exposi tion affords e. striking proof of our position in exhibit???rr a "cwerful steam distillery of turpentine and oil from the old field pine. One cord of such wood will dis til 50 or GO gallons of turpentine and oil, and the residue will make over a hundred bushels of coal. Each cord would yield a money value of $60 or $60, and mauy of our old fields vroald furnish 20 or 30 cords of wood to the acre. So we say again to tho farmer, "Spare that tree." What an Alabamian 3ays. One of the most intelligent farmers whom we met and conversed with at the Exposition was an Alabamian, formerly an old South Carolinian. He said that the farming interest in Alabama, as elsewhere, was very much depressed. Seemed to think that one great cause of eaid depression was the prevalent all cotton theory, to tho neglect of ato k and grain and grasses. He lived in t'to canebrake region of Alabama, equal l. tho best cotton region of the South. Even thero tho farmers were abandoning cotton for the moro profitable crop of hay, mado principally from a cultivation of the Means grass. On their beat ham mock lands three and four cuttings of thia grass conld bo bad each season and from two to three tons to the acre each cutting. Tho hay was equal to the boat, and -vould bring tho highest market price. Roll on tho ball. What a New Yorker Says. On our trip we met with many North ern men ou their way to the Exposition, any one of whom seemed to bo impressed with the bright proopecta just ahead of tho South. Not tho least benefit deriv lug therefrom was thc bringing together citizens from distant parts of this great country to their mutual advantage and fraternity. Said the New Yorkor : What tho South needs more than all else to ?usure her prosperity and independence, . is to learn by practico the hard lesson th.U all mu?t work. No idling in the huay hive. The parents must teach their children by their own examplo thnt labor ia honorable, t?r.d labor is profitable. Tho German population understood bet ter than other nationalities this great truth, hence their great vnluo as an im migrant importation. Work, work, work is their motto. Heuce all through tho great West is to be seen tho prosporou8 career of tho German in carving the destinies of this thriving region. Manufacturers were there, too, from the far East, looking intently upon tho budding future of the South. In this great industrial exhibition political dif ferences were forgotten, and only our country-our whole country-was the, theme. One of these gentlemen, whose occupation waa the manufacturo of weavers' shuttles, aud who resided on the Blackstone river, Mass., said there w*s an unbroken cortege of-io miles of factories, towns and busy people. So too in many other portions of the East, We asked how it was that while tho South possessed greatly the advantage in genial climate and prolific soil, yet she ?SB dependent on New England inven tion for the 7ory tools she used in tho -". "vr UH.I?U ana omer crops. Becauee, said he, the East and North are forced to use thur wita from Bheer neces sity. With a naturally inhospitable clime, tliey were forced to rely upon ibo active co operation of their minds for a support. Implement"! Adapted to Hie Necessities ot the South. A new invention iu tho plow depart ment called the three wheel plow, not yet perfected, seems to cover the ground in that line. It ia equally adapted to tho preparation of the ground and the culti vation of tho crop. Any sort of a plow can bo worked on it, and by means of a little wheol ou tho end of tho tongue tho plows will do their work to the end of the row, although the horses may have turned partially round. Tho course of the plows is not varied at once by the turning of the horses. The depth of tho plowing, can be regulated as in other cultivators. There were two and three i horse plows of every pattern, and many of them well adapted to the rough lauds of the hills of the Piedmont belt. Tho Avery two horse plow seemed to mc equal to any. Thc exquisito polish and fluish ! of said plow makes them equal to the ] best in draught and turning of soil. A j great variety of harrows on exhibition, \ every one of which possesses some ev? | cellenco. The rotary harrow involves u I novel feature in having an inner revolv- j ing harrow for pulverizing the soil. Borne doubted whether it could be used on rough laud*, hut on such land it could be easily removed, and the remainder of the barrow is equal to any. Tho Thomas harrow has many friends among Southern farmers, and is not likely to bc soon dis placed in their esteem. The harrow is destined lo play an important part in tho ! resuscitation oi southern farming, boiU j in preparation and cultivation of crops. ! Corn and cotton planters of great va- j riety, but there was one called the Clercs I planter that seemed to us quite adapted j to our country. On rough or hilly iand we think tho one-horse planter the only kind suitable for such lands. This plant er will drop corn or cotton any required distance in any quantity, dry or wet. It ?3 equally adapted to the drilling ?of guano, costing 10 or 12 dollars. The one and two-horse manure distrib utors are another great invention for the South. Tho coarsest kind of manure is pulverized and scattered broadcast or drilled as desired. Another valuable invention ior the farmer is an attachment to any common box wagon body, which will enable the farmer in a moment to spread his body cn top some two feet or more for tho hauling of forage crops or graiu in the siheaf. The irons cost ten dollars, and possesses a strength equal to a weight of 4,000 pounds. Hoad scrapers of various kinds and B'IZCS, of sheet iron, which might bo made valuable on the farm in scraping up ma nures, if the Southern people should ever go back to tho good old plan of ma nipulating their own mauures. The cotton seed huller is needed in every neighborhood, and almost on every farm, and would soon find its way there were it not for the coal. It hulls the cotton Beed, thus leavir.g the kernel in the beat condition for fertilizing or to be used for feeding purposes. It will also grind corn and cob meal with the Bhuck for feeding stock. The cotton seed cleaner will take tho dirtiest cotton with tho hulls on and clean it of the trash sud gin it, making good lint. A cotton press, destined we think to A'ork a revolution in the trade, was on exhibition. It presses tho cotton into Bmall bales of 125 pounds, dispenses with cotton ties, except three wires, and but Mule bagging necessary. The cotton is pressed so compactly that the compress is unnecessary. The machine is rather cumbersome, but Yankee ingenuity will soon relieve it of useless appurtenance?. Cotton gins of tho most elegant patterns, but tho one that attracted our attention more than others was the invention of a Massachusetts man. This machino dis penses with the saws entirely, and sepa rates the seed from tho lint by rubbing. It is slower in operation, making 600 pounds of lint in a day, but preserves the lint unbroken, thus Recuring a cent or two moro in the pound on thc market. It manipulates long or short staple. This machino meets the requirements of Mr. Atkinson, the prince of New Eng land manufacturers. With such lint tho American spinner can ask for nothing more. But timo would fail us to enumerate all we saw. Like tho Queen of Sheba, nur aynantattnnu urara ojroot^ hilt fhn half had not been told. The Glass He:i hatching tho little chicks by machinery., the carp fish in pools of water, the spurt in? fountain in front of Judges' Hall, throwing up continually a Btream of living water, tho various kinds of cotton growing upon the grounds, tho ribbon cane, the luxuriant oats-everything to amuse and instruct. Engines of every kind, all excellent, but thc Traction en gine attracted more attention than all tho rest. Dr. Divver never seemed better pleased than when ho moved bia traction engine as a thing of life, on level ground, up or down grade, with as much enso and precision as tho export could guide a one borso buggy. Tho traction engine is an assured succens, aud will eoon bo used for transportation of heavy loads over the jCominon roadB of tho country. Tho Art anil was simply magnificent. On every band thc eye was dazzled with the display. It was so far beyond our conceptions that wo did not give it that attention that it deserved. Utility and ornament joined hands. From the tiniest picture to the costliest diamond, could bo seen every conceivable display of beauty and art. In the ladle*' I>en?r*ment the sowing machine, the epinning, thc spooling, the weaving, all beside tho old fashioned spinning wheel arr? bom, showed how great had been the improve ment in the last half century ir. this de partment. Several suits were made from the raw cotton in tho day. On 3 of tho old fashioned wheels was said to he a hundred years old. Agricultural Hall, Again. Bul wc cammi close without returning to the agricultural display. Wo feel such a lively interest in everything per taining to the advancement of this great interest of the country, that wc must bo pardoned if wo dwell long upon it. While the various Southern and South western States were creditably represen ted in this department, Florida, at ono time, at least, perhaps eclipsed them all in the perfect display of her capabilities as an agricultural State. She bad a pal ace garden of tropical fruits and shrub bery, which, though wilted and fjded at the last, when redolent witli verdure and vitality, m .-t have been grand. In ad dition to her display of tropical fruits, she was equal to her Southern sisters in her grain crops, corn, oats, rye, barley, vegetables of every kind, sugar cane, brick, woods of various descriptions, soils, fish, aligators, (stuffed), &c., Ac. The Italy of A merica had reason to bo pr.iud of her position in the Exposition. Of course, Georgia, the birthplace of tho Exposition, was equal to the occasion. I Many of our friends were great'y agita ted on the question of the Stock law, hut we told them to go home and adopt it. We had tried it long enough to know its merits. North Carolina and Tennessee aboun ded in minerals and woods. One block ' of poplar wood, about th ree feet in diam eter, wits cut 40 feet from the root. j Blocks of oak wood, from 31 to G feet in J diameter, were to be seen on every side. ? But of all the exhibits of minernls, the I little Vermont State, from her granito i hills, surpassed all competitors. Shocut ' a pyramid of beautiful granito rock, weighing ten tons. We examined it carefully and found it equal to tho mar ble in appearance and far ahead of it in durability. For tombs and building purposes, where durability ia the object, perhaps nothing can surpass thc Ver mont contribution tc tho Exposition. ? striking exhibition of Yankee enter prise and vim. Thc Conclusion of tlic Whole Mutter. ! The Atlanta Exposition will give an impetus to Southern enterprise and Southern immigration for the next de cade unequalled in the past. From every quarter the expression was heard : What a delightful climate you have, and the agricultural and mineral exhibil shows that the South is blessed with al! the natural advantages of soil and min eral resources to make ber a great people All that she needs is a larger effusion o yankee capital, thrift and enterprise tc develop her capabilities. Co-opcratiot ha? ?J?U? tue North and East what it is the peer of any nationality in meehan ical and manufacturing enterprises-am ia now taking hold of the great agricul tural interest, and will lift it from th slough nf despond r.nd make it the equal if not tho superior, of any other addi tional pursuit known to man. One great significant fact has croppe out in the Atlanta Exposition, and n less significant than gratifying to th philanthropist. Of the immense crowd assembled there from day to day, frot every part of the couutry, there was les drunkenness than was ever known bofon perhaps, ou any similar exposition. Nt only was there no apparent druukenucs but uot even thc semblance of driukinj so far as wo could discover. Wo thin thia a silent but powerful testimony I the great resolution which is working i Southern society iu the custom of publ and social drinking. This fact is c pecially gratifying, when it is romeo bcred that the large proportion of tl visitors to tho Exposition were compost cf tho young men of the couutry-aol in the exuberance of youth-while tl larger portion were in tho full flush vigorous manhood. No doubt anoth gratifying fact had much to do in pr ducing this happy stale of things: every crowd of visitors thc presenco lovely women formed a leading eic mei hence thc gentlemanly deportment whi so generally pervaded tho other ec Oh, woman ! woman ! if thou knewi thy power for good, surely thou woult then exert that power in behalf of 1 brictv and virtue. So may it ever 1 T. H. R. FROM BRIDAL CHAMBER TO JAIL, Miss Benson of Salt Lake City was wc ir.id won by a man named Randall. S j loved ber amanced husband devoted but learned to her dismay and indigi I lion, after her engagement, that he h a wife living. After thoroughly satis iug herself on that point, she went tc juBtico of tho peace, and, showing 1 proofs, demanded that thc falso lo' Bbould be arrested. But thc juBtico po ted out to the indignant young womal defect in thc lav/ ; as yet tho faithl Randall was not a bigamist, having I one wife, hence he could not be punis! for having two. But Miss Benso blood was up, -.ad she determined punishing her faithless '.over. So I weddiugdays waa appointed, and 1 allowed tho husband of another to v her. After tho ceremony waa ove dramatic scene occurred. The cousta entered with a warrant for ?he arrest the groom on a charge of bigamy, 1 tho crestfallen bigamist was marci away from tho bridal chamber and oil a dungeon cell. Miss Benson Lad revenge if she did lose a husband.-E DenoretVi Monthly, for February. In a Cincinnati daily wo notice t , Mr. Tim Gleeson, ex-member of Council from the Fourth Ward of I city, says ho suffered terribly with rt ' malistn ail last winter and spring. tried all kinds of liniments and m i cines without any benefit uutil ho 1 . St. Jacobs Oil, the first applicator which insur-d a full night's reposo, its subsequent use entirely cured I It is a grct remedy.-Akron (0 i Beacon. A BLESSING IN DISGUISE. Exodus View? of Our Delegation in Con gress. D!t?>atch tn Cliatltfton News ind Courier. WASHINGTON, Jauuary Io accor dance with your telegraphic instructions I interviewed to-night each member of thc South Carolina delegation, with tho exception of Representative Richardson, who bad not arrived in tho city. The question asked was, .'What, in your opinion, aro tho causes of tho Edgciield Exodus, and wurt will be its effect ?" SEN Al OB HAMPTON, paid: "I bc' ?vo that tho incentives to the migration were chiefly tho failure of the crops, tho glowing promises of Wes tern welldoing held out to the negroes, thc passage of the Stock law, and politi cal restlessness. My information, how ever, indicates that tho movomeut has not been as large us has been stated, and that a considerable proportion of the emigrants have returned to their homes. A similar movement threatened some of the best counties of Alabama last year, but subsided before there was ii great drain of population. As to the effort of tho Exodus, I anticipate no serious con sequences to tho State. The places of th'.-*.! gone can bo readily filled front other sections of tho State, and never should tho emigration increase thc incon venience would ho in a great mensuro temporary. Tho laborers who remain will bo more readily controlled, will prove move efficient and make more mon ey. I sec no reason for apprehension, save of temporary inconvenience to tho planting interests immediately adjacent to tho depopulated section." SENATOR BUTLER was fouud very busy and could only say that thc Exodus was duo to three lending causes : First, bad crops ; second, the influence of sensational preschen* among the negroes, and third, tho efforts of Western railroads to obtain settlers along their lines. He thought that in tho end the. Stale would be much benefited by the movement for reasons which he would give me as soon ns bc had timo to state them. Ho did not credit the theory that ill-treatment of thc negroes by tho whites was any factor in the question. REPRESENTA rivi: AIKEN liad long been of opinion that tho Stato would bo permanently benefited by tho wholesale departure of tho negroes. This movement would prove transitory aud resultless, but it would bo better were it otherwise. Ho considered that the gaps left by the negroes would bo readily filled by white immigrants who would furnish a safe and efficient class of laborers, aud that such nu exebnngo of citizens would be of infinite benefit to South Carolina. The assurauce of negro competition kept whito labor away and prevented better methods of agriculture. There might be a temporary luck of la bor, but tho inconvenience would not prove permanent. REPRESENTATIVE DIDDLE said : "It will bo the best lesson for tho colored man that he can learn, for bo will find out thnt the white people among whom he has lived and labored for years are better frieuds than the strangers he will meet abroad. To both white and colored it will be beneficial in ma king each race more self-reliant. The innato energy of the Caucasian will util ize the resources now dormant, and there will bo less farming by proxy tban at present, while tho colored man will acquire moro independence of character aud broader views of men and things. There is no danger of disaster to our re sources nor that our fertile fields will be come deserts, but some political and economic problems will bo greatly sim plified. There may bo a few instances of individual suffering, but to tho Stato on the one hand and to the emigrating laborers on the other the ultimate results will be salutary." Neither Col. Aiken nor Mr. Dibble possessed personal knowledge of thc causes of tho flight. REPRESENTATIVE EVINS said : "I believe thc result will bo en tirely good. Negro emigration is a so lution of the problem with which South Carolina is confronted. It would be I mo3t fortunate if thc negroes could bo dispersed throughout the country until they ceased to be a political power. Their places will bo filled by white emi grants or by negroes from tho up-coun try. There is a tcudency among tho negroes to gravitate towards the coast as there is one among the whites to monop olize tho up country. Aa to this particu lar Exodus I hove no special knowledge, but in general such movements aro due to the childlike belief of the negroes iu an Eldorado somewhere on earth knowu to their preachers and offering milk and honey in exchange for simple idleness. I think that thc whole thing is n, schemo to get laborers for tho Georgia Pacific Road, and I doubt if they get "beyond its proposed line." REPRESENTATIVE TILMAS said : "The Western railroads aro behiud it all. They want cheap labor to build some of them and to settle their lands donated to them by the government. They will sell the uegroes land ou long time, but they will not allow them to eventually own it. The improvements will be made, and then, some years, a high prico will bo demanded which tho settler cannot pay. Tho railroad efforts constitute the primo cause of the Exodus. Beyond them are tho short crops and, perhaps, tho seuaationnl clamor about tho fence law. These two latter facts prepared the negro to listen to tho lies and illusive promises of the raiload man. Thc roads bought up tho negro prcach or-a ?ho J/vuljuno nf ?h^?f T2?X th?IS effected their purpose. The Georgia Pacific will get most of the laborers, but many of them will go to Kansas or Ar kansas. The fence law and tho crop failure would not have moved them but for the inducements offered by the Wes tern roads. I met and talked with a good many at Augusta and Atlanta du ring the height of the Exodus, and am satisfied from personal observation that the number departing has been exagger- I ated ; besides many aro returning. The ! effect on the Stato will be admirable. A few white land-owners will Buffer tem ?orarily, but not many nor for long, 'he planters will be ablo to got all tho laborers they desire within a few miles of the deserted district. My township in Edgeficld, Washington, aud Beech leland, in Aiken, could supply tho pla ces of nil who have gone and bo nono thc worse for it. Nothing but good can come of the movement." It will be seen from tho above that the delegation aro practically unanimous in their opinion that tho Exodus will not injure the State. - Colored belles refuse to wear bangs. Thoy say you can't pull wool over their eyes. Tho components of Dr. Bull's Cough Syrup aro daily prescribed by tho ablest physicians, whoso success is duo to the specific influence of theso components. IDr. Bull's Cough Syrup, skillfully pre pared for ?inmediato use, is for sale by all druggists. Beyond the Sea. From Paris to Dieppe ia a very pleas ant run through a Gne agricultural por tion of France, but from Dieppe to New haven, on the English coast, is a very unpleasant run across the English Chan nel. I made tho passage in tho night, tho water was rough, and Neptune was inexorable in the demand for toil, lt was rendered grudgingly, and tho con viction was moro than over riveted upon tue that I was origil r-lly intended for tho dry land. Just after ono of thc o fear ful retelling.--, which almost tuako a man wi-..lt ho had left that "membraneous organ, the principal receptado of food," at homo, a philosophical fr,end asked mo what period covered by the prophecy of thc book of Kovelntion I felt most inter ested in. (Ho waa serious, and c video My expected mo to prefer that period ~,t.) posed to refer to the overthrow of pope ry.) I unhesitatingly replied: Just now I am most interested iu that part of thc prophecy which says, "And thero was no moro sea." Whcu that blissful limo comes I expect to revisit Europe, and not before, unless some elect Ynnkeo in tho meantime inventa n method of bridging tho Atlantic. About 2 a. m. I reach Londo.i, and find myself pleasantly ensconced nt tho Gros venor Hotel. To-morrow I go to thc comfortable home assigned mo by thc "Committee" during Ecumenical, and also begin my rambles through the great city of the world, concerning which 1 now proposo to tell the reader some things. London is tho wonder of the world ai u city. Look at it from whatever poinl you moy, and it grows on you. If yoi consider its age, you aro borne back inte tho dim past until you aro almost dizzier] by the flight of centuries. A town ex isted here long before thc Christian cru It is mentioned as a placo of commerce by Tacitus, who called it Longidinium It had a mint nt tho time of Constantine A. D. '?00, aud I looked upon a part o the "Roman wall," built by Theodosius If you consider its magnitude you linc nothing equal to it. Start, if you please at Nashville, and travel south ten miles then back und to tho north ten mile? then cast ten milos, and back lo tho wes ten miles, and you havo the area of Lon don-twenty miles across each way Some citiea of antiquity covered mor ground than that, but the buildings wer scattered-large gardens and fields ly in; between tho bouses. But this in a com pact city, from limit to limit. If you consider its multitudinous pop ulation, you find nothing like it in an cient or modorn cities. Moro tba .1,700,000 people are assembled on titi area. Go to whatever part of Loudo you may, day or night, and you er counter a grand army of men, wome and children. I went into a placo < worship on Mile-End (an independor religious movement in thc building erected for Moody and Saukey), uu there were about seven thousand peopl assembled. _ Ono might suppose that sue a congregation would deplete very sens bly the multi')'.Jo on the street in tin vicinity, but when I went out I did m miss the seven thousand worshiper Tho surging of theao hosts, every wher is like the rush of Niagara. You ai confounded by it. The beat way to see thia great city is take an omnibus, which, in Londo alwaya has an outside arrangement, f sitting. Get by the driver if you ca He is a burley Englishman who has e\ dently eaten his share of beef. He li the English instinct of isolation, and w not utter a word uuless you appros; bim on tho blind side. Tell him this the Quest city in the world, that t Thames is the most beautiful river on t globe, that St. Paul's has no equal, et and ho "warms" toward you nt om He is better than auy guide book. C dinarily he knows the streets he dru through, their history, etc., but if finds himself in a tight placo on a qu tion of history, ho just bridges tho g out of his own resources, and you so learn to readily accord him that arnot of spontaneity. From the top of tl omnibus you can see London ns in other way. By day and by night I tl threaded tho metropolis of the woi until it was definitely mapped on mind. "The City of London" is one thii London is a very different thing. Il said that not moro 20,000 persons sf in "tho City of Loudon" at night, i yet thero are more than 4,700,000 of st in Londo.:. "The City" is tho origi corporation, lying within very limi boundaries. It is governed by thc L Mayor, 20 aldermen, and 20G couuuiln It is doubtless thc richest corporation tho world. "London," surrounding "the City' nil Bides, and stretching away for m in every direction, has a governmcn its own. which is ns distinct from thu! "the City" as the government of State of Tennessee ia from that of Ni ville. Io "the City" the thoroughf aro "streets." narrow and crowded; "Loudon" tho thoroughfares are "roa i broad and elegant. No street cars permitted to enter "the City ;" they i at the limit where tho "road" bet Both "London" aud "tho City" are | etrated in almost every direction by derground railroads, ou which long tr thunder along every moment in thc d iie-s, far below tho deep foundation tho buildings and unheard by the tra ing millions on tho streets. But fort undeiground railroads it would bo possible to accommodate tho travc multitudes of London. Dark and < comb-liko as they arc, they aro ut thule -s preferable to the elevated rail of New York. These darken out struct tho streets over which they pa a distressing extent. Ono of tho first objects that strike eye when you get fairly in "tho Citj St. Paul's. I was scated by a Loud on tho outside of an omnibus when 1 saw it. I asked "What is that?" answered by informing me, "Thia ia first visit to London." I was oblig him for the important information. Iiowever, at once explained, "That i Paul's." Yes, thero it stands, tho In and finest Protestant cathedral ic world. It is the masterpiece of tho architect Christopher Wren. Ir sixth century Ethelbert, King of . was converted to Christianity, and i cd a St. Paul's on tho site of the pi building. It was burned in tho rei, William tho Conqueror. That hui covered thrco aud a half acres of gr its length being GOO feet, and its 493 feet high. This was replaced Gothic church, which, in turn, burned in 1G66, and the present bu was begun in 1GG9, and complet* 1710. It is GOO feet long, 260 wide its dome is 404 feet high. Real domo is tho chief feature of tho bui The intorior of tho cathedral ia vcr) presenting very little to attract attc aside from its massive proportions, dome is supported by eight arches tains eight splendid paintings repi ing the chief even ta in St. Paul and sweeps away above you BO far j seem almost to view in tho openinj vena. I went up the long, winding of steps to the "Whispering Gaile j the dome, where you may hear the cst whisper across tho immense circle j I from a point opposito to you ; I wont lo tho "Clock Room," far up in tho north' . west tower, anti saw a clock whose bell .weighs 11,-174 pounds, whose dial ia i>7 feet in circumference, whose minute hand is 8 feet long, and weighs75 pounds, and whose second hand is f> feet !> incites i lone, nnd weighs ll pounds, ?t [schritt' chea "Groat Tom," nnd bears tho inscrip tion, "Richard Phelps made me, 1716." St. Paul's is well filled with inonu j meats to Nelson, to Cornwallis, Rossi, ! and scores more of the noble- dead. If you only had two hours to spend in London, you would, of course, go to Westminster Abbey-or the Minister west of St. Paul's, lt is a venerable pile, built by Henry UL, about 1269. It is little less now than a huge cemetery, Herc genius, valor, moral worth, etc., aro ; commemorated in stone, marble and bronze. For convoi.ienco sake the vast interior is divided o fl", ami the North Transept contains the tombs of Pitt, Palmerston, Canning, Peel, and others who were distinguished cither in civil or military life; tho ?outh Transept bas tho "Poet's Corner," where arc treasured tho names of Ben Johnson, Milton, Gray, Shakespeare, Chaucer, etc. Beneath tho pavement in this "Corner" lie Samuel j Johnson, Macaulay and Charles Dickens. But time would fail to write tho names I of the multitude of distinguished men and women-rkings, queens, statesmen, poets, warriors, preachers-who, nil un conscious of their crowded estate here, sleet) and wait the resurrection peal of the last trump. ! I claim to be no hero worshiper. I walked through these long aisles of tho mighty dead with no feeling of man? worship. God only is great. Hut Ibero wus one monument before which I paused long, and upon which I looked reverent ly. It is a monument to a niau who, less than a century ago, was mobbed in these adjacent streets; shutout a? the pulpits of his own Church ; maligned by news papers, preachers and politicians ; in more tlinn one ii.stance was dragged through the streets by thc hair, while in furiated men kicked and stumped him with their hob nailed shoes ; and yet who, in defiance of it all, preached the gospel to thc neglected thousands until ho produced a moral carthouiiko move ment in their behalf-John Wesley! Il was tho grandest conquest that gcuiur and moral worth ever nuido in England when the defamed und persecuted Wes ley conquered for himself a place besidi England's noblest dead, in Eagland'c noblest mausoleum. "Westminster Hall" is not less iuter esting than Westminster Abbey. It ad joins tho Abbey. I's roof, llO feet high is said to be the finest existing examph of that carved timber known as "ham mer-benm." In this Hall ?nany of tin most thrilling events in English histor] transpired. Hero were tried and con detuned to the block Chancellor More Lady Juno Grey. Churlos I., the sovci bishops of tho reign of James II. Hen tho eloqueut Burke thundered for month against Warren Hastings. I paused nm shut my eyes, mid imagination called u| tho long list of men aud women, will their nmbitions, their innes, their re venges, their struggles for power, wh hero reached the end, and I said, "Van ity of vanities ! all is vanity." You would not leave London withou visiting the "British Museum." Nextt the I .olivi e in Paris, it is doubtless th ! most wonderful collection in tho work What have you read of, or heard o or thought of in the way of art, anciei and modern ; in tho way of animal from tho mammoth to thc humiuin bird ; in tho way of trinkets, from tl string of bird-bills worn by n New Zea ander belle to tho crowns and robes < kings ; in the way of literature, from tl qiiijnts of the Peruvians to tho hier glyphics of the Egyptians, from ll tine.it Oriental mauuscripts to the fir printed book ?ti tho world? They a all herc ! Describo them ? I would ju as lief undertake to give an inventory the contents of Noah's Ark ! Dr. Sui mers would Btop long in the Manuecri Hourn. There ho would enjoy tho sig of tho original Magua Charta, the Du hain Book, a copy of thu Latin Gospi with a Saxon Glossary of about A. . 800, thc "Codex Alexandrina," t! "Basilicon Dorror" of James I., in 1 own handwriting, etc. Hut tho Musen must bc seen, not described, to obtuii just conception of ii. Let us go to "Tho Tower." Ii is o of thc oldest buildings in London-\> origitiaiiy a feudal fortress, afterward Stato prison, now a government st< house and armory. it covers an area about thirteen acres. Liko the Musen several days aro required to seo thc e< tents of tho Tower. On every hand tin is something to remind you of a cn and semi-barbarous order of life, fr which, thank God, we have cscap There, for instance, are long Hues of I ures on horseback, clad ?ii steel and ir recalling tho times when the chief oe patton of men was the del ?cato work cutting throats. Here aro the kel drums which made tho music at Bl heirn ; thero tho bloody cloak on wh General Wolle died. Hero is that in nions piece of diabolism, thc thu screw ; there is the rusted blade of executioner's axe, and close by it block with tho deep gash made by blade as it crushed through tho bones the victim's neck. Just thorn is the doorway to the cell, without windows ventilation, whero Waller Haleigh imprisoned, and where ho wrote. "History of tho World ;" and out yon on tho Tower Green-n Hpot when sprig of grass has not grown in a Di sand years-is the identical spot wi stood the scaffold on which thc sf spirited Henry VIII, lovingly divoi his wives, Anno Boleyn, Katharine Aragon, and Lady Jane Grey. When you turn hero you meet some remit of "inan'H inhumanity to man." W I at length emerge?! from tho dark ] and had really satisfied myself that grim old warder had not locked mo i dungeon to await the day of execut 1 drew a long breath and rendered tin to God for a Christian day and a Cl tian civilization. Thc ladies who visit "Tho Tower" ways linger iu thc Jewel House-as: circular room containing a largo iron ?lass cage. Within thc cage, lylo, hugo velvet cushions, is a blazo of elry-thu coronation crown of Qi Victoria, tho golden crown of VA\ the Confessor, set with diamonds rubies ; the Queen's diadem ; n go salt-cellar, said to bo a model of Keep of tue Tower ; a golden spoon to receive tho sacred oil at tho coi tion ; together with scoplrcs, staffs, tismal fonts, etc., all flashing with monds, rubies and pearls. These ar splendid things of kings, to get w thu sweat and blood of generations been poured out like rain. I have now transcended tho cd patieuce, and yet I have hardly I tho story. Let-it suffice. London world'? wonder. It cannot be p paper. Somo things of interest that c hero bc named may como into the letter,-C. W. MIM.BR, I Nathvilh vocale. SILK CULTURE IN THE SOUTH. A New Indiibtry that Tromlue? to Develop Important lice lill ii. To the editor of the New York Tribune. -Sir : The judges in tho silk manufac turing department of the Atlanta expo sition took especial pains to examine closely tho goods and the product? of silk on exhibition, especially for this reason : Thev desire to ?how to what estent bilk goods are being manufactured in thia country and to report on the quality of the goods now produced, and they do sire especially to call the attention of tho people in thc Southern as well ns othor portions of the country to the fnct that wliilo silk goods aro being largely and successfully manufactured, tho raw ma terial is, almost all of it, imported. This, they think, should not be. The succ?s ful growth ol' silk ha* been proven in nearly every stato in tho union, and long before one pound of American provision was exported to Europe, exports, largu for that period, of American silk wero made from the southern nnd middle states to tho mother country. Tho pop- ? ular error that silk culture nus onco tried in thia country and proved a fail ure should be expelled, a? it is not true so far ns any of tho experiments in tes ting the natural elements were concerned. The growth of the very best of silk is possible, and can be made profitable, as hoH been proven by those who havo tried it. It is a branch of American in dustry that commends itself to all who desire to seo the wealth that grows from it retained iii their own country. This production is ono that especially recom mends itself to American women ns a means of gaining wealth. Thc exhibit made by them in this department does them great credit, and goes lo show what can be done, ns tho report of their ex hibit will show. From tho carly settlement of tho col onies to the present timo tho cultivation of silk herc has been moro or less suc cessful; much moro sn than in Franco or Italy when tho first attempts wero made to introduce it in those countries. As early as 1023 the cultivation com menced in the colony of Virginia. lu 1709 tho colony of Georgia exported 10, OOO pounds of raw .si i lc, which sold for two or three shillings higher per pouud than that of any other country. In 1771 tho cultivation was begun in Pennsylva nia and in New Jersey under IhesuspiOM of Franklin and other enterprising men. In Connecticut tho cultivation com menced about tho year 1790, and the value of raw material nnd sewing silk made in three counties in .that stato in 1810 amounted to $28,503. In Texas and California much has been done within the past few years to establish ita success in those States. Those facts are but a few of thu many which go to show that in nearly every part of this country silk lins been produced. The subj vet re ceived the most attention between the years 1828 and 1837. It was at this period tho government became KO much interested iu it. The committee of agri culture in the bouso of representatives took tho matter under special notice. Commissioners wero appointed, informa tion collected, and n manual WOB ordered to bo published, giving general informa tion ns to the mode of cultivating and manufacturing. Acts were passed giving all necessary protection, and under the auspices of thc government, the press and a general popular fcoliug on the subject, American silk culturo waa going on prosperously. At this period ii raging speculation was going on in the country n?Teeting nearly every branch of blueness. The great number of persons embarking nt once in the silk business naturally mado a greut demand for nmlbciry trees, for on this treo the silk worm feeds. The de mand for thc trees nnd thc advancing price soon attracted tho speculators, and so wild did thc people becomo on the subject that n mania prevailed in tho country, well known ns tho "mortis inul ticaulis speculation." Many nf tho silk growers lost sight of their legitimate bus iness, and, Uko others, were involved in the ruin that soon followed. It ia here proper to remark thut this tree specula tion had nothing whatever to do with tho legitimate business of silkculture, but ao connected havo they become, even in the minds of the intelligent, that tho disas ters of both aro considered one and the samo thing; but it is non time that an error so injurious in its consequences should be disposed of. The silk business, when it must needed thc fostering hand of government, re ceived a finishing blow by an act of Con gress taking off all protection. This act is said to have been passed to appease France when the demand for tho money known us thc French indemnity was made. Thc evidence on record up to this date proves, beyond a doubt, that under a fuir protective tariff thc silk cul ture in this country is both practicable and profitable. I know of uo branch of agricultural industry whereby so much was produced to profit with tho same amount of labor and capital. I would at i this time call the especial attention of my countrymen to the fact ihat sorao suitable branch of labor must bc pro vided for the respectable class of women. Since the war there is a preponderating female population, and some suitable empl' /mont must ba provided for it, aud in no business cnn women moro profita bly and respectably bo employed than in the production of silk. Thu draft upon our national resources for imported silk has been one of greut magnitude. If I patriotism and tho love of independence j are the off-spring of America, let us ! unite our efforts and by tho aid of our j legislatures, our repr?sent?t!vea mid an : intelligent agricultural people, nt once encourage, protect and foster tho produc tion of American silk. EDWIN HENRY. Greenville, Tenn., Jan. 7,1882. LAND REVOLUTION IN GREAT BRI I TAIN.-A great revolution is impending ! in Great Britain. In ten years only ' three good harvests have been gathered 1 in thc British island. TL J climate has j ao changed that wheat cannot bo grovm ! profitably in Great Britain or Irclt-jd. The weather continues wet during most of the summer, and heneo thero is plen ty of grass and good pasturage. Vej:eta bles can also be grown, but net tho ? cereals. Then American competition I also has had its effect. Wheat from Da j kota or Colifornia can be sold in Liver ? pool cheaper than it can be grown in the : British islands. Thc effect has been to \ ruin tho British farmer, and to deprive , tho landlord of his revenues. Tho Irish ! people were the firat to revolt, and two thirds of tho farmers of that county have declined to pay any ront. Tho farmers in Scotland and England aro also mov ing, and they aro holding conventions to havo the land laws changed, and the rights of tenants recognized as ia Ireland: Tho present century will undoubtedly see tue laws of primogcuituro, entail, and settlement swept nway, thu3 allowing freo trad-i in land. With tho old laud laws will disappear the great bulwarks of tho aristocracy. We live- io revolu tionary times, and that which is taking place in England is of the very first im portance to the people of that nuntry.- . What Regiment Was.Itt One of tbe most amusing incidents of tho war that occurred at Clarksburg did not terminate happily. Soon arter active hostilities began, a New York regiment arrived in Clarksburg, said to be tuc lar ?est regiment ever seen in tho field, low BO many men got crowded into one regiment was more than any mortal could fpil ?t was said to number some 1,700 men. The Colonel commanding the regiment had little confidence in the staying qualities of his men should they bo called upon to engage the enemy. They bad never been in a battle, md did not seem to be spoiling for a fight to any perceptible extent. It waa rumored that tho Confederates were advnr,cing upon Clarksburg, and tho Colonel deter mined to test tue courage of bis troops. He secretly took about a dozen soldiers a couple of miles from town and concealed them on nn eminence a short distance above the road, and told them when ho brought his regiment opposite them they were lo lire n volly over the bends of the men and give "tho "rebel yell." He then returne 1 to town, and, forming his regiment, tolo them tho enemy ivas ad vancing on thc town and they must go out and meet him. With blanched cheeks Ibo men rode after their Colonel as ho advanced out on thc road. The ambush was reached. About this time I the feur among tho men that they would meet tho enemy had done its work. Visions of tho mangled und bleeding forms being carried back to Clarksburg or thrown iuto a ditch and buried without collin or ceremony had flitted through mani . brain as they rode along. Sud denly -nc roar of musketry was beard just above them and a dozen balls wont whistling ovor their heads. It was enough. As though actuated by a single im pu leo every mau turned toward Clarks burg and shot down the road as though pursued by a million devils. It was in vain that tho Colonel rode after them nnd tried to rally them, and even tried to convince them that the shots were not from C federate guns, but fired by their com rad :s. Away they wont helter-skel ter, all brut upon placing thor, selves un der th j .election of tho fortifications at Clarks u -g. It waua race such as had not beet, seen in that country before, and a similar one may never be seen again. Tho road was a narrow one, and they wcut crowding md crasbingnlong it, each trying tn pass all the rest. Occasionally a cap would fly from a trooper's head, then a carbine would go rattling to the ground. Blankets and other equipments dew in every direction and were trampled under feet. At length they dashed into tho streets of tho town, but tbe stampede did not stop here. They dashed through tho streets to reach a fort on tho bill at tho oppodto end of tho town. Wbito run ning through tho Btrects the horse of one of tho soldiers in front stumbled and fell, and in less timd than wo can write it tho entire moss of frightened men and hones had passed over rider and horao nud trampled them to death. The men did not stop uutil tue fort was reached, and thus terminated, with the loas of one life, tiio most ludicrous and disgraceful stam pede witnessed during the war.-PhiladeU ?thia Times. Tho Texas Jackass Rabbit. His avoirdupois is about twcl vo pounds, aud bis ears measure, from tip to tip, about ?sixteen inches. He does not bur row in ibo ground. Ho lies under cover I of a bunch of prairie grass, but is very seldom fo??d ut horao, his office hours being between sunset, nnd sunrise. He I is to bo found during the day on the open prairie, whero be feeds on tho tender shoots of tho mesquite or sago grass. He is not a ferocious animal, as a stranger might be lcd lo suppose from nu exami nation of what purports to bo his picture under the alias ot "The Toxian Hare," in Gov. Roberts' book. The jack rabbit has several enemies, among them tho cowboy, who shoots him with his rifle ; the coyote and tho dog, that try to run him down, and tho Governor of Texas, above alluded to, who libels bim in his book. He has two ways of protecting himself against his enemies. One way is to squat when ho suspects danger and fold his cars along his Bides. By doing this bo oftcu escapes observation, as only his back is exposed, tho color of which harmonizes with the brown of Ibo with ered grass. Tbe other plan that bo uses when discovered and pursued, is to create remoteness between himself and his pur suer. In giving Iiis whole attention to this matter, when necessary, he is a stu pendous success and earnest to n fault. When disturbed he unlimbers his long legs, un fur: his ear., and goes off with a bound. He generally stops after running about n hundred yards and looks back to see if his pursuer is enjoying the chase ns much as ho thought he would, and thon ho leaves for parts unknown. There aro many fast things, from nn ice boat to a note maturing in tho bank, but nothing to equal tho jack rabbit. An unfounded rumor gets around pretty lively, but could not keep up with him for two blocks. When nn ordinary cur dog tries to oxpedito a jack rabbit route he makes a humiliating failure of it. Ho only f;ives the rabbit gent?o exercise. The alter merely throws up his ears, and, under easy sail, skims leisurely along, lacking occasionally to givo the funeral, procession timo to catch up But if you want to eco velocity, urgent speed and fuecipitated haste, you have only to turn oosc a greyhound in tho wake of a jack rabbit. Pursued by a greyhound he will "let himself out" in a manner that would astonish a prepaid half-rate message. If bo is a rabbit that has never bad any experienco with a greyhound hskfnr?. K? wi!I start off at an easy pace, but as bc turna to wink derisively at what ho sup poses lo be an ordinary yellow dog, ho realizes that thero is n torco in nature hitherto unknowu to him, and his look of astonishment, alarm and disgust, as ho furls his ears and promptly declines tho nomination, ia amuaiug. Under such circumstances he goes too fast for the cyo lo follow his movements, and presents the optical illusion of a streak of jack rabbit a mile and a half long. Texas Si/lings. THE COLOR LINE IN THE CHURCHES. . -It is said that the governing authori ties of tho Protestant Episcopal Church in Maryland have declined to ordain a young colored graduate of a Northern theological seminary. Thia colored stu dent was anxious to enter into tho minis try in a State whoro there ia a largo ne gro population. No reason is specified for the refusal, but the inference is that the white Episcopal clergyman did not care to havo as aa associate a momber of a colored race. It ia not our purpose to dissect the motives which animate any ! religious denon ?nation in managing its i affairs, but at a tv, ? ?hen there is more ' than usual anxiety among religious peo 1 plo SB to the decadence ot faith, the i coldness in ecclesiastical affairs, tho want I of energy and zeal in the cause of re I ligiou, ft is not encouraging to seo - dis tinguished hotly of Chrlavana decline . ! the services of a trained divluo because I of tho color of hisskin.-Afar tort Her ald.