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" TO THINK OWN BKLF 1IK TIIUK, AND IT MINT t'OLI.OW, AB TIIK NIOIIT T1IK DAY, 11IOU OAN'BT NOT THEN UK FALSK TO ANY MAN." IBmL 8. f 1'K'KK.NiS COURT IIOI'SK, S. <FRIDAY, .11 I,V IS, 1850. Ntt H KEOWR2I? eOliUER, I-KINTHD AM) rUIU.IMIII) WKKKt.Y BY TRIMMlEll A LEWIS. \V. K. Easlky, Editor. TKIMIS. IfSreW' One Dollar ami Fifty Cent* for <?m.? yonrV sub- j ' jWcripttAn when pniJ within three inoiithn, Two *(.. Jmothir* :f payment is deluyoil to tho clo.<e of the ; ? tif 11 .1* v?.nf I All #ub->crip(ions not clearly liuulfil, will be j onnidered as made fur an indefinite time. Mi l ontinued till h di-continuance is ordered and 11 nrrenr.agc* pui.I. A(lctrti*cincnt* inserted nt 75 cent* per square ' ?r the first insertion, ami 37 l-'J ct.<. for encli : ontinued insertion. I.ilcral deductions made o those advertising l?v the year. I3T All Conununicatioin shou'.d bo addressed t<> the Publishers post naid. t CONGRESS. In the Semite, on Friday, the 2Sth st.. tlie consideration of the com omise was resumed. The question pending at the adlurnment yesteruay was on the subitute propo. ed hy Mr. Soule, (for j tat pa.t oi the bill relating to Cali- j >rnia,) and tlie amendment to es- j iblish the territorial government for oulh California. Mr. Davis, of Miss., resumed the marks commenced by him on yesjrday. lie said the amendment of ll'. Sonic vvns ono invnlvin.r I promise which once restored peace to a (distracted and agitated countiy.? (ireat as was the danger then 1o I lie country, he still believed that it was nothing compared with that of tin; present day. lie hoped that now n~v? lbere would be found in Congress a k majority equally willing to preserve ^he Union, even by a sacrifice of themselves. l ie had supported the j ^ motion to raise the committee, in the , IIHU r.uuiVUIUI^ CUUKI oc devised calculated to preserve harmony and peace, upon which he could unite in . supporting. He had been disappointed. He could not see in this bill anything which he could sanction as a 1 Southern man, nor anything that he ! could approve of as a measure to re- i store peace to the country. Mr. Jef- . fcrson had truly said the Missouri I compromise was but a reprieve, and such it had been proved ; and now j that which was denounced by a Southern man was considered as too ultra to be considered by Congress. Thev were now to be denied a se-' CoikI reprieve. lie contended that the line of 3G 30 seemed to be marked out as the natural as well as the geographical line of division between the Kotth ; and the South. He then examined ihe geographical and topographical I situation of California, and commented upon it, maintaining that the division of that country by the line of 30 IK) was a measure eminently advisnblc and desirable. He proceedAo ?*d at great length to advocate the i |K adoption of that line. Mr. Soule said that he proposed to j offer some remarks in reply to Mr. Webster. The Senator had controverted some of the positions taken |n#j nun in nm lunucr lemurns i:pou this amendment. Mr. S. then repeat-' i <id his formrr arguments, that unless , ihe public domain in California should k be reserved to the United States by r Hinic precedent compact between California and the United States, that \ domain would attach to California by the act of admitting1 her as a sovci reign State. He examined the ob-1 factions to this doctrine urged hy Mr. j Webster, and replied to them at length, and again maintained his own I jf| position. He also reblied to M*. 1/ "i V" .? ! . upon the points of legislative prece[ dents, embraced in that Senator 's reI marks on Wednesday. He again maintained that with the exception of the State of Arkansas, there was i no precedent for admitting a State, i containing public, lands, until ihe pro- j Visions of his substitute had been ; complied with. He repelled with much warmth the | intimation that the opposition to the admission of Ca'ifornia was because ; of the exclusion of slavery by her ! constitution. lie also denied em-1 I ? it - I pnaiicany mat there was any ground K of apprehension of her secession from K. the Union because of any proceedings which Congress may deem adMr. Douglas replied, ugt*in repeat fcgL ing the several acts admitting the W Miveral Stales into the Ui^ion* and |1. contended that in no case had a compact l>een entered into as a condition Bfc-B precedent to admission of any State. Mr. Webster also replied to Mr. 'JMv., in denial of the doctrine that Hp such compact wav necessary for uiu picHiTvauon 01 ine rigiil ol the United States to the public lands. The question was then taken on the amendment ol Mr. Soule, as follows : Yeas.?Messrs. Atchison, Barnwell, Berrien, Butler, Clemens, Davis of Miss., Dawson, Downs, Koote, Houston, Hunter, King, Mason, Mor Inn. 1?i,cL- 'P .niMioumi, uuiiii:, AUiliey, and Yulce?11). Nays.?Messrs. Badger, Baldwin, Boll, Benton, Bright, Cass, Chase, Clarke,Clay, Cooper, Corwin, Davis o [' M ass., Dayton. Dickinson. Dodge, Douglas, Felch, Greene, Hale, 1 lanilin, Jones, Miller, Norris, Pearce, Phelps, Pralt, Seward, Shields, Smith, Sturgeon, Underwood, Upham Walker, W ales, Webster, and Whitcomb.?3(>. Mr. John Davis addressed the Sen ?ilc at length iti opposition to the hill. Mr. Davis, without concluding, yielded to a motion to adjourn. Mr. Clay expressed a hope that the Senate would agree upon a day to take the question on the engrossment of the hill, lie suggested Wednesday next. Mr. Bell objected. lie wished to give his views. He and others would not be able to address the Senate, if so early a clay was fixed. Mr. Yulee laid on the table an amendment to the bill. Alter an Executive session, the Senate adjourned. In the House, Mr. Parker introtroduced a bill respecting the nation-1 al armories at S'jrii.or field and Harper's Kerry; which was read twice and referred to the committee on nvlifjirv jifTs.ii.u The IIou.-o then proceeded to the | consideration of the Iowa contested election case. The debate being closed, the Chair stated that the question would first be oil the resolution of Mr. Van j)y!e to give the seat to the contestant, moved as a substitute for the resolution of the majority of the committee of-elections to give it to the whig member, Mr. Thompson. The question was pnt and decided in yeas 95, nays JM. The chair voted -i < ? in me negative; so uic amendment was not agreed to. The House adjourned to Saturday. Slave Lahou in tiik Territories. House of Representatives, June 1, Dear Sir: In a speech delivered by you, in the House of Representatives in March last, I understood you to say that you had been in the valley of the Great Salt Lake, and that you were acquainted, from personal observation, with a lanre part of the ter ritorv of California. \Vill yon be s6 good as lo give me vonr opinion, and tlie reasons for entertaining it, of the probability or improbability of the introduction of slave labor nto any part of the territory recently acquired by the United States from Mexico; provided such introduction be not p?ohibitud by law? i . jl wish 10 ooihiii jour opinion 111 regard to other kinds of labor, as well as agricultural; because, as it seems to me, a most unvvarantable, if not a most disingenuous attempt has been made, <o lead the public to believe that no form of slave labor will ever oe introduced mere, because, possibly or probably, it may not be introduced for agricultural purposes. A reply ut your earliest convenience, will much oblige, Yours, very truly, Hokacr Mann. Hon. S. JR. Thurston * Delegate from Oregon. Washington, June 10, 1850. 1 received n notee from you some days ago, making certain inquiries, but which, up to this time, I have been unable to answer. I desire to take no part in the question now dividing the country; out as you have asked my judgement upon a matter wmcli appear# to be a disputed point, 1 cannot, conscientiously with the law of courtesy, refuse you an answer. That answer will l>e in conformity with what I have frequently said, heretofore, in private conversation with gentlemen on this subject The point of inquiry seems to be, whether slave labor could he profitably employed in Oregon, California, Utah and New Mexico. If the nature of the climate and resources of these countries are such as to furnish a profitable market for slave labor, it appears to be conceded, on all sides, that it would be introduced, if left i free to seek profitable investment* j like other capital. The w< ole point at issue, then, is dependent, as it is conceived* upon the determination of the first point of inquiry- Hence to that point, o*ily, it is necessary for me to confine my answer. f* / * 1 nemt not remind yon of the law regulating the investment of capital. It will always go where, under all circumstances, it will yield the greatest return to the owner. Upon this principle I am very clear, that slave labor if unrestricted, could be employed in Oregon, with at least double the profit to the owner of the slave that it now yields in any State 1 of the Union. lain uniniformed as to the usual price of slave labor in the States, but the mire mi id in iiidinne in Oregon dining the past year, lor labor, lias ranged from two to three dollars per day. Domestic negro servants, whether male or female, who understand the business of housework, would command, readily, five or six hundred dollars a year. I recollect well, that there was a mulatto man on board the vessel in which I took passage from Oregon to San Francisco, who was paid one hundred and c'glity dollars per month for his services as cook. I will not stop to particularize further, in regard * 4 4 I. ! 1 ' v u> me liuiuceniems urcgon would offer to unrestricted slave labor, but will simply add, that a very large; number of slaves night now be employed in Oregon at annual wages ! sulticiently large to purchase their | freedom. ] think, therefore, that the point is settled so far as Oregon is | concerned; and that slave labor, if it had been left free to seek profitable ; employment, would readily find its way 10 mat Territory. [ As to California, I am eqanlly clear, j California will always bo a mining ! country, and wages will range high. At present slave labor in California would be more profitable than in Oregon. And I have always been of the opinion, that wherever there is a mining country, it not in a climate , uncongenial to slave labor, that species of labor would be profitable.? That it would be in California : is evmeni. a good, able bodied slave, would have commanded in California, during the past year, from i eight to ten luirdred dollars per an: num. When it is recollected that one I hundred dollars per annum, upon on average, is considered a good com; pensation for their labor in the Soutlij ern States, it is idle, in my judgment, I to contend that slaves would not be j carried to the California market, if I protected by law. j The greatest impediment which ' >vunu muor ims 10 encounter in me | mines, is the intensity of the heat and prevalence of billions disease. The one is almost insufferable, while the other is pestilential. Against both of these the negro is almost proof.? Now, while white labor is so high, it is evident that no one can hire a white laborer, except at a rate that would consume bis profit. Not so with negro labor. That species of 1 i - -1 .i km/mi no uijuiiuuu n?i llilll lit' , amount which you would have to pay . for while labor. The result will be a , profit a!:';e to the hirer and seller of slave lo'ocr. There is no doubt, in my judgment, that almost any number of slaves might be hired out in ! California, were tfce whites willing to allow it, at from eight to ten hundred dollars a year. This is pay so much above what their services command in the States, as t? satisfy any one, that could this species of service be protected in California, it would L A .. it. - - V - 1 hush iv uiv jrucijic 111 aimosi any quantity. T.?ot us turn our attention to Utah and New Mexico. I have 110 doubt, from what knowledgeIhaveoftho.se countries, that they will turn out to he filled with the richest mines. I clip the following from a recent paper, containing the news from Texas and Chihuahua*. "Mr. James was informed, by Maj. j Neighbors and Mr. l*>e Vining, that ! they had been shown by Maj. Stein, j some gold washed out l>y his troops, i *jn uic *juii uver, 111 u?nori excursion j to that stream. "It is reported that, at the copper ' mines al>ovc El Paso, there are anout 1 100 tons of pure copper lying upon the ground. This had l>een got out by Mexicans, and aSatuloned when attacked by Indians. "There are at El Paso, in the hands of different persons, several larire I amounts of silver ore, taken from the mines in that neighborhood. With j guaranties of titles to lands, and protection from Indians only a short time would elapse before all these mines would be well worked, and we would have large quantities of metal seeking a market through this place." And if you consult !< remont's map printed Dy ordor of 'the Senate in 1848, you will find near the source of one the branches of the Gila River, "copper and gold mines," laid down. And if I am not greatly mistaken, it wiil turn out that the Mort'm^4 ,4 " -,v v.;? v < ' : > -y molls lire in possession of the riches! 1 kind of mines, east of the Sierra Nevada. Jt is known, too, ti. t silver ; and copper mines have, for many years, been worked in New Mexico, and 1 am informed by Hugh N. Smith, esq., that there are in that Territory, gold, silver, copper, lead, and zinc mines, of the richest (nudity, and the rea on wli) they have not latterly heen worked more ex-I < ivii?ivi:iy, is uuii 11 is prevented t?y i the incursions of the Indions. He is of tii? opinion, and lie is borne out by what history we can get 011 the subject, that when these mines shall come to be explored, their wealth will turn out to be onormous. W hen you have once cast your eye over that country lying west of the Rocky Mountains, and b/ast of , the Sierra Nevada, and are informed of t lit* gold hearing region, you at once become convinced that the United States is in possession of mineral wealth so vast that ages will not be able to measure its extent. And wllPtl illovn mnmo clw?ll ?... ' - - .. ....... ...V.JV 111 I IV'l Olltlll IU Lie I developed, and their un<iuestion riches known, population wiii set that way, attended with the usual consequences: high prices and a demand lor labor. If slave labor is like other capita!, if it will go where it is best paid, then we have a right to say it ' will seek these mines and become a part of the producing capital of the country where those mines are located. ') 'hat these whole regions arc filled with rich mines, is little less than' certain, and that they can be profitably worked by slave labor is ! sure. Hence, were I a Southern man, and my property invested in slaves, I should eonsides the markets in New Mexico, Utah, and Califorinio, for slave labor, worthy of an honorable eontest to secure. I am, sir, with due consideration, yours truly, Sam. 11. Tiiurston. j Hon- lloracc Mann FOREIGN TTEMS. Smith O'Brirn.?In the House of ! Commons, on Kridav lvcrht. Sir L. j O'Brien called the attention of the Government to the state ot hea'Mi and | the treatment of his brother, Smith ; O'Brien, the convict upon Maria Island, Van Dieman's Land. The Hon. . Baronet stated that his health was ! suffering, and described at some ! length the regulations uuder which I he was placed, in consequence of having refused the indulgence of a ticket of leave. Sir G. Grey staled that Mr. S. , O'Brien having positively refused a | ticket of leave, the Government of j VanDieman's Land had no other , course open to them than to adopt i Uie regulations which they had taken, j without neglecting their duty; hut at ! the same time he had indulgences of which the other convicts were deprived; in fact, every indulgence has been shown which the Government had in its power. The Isx-Kixo of Fr wcf..?The health of Louis Philippe is rapidly deI dining, and his symptoms are such as ' tn r;iiKo tii o (rronfnct ?mvi?hr ..rl ing their immediate results. Te ex; King arrived at the Victoria Hotel, 1 St. Leonards, about a month ago, and has been confined to his room ever | since. It is said that Mr. (luizot, M. I do Salvandy, and M. Duchatel, are also about to pay a visit. It appears ; that the ex-Kirigis anxious that sev; oral ancient Ministers should assemj ble round him before his death, and that some questions of great political j importance will be discussed in that council. It is said he intends in his will to lay down to his family the ; course lie wishes them to pursue after i his death. The French LecritinustK ! say that his'wish is in favor ~of a reI conciliation with the elder branch of the Bourbons. Ireland.?The Cork Exa.iiiner on the authority of a correspondent officially connected with the Government* say that it is the intention of her Majesty and Prince Albeit to visit Cork on the 2d of August, for tho purpose of witnessing the regatta. Oconnei/s Mansion.?The town of Killarney was posted last week , with bills announcing a sheriff's sale, to take place at Derrymane Abbey, ! the residence of the late Daniel ()' I Council. The sale was to bo at the I i. ir i I** i buii hi Sonic nail nozen creditors, and J the sheriffs name affixed to the placard, vyas 'O'Conncll.1 France.?The Pope has sent a gift to Prince Louis Napoleon consisting of a superb missal decorated with paintings, and having on the covcr a gold cross which once belonged tq Charlemagne. 1< ranch and thb Sandwich Islands.?The Courier du Havre states that Mr. Judd, tHe envoy frovn the Sandwich Islonds, who had visited Paris with the obiect of demanding an indemnity from the French government for damage done to the fortifications of Honolulu by the French squadron, and the capture and de , tention of several steamers, has left without having succeeded in his mission, except that both parties have accepted the Rood offices of the ! English government. MISSISSIPPI 1 A public meeting was held at Can-; ton, i\li?s., 011 the 15th ult., at which Col. I). M. Kulton presided, and James R. Chambers acted as secretary; and at which resolutions were unanimously adopted, declaring the Compromise of Mr. Clay "unconstitutional and derogatory to the rights and honor of the South, that an overwhelming majority of the people of \i? > < ^niaAinni|'jii ?u?- (ijJjJUSCvl lO lli 1111(1 that if Senator Koote will not yield i to them, lie ought not to retain a position in which lie misrepresents his i constituents.1' Mr. Koote, on the other hand, declared in a recent : speech in the Senate, that he had ' abundant evidence in his possession I that he was sustained at home. Judge Sharkey, the President, of the Nashville Convention, has addressed a letter to the Jackson South 1 ?4.?I.~i ...i i- - - iI ivii) ouuui^ melt vv lU'll 111' WI"iHC I11S I letter to Air. Foote, approving the i Senatorial Compromises ho was not | fully possessed ofits details, and was | under the impression that no better measure could be obtained, and that ' the Convention itself would prove a failure. He now makes it known ! that the Missouri line, as proposed ' by the Nashville Convention, was J what ho originally preferred, and j that he will cordially sustain the ac~.*.i ii--' <1 * 1 nun ui iiiiii uvnij 1 <IIHI i I till I HO WI10IC | | South ought to unite in a spirit of firm determination to insist upon thelim of Compromise recommended by the. Convention.?Char. Courier. I O^r In a late debate in the House I of Representatives, on the California j biH, Mr. Morse of Louisiana is thus i ) reported". i "Mr. Morse did not ask a compli i mentary vote. J Ie desired something | substantia). Th? Union was not I worth a straw so long as a difference j exists Between tlie slaves of the South I and the horses and carriages of the j North,as property. He wanted no J milk and water compromises." ! Will Mr. Morse and his Southern j friends consent to do away with the , difference which allows a representation in the Federal Government, to ; the property of the South in its slaves, j while the horses and carriages of the North are unrepresented/ This difference does exist. The I North will not ho any the less well disposed toward the Union if the j i South is of opinion that this difference , j impairs it value-?N. Y. Ev. Post. i no ooiun win agree to strike out three-fifth clause from the Constitu( (ion, for the South would then be en! titled as the North is to a representation in proportion to population.? ! Southern Pross* ; _+ ^ -f England and thf. Ccra Affair. ?A letter from London to the Philadelphia North American,dated June 14, says: "When this letter reaches you, Lopez, his expedition, and Cuba may be forgotten in the United States, and other affairs may be uppermost. I can assure you, however, that, secret _ 11 il " * i its ?ire an me movements ol the JLirit! ish Government, some very impor1 tant measures are about to he submitted by England to more than oprEuropean nation, having for their object certain checks on the grasping j and growing ambition, as it is termed, of the United States, as a Gov, eminent and as a people.11 The ridiculous custom of in tori nr | ding articles with foreign words is rii diculed by the Common School Journal. For our part, when we hear a I preacher talk much in his sermon of ! the original Greek or Hebrew, or see ! an editor drag in Fronch and Lr tin on i every occasion, we at once set the 1 man down as laboring under the douj hie affliction of ignorance and vanity, j With such persons a tned/ci/ or nurture ! is a Pielangc; afray is nothing short j of a melee, and the select nrn not ilm j choxeti, but the elite. The disputants I do not differ entirely but toto ccdo\ ami | they never begin again, but da now, i or, as some goslins prefer to say ab ! ow. The common items of news are interlarded with such barbarismsThus the President is never going to Washington, but he is e;? route for tho city. No remark can now be I made by the way, or in jKimng, but it ! must be en vaasnnt. A rising of tho i poople is no longer a mob or a rebel lion, l)ut an cmctrtr. Some years agd an editor observed that noun verrons was a more expressive phrase thUii wc shall sec, and now every village ed itor, after giving' his views of national affairs, gathers himself up in his arm-ehair, and utters the doubtful prophecy, "nou# vcrrons." Df.CIMXG T11K QlttSTION*.?TIl<J following extract is from an editorial of the last numher of the Charleston Southern Baptist, and shows strikingly ?i.? ? r r... r. ...i: : iy mi; lunr hi ii'i/nu^ >a nil 11 i.> i wilting to be prevailing one among religious people: "Fourteen years ago we travelled at the Norih with two gentlemen.? In public houses, in singe coaches, on steamboats and canal boats, wo were beset by persons keen to discuss the slavery question. One of our company never indulged this appetite for debate. lit; arrested the Ciltor'his.iiir vvhifli :? vnrifprniiy nlii lanthropist was about to practice, by remarking that this question would some day be decided by the musket, and he would await that time. "That time is nearly come. It depends upon two things- The. do termination of tin; North to maintain the false position they have assumed, and the resolution to supersede their paper arguments with the arguments of iron and lead. If their consciences will not let them go back, and their $ obligations to humanity shall compel them to draw the sword, then what wo have said is true?the time for this final debate is nearly come. Wc know very little of what is current among politicians. Our intercourse lias been with religious men mainly. \\ e have conversed in families where C>od is worshipped, and there wc have seen the calm, settled conviction that the only thing to be feared might be the pusillanimity of some Southern members of Congress. W c tell our Northern brethren that when the time comes to try the last argument, they will have to enforce it against the opposition of Southern mothers and Southern ministers, ft ic l< \ r 1 1 wt It 4 #-v t l?<\ ivi v*iv/ 11 im i ii iv> vuuui 11iv.; i.uDh that is no part of our business. ! They have a favorite theory to maintain, we our firesides, our altars, and our honor. "We are no alarmists. We eschew <>d the excitement of party politics more than twenty years ago, when we began to preach the Gospel; Hut the times demand that every man should do his duty. Fanaticism has placed the powder-mine under the foundations of our republic, and Northern editors are ^coolly drawing their matches and smoking their se gars over tne explosive material. We clo our duty by' warning of the danger." ! f I MAINE. They say "the Wilmot Proviso is dead." It is easier to say it than to produce any evidence that the North has in the least degree retreated from its support of that hostile measure. The last developement is from Maine, where a few days ago the Legislature adopted unanimously a resolution in favor of tlu' immediate and unconditional admission of California, and by a majority of 100 to 21), passed others in favor of tho Wilmot Proviso, against connecting the admission of California with any other measure, and instructing their Senators to carry out their views. And this unani| mity against the South is seen in a Legislature so cut up with factions that they have been vainly struggling for three weeks to elect a United mutes ncnaior. l lie same is true of Connecticut. Both States have shown ati unusual degree of discord except in the matter of anti-slavery. There they all agree, or the dissentients are I so lew us scarcely to break the monotony.?Charleston Mercury. i The Texas Difficulty.?uX"of the Baltimore Sun, in relation to the prospects of the Compromise bills, , says: "The Texan boundary question is , the only one which looks ugly. Texas was admitted with her constitu! tional boundary, and the Democracy I North and South will sustain that proposition. There is lanr'^at stake, and the descendants of ti.e AngloSaxons will finrlil mnr? m???lrl?> JJ,... IWI lands than lor abstractions. The I Texas ease in a word, is tangible, mid the whole South, with a ronsid! cable portion of the North will back : l.er. If a drop of fraternal blood bp | spilt no one call tell whether the Un1 inn virill l?%ti * M j >un miimoi niiuiiivr ycur< I O-V The Connecticut legislature, i unable to clect a Senator, nas post! poned the choice until the next Session.