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it is presumed that she. would not hesitate 1 to yield her aid, in the manner proposed, to accomplish an improvement so important to her own best interests. We have reasons to hope that the proposed railroad at Pannmn will he successfully constructed, under the protection of the late treaty with New G.ennda, rat ificd and exchanged by my predecessor , oil the. 10th day of June, 134?, which guaranties the perfect neutrality of the j Isthmus, and the lights of sovereignty and property of New Grenada over that 1 territory, "with a view that the five tnin- j sir. front ncrnn In nnpnn ivinv not !i<? inter- I ruptcJ oj embarrassed" during tlio exis- j tence of tin* treaty. It is our policy to encourage every practicable route across the isthmus w Inch connects North and South ^fraerica, either by railroad or cn- j nal. which the cnprrrv ntul nntornriso <>f our citizens ruay induce them to complete; ami I consider it obligatory upon me to adopt that policy, especially in consequence of the absolute necessity of , facilitcting intercourse with our posses 1 sions on the Pacific. 7'he position of the .Sandwich Islands, with refeience to the territory of the I'ni- ! ted .States on the Pacific; the success of ' our persevering and benevolent citizens who have, repaired to that remote, (juar- : (nr in nlii'Iohonl'iln/# <l?n ??? 1 ducing them to adopt 11 system of government and laws suited to tlu-ir capacity ' and wants; and the u-c made by our nu- j merous whalo-ships of the harbors of the ! Islands as places of resort for obtaining refreshments nnd repairs, all combine to j render their destiny peculiarly interesting [ to lis. It is our dutv to encourage the I authorities of those Islands in their efforts to improve, and elevate the moral and political condition of the inhabitants; and we should make reasonable allowances for *he difficulties inseperablc from this .asU. We desire that the Islands may maintain their independence, and that other nations should concur with us in this sentiment. We could, in no event, be indifferent to their passing under the dominion of any other Power. The principal commercial States have in this a common interest, and it is t> be hoped that no one of them vill attempt to inter pose obstacles to the eniiic independence of the Islands. The receipts into the Treasury for the fiscal yew ending on the thirtieth of June Inst were, in cash, forty-eight millions eight hundred nnd thirty thousand ninetyseven dollars and fifty cents, ($48,830,097 50,) and in Treasury notes funded, ten millions ei?jht hundred and thirtythree thousand dollars, (10,833,000,) making an aggregate of fifty-nine millions six hundred nnd sixty-three thousand ninety seven dollars nnd fifty cents, ($59,003,00/ 50;) and the expenditures for the same time were, in ensli, forty-six millions seven hundred and ninety-eight thousand six hundred and sixty-seven dollars and eighty-two cents, (>s 10,T08,607 82.) and in Treasury notes funded, ten millions eight hundred and thirtythree thousand dollars, (*i 0,833,000.) making an aggregate of fifty-seven millions six hundred and thirty-one thous- ( and six'.Mndred and sixty-seven dollars j and eighty-two cents, (*57,031,007 82.) ( The nccoui.ts and estimates which will , be submitted t . Congress in the report of the Secretary o." the Treasury, showthat them will r?mhi\i.W l?r? n ilnfv.'.i . i easioned by the expense of ihe Mexicici war and treaty, on the. first day of Jr.lv next, of five millions eight hundred ami twenty-eight thousand one hundred and twenty-one dollars and sixty-six cents, . (15,828,121 (56,) and on the fii*st day of July 1851, of ten millions five hundred f and forty-seven thousand and ninety-two i dollars andsoven-throo cents, ($10,547,- ( 092 73,) making in the whole a probable deficit, to be provided for, of sixteen mil- , lions three hundred and seventy-five thousand two hundred and fourteen dollars thirty-nine cents, ( 10,375.214 30.) The extraordinary expensas of the war with Mexico, and the purchase of Cali forma And [New Mexico, exceed in amount this deficit, together with the loins heretofore made for thofto objects. I therefore recommend that authority be j given to borrow whatever sum may be ne- ; cessary to cover that deficit. 1 recom- \ mend the observance of strict, econmy in ] the appropriation and expenditure of the j public money. I recommend a revision of the existing < tariff and its adjustment 'in a basis which i may augment the reveuhe. I do not i uouoi tne rigm or duty ot Longress to encournpc domestic industry, which is | the great sdurce of national as well as in I dividual Wealth and properitv. I look ( t-> the wisdom and patriotism of Congress < />r the adoption of a system which may I p'rtcc home lahoi at least on n sure and ] permanent fooling, and, by due encour- i ngement of manufactures, given new and \ increased stimulus to agriculture, an i pro- ' mote thu development of our vast resources and the extension of our com- 1 merce. Believing (hat to the attainment < of these ends (as well a<i the necessary c nii^rrtentntion of the revenue nnd the { prevention of frauds) a system of specific i UU'.HTfi ?? lll^U <nm jjivu, A v icvuiir mend to Ooncjrnss t'-.o adoption of Ihnt c systop?, fixing (he duties at rates hfofh ( enough t6 afford substantial mid sufficient ? tneourijferneVJ( to ou ' own industry, and, ] % ' ?!'? .'Ifi' .|,t J ' ' \ A ?t the some time, so adjusted as to ensure stability. Tncqueetion of the coniinunnce of the Subtreasury ry:stcm is respectfully submitted to the wisdom of Congress. If continued, important modifications of it appear to be indispensibk\ F0.1 further details and views of the above and other matters connected with commerce, the finances, and revenue, I refer to the report of the <STeciclary of the Treasury. Xo direct aid has been given by the General Government to tbe improvement of agriculture except by the expenditure 1 of small sums for the collection and publication of agricultural statistics, and for 1 some chemical analyses, which have been, I thu 1 far, paid for out of the natc t And. riicHiu is>, in my opinion, wholly inadc- ' qunte, To give to this leading branch of ; American industry the encouragement ! which it merits, I respectfully rocom- i mend the establishment of an Agricultu- ' lal Ilureau to be connected with the Department of the Interior. To elevate the social condition of the agriculturist, to increase his prosperity, and to extend his means of usefulness to his country, by multiplying his sources of information, should be the study of every statesman, and a primary object with every legislator. No ClVl! luivinnr lirnn tun I vided by Congress for California, the people >t' that TVrritorv, impelled by the, necessities of their political condition, recently mot in convention, for the purpose of forming a constitution nnd Statfe Government, which the latest advice* give i me reason to suppose has been nccom- | plished, and it is believed thy will shortly : npplv for the. admission of California info j the Union as a sovereign State. Should such be the case, and should their constitution be conformable to the reauisitions of the constitution of the United States, I recommend their application to the favorable considcrntion of Congress. The people of New Mexico will also, it is believed, at no very distant period present themselves for admission into the Union. Preparatory lo the admission of California and New Mexico, the people of each will have instituted for themselves a republican form of government, "laving its foundations in such principles, and organizing its powers in such form, as to them shall seem most likely to effect their safety and happiness." By awaiting their action, all causes of uneasiness may he avoided, and confidence and kind feeling preserved. With a view of maintaining the harmony and tranquility so dear to all, we should abstain from the introduction of those exciting topics of a sectional character which have hilhci to produced painful apprehensions in the public mind; and I repeat the solemn warning of the first and most illustrious of my predecessors against furnishing "any ground for characterising parties oy geographical discrim illations " A collector has been appointed at <S*an Francisco, under the act of Congress ex- . tending the revenue laws over California; j unci measures have been taken to organ- ; ize the custom-houses at that and the . other ports mentioned in thr.t act, at the earliest period practicable. The C'ollec- i tor proceeded ovetlaml, m?d advices have not yet been received of his arrival at ! San Francisco. J/eanwhile, it is under- , .i. _ 1 *1 - i - 1 skkki iimi mc customs nave continued to I be collected there by officers acting under j the military authority, as they were, during the administration of my predecessor. It will, I think, be expedient to confirm to the collections thus made, and direct the avails (ifter such allowances as Congress may think fit to authorize) to be ! expended within the Territory, or to be paid into the Treasury, for the purpose of meeting appropriations for the improvements of its rivers and harbors. A party, engaged on the coast survey, was despatched to Oregon in January last. According to the latest advices, they had not left California; and di.eelions have been given them, as soon as they shall have fixed on the sites of the two light houses and the buoys author: i u.. .?? J -"I ~ i/iuu w uvnsirucica anil piacea 111 Urenron, to proceed without u il.iy to make rcconnoissnnccs of the most important point? on the const of California, nnd os- ! peciaJly to examine and deter nine on I lights for light-houses on that coast, the jpeedv erection of which is urgently deriand.-d by our rapidly increasing comnerce. I have transferred tho Indian Agencies From Upper 3/i?souri nnd Council JiluftV !o Santa Fc nnd Sfolfc Lake, nnd have '.auied to be appointed sub-agents in the inlleys of tne Gila, the Sncreiaento, and 3an Joaquin river*. Still further legal i provisions will he necessary for the effec- i live and successful extension r,f #>nr ci.* lem of Indinn intercourse over the new i I'erritorles. < I recommend the establishment of u jronch mint in California, as it will, in my 1 )pinion, afford Important facilities to those ingllgad in mining, as well as to the i iovcrnment in the disposition of the i nineral lands. i I also rccominend that commisqjpns be >rgnnizcd by Congress to examine and lecide upon the validity of liic present subsisting land titles in California and tfeir Mcxico; and that provision be mado for (lie establishment of offices of Surveyor General in Mew 3/cfcicO, California, nnd Oregon, and for the surveying and bringing into nnnket the public lands of those Territories Those lands, remote in position and difficult of access, ought to bo dispo of on terms liberal I to all, but especially favorable to the early emigrants. In order that'the situation and eharnc- j tor of the principle mineral depositee in | California may bo ascertained,! reconi-j mend that a geological and miueralogi- ! cal exploration be connected with the linear surveys, and that the mineral lands be divided into small lots suitable for mining, and be disposed of, by sale or j lease, so as to give our citizens an oppor- ' tunity of procuring a permanent right of property in the sod. This would seem to bo as important to the success of mining as of agricultural pursuits. The great mineral wealth of California, and the advantages which i'.s ports and harbor and those of Oregon afford to commerce, especially with the islands of ' the Pacific and Indian oceans, nnd the ' populous regions of Eastern Asia, make it certain that there will arise in a few ycars largo ami prosperous communities on cur v/crtcrn coa?t. !t therefore be ! comes important that a line of com muni- ' cation, the host and most expeditious ' which the natwc of the country will ad- ! mit, should be opened within the territory of the United States, from the navigable waters of the Atlantic or the Gulf of Mexico to the Pacific. Opinion, as | elicited and expressed by two largo and respectable Conventions, lately asfem- j bled at St. Louis and Memphis, points to I ? _.:i i ii.-i I.:, i. ;< I <? liiimriiu ;ib unit which, 11 pnicucaon*, i will best meet the wishes and wants of j tho country. Hut while this, if in sue- ; ce&sful operation, would be n work of ? it nt national importance, and of a value \ to the country which it would difficult to estimate, it ought also to ho regarded ns an undertaking of vast magnitude and expense, and one which must, if it lie indeed practicable, encounter many difficulties ill its construction aiiu use.? Therefore, to avoid failure and disappointment; to enable Congress to judge whether, in the condition of the country through which it must pass, the work be feasible; and, if if be found so, whether it should he undertaken ns a national improvement or left toindividual enterprise; and, in the latter allcmnti\e, what aid, if any, ought to lie extended to it b\ the Government, 1 recommend, as a prelim- ! inary measure, a careiul reconnoissance of the several proposed routes by a scientific corps, and a report as to the practicability of making such a road, with an pcfimnin lltn nnc f nf ife and support. For further views on these and other matters connected with the duties of the j Home Department, I refer you to the report of the Secretary ot Interior. 1 recommend early appropriations for continuing the river and harbor improvements which have been already begun, and also for the construction of those for which estimates have been made, as well as for examinations and estimates preparatory to the commencement of such ot lid's as the wants of the country, and especially the advance of our population over new diftiicts, and the extension of commerce, may render necessary. An estimate of the amount which can he advantageously expended within the next fiscal year, under the direction of the T5u. rto,", veil* <m iwik;^iu|'i>iw(II JllXUIIl* panics the report of the Secretary of War, to which I respectfully invite the attention of Congress. The cession of territory made by the late treaty with Mexico has greatly extended our exposed frontier; and rendered its defence more difficult. That treaty has alio brought us under obligations to Mexico, to comply with which a military force is requisite. But our military establishment is not materially changed ,as toils efficiency, from th.* condition in which it stood before the commencement of the Mexican war. Some addition to it will therefore be necessf.ry? and I recommend to the favorable consideration of Congress an increase of the several corpse of the army at our distant western posts, as proposed in ihe accompanying report of the <5?ecretmy of War. Great embarrassment has resulted from tho effect upon rank, in the army, heretofore given to hrcvet and staff commissions. The views of the Secretary of War on this subject arc deemed important, and if carried into effect will, it is bi'lipved, promote the harmony of the service. The plan proposed for retiring disabled officers, and providing an asylum for such of the rank and file as from nge, wounds, and other infirmities occasioned by service, have become unfit to perform their respective duties, is recommended as a means for increasing the efficiency of tho army, and ns an act of justice duo from a grateful country to tho Tho accompanying roport of the Score tary of tlic Navy presents a full and satisfactory account of the condition and operations of the naval service during the past year. Our citizens engaged in the legitimate pursuits of commerce have enjoyed i^s benefit#. Wherever our national vessels have gone they have been received with lufcp^ct, our officers have been treated with kindness and courtesy, and they have on all occasions pursued a course of strict neutrality, in accordance with the policy of our Government. 7'hc naval force at present in commission i.*. as large as is aumissable. I invito your attention to the recommendation of the Sc.reUirv of the Navy on thesubjectof a re-organization of the Navy, in its various grades of officers, and the establishment of a retired list ior such of the officers as are disqualified for active and effective service. Should Congress adopt sonic such measure as is recommended, it will greatly increaso the efficiency of tho Navy, and reduce its expenditures. I also ask your attention to the views expressed by him in reference to the employment of war steamers, and in regard to the contracts for the transportation of the United States mails and the opera- ' tion of the system upon the prospn ity of the Navy. By act of Congress passed August 14, 1848, provision wasmade for extending post offices and mail accommodations to California and Oregon. Exertions have been made to execute that law; but the j 1! !i 1 " mimed provisions 01 utc- net, the inadequacy cf th<~ mcritis it t! i *; ill adaption of our post oflie Jaws to the situ- ' ntiou of that country, and the measure of compensation for services allowed by , hose laws, compared with the prices of labor and rents in California, render those exertions, in a great decree, ineffectual. J/orc particular nnd efficient provision by law i? required on this subject. The act of 18 45. reducing postage, has j now. by its operations during four years, I produced reduced results fully showing ] that the income from such reduced post- ; age is fully sufficient to sustain tho whole expenses ol the service of the Post Ofiice ! Department, not including? the cost of transportation in mail steamers on the lines from JVew York to Chngres, and from Panama to Astoria, which have not l>een considere by Congress as properly belonging to the mnil service. It is submitted to the wisdom of Congress whether a further reducer, of postage should not now l>e made, more particularly on the letter correspondence. This should be relieved from the unjust burden of transporting and delivering the franked matter of Congress, foa which public service provision nhould l>e made from the Treasury. I confidently believe that a change may safely be made, reducing all single letter postage to tbe uniform rate of five cents, regardless of distance, without thereby imposing any greater tax on the Treasury than would constitute a very moderate compensation for this public service, and I therefore respectfully recommend such a reduction. Should Congress prefer to abolish ti e franking privilege entirely, it seems probable that no demand on the Treasury would result from tbe proposed reduction of postage. Whether any furdiminution should now be made, or the result of the reduction to five cents, | which 1 have recommended, should bo j first tested, is submitted to your decision, i Since the commencement of the last session of Congress, a postal treaty with Great Britain has been received and rati- I fied, and such regulations have been formed by the Post Oflice Departments i of the two countries, in pursuance of that | treaty, as to carry its provisions into full j operation. The attempt to extend this | same arrangement through England to | France, has not been equally successful; I but the purpose has not been abandoned. For a particular statement of the concli tion of the Post Office Department, and other matters connected with that branch of the public service, I refer you to the report of the /'ostmaster General. By the act of the 3d of 3/arch. 18-tO, a board wns constituted to make arrangements for taking the seventh census, composed of the Secretary of Stale, the Attorney Genet al, and the Postmaster (Jen oral; and it was made the duty of this board to "prepare and cause to be printed such forms and schedules as might be necessary for the full enumenif .'on of the inhabitants of the United States; and also proper forms and schedules for collecting, in statistical tables under proper heads, such information as to mines, agriculture, commerce, manufactures, education, and oilier topics, as would exhibit a full view of the pursuits, industry, education and resources of the country." The duties enjoined upon the census board thus established having been performed, it now rests with Congress to enact a law for carrying into effect the provision of the constitution which requires an actual enu monition of i?,e people ? the United States within the ensuing year. Am/ u.,? !?/? I? ? *?I?IV ir^ IUV UIIVIC9 ?J5J5?J^IIUU UJ U1U t'Oll stit.utinn to lite general government in on? of locnl nnd limited application, hut not on thftt account the less obligatory?I ?1 ludo to the trust committed to Congress, as thrt OYItlllKlvn nnil unln ?"?? . v UWIV ^ UCII dinn of tho interests of tho District o Columbia. I beg to commond'thcso interests to your liind attention. Ah tbc national metropolic, tbe city of Washing* ton must be an object of general interest; and founded as it was under tbe auspices of bim whose immortal name it bear*, its claims to the fostering car? of Congress present themselves with an additional htrength. Whatever can contribute to Its prosperity must enlist the feelings of its constitutional guardians, and comnmad their favorablo consideration. Our Government is one of limited powers, and its successful administration eminently depends on the confinement of each of its co-ordinate branches within its own appropriate sphere. 7'he first section of the constitution ordains that "all j legislative powers therein granted shall be vested in a Congress of the United States, which shall consist of a Senate ; and IIouse of Representatives." The Executive has authority to recommend (nottl'ctate) measure to Congress. 7/aving performed that duty, the Executive department of the government cannot rightfully control the decision of Congress on any subject of legislation, until that decision shall have been officially submitted to the President for approval. The check provided by the constitution, in the clause conferring the qualified veto, will never be exorcised by me, except in the cases contemplated by the fathers of the Republic. 1 view it as an extreme measure, to be resorted to only in extraordinary cases?as where it may nccessa?y to defend the Executive against the enct\achments of the legislative power, or in prevent hasty nor! inconsiderate or unconstitutional legislation. Uy cautiously confining this remedy within th? sphere prescribed to it in the cotemporaneous expositions of the framers of the constitution, the will of the people legitimately expressed on all subjects of of legislation, through their constitutional or gmis, me senators and representatives of the United States, will have its full eft'ect. As indispensable to the preservation of our system of sclfgovernment, the independence of the representatives of the States and the people is guarantied by the constitution; and they owe no responsibilty to any human power but their constituents. By holding the representative re sponsible only to the people, and exempting him from all other influences, we elevate the character of the constituent and quicken his sense of responsibility to his country. It is under these circumstances only<that the elector can feel that, in the I ' cnoice 01 tne law-maker, ho is himself truly a component part of the sovereign power of the nation. Willi equal car? we should defend the rights of the executive aud Judicial departments. Our Government can only be preserved in its purity by the entire elimination of every claim or tendency of oac co-ordinate branch to encroachment upon another. With t he strict observance of this rule and other injunctions of the constitution; with a sedulous inculcntion of that respect and love for the Union of the States which our fathers cherished and enjoined upon Hwix/iKiM .? - . ...v.. iiiiu >viin inc iiui oi that ovoruhng Providence which Ins so long and so kindly guarded our liberties and institutions, we may reasonably expect to transmit them with their innumcrn^'? blessings to the remotest posterity. Hut attachment, to the United States should be habitually fostered in every American heart. For more than * century during which kingdoms and em* P??s have fallen, this Union has stood un sb?ken. Tl ie patriots who formed Jt haVe long since descended to the grav*: yet still it remains, the proudest monu" "'cut to their memory, and the objeet of nITection and admiration with everyone, worthy to bear the Ameiienn nnme. In my judgement, its dissolution would be the greatest of calamities, and to avert which should be the study of every Americen. Upon its preservation must depend our own happiness and that of countless generations to come. Whatever dangers may threaten it, I shall stand bv it and maintain it in ita ?e',v.? to the full extent of the obllgnt'ons imposed nnd tho power conferred upon me by the Constitution. Z. TAYLOR. Washington, December 4 th 18+0. The South Carolina Conference closed its session nt Cnmden on tho 24th xilt. itisl op Andrew presided. Nine delegates were elected to the (Jcner 1 Conference, to begin nt St. Louis, tho first of A fay next, vie: W. M.'Wight mnn, II. A. C. Walker, A. M. Shipp, W. A. Onmewell, J. Stacy, Wlnteford Smith, C. Hetts, N. Talley, nnd S. W. 6'apere. The next sension of the conference is to be held at Wndesboro", North Carolina. The following are the appointments for this District: Cokebbvky Distkict: W. A. Gamewell, 1\ E. Edgefield: W. P. Mouzon, A. If. Harjnnn. Cokesburv: J. II. \Vhn?l?i' s *r - . . ..vv?V | M, It, Brown. Pendleton. M. Puckclt. Greenville: H. (J. Parsons. " Circuit: h \YatU. Union: R. J. Boyd, A. P. Avnnt. Laurens: 8. Townscnd. Newberry: J. II. Zimmerman, J. N. Bouchelie. Pickens. John t'lngcr. . , Paris Mountain: A. !'?. McGilyrny. Mount TrVon Missiote tf,'ncnrborough. ,T. W. Wightman, Tj^in C'okestyir CI'11 - - * ry ocnooi. [Au'^yion flazctte. 1 At* HrtoB.?'About TO,bOO Hogs have paa Bed through this place on their way south. Athcvillr Afasenffir,