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9 " EEOWEE COURIER. * % ^ \ i ? . - ????? Jl* ?r?? ? ? ??- ?.....,. ^ k ^ ?a " TO THINE OWN SELF UK TUUK, AND IT MUST FOLLOW, A8 TIIK NlOltf XlIE DAY, THOU CAN'ST NOT T1I8N UK FALSE TO ANV MAN." I VOL. I. PICKENS C^URtf HOTSE, S. C., SA'ltlRDAY, JANUARY 12, 1830. NO 34 1 * * - - ? ? MM IV. ' ' ? - - KEOWKf) COURIER, rm.NTEU AND FUIM.lSIIKl) WUKKI.Y UY W. II. TRD1MIEK. J- % NOHRIS, J?., > Edltor9 E. M. KEITH, ) tkkmW.1 One Dollar and Fifty Cents for one yMir's subscription when paid within throe month', Two dollars if payment is delayed to the close of the subscription year. All subscriptions not clearly limited, will be considered as made for an indefinite time, and continued till n discontinuance is ordered and ull arrearages paid. Advertisements inserted at *?fi cents per square for the first insertion, and 37 1-2 cts. for each cont: mcd insertion. Liberal deductions made t?i v advertising by the year. All Communications should bo addressed to the Publisher post paid. MASON ./1ND DlXON'fe LINK j The recent operations which have been duly noticed for tho restoration of the old boundary stono between J/hryland, 1\.1 - - 1 1 * L?umw?ro ana Pennsylvania, liave probably stimulated tho curiosity of some of our readers to know who tho persons were, whose names hcve acquired nearly a century'B perpetuation, and will probably continue to be thus retained, until tho distinctive institutions of the North and &oulh in our Union, shall have grown luinu ui utivu uisuppcarea. jjom Mason and Dixon wore astronomers, sont over at the recommendation of Lord Baltimore, in 1703, to assist the surveyors that had been already called in under the4th July 1700 for commissioners to run trfo boundary that had been for more than thirty yeirs disputed between the Culverts and the Penns. Neither of tlvem were per 1 1-1- -1 ll?- a 1 * nuua ui luuiumuuiu cnuunty; uiougn meritorious in their proper spheres. Jeremiah Dixon seems to have been more of u geometer thou his colleague; though it vtas from the latter that the suggestion came, of applying the means at their disposal to the measurement of a degree of of the meridian. . Dixon is said to have been the son of ? ? i : ii.. i ? i > h win iijuivr, in niv xioiiauinueriaaa coai field, and himself to have been born within the mine. But this is probably a misapprehension, or an exaggeration. lie was a self riiado man, and returning to England died in 1777. at some place in the County of Durham; leaving nothing behind him to commemorate his pursuit oi science, beyond his connection with the measurement of the degree, the account of which was published in the Philosophical transactions, for 1708. (Jhas. J/ason was better known. lie had been the assistant of Bradley, at the Green wioh Observatory, and in that capacity calculated a large number of observations made by the Astronomer Royal, to servo com jmi isuiiH iiuu corrccuons 01 tnc Iainnr Tables of Mayer, first published in 1755, at Gottingcn, and transmitted to England to concur for the prize offered by the Board of Longitude. A prize of ?2,000 sterling was in fact bestowed upon them; but it was supposed that the G rcenwf&h observations would materially improve their valuo; and this was the tas-k -v.:? 1 ? nitn >yiiilmi luttBUii >v?ia cilill'gUU l>y U10 Board of Longitudo, and which ho accomplished. Ha introduced no new methods; the formula wjrioli lie employed were those of Mayer, using the Greenwich readings. After completion, the Avork remained a long time unpublished; answering in part its purpose nil the while in being reported as confirming tho general accuracy of JVayer's Tables. f inally, in 1787, it was published under the title of "Mayer's Lunar Tables, improved by Charles -3/ason, and published by order of tho Commissioners of Longitirfft), &o. Doctor Marhelyne, who supPnended the publication, was assured thattlioerrorsCTtheimpvoved tables did not excecd a half minute in arc. frt his shape they were used for tho calculations I nft A1 rv-*n.1 >s a T .1 -1 - vi viiv xiuui/ivui .riiiuniiivu, U11U iJillUIlUC Juiyinc rcprintc.l them in 1702; they served also for tho C'onnoissaneo des Temps. Latterly, they yielded to the Tabloa of Bornard, Burg and Burchhurdt and form only a part o? the history of Astronomy. It has been always said that Mason wasdiwjjusted at not jeeeiving tlx; premium hlO!8clf?r/lf.l-iAf nnuiM-rortoWfl pjuwUon, if bo really entertained it-?and tliat ho willingly camo to bury his pique and (iieappomtment in the forest of the New World. Thoro mny be ftomo grounds for this tradition, since after his labors wcro completed in manuscript, the Commissioners of Longitudes actually Awarded to the widow of Mayer for an improved copy of his o\yji Tables, which deleft at hi* djctyth. :..VJ IJqwcvcr this may he, Mason came to America shortly pfturwiiirtfs; finished hi? worl(sh<?rcm 1707 nf>d OS, and J9liifn ca no more to England. Jla died some- j where in Pennsylvania, in 1787; suffering fur sevcrrl years, melancholy aberrations of mind. 1 lis e'lief memento here i s the line which bears his name, whose latitude ho and bis colleague determined at 15 miles south of the most southerly point of the l town of Philadelphia; and in the reduction of the peninsula line dividing the present States of Maryland and delaware, to its value on the meridian. This last is more remarkable for the attention it excitcd for the time, than for any in- , trinsic merit beyond the zenl and labor I , in its execution, its conception was radi- / i finllv filllllv if ' | -J VJ ) k V 4 Vj/VflVO UJJVU IIU tl I laton, but is a straight, line of more than 80 miles, cut t'.rough wood, with a vista of 30 feet in width, and measured with a steel chain on the ground where inequalI itics, were reduced by calculation to a uni lorm level. Mason and Dixon, therefore, allowed what is still regarded as the most hazardous nart of n ornodnJin Anorofmn tn I - r, " - -- "O ?j? pervade th'-ir wholo work, and success in such an undertaking, in spite of the in gonious suggestions of Cavendish, and the encomiums of Marhdyne, would have ! been more remarkable than, its admitted failure. PUNCH'S CHARGE TO THE JURY. #;.? r?.. v-? ? m vftvwubvfc vj (/(^ t/ u-/ y?i uu arc , sworn, in nil eases, to decide according to the evidence ; at the snmo time, if you have any donbt, you arc bound to give the prisoner the benefit of it. Suppose 1 you have to pronounce on the guilt or innocence of a gentleman accused of fel ony; you will naturally doubt whether any gentleman would commit such of ftuice; accordingly, however strong may be the testimony againsc him, yon will, perhaps, acquit him. The evidence of your own senses is, at least, as credible as that of the witness; if, therefore, your eye-sight convinces you that the prisoner is a well dressed person, you have a l ight 10 presume ins respectability; and it 13 foi you to say whether a respectable j person would be likoly to be guilty of the ! crime imputed to him. In like manner, when you see a shabby-looking fellow in the dock, charged, for example, with sheep-stealing, the decision rests with you, first, whether that individual is a ragamuffin; secondly, how far it is to i.<> supposed that a man of that description would steal a sheep. Of course, us has been before said, you will always be guided by the evidence; but, then, whether the matter is trustworthy or not, is a matter for your private consideration. You mry believe it if you choosc, or you innv niwl mlindini. J ' ~ "I ?"> lll.UUIVI, gtllUf mcn of the Jury, you will believe or disbelieve it, will depend on the constitution of your minds. If your minds arc so con stituted that you wish to find the prisoner guilty, why then very likely you will ' disbelieve it. You are to free your ' minds from all passion and prejudice, if ! vrwi <?niv miit in tlinf fnen j -- ; ?? j-"?. j"Moment will be unbiased; but if you cannot, you will return a vereict according. It is not, strictly speaking, for you to consider what will be the effect of your verdict; but if such a consideration should occur to you, and you cannot help attending to if t.liflf imvrllrtf will Ka 5* >V| v*ll?V I VAMkVV Milt WV lUUUUUUUU UJf" it IU ft certain extent. You nrc probably aware that when you retire you will bo locked up until you contrive to agree You may arrive at unanimity by fair discussion, or by some of you starvdncr out the others, or by toss ing up; and your conclusion, by whichever of these processes arrived at, will bo more or less in accordanco with your oaths. Your verdict may be right?it is to bo fioped it will; it may bo wrong?it is to bo hopod it will not. At all oventa, gentlemen of the jury, you will como to Home conclusions or other, unloss it bo happen that you soparato without coming to any. "CUBA WILL YET BE FREE." Wc published, a few days ago, by par tieular request of tho parties, the 'proclamation of the patriotic Junta for the promotion of the political interest* of Cuba. Wo complied with tho^pquest of the gallant and patriotic gentlemen who comprso this body with of pride and gratification.' We ha'fflfficon cognizant of their design from tn^Wginning, and have flnjdyea the confidence of members of this hoblo .'isociation to revolutionize andredeem the beautiful,but oppressed Island of Cuba. We can freely declare thatwc havo never known more truly patriotic und dovoted gentlemen. Their motived seemed to us to be as free from selfishness, as devoted, sincere, heroic, as those by which any, men ever were prompted, Who labored" to rid their country from r? foreign and and degrading r\x\ . Nor -was thcro any want of wisdom, discretion or judgement in tTioir mran^hipnte. Oh the contrary their plans were well digested and skill- | fully prepared. Funds were raised, sup-1 plies were procured, and an army sufli-1 ciently largo to form a nucleus to invade the island and rally the patriots around it, was already enlisted. The sympathies of our people were thoroughly aroused in hoh.'df of fhn nntf>mrwn niirl mmiu n fni1. i . J , J .. vent prayer went up to the Almighty > for its succCsc. No people in the world have better grounds for complaint and dissatisfaction with their government than the native population of Cuba have against the foreign emissaries, who arc sent over to oppress them. There is 110 Government in existence which contains more the elements of injustice, tyranny and wrong than the Vice Royalty of Cuba. The eoncertcd enterprise, to revolutionize the island, and establish a more liberal form of Government, embodying the principle of the right of a people to guvuni iinjiiiuuivtis, ior wnicn our ancestors of'70 fought, could not but com-| mand the warm s) mpathies of all true henrted Republicans of tbis country. | Yet there were many among our peo- i pie?with mortiiication wo state the fact | ?who viewed the whole movement with coolness and distrust. Some of these v/e"c influenced by the interests of trade; some by u selfish disinclination to sec our institutions and principles extended to other countries, and a vain pretence that no other people but ourselves "were fitted for free institutions; others, too, were influenced l?y partisan and sectional considerations. This body of enemies to Cu 1 * !?*- " 1 u<?n niui^viiiuciibu was iiuu umcuve. Jit called into its employ nil the arts of ridicule and calumny, and did not stop at treachery and corruption, when they were necessary to defeat the designs of the patriots. This journal, which, from the beginning, has shared much of the abuse of these revilers, has steadily enforced (he duty of the American people to indicate their sympathyj^and extend their aid to all people who were struggling to imitate us in establishing free institutions. IJVhave been propagan- ' dists to the extent of being willing to extend republicanism throughout the globe, ...: i. ii ...i wujinisi/ nun niu&u wU(J Ul'C nearest to us. TFe havo lamented the selfish policy which, in obedience to old traditions and obsolete ideas, would isolate us from all the sutl'erings and strug- I gles of our fellow men in other lands, and make it criminal to aid ?those'j]eflbrts, . w hich in our own case, it is doubtful) would ever have ueen successful without such aid from others. Unhappily, however, the views ofI thoso who were cither opposed orindffcr- ! cnt to the struggles of the Cuban pat- | riots, received a support, which we did j not anticipate, from the very stringent | and decided course of the Government, I ..u :?... ji._ i m an nr> iwitu LU I I UDM <IU: tHU designs ut' the patriots. An obsolete lanr was revived, and alatitudinorian const! uction is given it, in order to circumvent the patoiots. Spain, who had no particular claims upon our liberality and kindness, was taken under the winoj of our government, O.wl KinmamrJ authorities to save her from the ovils ol Republicanism. We do not charge the administration with being prompted, by other than honest motives; but we do think that it went further 4han it was required by any strict law, or by any duties it owed to (Spain, in preventing the ! .' J 1 ' i expedition, aesigneu 10 revolutionize Cuba. But let us drop the disagreeable past, and j(ook hopefully to the future. The Cuban patriots, in this country, are undismayed and unconqu^.-ed. They renew their labors, in the cause of liberty, with cheerful spirits and bright hopes. A lit.t.ln tiirtrt .w.J ? t"""?'""I arc now required to accomplish, what no wise man will doubt i3 an inevitable ovont. We parted a few days ago with one of these patriots, wbo lias boon sojourning in our city during the. past eunimt r. l ie is the gentleman whose name i.' left in blatik arnoncr the signers to Hie nroclama lion of the OuntA. During his residence here, he made many pcrsonol friends; bntVhatisof more value to him, he made hero many friends to the iudepon nee of Cuba; whoso voices will be heard, and whose arms will he felt, when the hour for notion comes His onlm, philosophic, self-Dossesscd, and highly uiiuiiiguiib r11111 uf uiii'ihuu n nwuui \\\?\u, and knowledge through this community, in felrttion to the condition and prospects of the Cubans. When we bade this gentleman farewell, his bright eye beamed with hope, and his paie, care and sicknes worn countenarico radiated with an expression of heroic enthusiasm, as he de ciai'cd, as his last worai, "Uuoa will yet be free.".--/V. 0. Delta. * too . } u.'.a' h ' British Piracy on the Pacific coast.? The seizure of tho island of 2igre, oy the British, demands the prompt attention of! our government. ^ This island is situated in latitude 15 deg. north, exactly opposite, and commanding the harbor, where tho proposed ship canal ucrcss Nicaragua will enter the. Pacific. TnUinn- ?lw> ?? ?? I & ?..x^ ical seizure of this important point in connexion with the previous seizure of the port of Ban Juan at tho Atlantic terminus of the canal, it looks very much like ;i preconcerted and deliberate plan on the part of the British to obtain possession of his pass by foul and violont means, in i i-i 1 - i i * 1 n iiijrii-iiiiuuuu mm ana msoicnt aenance ot the undoubted rights of the United States have peaceably acquired there. It seems that Tigro island haa been ceded to us by its rightful owner, tho government of Honduras; but Consul Chatlield, tho insolent British official, with full knowledge of our title, seized upon it by force, with as much coolness as if it had been some East India possession, which tho rightful owners would not have sufficient strength or spirit to defend against Baitish rapacit ty. This fellow has been playing this sort of game, on both the Atlantic and Paoific sides of this region, in a very novel and astounding style. In addition to T; :..i i i.~ i? " lajuuu, iiu uiis bi'.izcu upon an me islands of the Gulf belonging to Honduras, and also upon the ports of 7'ruxillo and Moro. Ilis conduct has been rather that of a Spanish bucuncer, roving the main without law or license, and liable at any moment to be hung at the yard arm, f.llftn (liilt. nf tlin rofpnnmcnntiil!..? a civilized and law respecting nation. Yet there is very littlo doubt that ho is backed up in his fantastic tricks by his master at home, Lord Palmerston, who has probably given him instructions, and is watching his lawless proceedings, prepared to avow or disavow them hereafter just as may Happen to be most convenient. We should think the time had fully nr rived for this administration, if it retains any re. pect either for itself or the country, to interpose, and to puv. stop to these very extraordinary British antics It is one of the old pastimes of that ra pacious power to seize on islands and ports at ? ..... iiuuui suuiu imnsy pretext; auu to Hold them until unresisted occupation grows into conquest . But they arc not to be nlowed to play this piratical game intho vlmerican seas, without a determined, and if need be, an armed resistaucc.?Hartford Times, G old.?From tlio gold mine recently discovered in Montgomery, Mnry land, large quantities of ore have been raised, which will yield at the rate of $1000 in pure gold to every ton of the ore. CONGRESSIONAL. In the proceedings of the Senate on the 31st ult., we lind the following: niCi Vil 1 Ul' A JI I'j BALI liAKlik Mr. Underwood, also presented the petition of William Smith and others, members of the church of Latter day Saints, asking that the application of the Salt Lake Mormons to be admitted as a State into the Union, under the name of the State of Deseret, may not be granted by Congress; which was referred to ne ri_ A ? --- '? ?< v/uiuiuiLicu on i urmones. Mr. U. said that the memorialists represented in this memorial that they beonged to the church or sect more commonly known by the denomination of Mormons; that they represent that, prior to the emigration of those people from Nauvoo, in the State of Illinois, 1,500 of them took the following oath. ' Y ou solemnly swear, in the presence of God, 11 is holy angels, nnd these witnesses, that you will avenge the blood of Joseph Smith upon this nation, and so teach your children; that yoxi will from this time hencefoith and forward, begin and carry out hostilities agaio?t this nation, and keep the same intont a profoufld secret, now and forover, so help you God. The memorialists further represented ' that these people, since their settlement, had, by their principles and by thoir institutions, tolerated polygamy, and they charged upon them various oifencea and crimes, and called upon the authorities of the nation to establish a system of government by which the-s? crimes, perpetrated there, as they alleged, should be arrested. &inco receiving the memoiiul. Mr. U. had seen in a newspaper what he would read to the Senate; [Tho extract read was from tho Western Missouri ^Reporter, and siaUd that tho ^formons, at tho city of the $alt Lake, had seized upon citizens of Afissonri, who wore passing through their val ley, ana lawlessly tried them for having aided in their expulsion frpm Missouri,' A Mr. Pcmeroy tind Mr, Wilson had both been thus seized. The Mormons had also imposed a tariff of fifty per cent upon u!l goods {carried torough their nnnnh'u fr.-iiv. Ilia .l5fal*sl If llicro was any truth in what lie had just read, it would be scon that this people were about to carry out tho tenor of the oath taken at Nauvoo, which ho had previously read. Mr. Foote requested the /Senator from Kentucky to repeat his preliminary re murks, inquiring whose memorial this was. Mr. Underwood repeated that the memorial was signed by William Smith and Isaac Sheen, representing themselves as the legitimate successors and presidents of the Church of Josus Christ of Latter Day Saints, and claiming to be the legitij mate successors of Joseph Smith, and signed also by twelve others, members ot the church. These persona lived in Covington, Kentucky. The paper had been regularly mailed to him from that place. Ho trusted that the memorial would be referred to tlio committee on Territories, and that some investigation would be made into the matter. Mr. Douglass Before the reference is made, I deem it duo that I should. I make a remark unon one hrnnoh oftlio subject to which the senator has called the att ntion of this body. In regard to the memorial, nnd the statements contain cd in it, I know nothing, nnd therefore can give no explanation about it. But I have observed in the newspapers the article which the senator has read; and meet ing with Mr. Babbit, a delegate elected and sent here from tho provisional gov I eminent 01 i/eseret?Deing tne govern| ment the 3/ormons have lately established for themselves, in the absence of an action of Congress in their behalf?1 asked Mr. Babbit if lie could give me r.a explanation of the statement, that the Mormons had cssumed the right of imposing duties upon goods ' passed through the valley. //e stated to mo that this transaction was alleged to have occurred since he left, but that this was what he understood to be the itiue of the facts: that these people having assembled in large numbers in the valley of the Salt Lake, and made their permanent home there, and established a city, found it nee essuiy to establish also a novernment for their protection until Congress should pro vide one for them: that Ihey found it nec essary, vrheu th?y established n government to provide the menus of revenue to support tlmt government; that one of the means taken to provide a revenue was the exaetien, by that government, cf a du ty upon all goods brought in and xrid within the city of tlie Salt Lake, whether Dy Mormons or anti-jWormons, whether by residents or non-residents; that the Mormons and anti-Mormons, residents and non-residents, were placed upon an equality. I asked him if tliis duty was imposed upon goods passing through and goings bej ond, and not to be Tcuded iu the city, lie assured me that it was not; that larcre nmouiltaof ornnds. InrcrA onifi. O ~~ " , *" g"- V*" '* vans of goods, had passed through and were never molested. He assured me, furthermore, that these caravans sold their goods upon the prairies outside the limits of this jtformon settlement, immediately outside, and without any such duty; and that the duty was only imposed upon those who retailed thetr goods inside the limits of the city; was imposed on an alike, and was imposed mrre'y for the purpose of providing a revenue until Congress should provide a government for them. This was the explanation that Mr. Habbit, a delegate from the Territory clcctcd to represent them in the other branch of the Capitol, gave to mo. 1 feel it due to the Senate, to the country, and to these people, t.tftke thisexplana tion, that it may go out with th? state* ment of the Senator from Kentucky. I know nothing of tho facts, other than as I have slated, and I give the authority upon which I h vc made these statements. Profits of Plank Roads.?The W>iterville and Utica road, nineteen miles iong? and costing $84,000, has just declared a dividend of ten per cent laid hv for repairs. The Uiica and xiiidgcwHti-t road, twenty miles long, coating $10, 000, pays 25 per cent. Negro fellows, (common field hands) sold at this place yesterday, at publio sale, for over #1000, One sold*for-'Up, 80. This is higher thfm negroes Vavsold for u number of yews. Wo wbui,. admonish the ulni.'.trs mminui in...., I - r ; "O T'V " 1 I such exorbitant prions for negroes, for ii cotton wore suddenly to i*t<>lin?% they would decline with it, and th?r modtdisustrous consequences wonld ensue. Out j advise is, never buy negroes when they arc selling high, for there are ten changes of their falling to one of their isiajr.?. Forsyth Bee. Iflc who anticipates Iim inuciiiwi.'o .t. be tho iuheritor of beggary. ... v. - T\ J ? *