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Agricultural Farm Lkbor Its Scarcity?How Labor May be Saved?Cultivate Less Land and Make Wiser Application of Fertilizers. | (A paper read at tlie meeting of the Richmond County, Ga.. Farmers' ' Club, by Dr. .). P. H. Brown,) Labor on the tartn a?ul in (lie home has become a qutstion o' serious consideration. M :chiner.\ and all necessary agricultural implements may be on hand, lor ~r the execution ol the worn, hull unless the required labor is there the work is obliged to stand still. The only independent lanners and housekeepers we have now are those who are able to do their own work without calling in ou1side labor; those who are dependent upon hired labor are often put. to great pecuniary loss by not getting it done at the proper time. 1 do not think the labor conditi ens can be improved!)/ passing resolutions or recommending this law or that law tor its rectification. Every year labor becomes scarcer. Factories, railroad count ruction, and other public works. < take the best irom the farm. They go where they can get better wages. The majority of those ' xniti remain are Ihzv, trifling and inefficient. The capital stock of the unskilled laborer is the degree of his physicial ability to execute V Work. He has a perfect right to * trade or sell this for the most r money he can get. No one can blame him. To meet this condition and increased cost ol labor will necessitaie a complete revolution in agricultural m tnagexnent. In the first place the employer should have a clear conception ot the value of labor. The cost should be gauged by the kind of labor or by the skill required. The brain-worker who pores over bis books until his eyes grow dim and his head dizzv, commands more wages than the man who shovels dirt. The hand who can direct the plow?knows just >what plow to use on a certain lot ground, and what to use, at a certain stage of growth of the crop; how to apply his fertilizer, how to economize his time and vpush his work, is certainly worth ^ more to his employer than the scamp who wastes his time, slights his work and expects honest Daw for dishonest wnrL M. *> ? ? ? Al Labor it* the foundation of capital. Every dollar the farmer takes in from the sale of his produce, and every dollar he pays out was obtained either directly or indirectly of labor. Kit her by his own labor or by "wage labor. Labor is expensive. JL 4tThj hands take all the profits in the buhiness," is a cry coming . from 5(1 per cent of farmers. In most of these cases I am satisfied it is correct. The only remedy that I can see is to economize labor. To work fewer, but more efficient hands, and demand more I efficient work from those that i you do employ. You ask the i question: IIow can this be i Department. done? Right here starts I he n w I era in farming. First, by the use of the inosi modern agricultural implement*, 1 * ami laoor-saving m a c h i n e s Among improved implements I may name the gang plow, which can be used on mos^ ol 1 ni I The disk harrow, riding cultivator, manure spreader, which can do the work of 6 or 8 hands, the crop harvester and shredder, | reaping machine, etc., etc. It takes capital to purchase improv ed machines. Not one farmer in filly would he able to purchase a full outfit. Then, how can it be done? Only b\ union and .on cert of action. Let A. buy one machine, B another, and C. an other and so on. Then woik by turns. Ever bear m mind that k,in union is strength." Every neighborhood should have its farmers' union. Such coteries ot farmers, conducted in a friendly, brotherly manner would soon consign little petty prejudices and jealousies to the shadow ot oblivion. SECOND, INTENSIVE CULTURE. One of the biggest losses to the farmer by wage labor is, when he .narks out more land than he can well manure and cultivate. According to Georgia statistics it lakes, on an average, three acres to make one bale ot cotton; and ten bushels of corn per acre is the acreage yield. If you can get by improved culture, one bale of cotton per acre, and from 20 to 30 bushels corn per acre, you can save two acres of plowing and cut tivul intr 11*J~ v?iv> Klfc/Wl 111 niling the work, besides the wear and tear o! plows and teams. Remember labor is money. Intensive culture calls into action the best thoughts of the farmer. He has to learn what to do; how to do; and when to do. It affords a great field for the young farmer to sharpen up his his ideas, and encourage his enterprise and industry. Third, a large amount of labor can be saved by a wiser appl'ca tion of commercial fertilizers. It z _ _ r x.i - - ? its h iaci mat the effects of commercial fertilizers on light soil deficient in humus or vegetable matter are scarcely perceptible from the unfertilized portions. The fertilizer that is used on such land deficient in vegetable matter is virtually lost. Hut it costs the farmer money that was obtained by labor. Had that fertilizer been applied to land containing humus the results would be satisfactory with a corresponding increase of crop. But as it was, the labc expended in plowing, planting, applying the fertilizer and cultivating was thrown away. "Curtailment of acreage" should be the farmers' watchword. Apply more manure and rftmnnol Tu u n. ? v-uai""" IUUH3 Ullie to prepare the land and give bet ter cultivation, and increase your crop by intensive culture and not by increase of acreage ?Mr. Herbert Horton, son of Mr. II. H. Horton, of Ilealh Springs, who lias been running as express messenger over this division of the Southern, has been transferred to Winston, N. 0. 4 I A Talk to Farmers. I By Georgia's Commissioner of Agriculture?Good Advice tc the Tillers of the Soil. ? ? * 'ij> not. allow the present price ot cotton to allure you into planting this crop to the exclusion ot the !o >d crops. First, raise t hose I hings necessary to t tie life and well being of man and beast, raise them plentifully, then make just as many bales of cotton on just as tew acres as.possible. Do not waste the timber on your larms, or dispose of it. for a mere song, but preserve the forests as much as possible. Study your biisine-s as a tanner, build up the waste places and not let a day pass that something worth while has not, been done. Or ganize and 'pull together' f< r moral, soci il and material uolilt ing, and lor the protection of your homes, and in a lew years I Georgia will blossom as the rose Educate your sons, not so much with the idea of entering the always crowded professions, but hold before them in your own lite and example the dignity of labor and fit them as skilled me chanics and husbandmen, and^ a civilization broader and better than now exists will be the result. Factories will spring up within hailing distance of the fields, money that now unnaturally flows from the state for the purchase of finished products from other sections will be kept at home. Then, and not until then; will the people ol the south come into lull possession of their rich heritage." | - ? | Kershaw County Farmer Sustains Heavy Loss by Fire. Camden special to the News and Courier, Nov. 15th: Mr. Wiley Vaughan, who lives about seven miles north of Camden, sustained a heavy loss by lire last night, ilia residence, kilt lien, barn and stable were ai 1 consumed, together with their contents. A pair ot mules, $300 in cash and about 400 bushels of corn were included in the losses. His horse and buggy were all he saved from the lire. So far as could be learned he had no insurance. It would be a good idea lor every city, town, village and hamlet along the line of any rail toad, says The Four-Track News, to put up a sign or two somewhere in proximity to the railroad station setting forth the name ot the town and whatever claim it has for historic, residential and industrial interest. Travelers often wonftox - .. u..Uvi| n Hon m n hi it comes to a slop, what the town is that spreads out before them and wherein lies its excuse for being. True, the railroads are doing a great deal to exploit and adver lise the attractions, scenic and commercial, ot most of the more important places, but it wouldn't be an altogether bad idea for the towns to do a little something themselves, if only to set up a bulletin of facts for the enlighten ment of the passing traveler. MONEY TO LOAN. I urn prepared, as usual, to negotiate loans, on Improved cotton farms, in suuis of (300.00 and upwards for five years. Interest at 7 per cent on sums of (1,000.00 and over Under (1,000.00. 8 per cent. Interest. No brokerage Ior commission charged?only a reasonable fee for abstract of title. R. E. WYL.IE, | Allornev-at-L.aw. j Town Properly for Sale. The following lots in the town of Lancaster, S. C., belonging to the estate of the late Mrs. Julia A. Taylor will be sold at public auction at Lancaster court house the first Monday in December next, to-wit: The vacant lot corner of Chester- [ Held Avenue and Market street, lying j West of L. C. Lazenby's residence, containing 3 acres?lot capable of j division into several desirable building lots. Also lot,'vith commodious, 2-stor> dwelling thereon, south of I anca<ter & Chester Ry depot, formerly occupied by Col. 11. G Moll wain. A perfect, guaranteed title will be given purchaser or purchasers. The heirs of Mrs. Taylor being all of age will join in execution of titles. W ALTER S. TA V LOR. M RS II. G. MCI LWAIN. M ISS .1 C LI A A TA V I.OR, J . BURROUGHS TAYLOR, Heirs of MRS. JULIA A. TAYLOR, j HURRY! 0 "^ZOU can hurry me all y< ^ X. stuff for your THAN 4) thing you can name that y ^ and get your orders filled co 1 ? ries, Olives, Cranberries, Cra ^ Catsup, Preserves, Sarato, ^ Cakes and Crackers, Cheese J Dates, Citron. Just anythii ? Huyler's Ca.nrV A ~ * | J. 5. MAC [WAN iug uauuig 1 We have the Bij Cheapest Stock o! ever had. Webo> cotton was chef higher prices, f such being the c more goods than Our stock of dress / S NEW AND We pride oursel medium hrino/i 1; % jyt 4VVJV1 11 ING in the tow: well-assorted and I GENTS' FUl And at prices tin tion?quality con When you think of I SHc Think of us. We carry the styles and quality. We hi Shoe for men, and Kippendo pair guaranteed. Give us a call ; we welc or not. Yours, with Honest Goo I Fundc wmammmmmmmmmmmmmammm I Notice | To the overseers of the Public R<>ads of Lancaster Comity. I again ask yon all to warn out your hands and work each of your j sections of the publicmads, many | days as the law requires or until you | get your road in good condition. I want to find that each section of road in the county is worked good between iins ami me last day of November. Ah you all know you can't do much food working the clay roads during t he winter months. The grand jury held a meeting on the tlrst Monday in September last I and tequested me to give notice to all of the overseers to put four days' work on each section of road by the llrst Monday in Oct. and for each of I you to make a report to ine that day And I did so, but many of you failed I to work or to make any report. So I I kindly ask you a!l to read the report I of the grand jury at the last term of the court. You will see by that report that they want to have the roads worked better than they have ever been in the past, < r have the law enI turned against anv one who fails to | discharge his duty. Let. every one I do bis duty, and the law will not be enforced against anyone, but otherI wise, they say it must he done. ?, ..v.. .1 = ' - I . nm- unt* inuice ineretore and govern I yourself accordingly. Respect fii'ly, M . C . Gardner | Co., Supr. HURRY! t HURRY! t want to ; I have got the v KSGIVING Dinner. Any- ^ ou will want. Call on me ^ rrectly and at once. Cher- ^ nberry Sauce, Celery, Pickle, ^ ga Chips, Candies, Honey, J , Maccaroni, Nuts, Raisins, ^ ig you want. 17 fnr Ho dole ^ j a v/ a xy VJClli3> ^ ;Rorell | TED ublic to Know ? ?gest, Best and f Goods wo have ught goods when ip, anticipating md, of course, ase, we bought usual. GOODS I COMPLETE. ves 011 the best ine of CLOT fill. We carry a up to date line ?NISHINGS. I at defy competisldered. )ES I rn in an endless variety of uirlln t-lm L * i *JI WUSI1 V^USMOIl >rf Shoe for women. Fvery ome you whether you buy I ds at Fair Prices. jrburk Co. |