University of South Carolina Libraries
SOUTH/ERN +: f . OPICS Ot INTERESI TO 1HF PL.ANT4 Fertilizing the Crop. The primary object in using fertil izer is to produce a larger yield of the cro'i that is to be imnediately grown, or is already growing, on the land to which the fertilizer is to be applied. As a rule, it contains from ten to six teen per cent. of more or less prompt ly available plant food. In other words, a commercial fertilize' con tains in every 100 pounds weight from ten to sixteen pounds of available phosphoric acid, either alone, or that amount of phosphoric acid and pot ash combined, or of tihese two an( nitrogen conbined, mnaking in the lat ter case what is called a "coinplete " fertilizer. Now this ten to sixteen pounds In each 100 pounds of the for tilizer is supposed to be, and should he, practically soluble and available at once, or within a week or two, for the use of the crop, says Virginia Carolina Fertilizer Almanae. The remaining portion of the for tilizer, or eighty-four to iniety pounds in each 100 pounds, Is a mixture of insoluble phosphate and sulphate of lime, some sand, water, organic matter and other things that are necessarily incident to the manufac ture and cannot be economically re moved. They are of very little imme diatr value to either the crop or the soil. So when we apply a high grade fer tilb::er to the soil the object. is to sup ply the plants with soluble plntt food and licrcase the yield of the cotton, grain, gras or wi;tever the crop may be. Ilcidentally, h "m'.v, r, ihis fertil izer doc5s help the hane1, b)ecause it. in duces a Ini'ger growtlh of stalk, roots and foliage of ti plauns---or those parts that will be returned to and be come part of the roil. A dose of this fertilizer, for Instance, not only in creases the size of the stalks, the fol iage, hulls and (ither parts that go inmediately back and forma a part of the soil in the shape of humus (de cayed vegetable matters). But the principal way to imp,"ove the soil it self Is to add ve:;etable matter to it in the form of stnble minure, renova ting cro)i;, rota o fei (,' cro,s, etc., in a more dir;ect. ma'n-tr It w o u ld ^~ ^n : :i i f ?: t, th e n , if w e wish to inc:'eam", t le yield of corn, cotton, w . : . r ,e tc., ta the feritilhi' 8. all ".)m iia the' tl' "elemcliiis" oi' I't !t fo),l in the pr'o portion", ihait n1!(, is v d to the particula, ecum.n i. h i ,artir nla rly amlount. (f f.a riilv:c mr nere-. Ini s'uch cas.' thi e iel-t stupiy, in1 the natural soil, of epy V ne or mor0e' of the threte ' "valuabile" it' eVCilens ( thor' phlOr'ic a(ji, n'Iitgni and omTh) neecd not lhe specially3'nn'rlo'redl. According to c'ari'Cully condnetedIoc field exper'imenlts, co1nnei'd at man.v of the experimenxtstations, it has bieen found that cot ton requires a f'ertilizer' thlat containls abiout onei parltt each of nitrogen and potash and1( 3 1-3 1)arts oIf available phOsphoric aid(. Thisl demand11( would he met by a fertilizer' cont aining 1e (' er0) cent. available p)hosphor~iie acidi, tree peCr cenllt. (If niitrogenl and1 three"0 per centt. of pot - ash1; or', us ordin arily expressed, a 1 0-.'-- fortilizer1. One ana lyzinug 9----2.70.-1.70; orI 8---2.40--2.40; or 7-2.1 0--- . 10, ofte., wvould answer julst as well, 11rovided these lower grades be appllied in heavier qiluanti tics. So it has been rounti that corn, su garcane, soirghum1), grass:es and1( other crops belonging to thle grass family resplondI hest to a fertilIizer that shall contain teti pa1rts of p)hosphoric neid, five par1tsl of nItrogen0t anid two parts oIf p)otash----or' a 1 0-5--2 fertilizer'. The followving formulas are in pre cisely the samio priopiortions, only they are' of lower grade, and( would give prtical ly the sam reuniCit s ontly when a coresponintgly la rger api cation shll hIe made Pl 1)- acre-- viz., or 7---3. -..4*10. and So) on1. Of cou rse, thIeMe low 'r gr2di-s ennf h)e rohl at lower'Ia rics thian thIe 111ghl grades, but, al a1 ruile, thle farmerc will iid It mlore 'Ci enomical to l-ly th hig fiavinlg of fre ilht, thePI I ( lae bing r: cisely the s:i fe, per' t en, for' both h ih and low grades. Yn1)lue of a1 Cow. In . .idetain g to1 p1lace an eat i mato11 on the value (1 a cow the ex:act almnount ('f milk and( buitter' fat pio duced 110hould he de:.termnlhed. Most 1)eopl1 when estinmating the value of a cow w'ill be largely in fluenced by the statemeon\s mlade by the owvner' of t he lt1imbler of gallions sof milk she will pro:luce. Th'lis in formtatilon is usually13 very misier.ading, as5 most8 pers.ons doi not take inlto conli sidertItion the foa m inl milk, and1( again, thle lparty wishin)g to) Sell a cow will SOmletHimtc exaggerateiu to in im ORM : 0TES. 8, StOCKMAN AND TRUCK GROWER, measured, should not be given any consideration, but to know the e-cact amount of milk a cow gives it should be weighed with an accurate scale; foam adds nothing to the weight of milk. When the milk from a cow is weighed morning and evening, then her daily production can be esti mated, but it is better to know' the weight of milk produced for a num ber of consecutive milkings and to take an average of these for deter mining her daily production. After determining the amount of milk produced per day in pounds and ounces, then one should know the average butter fat contained therein. This can be determined by taking a sample from each mnilking, and form about fivo consecutive nhilkings, put ting these samples together and de termining the per cent. of butter fat in this composite sample. This will be an average per cent. of fat for the t!Ine during which the samples were taken. From the average daily pro duction of milk and the average per cent. of fat the averag-e amount of fat produced daily vnn be ascertained. As six pounds of butter fat thus de termined will make about seven pounds of butter, the value of the milk for butter-making purposes can he determined. As butter fat is the Foundation of cream, the value of the milk put into cream can be estimated. While this method does not give any idea of the amount of milk and but ter fat a cow will produce during her milking period, it does show how much she is producing in butter or 'reanm for the time being. No dairyman should be without this record of each one of his cows At any time. It will enable him to know when a cow is not producing tn amount which justifies her keep, lnd she can thctn be replaced with a better cow. Where records are kept a., has been suggested at the end of the milking period the amount of milk and the amount of butter fat from each cow can be estimated and her value for that period pretty close ly determined.--WVm. I). Saunders, Dairyman Virginia Agricultural E:. periment Station, Blacksburg. Hfow a 'I' Can Will Ielp. Manyr difierent recerptarles Iay be ised Iin which to glow planits so Vs o have theml of good size befor iut lnc them out in the field. Flow' )ols, paler pots, tomato cans, split 'ood be--.s n pa:per bc.s are 1)er' inlis the m1ost imp 1ortant . Of ths., ~O1)er 1)ot, tin cans and split wood ~oe ar'e hest, though for' a few ~ilnts poneor bags of two-pounId size, mlde of heavy ilazed paper', P.nawer' secll. Cut themn to four' inches ill bel.h t , fill with11 threeC in.c:hes' of ioilI TIhe cylinders mad'e from old tin aan.ls 'r fr'om1 tiln eccuIrd froml thle U iithi, are excel lent. If mladle from old tomato or corna cans, t.he c'ans shoulld lhe placed in a fire and1( heatedl just enoug '.h to cause the o]iS and biottomls to driop ofiY. 'The seali cnn he 111(lted alpart, too, hut it talkes a lit tle too much '1 heat, (enou1gh to ser'i o'lily inljtl' the (1ua'lity of the tin, so) it is host 1o open theam by cultting~ thiemi from top to bottom. TVhen wrap] a bit of wire aroun1d ther, to hold( them iln place, or bendl( the edlges withl a stove-pipie joint so they will catch and1( 11o1( in the forml of a cylinder,I 1n0 bottom anid of course 1n0 tOpl. Set these 0on a board in a framli or kitchen, or somewhere where It is warmi, fill with good soil and planit seeds of tomatoes, egg-plant and pep per1s, cucumbers, melons, cantaloupes anld squashoes for tho ear'ly crop. WVhen the planits ar'e well grown~ and( tho wcather is right, transp)lanit by scooping out a 11010 (10e1 enoughi to receive thle enll, s&t the can ill place, iunlock the joinIt or slip the wvire off mind thlere standls the lplant. in its hal af earth. Draw the earth u p about it, and that lilanat will never knowv it has chianiged itsi (uarlters.-- -J . Ii arold tllumelt, Ill thle Pr'ogr'esi.vo i.'armr. Whast t he Soulth1 Nee~ds. Thel g ea.t n: ewd for thbe d 2v:'lop uleni. of thle~ gri(cultura'~l rcu,lrers of :eeml to thinkd, but it is the' inculea ioll of righlt ideas alld co'rc rin~i1 ciples oIf agr'icuilture inIto theo miinds and practices of the pled we cl ready have, and nothinlg wvill (nfor(ce them1 5o muclh als th10 senreit y of M ~hor'. WVe cer'talinly don' t neOed labhor [o onI able 11s to mtakde mioire cotton. Tfhe fear~ thait wye will miakeO too much(1 cot tonili' ha) b'*05m as a n1ihtmartlo to the1 cottonl fa,i(er alr'eady. But we hIave not started to write about imm1igrailoln. We wanlt to talk about farming, aind weC meani farminag land; and if we en hellp some 51 sitrull giing farmer to got out of the 'l rt s and1( got Oin thio smioothi track, the '""'nn'e of this artiele will be accoum TAX FORTUNES, SAYS OARNEGIH. Predicts Dlay When to Make Money Will le Deemed Ignoble. The London Review of Reviews prints a striking article by Andrew Carnegie entitled "My Partners, the People." Mr. Carnegic expresses the belief that a millionaire ought to share his wealth with the poor, but with t'"e limitation that his fortune should not be divided before the mil lionaire's death. Then the commt lity should exact p large share, grad gaated in inereasing proportion to the c0:en"t of the dead lman's wealth. After advocating the British gracd uited cleath duties as a basis for dis tribtIion, MIr. Carnegie says: "Such contributions from the own ers of enormous fortunes at thcir d?ath would do much to reconcile dis-atisiled but fair minded people to the alarmingly unequal distribution of wealtih arising fromn the new ind u trial conlitions of our day. We shall ultimately have to consider the adop tion of some such scheme as a pro gressive tax on all fortunes beyond a cerin l amount, either given in life or bcqucathIed at death, so that it Will be impossible fc ' the owners of enormo:ls fortunes to hand no more than a cc,rtain amount to any individ ual." Mr. Carnegie humbly deprecates the claim of the merely wealthy to fame. They have no place with edu cated mcn, and they occupy a lower plane intellectually. In the coming day brains will stand above dollars, and conduct above both. The mak ing of money as an aim will then bo rated as an ignoble ambition. "WISE WORDS. Think not that thy word and thine alone must be right.--Socrates. Many a good man's purse is like a siphon, the very emptying of which Insures its refilling. - Arthur Ed wards. Our grand business is not to see what lies dimly in the distance, but to do what lies clearly at hand. Carlyle. Courage is a sort of armor to the nmind, and keeps an unwelcome im pression from driving too deep into percelition.---Eilmes. It is only an error in judgment to make a mistake, but it shows infirm ity of character to adhere to it when discovered.--Bovee. To be truly happy Is a question of how we begin, and not of how we end; of what we want, and not of what we have.--Stevenson. Let a man learn that evertihling in naL1r1, even motes and f('aters, goes by law and not by luck. ;rd I hat w: hat he sows he reaps.--E1mer son. . .foy is a working thing. It builds ip whbile it (1nlarges the whole na ture. 11. is the wine to strengthen the heart, to brace it to carry noble en Shall a mnechlanical experimen,t succeed infali ibly, andl the 0ne vital expermimin at of lhuimaity re main a chance? Is corn to grow by mnethodi andl efaracter' by caprice?-Ienr'y D)rummnond. T(oo many strictures as to childish conduct are like elastic garters seen too oftn mOin stoiut li tt.le legs. They" impede the moral ciirculation, and sh ould( be fot' thle'most part laid aside. Eiiza beth Crilnnell. If your [a ithI in God is strlonger for' every' humble task in which you netd and get is aid, then that hunmle tak Is necessary to the fulIness of your faiih In God. It will make the music oft your life mote firm and solid.-Phtillip1s Prooks. 'We often do more good b)y 0our symphiathly than by our labors, and rendoer to tho world a more lasting service by absence of jealousy and recognition of merit than we could ever' rendler by the 'straining effor'ts of per'isonah aimbitlin.---Archmd(aconi F"arrar. God's. thoughts are not as our thoughts. De)ar' as our huappinhess Is to IHum, there is somnethilng wvithin tis whIi chI is mnore pircious In HIls sight. It is of fai' less4 ('onsequence, in any~ divine estimate of things, how miuch a man suffers than what the mani is. --Austin Phelps. A T[ale of British Adul'eration. Edwvard C'oinnor, wrilting foi' lie Practical Con feeIloner' a mi HIaker o used in (candly muainufne:tire in (Gr1t rI tltain red(s arte t he most pop)11 i. yell ows aric seconid ii fa '.ru, andu browns, blues andI gricus of' les esteem, .lie slates t ha. ini Franice t he reds al lo wed by law forn this 1)1ur pIose ar icoc0(hii nl, maiddori anid Br'azi.l w'.ood; of yel lows, tumeric, fustice, F'renchi beirries, Persian hemr ries and1( saffrion. ir. Conno~r stte wirite - auidles are do0ctored'~ wit h sul ph ate of Ii me, dour I, terrna albha, plr ter' of Par'is aniid 'Utheinial saltIs. Prus sie a cid(, (conltainledi In the (!ssecet(~ of hitter almtondsk, Is ahmo said to hE) larngoly ini use1. 'T'e fact tht a lead. lng trade jout inc of thme Em pire gives' r'oomn to tile article ini qulest ion Is warrant for the suipposi tioni thatd it holds some tiuthI. Possibly there is any disturbatco they were creating throuii#:,out the cntire house. A short. call without-the lirevailing ei";fous de:ire to "see the sick one" is sufiiicelt and will be more truly appreciatel by the household and Prove an un:1mixed blessing to the pa tient. And if sonme little delicacy be taiken to ie" it should not be asso clated with the medicine bottles, but lkeplt. out of the room or at least out of the sighr of the sick person. 'These :;hover: of kindness with good will 111: '"it so oftenl r'Silt in h rm to the suYf:ria n one thia" too much thought ad care (an not b) given to sUch vis its. An(1 yet !he:s;' evidilens of thoughtl: - :sare of everyday o( en ilcIVe . - Evaliic, in NationaX StockmI ai. . IIOW TO LIPT T1111 BABY. As thero is a right and a wrong way of doing everyching, the holding and lifting of a baby is no exception; therefore the young mllo,her must learn the knac;k as w. eil as the father, who is uslaiiy iy)ore or les.; awkiward for a greater ieI gtih of time. Fortu nately for the baby, he sleeps the greater part of thve first few ml!onths, so that Vlhile, to most people, he feels like a good sizcd jelly fish, ready to slip fron the mnds witionli a mo ment's wrin'i: itg, there is little neces sity for lifting or carrying him about, and the eldi"rs learn tlir task grad ually. 1e;in at the earliest possible mo ment t') lean the right way; that is, when holding the child iin the right hand form a suiport for the back of the head and neck with the left hand. In carrying, a baby hold it on the loft arm, forming a cradle. Somthe moth crs Carry the baby on the right arm and others -.' it is a good plan to aceustc to hold the baby on the Ir as to have the right free n whatever may be necessi In lifti from the crib, gather hi to,eihcm- at the botto.ni v :ight hand, and while dra Iowrn gently slip the left ha iN back until tho fingers su head while the a' u is a is back. Never c;asi an !id the body to ceitlily Ii'::ht ulnder the arn s will i)rove hiirtiful; when the or four y(:i. r01ol he mcay be raisml i Qis way wv a i no ill e fgetsi. pomi :ider, how 'Vrr, never(i to lift a (1hlid by thie wrist or hianad, as it Imt(Iy caiu:-:eC (iilocation. W\OMANx L.\N13 ON pflOFEggSO . The A m'ricjan iiw(oman ias an intel lec u al an'd womanly crecaturte was vig,or'ously defeinded by ILydia Kings inill Comma ndi(er against the attacks of P.oftessor' W. L. Tlhomasi., of the So (iolog' D)1:art ment 0o' the University Oi' Ch icago, whot plaie:; wontan Onl the intellectual plane of th.e s:avage, and wvhen slihe at temntts to rai: hersel f above thitat Plane i aSI thinae effort un his burning ihougtht on t he 5iihjecct I through the pngn;s 0f hiIs new'ohook, "S Cx an Socijety." ' i:'s. 0 C iut(der is; a worimr of (lie Self-Smippborting \tomten 's; frague ami: an ath ior. Mr is. Conmiunandter re'plIes: "Prioftstor PToiias is in an educa tional inast.itution where the women are walking ini and taking the pirizes away fi'om the men, and now whient (lie wvomen have won fairly he r'aises the cry that It ii not womianly. It wvas ma:n , anti Riot nature, who set the standards of so-called womanliness, Ii !? iaur diC(Id not) hIi ieve thiat thle in tellectuial wonman wa- i'wunotily sho wVould n( ot makP. e I intell (ectiial womn. "Of' Ihe thirty-five b,uilldii. coin posiig thie lii''sily of' Chicago gr'oupl (tn were built bty wonwn''. if lhe meaciisire ine-IatellectuiiaI ac: anlIsh mients by b)usinests abilify b t i.e say. thait Mrs. I Ietty Green couild hiy t ho Uivyersit" 'f C,'(hiean.o---and its pro fessors- - es over. iiIn enl Stucky All rnin aIs pre:nideint of sYeven corporai ions andI miadol $ I ist yeari. In 'T'X;s a Alris. P mIllion-ne':' ranch. "The - I o1' Ci igo, wherCio thiis pr -h les, is b,y gen eral Consen:s dams - -b. ' Ir ihan aniy 1)r' New' Yor5k awm ani conti minbg in hid(s for ie w'irguin thiecre is ai wvoman railri'gad buIld er. In N ebiuas ha a woman has beaten the giain trust. Ida0 ''Trbiell was thle fIrst to inakhe the Standar id Oil Comapaniiy his I eni to pubillic optinioin. No miai id that.''--New Yor li;F oniin; World(. Li idience. "Te evbilec sh ow.s, rs. Muil cahey, Ithat you thiew a sI one at ite const able." "'It shows more thanit that, yer honor'. It shows that 01 lilt him.' JuT (1Lan NE' COLOt:S. Spa';ing ot c'lot s .';ests con men'lt on thep;i:vaili lr)t. 'Though th1(I ay t .11:a iy('.1t) ( . 1'i s a lih ed in fa or, but are, in fact, still eX perim:'n,it;1. The,l jlronoun(ItCed( fav(i es dij1i n 1h S:'asoi Iave been V 'a n ig h t he ei al-:'cd into a gener0al termi thle berg y shades. They run from (rep Iil:)cirry in c l')th' and v'l vets to pale asilberry and even iight si rawb:'rry reds in evening crepes an( silks.-H-arpeir's B aar. JUMPIEIRS AND 1;RiAll)S. The "juiiper," by which popular lame the prity little garlmlent has become known Which practically creates an indoor waste fo; street Sit Its, is being transforned, and the short kimon1o slceve, as well as the slashed flowing slee:ve, is being re sorted to to give i the note of novelty to these Increasingly useful lit tle gar mlen ts. A marked feature of the winter and new spring design.; already pri vately shown is the trimmings of faney braids. They are soft meshed silky braids, from one to two incies wide, and are usl ahuadantly on all dress fabrics. They are put on in either flat or shaped bands.--Har per's Bazar. OF FRIEN)SHIIP AMONG WOMEN. "Can Womern Be Friends?" asks GcogIe eIl'y In hlarper's Bazar. "Sacrifices for the sake of love of 1;:at and offspring are recorded with out number, but female Davids and .)aimons are not readily discovered in either history or legeid. Professors of platonic aficetion continue to evoke jeers of Incredulity, and the traditional disingenuousness of 'dear est friends' still plays well its part in caricature. The changeableness of woman's nature hab become axioni atic. Can it be that, throughout the ages, even to these enlightened days, it has retained consistency In this re spect alone? It suffices for us to raise the question; to others of more certain mind we relinluish the haz ardous privilege of adducing evidence nd passinig judgment.'" A GOLlD.Y-N OPPORTUNITY. Autotuobijisis are not yet so com Illon in JiaS as they will b.., liut th sVmrti;ng spirit is high, atnd they v:ill get there in time. An enter'pri'sing automoebilisL, who is not a ii'aid to let her Outt occesional ly, is thte best man to meet t heo a ir at ins of a .J . a iane5 mit(i n, who has imitated thte wite irls' 1:rat'iCe andl advertis3d for a huisbantd. As tr'antslated by a corre sp)ondtent of the' Dunrdee Advertiser, her atppealI r'eads: "I am a ver'y pretty girl. My haitr Is as wavy as a (cloud(. My comp Ilex ioti has tite brillihancy and soft ness of a o we'. Ily3 O Pxpression is as mtobileC as thle leaf of the weepinig willow. My browni eye.; are lI ke two crece:nts of thle tmoon. I have enough worldly gooals to l',as happsily thlrouigh life with my huttsndh, hand itn band. gatz ing at the flow'etr by (lay and( thte mi(oon by night. If' t his shotld melt the eye of a mian who is intiellia:ent, auiable11( and of goodi a(dress, I will be h is for Ii Ie, and trepose w itht him later' in a totmb of red marble.'' 'Thiink of how a gIrl of these at Itra: tions and( en ter'prise would "rac'e a fast gliding auttonmobile. All thle hivelong day she would lie eneourag ing her cscor't to drive faster and go harttheor a ie ldI tInde1r thte cheer'fitl sun.. shine, takilng a hearty share of the joys thlat nevet' weary. Imfaginte ber' at the steitng wvheel wIth het' cloud (of wvavy hait' 5irenin lg behtin d and her mobile expressioni of face r ..-I) the enitvy of' all be'h olders.-S-elIahI, ill Auttom1obil" Aiagaz,ine. VITSITINO TiIJ' E;ICK.t One afternoonI, not man d 1'(ays a5go, I we uiihered 1ito a ei''k toost oat. 1as crowdhed v. ith frind. aruli iiitith hsoz.. iThe 1atien wasr~ve- lyinig tned' a H:aono .inut enouri.'h 1ight to ensablo, mei lor'o tinit t he strain0 of;thait ad of v n ots was faIt weartin g ott th'i fee ble streniglth Ott a niear-byv tible, alonig with a nlumbler' of m5edluiin hot tles, were^ to lbe seeni almnost I veriy kind and va i'iety3 of fond whlihel these kind frieinds had 1brotught to tenp t her'I ia -e( appe)1 tte. lI"('n to a~ person it good1 halth1 the sighlt of so mtucht was r'e Julsivye, anld to the sick It was aniy tlla g oust tempst itng. Thi oe personsa htad5 eomae ont a visit , am1( were sptend - In g tnie d ay3 ri ht in Ihe sick chamitberp with no~ thouight~ of the dhst.'eits and arm'si Iy were cautsing thte patttint. 'Ihe w omean in chartge of the house hiold dut ios was overtaxed wIthI the o<tr'a wotrk be'ing crtowded upion her' by thesne sympathetic frienids, btut no thought was gtven hbr' itmo.. ot. of