University of South Carolina Libraries
W ' W 111L UillUH TIMES. UNION, Wf The school system of the Greater Kew York will be at least tho secoud W biggest in the world. Among the many 'aitOiii'duTog feuturee of the vogne of the honr for wheeling is the hold which it has 6eonrcd upon public men, not only in the Old World, but also iu the United ; States. . Great attention is being drawn to the unparalleled influx of foreign oapi- | til into Russia during tho last two ' years, which is still on tho increase. , It has been calculated that within a very short time thirty-one now indus- , trial undertaking havo boen stnrted in ; Russia by tho Relgians alone, with a ; i<n..ii,.i coo ono Ann vi Vvv| vl,v/?vvv,? ? ? - - - V^- j William E. Smytke, who is an irr?- j gntion expert, savs the arid region of tho trans-Mississippi west measures north to south as far as from Montreal to Mobilo and east, to west further ; than from Boston to Omaha. Whon some cheap and practicable means of I irrigation is found it is expected that tho population of this region will bocomo greater than tho present population of tho United States. Tho appointmeut of Princess Henry j of Batteaberg to tho Governorship of ; tho Isleof Wight illustrates tho familiar ; trnth that precedent can bo found for i anything unusual in England if oua only goes back far onough. Tho bestowal of this office upon a woman is exceptional, but not unprecedented. .During tho reign of Edward III. tho widow of tho Lord of Wight succeeded him in tho Governorship when ho foil at Agincourt, and two other precedents havo been hunted up. An important discovery has recently j beeu made in Madagascar, which will ' havo tho effect of considerably incrcas- j mg the value of that island for France. ! Gold has been discovered between | Tamatave and Antananarivo, where tho conformation of tho country is [ very similar to that of the l?and. Al- | ready twenty-eight prospectors havo left tho Transvaal for Tamatave. j The French, however, aro placing every possible obstaclo in tho way of allowing foreign prospectors to commence digging. , The Atlanta Constitution remarks: 1 Though it may bo gratifying to our ; National pride to account for tho , yearly number of suicides on tho principle that intclligcuco begets self slaughter and thnt epidemics of suicide indicate a healthy tone of civilization, it is, nevertheless, a matter of profound sorrow that so many are drivon by tiie stress of circumstances to such extremes of desperation. It is also to 1 be hopod that if civilization has produced this niftnin thnt likewise suggest a remedy. Wo ure all too apt to jump at con- i elusions, protests the New York Wit- j ness, and this is a case whore a loose ' use of our mother tonguo helped that ! , tendency along. A few weeks ago a paragraph appeared in several of tho i Loudon papers giving an account o* , an accident that had occurred in Sloane stroot. A woman riding npou a bicycle had, according to this, como into collision with an omnibus, and i ; "the lady lost her head." At onco tho report bee uue current that a woman had been decapitated in Sloane street, i ! and the following week several of tho j 1 papers declared that terrible accidents j ' hail recently occurred, but that tho | bicyclo manufacturers had bribed the ( coroners to suppress tho reports of the inquests! j The records of the public schools of "New York City show that the attendance of tho Hebrew children is more regular than the attendance of the children of any uthi>r class, nul that their standard of schol.ir.ihip is higher. No sacrifice is couriered too great by the Hebrew father an 1 mother to keep their children at school as long as possible. A Hebrew who cannot read and write his own a lpmge at least is . be exception. An educational restriction on education would have no appreciable cllect in excluding Russian Hebrews. The Hebrews are a temperate people, and the saloon is not likely to become an element in their social 1 and political life. Instead of beer and strong alcoholic lienor-, they drink enormous quantities of tea an 1 coffee. Ruhr* w immigration is free from the objection so commouiy urgcl against immigration in general, that it increases crime and pauperism. The Hebrew quarter in New York, although more densely populated than any other teiii luent house district, :< lardy the sccue oi aeriou- brawls or M'LADRIN TO THE CADETS. AN'M'AL ORATION AT THK COMMKXCKMKXT IN SL'MTKIt. The AAvantases of the South Carolina military Academy to the State and Its People and the Reasons Why It Should he Maintained by the Public. The following are extracts from the address of Congressman .John I<. McLanrim to tho Citadel graduates at the recent commencement at Sumter: Mr. ( 7?</n,i 'i 11 n.ii <.'/n'f n )i iti' thi /liftril a/ I'initiu'iti I am fully sensible of the high compliment you have paid me in selecting one not a graduate of the Citadel to deliver your auuuul address. 1 can claim, however, ) a lineal descent, f<>r if I am not a son ! of the Citadel, I am a son of her daughter, the South Carolina Military Institute. I have always felt that the four years of steru military discipline, with its enforced habits of self-control, and the example ami influence of .a man whose guiding star is duty, has been worth j more to trie tbau any scholastic train- I ing received elsewhere. The first step towards success any- j way is to imbue the boy with the spirit of the soldier, for life is one long battle, and it is the soldier spirit which wins success; the timid ami irresolute are crushed and run over, ami the coward deserts, while the trained soldier, fertile in exp< diotits, tactful and resolute, pushes steadily to the front, until success crowns his efforts, or deuth claims him as her own. It would be presumptive for me, in the presence of men grow n graj* in the Kprvipp 11 f tin* tn unr tunoli concerning its history aud work. Permit me, however, to brietly allude to iis genesis, because in its original conception it is closely related to a few thoughts that I will express later. Col. J. P. Thomas, in his excellent work, givis a most interesting account of the early history of the Citadel. In l.s22 Denmark Vesy, a free negro, organized a most formidable insurrection iu the city of Charleston. He was out' of those bol.l, strong characters who are boru leaders of men. On Sunday night. June lb, the negroes were to rise and suddenly seize the Arsenal, Giuml House and other depositories of arms; then, reinforced l?v the country negroes, were to sweep the town by tire and sword. Through the defection of one of the c >uspiiators the plot failed, and Vtsy, with several others, was tried condemned and executed. The alarm caused bv this threatened outbreak led to the enlargement of the Arsenal and other military posts. Ten years later same the nullification excitement of 1832, and two hundred thousand dollars was appropriated for munitions of war and, as a consequence greatly increased the importance of the Arsenal. A garrison was kept up until 1.842, when Governor Richardson conceived the idea of using these military posts as schools, holdiuir that as thev had to lit; maintained, it would only be a ( small additional expense to impart inst ruction to the young men eoustitu- , ting the garrison. Thus we see the ( origin ami purpose of the Citadel was for public defence, and tllat the scholastic feature is u graft upon the old ( trunk. Therefore in purpose aud l practice the Citadel bears a close relation to the militia system of the country, and I desire to express a few thoughts on this line, for in it are ' some of the germs which must give life or death to us as a lb-public. There are two State West Points in the South that should forever command public confidence?the Virginia , Military Institute aud the South Carolina Military Academy. Standing out bold and unique, the "military set up" is as distinctive as that of West Point. True nurseries of the citizen soldier, , the safeguard of a republic. Long may they live! In every town in the Soiith their young men are found as ollicers of militia, imparting scientific and technical knowledge as a labor of ' love. Voting men. you may well bo proud of your alma mater. Hers is a glorious record, and it is f?>r you to see that the ( high standard ot excellence is main- ? t lined where a H a? ?o 1. a Capers, a 1 i I 'mwioril n:nl n TLointis plneeil it. <>n f?tii oecnsii'ii. ufter Home lniil been i -iei.e.1 by b irbu! ini.s, there was ?i i me ting of t ie >'Jinte to ieteruiiuc the ifiestton of removing the sent of Mm{ ire to iiiiothi r j Inee. 1 in counsels of the Weill; ntnl <le:ooriili/e?i were ' about to j r<'vnil. v. hen s <me bohl ol.l 1'oMiiili e\el:i:me<i: "l ouie torever'' It mi.s ebctricii 1 it. it- etVeet. I >o not pi rn.it the sent of your empire to be teiuoveil to mother plni'e. Her liotne isthe ' ('ity by the Sen," fnnneil bv j the gentle oco.in l?rce/e nUil the -ott breath of the magnolia A few heroic cM'lntmitions " l':;e ( itieie! forever! 1 mi 1 she live-. Senrr* .1 bv buttle, t >rn by c.nth ;unl;>' n::ii ib vn?tnteil l j- tire, 1 -in bus s-iruvi- 1 1t n'.i. What shnmu ' ninl ieu. my t > i ermit her, in thi> no..11 hiy . t life, to with. r nini .i;.' n . .w -I'l l .h :;th by .-tur\c.tto::. i: r i. nut. t ti, hn.b.!u the bec-'ir, stretch .1 b\ ;t; r. a 1 1 te'r'* . 1 \ b I - c ih t p-s. nt. .1 : ;. I ?*tiou nn.oug tii* nm--. lis:;t v are hi. t > Slot i t. it. h for C lltlie tl sel.oi -. it i:inii..t be. en:< . that our e iue.tn il b in to| h '. v. b Juele i . , ::: s t;: . t.. : i . . t. c - t it. ; r: .:. i i:. the Jeuliur V i : . ol 1 . . '! . : . I ^ literary training in duplicated in uiuny places, but the military nt few Have West Point. If I thought the destruction of every State college was necessary to give us a complete common Hchool system I would be in favor of doing away with them all, for I believe in the greatest good to the greatest number. This would not, however, increase one iota the efficiency of our commou school system. Indeed I think the contrary would be trne, for a careful study of the census will show that the States with tho best facilities for higher education have the best common school systems. In South Caroliuu it is certainly true, for since the building of Clemsou und the agitation upon the subject of schools there lius been a marked improvement in the free school system of this State, and there is a plenty of room for more. Some superficial thinkers imagine that State aid for colleges and common schools rest upon different goverment,.i ...... i-.: i iu j^a uivi|'icn, uvtuuoi; mc> uimui UUU Its for tho few, the other for the many. This is partly true as a fact, but tho man who uses that as un argument against .State aid for colleges fails to comprehend tho basis upou which rests the obligations of a Government to educate its children. Ho confounds the individual with that great complex aggregation of individuals called tho State. He utterly eoufuses private with public rights. Individually I. John L. McLunriu, Lave no more right to demand that tho State pay for the tuition of mv children than I have to expeet it to pay my doctor's bill, or other items of domestic expense. It is the public, not the individual, interest iu the matter which creates tho duty and gives importance to edu-' cation as a matter of governmental policy. Viewed in this light, it is easy to see that tho same principle applies to common school and college. Auother bus said: "State education rests upon great public grounds. Its foundations are political and moral, and it is ouly permissible from the close relationship which tho experience of ages has demonstrated exists between the public welfare and all the elenieuts of natiouil prosperity on the one band and the iulightcnment of tbe population on the >ther." It is not for the rich that State aid is wanted: they can get it anywhere. *ither iu or out of the State, but many i poor lad has been made a great man :hrough a collegiate education, State lid, when he could have received it in 30 other way. There should bo ample ,'ducatioual facilities in this State so hat none need go abroad for an edu ation. There is something peculiar about a military school. The uniform, the regular routiue, the discipline and formalities are fascinating, and for some natures no place will so well develop the best that is iu them. I know I needed just such training to hold me iu check. I often laugh now at how much we all stood in awe of Colonel riionms. His formal politeness, dignified bearing and military promptness ibsolutely overwhelmed us. He was a bigger mau to us than the "Cz^r all the Russia.*." Col. Thomas impressed two things on every boy. First, that Col. Thomas was the greate&t man ou mrth; second, that the boy was the next. How every boy that hail been up to some devilment trembled when we were drawn up in line and "the Colonel walked slowly up and down >iud looked at us. I have suffered the tortures of trial, condemnation and ejection, for I just felt he was looking right straight at me, and knew that I broke garrison last night. What a sign of great relief I heaved when he passed, and what a mental vow I swore never t?> do so nuvmore. To tell you tho truth. I haven't trot entirelv over it yet. I remember meeting "the ColDnel" (i few years ?go in Columbia, with a cigar in my-mouth, anil, boys, before 1 knew what I was doing, I slipped it out of my mouth, eased it round behind nio and out into the gutter. Perhaps I ought to suv, how ever.^hat it wasn't a very good cigar, but if :t had been a tiftv cent full Havauua, I would never stand up and smoke in Col. Thomas's face, and he is the last man ou earth that I would wish to know that I was guilty of a dishonorable or mean thing, and there is no treasure that I value more than I do his ooutideuco and respect. A teacher and a school like that is what I want for any boy. Young, gentlemen, fame and riches are to lie desired, but if all of us instead of devoting our lives to their mad pursuit would more cultivate and practice those simple courtesies, humanities and virtues which adorn and beautify human life, we would l e hapi>ier ami the world better. Fame and riches may be secured by low cunning mill rapacity. Arrogance and pertinacity may raise you far above your intellectual and moral superiors, and place one in the ehiefest sent of mnl?iti<>:i, !>ut vulvar admiration can never ntoiie for the conscious hick of those simple 1 >111 grand uttrihutes that constitute '.in- ideal of the moiiei geiitle11111:1. These fertilize the lowest grades ut httiiian existence aLi<l hest adorn the mountain tops. Indian (prising Threatened. j:ent i.-n *ile:ie-at lia-li-'i'ii -iuhi-'I hjr the r - t of a containing news of a t.'ir - it. u r;?ing of th<- I'itt U.ver Indian* 1; Iding. ' 1.. .I.:.;- '^ yarJ JS > ay of 1. ! ha-/ r- ! th ' : . >? i*--- and tie- author i- \v. 1'.t fanner with his family ir.th 'a t of (Til I'itt l v?'r. Ithoitt sixty h r . i f tleit -ity. Iluley statist in '.i r i'.t it a frii-n-Jly iiiaw me* to his i:. i fora > 1 liiiti t .at tiie warriors of t'i - l'.tt lliv. tr:' mteii I 1 I fiave a pow .i. ir ! - t it ii i ii ' . y Catherine as jf-ii* it. i designed to f-o. v t iejr ?avng?? orgies . n massacre of nil r \\!i iiw a. >ng lie' N'ortt: i . i*.it. Hut ? is orgunix1 t Juirr :.t t!:"thrente||isd ! in0.11 poWCfftll . . . r.- N rtin.Tli i a.; ;r A.GlllCUljIlJKAlk rOPICb OF INTERF.9T RKhATlVB .. TO FAR31 AND GARDEN. ? COST OF EOOS AND MEAT. The nutritive value of eggs and the cheapness of their production are scaroely realized by the public. It may aeem rather improbable to state that when meat is twenty-five cents a pound, the food value of eggs ia about thirty-Boveu and a half cents a dozen, yet this seems to be the fact. A nen may be calculated to consume one bushel of corn yearly, and to lay twelve or eighteen pound9 of eggs. This is equivalonc to saying that three and a tenth pounds of corn will produce, when fed to this hen, one pound of eggs. A pound of pork, on the contrary, requires about five and a third pDunds of corn for its production. Judging from these facts, eggs must bo economical, and esneciallv fitted for tho laboring man in roplacing meat.?Scientific American. CALVES AND ORAZIXO. Grazing is ordinarily desirable for attle. It is not always best for calves under the age of four months. While the dam that furnishes it milk is grazing on new tender grass, the calf is better dieted with bright, dry hay, if old enough to eat anything in tho way of provender. Tho milk :n such a case is strongly permeated by the grass and the calf requires the dry food to meet the loosening effect ou tho bowels. Dry oats ground and bran, equal parts,* mixed with hay chopped into fine bito, makes an excellent ration for calves when the milk is made entirely from'grass in the spring. It should be an established rule for the dieting of calves under three months old in spring, that the dams should have a daily ration of oats and bran if grazing, or tho calves must have if they will eat the ground oats and bran mixed with hay. It is an advantage, as a rule, if both the cows'and their yonug are supplied with all the dry, clear hay or bright oats straw that they will eat during the entire grazing season. The amount required win do email, as a rule. But tho digentiou will often be aided, and a tendency to bloat, diairboea, and other ills wili bo averted. The straw stack in tho pasture has saved a great amount of trouble on many stock farms. The observing stock breeder gives faithful attention to the wants of the grazing youngsters. ? Farm, Field and Fireside. "ire earliest soiling crop. To begin soiling early in the season you need to prepare the year before, either with a piece of clover to be cut early, or better still, winter rye, which is fit for cutting much earlier thau clover can bo cut and innke good feed. Our staple soiling crop, Indian corn, cannot be planted with advantage much before the 10th of May, aud it will take fully sixty days after before it is tit to feed. Millet and Hungarian grass mature more quickly thau corn, but thoy require still hotter weather to develop rapidly in, and if planted as early as it will do to plant corn, tho crop will be lessened. SVinter rye can bo grown largo enough to cut. by the middlo to 20th of May, according to the season. But rye is a very uusatis* factory soiling crop. Its season is very short, for, alter it shoots up to head, the straw quickly becomes wood} and unpalatable. At its best, it is not so good feed rs corn fodder when in tassel and with ears starting out from its sides. If you combine ensilage feeding in winter with soiling in summer, the best plan is to put up enough corn silage one season to last until June, by which time clover can be ready to cut. If thcro is enough clover, pieces of this can be cut in succession until the early-planted coru is ready to take its place. On rich land four and even live cuttings of clover may be made in a season, each one to be cut just as the clover is getting ready to blossom. If delayed much after this, the number of cuttings may nut be more than two or three, but tho quality of the clover for feeding will be better.?Boston Cultivator. THE AVERAGE FARMER'S I TEN. The day ought to bo forever gone by when farmers undertake a thing, | as we say, on general principles. The ; rule in the business world is to calcu! late in cold figures the cost of an aver| age undertaking, on the oue side, and i the advantages supposed to accrue on I the other. But how many farmers j have we ever heard of were over known to wonder nvcn ?? Hi" | able cost of keeping a hundred bens a ! year according to the slipshod methods common to the ordinary farm? The man who never figures on tho coat of a thing ne ver figures either on what he is going to get out of it. Where ; therein no thought, no plan, no push, there is very apt to ho little of any| thing else except loss. There is every ! xeasou to believe that the farm hen ! should be the most profitable of all J hens if her elTorts to do a man a good ; turn wore only guided by 1111 iuteli ligent and attentive hand. Uecauso 1 of a lack of any suspicion that tho lieu , would over be the means of making him any money, the tlfrmer permits her to .-hitt for herself under ail cir1 cunistances. To be sure, some farmers have a building they call a henhouse, iuit it generally leaks 111 summer and is a bleak place in winter. It is not a place for comfort nor health. Consequently tho hens do not do good work. '1 lay run to the op 11 or.hs oiten and <>et too fat i>>r laying eg:-. \ little eviry-day nticid.on would r< 'in ly all ' these tilings. There 1 nothing like , giving the in n-> a el. :.< (live the . hi n clean, fry .. r.r;< 1 . plenty 1 1 eXvr.1 . .. u y, thv rij,'g. i;t-. . Of ICOlt, KUU UlNftl) UOl CUUilui b#ui# generally, au<1 you have a machine j that will turn you out more money on I the investment than any other on tho farm. The only question is will you | do it??Nebraska Farmer. OCR AMERICAN RUTTEr.. Though America has carried off tho palm in many contests fow aro doubt* less aware of the fact that the finest butter in the world is produced by tho dairy farms of the United States. This is not a mere idle boast but a sober statemont which is capable ot proof. And the best part of tt is that England, whioh has never beeu accused of exccssivo fondness for this country, is forced to admit tue superiority of the American product. Several months ago tho British Board of Agriculture decided to make a teet of all tho batter imported into England, for tho purpose of ascortaming which country was ontitlcd tc tho highest award of merit. This investigation continued for no less than eight months, during wliict i timo as many ns 995 samples of butter | furnished by twelve different conn- : tries, were subjected to tho rigid process of examination agreed upon by , tho Board as tho best method of o'o tuiuiug tho information desired. As the result of this test it was found that six out of tho twelve countries had furuishod adulterated samples, while the remaining six had furnished absolutely pure samples. The countries which failed to stand tho tost were Belgium, Denmark, Clermauy, Holland, Norway and Sweden, ; couuted as one, and Russia. Of thest Belgium furnished tive samples, om ] oi wuicu wos auuueruieu ; ueumari i 182 samples, eight of which wore adul- j terated, Germany 154 samples, witl forty-throe adulterations ; Holland 25( samples, with sixty-six adulterations; Norway aud Sweden 100 samples, only two of which were adulterated, anc Russia forty-nino samples, with tive adulterations. On the other hand, those countries which furnished absolutely pure buttei were Argentina, four samples; Austria, fifty-seven samples; Canada, thirtynine samples ; France, sixty-two samples ; New Zealand, twenty-one samples, aud the United Statos, sixtythree samples. Of these countries the UnitedStato* furnished the greatest number of samples and is, therefore, entitled to the tlr-t place on the roll cf honor. From th-j foregoing figures it wil! be observed that thirty-four per cent, of the German butter was udultcrat ed ; twenty-five per cent, of the Hoilaud, ami tive per eent. of the Den mark. The last name 1 country ha! always been the favorito market from which Englaud has obtained her sup ply of butter.?Atlanta Constitution, anowiNo roLL lima beans. The Lima beau as now raised may be divided into dwarf, bush aud poll sorts, but dwarf and bush sorts orig inuted in part from the pole lima. Ic Lima beau production. Califoruiu lends the world, the output being: 17, .700 tons iu 1893 uud 12,200 in 1895. In the East, Lima beans are muck raised iu New Jersey. The natural home of the Lima bean is in warm countries and tbey require a long season to muture. Iu the North, the season should be shortened by the selections of earlier varieties und of soil, and giving more attention to cultivation. Light, quick soils are best. Soils naturally sandy an.I loose but enriched witu manure in previous years, aro excellent, especially if they have a warm exposure. The soil should also be dry. Coarse, raw manure should bo avoided as it tends to make too rank and late a growth. If fertilizcr is applied the year in which beam are plauted, it should be such as will become available very quickly and tend to hasten maturity of the crop. Concentrated fertilizer?, those especially rich in potash and phosphoric acid and with a low per cent, of nitrogen, are best suited. Plant an inch deep in hills about three feot apart and the rows about four feet apart, dropping sevon or eight beans in each hill. When well up and dauger from bad weather ahd cutworms is past, pull out all but three or four. Pole-i should not bo over six feot high as oh longer poles the vines run too high and grow too late. Clipping back tho vine? is unnecessary when strong for Aiti fi.L_ ri - I -< uiii/.trxs iiru wuuui'iu. x uo e/amornu practice of beau growing varios greatly in that the crop is not infrequently raised from planting to harvesting without a shower. Machine planters plant two to four rows at a time, forty inches apart. Instead of setting poles, the plants grow over and completely cover the ground. The plants are cut in late September just below the surface of the ground, are forked into piles and allowed to dry a fortnight. A piece of ground sixty to oighty leet i is hardened and two or ttireo big ! wagon loads are placed in a ring. I Horses attached to light wagons are | driven over them, the beans threshed . and the vinos forked Oil", and more ! similarly threshed. The process of j thresliiug by large steam machines which clean up from lifty to seventy- j five acres of beans per day, has more i recently been adopted by most of the | large growers in the West. Such j machinery has been on the market but I a few seasons, and is therefore quite j expensive. While all consumers wel- I come cheap methods of production, | the average fncpier should continue to , plant a good-sized family garden.--| American Agriculturist. I'ntil Science Gets in !Js Work. i II. M. Stanley, the explorer, says that certain portions of Africa will bo worthless on account of the rave ot the grasshopper . In one instance he : :nv a column of young gra-shoppers, , b n :* 1 < s broad by thirty long, marchT:> ?lw\vii a vaih v, and when tii gra-i V.- 1 r. d t hem t V ^ 'etc ill A I enough to nivthe; I..: " xu-. ^m*r sjF -*a ?. i'Vl'Ci<AU ^K25r The coal fields of thlBl^^ed fltctes have an area of nearly 200,000 sqaaro miles, or ten times that of all the other coal producing countries in the world. The ticket collectors at a London station are provided with small eleotrio lamps, which are fixed on their overcoats, the ourrent being supplied from a battery carried in the pocket. About fourteen miles is the range of the most powerful sea carrying gun of the British navy. Rougbly. it is a general proposition that a gun will throw a projectile one mile for every inoh in the diameter of its bore. The average depth of the sea, in yards, is as follows : Paoifio, 4252 ; Atlantic, 402G ; Indian, 3658 ; Antarctic, 3000 ; Arctic, 1600; Mediterranean, 1176; Irish, 240; English Channel, 110 ; Adriatic,- 45 ; Baltic, 43. Size for size, a thread of spider's silk is decidedly tougher than a bar of steel. An ordinary thread will boar a weight of three grains. This is about fifty per cent, stronger than a steel thread of tho same thickuess. Malaria and tvnhoid fover are being gradually extinguished in Rome, thanks to the new water works. While in 18.31 there wore 050 deaths from malaria, iu 1895 there were only 125. The population of Rome has increased in that period from 300,000 to 407,000. The production ot celery oil is a new industry abroad. The oil is distilled from the green loaves and possesses the powerful aromatic odor and taite of tho plant. It is said to answer excellently for concentrated soups aud preserved meats and vegetables. It requires 100 pounds of grcou loaves to mako one pound of oil. A professor of Lausanne, Switzerland, has published a study on the geological problems connected with the projoctod railway to the top of the Jungfrau. Since mouutain ice always movos downward slowly, it is necessary to build the tunnel everywhere through rock. Professor Golliez has shown that this can bs done. Tho infection of tuberculosis is carried by tho feet as well as the bodies of tlios. This was proved by Dr. A. Coppen-Jones in 1892. Some tlies infocted with tho bacilli were permitted to walk across the surface of tho sterilized potatoes and in two days' time numerous colonies of the bacillus prodigiosus made their appearance. High frequency currents have been found by D'Arsonval aud Charrin to attenuate tho toxins of diphtheria and other diseases, and convert them into useful antidotes. Thg. vitality of the in not i!irnftlv iifiWtrtd. lint the liquid in which they live is moditied?through physical, aud not chemical action, it is stated. The effect of electricity upou animals infected with the toxins is a subject for further investigation. Will Fish for Wolves. Stockmen wost and northwest of the Black Uil's are being put to their witv ends to get even with tho wolves and coyotes which are becoming so canUiug that no ordinary trap will catch them, and they can no longer be induced to touch poisoned bait, no matter how skillfully prepared ; it rarely causes the death of even a baby wolf. Hunting the animal with dogs has been fairly successful, but most of the bost hounds havo been killed by the , wolves. Shooting is the only sure way of killing them, but it is diflicult to get within range of them. The latest scheme of stockmen is to fish for the animals. A stout fishhook is baited with some tempting morsel in such a manner as not to arouse the suspicions of a wolf or coyote. To the hook is attached a strong copper wire, which is hidden in tho grass,and to the opposite oml a stout anchor, formed of a log or heavy boulder, is fastened. Tho anohor can be moved by the wolf, but it is too heavy to be hauled far. Tho wolf swallows tho bait and is unable to release itself from tho hook, which holds it until a cowboy makes a daily roand of tho fishlines and shoots tho wolves that have boon trapped. Thas far tbo schomo has been very successful, but it will doubtless bo only n short time until tbo auimals can uo longer bo caught iu this way. J. B. Binder, in tho Littlo Bond country, has just rocoived two Scotch # hounds and is going to try working them with a pack of grayhonnds, which are ablo to catch and worry tho wolves until tho stag hounds reach them, when tho wolf is soon sottlcd for. Stockmen on tho ranges placo tho loss from the wolves tho past winter at a greater per cent, than losses from all other sources. Tho wolvos do not confino their depredations to young stock alone, but pull down full grown steers and horsos, when they aro huu L'ry, instead of touching a poisoned carcass.?Farm, Field and Fireside. Minute Workmanship. In tho twoutioth year of Qnocn .Elizabeth, says an English paper, a blacksmith named Mark Scaliot, inailo a lock consisting of cloven pieces of iron, steel and brass, all of which, together with tho key to it, weighed but ono grain of gold. He also made a chain of gold, consisting of fortythree links, and having fastened this to tho before mentioned lock and key, lie put tho chain round about the neck of a ilea, which drew them all with ease. All tl icsc together, chain and ilea, weighed only ono grain and a half. Ortwaldus Northihgerus, who was more famous even than Scaliot for his minute contrivances, is said to have made 1 '?' >0 dishes of turned ivory, all perfect and complete in every part, yet so small, thin, and slender, flint all them wero included at ouco in a cup turiie 1 out of a pepper corn of tuc commeiL sue. ,