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Cfct ISattJjman aitfr j?mt%<m. Published Wednesday and Saturday _ ?BY? GSTEEN PUBLISHING COMPANY SUMTKK, S. a Terms: 92.90 per annum?in advance. Advertisement*. One Square, first insertoin_$1.00 JSvery subsequent insertion_... .50 Contracts for three months or long er will be made at reduced rates. All communications which subserve priyate interests will be charged for as advertisements. Obituaries and tributes of respect Will be charged for. The Sumter Watchman was found ed in 1850 and the True Southron in 1806. The Watchman and Southron *ow has the combined circulation and influence of both of the old papers,! *nd is manifestly the best advertisings medium in Sumter. ISBQGRATION THEORIES AND FACTS. -Of course, if America wants to bo the dumping ground for all the scum of . Europe, why then, that Is what it wants, and immigration-exclusion laws are not. But isn't it true that Americans generally do not quite realize what the recent fiood of im migration means? The views of those whose minds are fixed on ^ theory rather than on facts are ad mirably typified by the statement of a former member of the federal re serve board, quoted in a recent mag azine: ? I "The strongest and best man ma terial - of Europe comes here, for it takes a strong heart and an ambit iz us character to tear itself up by the roots, leave home, -family and f.fends and travel, usually 'mid all the un pleasantness of third class, to the un certainty of a new life in a new teind." The writer of the article comments on this as follows, and it is his com ment based on actual facts gained by months of study of conditions from the source to the mouth of this tur bid stream, that is worth noting by the American who has had no op portunity to see the thing as it is: --"This is one of the old sentimen talist views of immigration; and it is emphatically not true today. -"The emigrants who are passing through the Northern European ports of' embarkation are. so far as the great majority of them are concern ed, the weakest and .poorest man ma terial of Europe. .They are the de tected, the incompetent and unsuc oeSSful-^he very lowest layer of Eu ropean society. - They are usually paupers by circumstance and ' too Often parasites by training and in clination. They are expedited out of their countries by governments thfct do hot want them, and they usually travel on. money they hr-ve begged or demanded'from' America." - Do we really need that kind ? Isn't it"'far better to cbeck immigration squarely and frankly for a while un til we digest and assimilate the for eign-bora population already here? Fbrtunatery the emergency restric tion bill has been passed by congress and signed by the president. If it is to. be criticised, it is mair ly on the ground that it is not severe entmgh. THE DESCENDING RENT. .During the past few years the man looking for a house or an apartment to rent frequently was forced to of fer a bonus. Today rent concession? are being offeree in almost all of the big. cUies ar, inducements to people to rent va*?a:.n property. The grinding mills have caught the rent profiteer at last. It is true that the conessions anO the mqre numerous vacancies are usually noted in high-priced proper ty, but it means that the whole renting outlook is clearing. As th? expensive places remain vacant u Seite of inducements, their rental: j will b eforeed down to ligures more in koeping with normal valu?s. This h. turn will react upon all rents. It wii take time, but it is coming. The danger is that with the renta problem easier, the home buiidinj: impulse may receive a check. This would be a great pity. Home owner ship in town or country is just a3 de sirable now as it has ever been. Th< lessons learned in the year of infla tion wer? too valuable tu be eas aside. High rents came hard, but they got paid somehow. PHappy the renter who, rememln-ring this as h? moves into cheaper quarters or has his rent reduced, starts a hom< building fund with the difference be tween the old rent and the new, or who, if his income also has been re- i duced. saves such a percentage ol tlie difference as can possibly bf squeezed out. FOREIGN TRAVEL On one day recently 14 liners lef? j f>'ew York for Europe, carrying 12.-j 000 passengers. Nearly all of them j were American tourists going to tht Old World for interest and pleasure. It is estimated that those 12.000 tour ists have taken with them, and will spend abroad, not less than $25,000, 000. That is all right. It need not bring ?. single regret to anybody who is not doing the spending, and probably few j of the spenders will regret it. Noi ' need Americans lament all the ad j ditional millions that their compat i riots will scatter over Europe thi. j cummer. Our people can spare the money, and Europe can make good Use of it. And however foreign, prices may l>c. the tourists, if they are as 1 intelligent as the American average, will get the worth of their money. Generally speaking, there is no expenditure that pays better than travel?always provided, as suggest ed above, that the traveler is intelli gent and capable o' reaming from 'fresh experience. New environments shake up the mind and make it re ceptive to idea3 that would have been j scorned or ignored at home. Con j tact with different types of people, i. different ways of living, different ideals of life. . different scenes and atmospheres, afford ground for fruit ful contrast and comparison. One week in England or France or Italy will give an observing visitor a bet ter understanding of the real nature of that country and its people than j he could gain by a year of reading. Americans are getting to be the greatest of travellers, and that is well. Of all the great nations they need traveling most, because or their com parative isolation. Anything which promotes travel, at home or abroad, is to be commended. At present, perhaps, European travel is especially desirable. One might go so far as to say that if the war debts the allies owe this country cannot be repaid in any oth er way. payment mixht be taken profitably in the form of travel tours for the nation. Those 12 billions or more would provide a European tour for one representative of every fam, ily in America. It will never be done, of course. But it might not be so foolish as it sounds. Think what it would mean for one adult person in every Ameri can family to have a long sea voyage and a tour through the most historic portions of the Old World, and re turn a better American than ever, but with knowledge and sympathies broadened. ilOTOJERS. . "No one would wish to see a moth er sent to jail" for merely helping hei sons,, guilty as they were," said Jtidg? Dickinson, pronouncing sentence on Mrs. Bergdoll. ? Possibly he is right, in a sentimen tal way. hough. If sous are engaged in crime, and the-mother helps them '.n the commission of this crime, is sh? not equally guilty? Can "maternal instinct'' safely be allowed to serve a> an excuse? Would not an extension of this point of view appear to "justi fy that lack of proper maternal dis cipline which is often a precursor, o: "crime? To a. good many mothers in thi: country such motherhood as tha' displayed by a few examples reccntl: made notwrious is in itself nothing short of criminal.. Is it not morall> criminal for a mother to give hei children the indulgence which lead o vice and cowardice ratner than th< discipline which leads to self-contro' and good citizenship? If sternness u needed, then it is the mother's par to be stern. Indulgence <*nd laxit: are never kind?they are merelj weak. True kindness is that which develops the child's powers for good In contrast to the mothers wh< have labored so hard to defeat tht aw in the case of criminal son. tomes this refreshing item: A daughter was arrested to stand trial for the. murder <.?f h*-r husband The parents have refused to. h-rt*> r. financial aid. The say: "We have hoped and believed -ail along that our daughter is innocent [f sh?? i:s guilty, not all the rm?ney we have and could raise would evei save her. and if sh*> is guilty of alj that is charged against her. she should be punished. This is hard for a mother to say. but lam sure our j decision must be the right one." * This is worthy of respect. It has .. ? ? ? ? j the sound of coming from a mother j who has done her best by her chil- ' dren. believing that with training j once given, they most si and mi theii own merits or fall by their own de merits. It harks back to tlm dictum of Socrates. KBetter it is that a man suffer evil, better it is for him to be pun ished than not t<> be punished." The mothers who stand by this principle arc the ones whose childrei are the backbone or the nation. Tlu others, fortunately, are few. IxAW AND ORDER IX POh&SD. Th?? Poles have been coming to their senses and realizing that, what ever the provocation may have been they made a serious mistake in in vading Silesia. The Polish, govern ment recognized that from tin fust, and gave no countenance to tlu invasion. The irregular troops anr the populace that supported them ars beginning to awake to the reali ties of the situation. The allies, paricularly the Bntisl government, have been somewhat dictatorial to Poland, but the allies 'have a right to be. Without them there would be no Poland. It was they who won Polish freedom, and I set up this modern state of Poland under the treaty of Versailles, ar ! ranging to give it all the territories j long ago seized by Russia. Germany 'and Austria, which were demon strably Polish in population. That, same treaty which gave Poland its existence provided the means by which its territorial disputes should j be decided, and the allies have been working out the decision accordingly. They have been irritatingly slow but it is not evident that they have been, or have meant t<> be. unjust The plebiscite in Upper Silesia has been h^Id. and rh/1 allied commission has yet to render its final a.ward ? based on that plebiscite. Meanwhile the disputed area is neither German nor Polish. It is held by the a lies as trustees, and theirs rs the sole au thority there, he Poles, by invading and seizing territory they desired, have not only disregarded local rights and desires but have flouted the au thority of the nations that gave them 'all the sovereignty they possess. Poland is useful to the allies as a bulwark against Bolshevism, but the allies could get along without Po land a great deal better than Poland could g?.t along without the allies. Crowing appreciation of that fact is changing the Polish attitude. The al lies must insist on their xuthority being respected, for Poland's own sake as much as for their own pres- i lige. Only by such a strict enforce- j ment of law and justice as Lloyd j George has insisted on can there be j any hope of pacifying and stabilise- j ing Europe. EVERY TREE HELPS; Forestry Week. May 22-28, wai appropriately opened by Senator Mc Cormick of Illinois, who introduced in the senate a bill providing for fed eral co-operation with the states in forest preservation and the study of the timber industry. The measure is not unlike one introduced last /ear, but covers more ground, in cluding the movement for planting memorial trees along the highways in honor of these who served in the war. Every move which promotes for estry work in the Cnited States is a good move. The only danger is that as the projects gain in immensity in dividual interest and sense of respon sibility may wane. This would be un fortunate. Every troe that is planted, wheth er it is the one by the doorstep of tin little cottage or one of a great fores' area, helps. It is just as important 0 the good of the individual and the ife of the nation that the woodlot on the farm be studied with a view i.o its preservation and improvement is that some great national forest bt -?o treated. It is only when everybody ?ulls and they all pull together that a maximum result can be obtained,in anything. INTELLIGENT GR1 MIN ALS. Dr. Herman M. Adler, an author ity on practical psychology, says that jonvict:? in penitentiaries show a higher average of intelligence than the venera! population. He1 base ? his statement on the test.'-. made in .recruiting (he draft army, which es ablished the nornta-l standard of in telligence, and on subsequent test.* j iiiad'- in the Illinois state penitentiary, rhe conclusions, he says, were con- j armed by examination of other se-| ected groups. This is contrary ;<> the present ac cepted estimate of criminal mentality, .t has often be^n declared in recent rears, by crimiuologists and social .nvest:gators, that the average crim inal was f>f a much P.wer mental ype than the average law-abiding dtizen. It h is been argued accord ingly that most of the people in oui ails, workhouses ard penitentiaries .ire there not because they are in trinsically more wicked than the rest. but because they are more stupid. Ac cordingly, the old. traditional notion ?f a criminal ;<:; a "master mind'" has lost standing. Must that tra dition now !><? revived? Before passing judgment on th? question, it would be well (?? know the precise naturi of the tests used. Presumably they deal only with tie intellect, and do not concern them selves with.those other big division: ?f mind, the feelings and the will. Intellect by itself is colorless. It b feeling and will that, give a human b??ing character, personality, individ uality. They involve the emotions and morals. How would the criminals size up in these respects? It has to be recognized that a per son may have an acute intellect and yet be an emotional or a moral idiot Common observation i>f criminals shows that as a class they lack self control. Their moral perceptions are dull, and they yield easily to any emotional whim. That is why they are dangerous. And if they are above normal in intelligence, while they are subnormal Und nearer to Youll enjoy the sport of rolling em with P. A.! b Prine* Albert in sold in toppy rzd begs, tidy red tins, hand tome pound and half povnd tin hamiders and in the pound crystal glass humi dor zvitii sponge moistens? top. Copyright 1921 by R. J. Reynolds Tobacco Co. Winston-Salem. N.C FIRST thing you do next ?go get some makin's papers and some Prince Albert tobacco and puff away on'a home made cigarette that will hit on all your smoke cvlinders! No use sitting-by and say ing maybe you'll cash this hunch tomorrow. Do it while the going's good, for man-o man, you can't figure cut whatyou'repassingby! Such flavor, such coolness, such more-ish-ness?well, the only way to get the words_ em phatic enough is to go to it and know yourself! And, besides Prince Albert's delightful flavor, there's its freedom from bite and parch which is cut out by our exclusive patented proc ess! Certainly?you smoke P. A. from sun up till you slip between the sheets with out a comeback. ? Prince Albert is the tobac co that revolutionized pipe If you never could pipe ? forget it! -AND YOU WILL' use Prince Albert for packing! It's a smoke revelation in a jimmy pipe or a cigarette! smoking, smoke a You can ?if you the national joy smoke savages in their passions, their sense j of social responsibility and their power of self-restraint, there is all ' the more reason why they should be j put and kept where they can do least j harm. ; PRICE REDUCTIONS. it is agreed by economic authori- , ties that wholesale prices have de- ! dined about 4U per cent from the high level of a year and a half ago. Some put it almost as high as .">n per w'ent, but the lower figure will (b> for practical purposes, if it is recognized as a safe minimum. How do retail prices correspond? A group of men representing important retail interests were recently in con ference in Washington, together with government officials. Tin y concluded that although it would be unfair to charge that retailers in general were trying t<? maintain exorbitant prices, there were some retailers in every community who refused to let con sumers have the ben< fit of the price I reductions which the} themselves en joyed, and that such dealers we! ih j luenUai in retarding price reductions;. I in general. j ! I That conference did not agre* on I I'.he precise extent oa diHiereuce be tween wholesale and retail reductions^ It appears, however. Crom the fa-test available data, that retail prices through out the country have fa:len. r?n :ni average, from '?.". to -;| !>? !' ?ent. ff the higher figure is accept-j ed, it follows thai prices to i1;-' uhf mate consumer have still fall* >: hot iiiore ti?;? ii half. ? *11?I p.*oba-?Pv less than half, as LiHteh as v !' ?!? :.'? ' prices. The law of competition will doubt . less even things up eventually, It al ways does, in the long run. I'.'ii it j should be recognized that in the meantime the profiteering minorit} are playing a game which delays the general readjustment, which is un fair to the public and unfair to their own class, ami which is likely to re act to their ov. n injury. , - j -? - - ? ?.? LITTLE BOY KILLED Spartan burg. May si. ? Carroll Newman, between five and six years >f age. was shot and instantly killed ibout noon today by Robert N'wman. iged ten. .at tin- hon:-, <>;" R. Ncw :nan ai Cedar Springs. The little l>oy .vas leaning against his sister's knee when the accident occurred. Tin- girl, who is 15 years of age. did not know that the larger boy even had the jcun. The children were on ;!)<? porch when the older child wenl in the house and got the gun. !!?? was play ng witli it in some way when it w:ts discharged, the load entering the right shoulder of the hoy and kiil<-i him instantly. The d**ad boy is a son of the late IV. W. Newman, l?s father and mother arc both dead. He and his sister were living with their uncle, R. G. Newman. One of Urn sis ters is In St. Louis and two are in school. Young Robert Newman is one of two children. The coroner was notified and made an investiga tion but decided no inquest was nec- j fcssary, as the killing was purely acci- j dental. Concerning Co-Opera tive Marketing The How and the Why of Pool ing Clemson College. May 14.- -To an individual grower the pooling of his crop of cotton under the co-operative marketing plan means swapping the specific bales grown by him for pro portional interests in much larger lots of cotton. The number of lots in which 1)'' owns an interes: will l.e de termined by the number of different kinds of grades of cotton .? oduced by him. For example, jf th?? growers b< - longing to the association produce ten thousand hales of good middling and one of the members. John Doe. pro-; duces on*- hundred bales of that ten thousand, then John I>o?- in pooling! trades in his hundred bales and re ceives interes I in the entire- pool of ten thousand bales. The pools are made np of cotton belonging only i - grow ers who are members <>i" the associa tion, fooling gives each grower cer-'i 'am advantages which are explained] Im low. i Advantages of Pooling. 1. Pooling gives the grower the ad-1 van tag? of accurate grading. l'. Pooling srives the grower the a.d-i vantage t" he gained from selling cot"-" ??"ii in large even-running lots. The' work ? assembling cotton in such lo ??' is now done by middlemen, bei the is?i soeiati"!! would db it thron;;!; pool ing ai cost, thus cutting out one or two middlemen. .'!. Pooiing gives the grower the average price received for cotton, less costs of operating the associa tion. Thi.s m;iy rejrur'lc] Oy some as an advantage and by others as a disadvantage, depending on whether the particular grower fears that he ?v'.iil :-?-?!! his own cotton on tin- lowest mar!;e! of the year or is confident th:fc' he wili be able t<> pick the time ;>{? highest prices. It must be general ly co?ice?led. however, that growers cannot determine beforehand the best linn to sell, and that by aver aging tie price a certain amount of gambling is taken put of the selling ?iier.ii ion. 1. Pooling makes it possible for growers t<> market their cotton in an orderly way over i longer period oi time ami thus saves tin- loss.-- incur red in dumping most of the crop in four rnont hs. Pooling enables the growers to eliminate competition among them selves in tin- selling "i" the crop. This means that competition will be linot ed t<> tin- economical production <>:" the crop and this is tin- only fair field for competition among growers. Without pooling some growers, because of their individual eireu mi: a m.es. will always sell eo ton foe loss than it has cos! Lh? m to produce \'. This is manifest ly unfair to the industry as a whole, ami growers have known this for manj yea i s. Length of Tooling Period. If ;i crop is a non-perishable, is produced only once a year, and is in fairly regular demand over period ? >! twelve months, the fair pooling per iod would i><- em- entire season. ()t course in the case of crops, such as truck, the value of which is fixed partly by their earliness. the pooling period should 1??- made shorter, peri ods as short as one day being used in some cases. The fairesi pooling period for t ot ton w<>ulu be one year. Any shorter period would leave the field open for speculation, which Lo the long ran does not benefit the grower. When pooled cotton is put on the market it is soid with tie single idea of benefiting the pool as a '.vhole, and no advantage can be granted to one grower over another in the same pool. All pay a pro rata share of "the necessary expenses and ad receive the same net price per pound for cotton in ili<> same pool. The fact that a grower may happen to be one oc the directosr would not give him any ad vantages which would not apply to every other grower in exactly the same way. A farmers' co-operative marketing association handling as much as 400.000 hales of cotton in South Caro lina would truly he a large enterprise, and the only plan that would be ab solu'eiy fail-, square, and ibove-board, with no possibility for favoritism, would be pooling. Flays Harding-'s Action Washington, May 24 ?Further ref erence t" the report that President 1 hi cling had offered the chairman ship of the Shipping Board to James A. Farrel, president of the United States Steel Corporation, was made in the House today ),y Representative Davis, Democrats member of the Merchant Marine commiitee. Criticizing the action ef the Pres ident in "'holding up Shipping Board appointments while waiting to hear whether Mr. Farrel would accept." Mr. Davds declared . there wasi no question as to Mr. Farrel's ability "We concede that." he said. ".We know In- has been a. very successful man. but will lie devote all of ;his great talent to the public good?"' Mr. Farrell is president of the Unite i States Steel corporatipn. which if I am given tine-, I shad show by the highest authorities to be the greatest monopoly and trust in this country, ;;n<! t'ie- one of .ill others that is do ing most to retard readjustment and to Pol?! prices up to an artificial level." Quoting tie- recent report of the federal trad'- commission respecting st.-.-i prices. Mr. Davis declared "the commission brought a v< ry strong in dictmem against tie.- steel corpora tion, charging it is unjustly and un lawfully holding up brio -? of commo dities." Mr. Davis said it had been author itatively given out the Whire House that the president had definite ly decided to appoint either Mr. Far rel or \i. A. C. Smith, of N'-w York, as chairman of tin boa.nl. and that ?"it had been further stated in sub stance thai the president had decid ed on other members and that the full board would be announced as soon as lie- selection <?' :i chairman had been definitely settled. C<;<; cures a ( old quickly. v Mexico City. May "j- Thirty Americans are reported :>> have cross i*d the international Ponndnry at Vegas in pursuit of Leandro Soria, a Mexican, who is reported to nave been carried across the horder. Pres ident Obregon has or b red an -in quiry. Ktib-My-Tisni kills pah You Will Save Money by Purchasing YOUR TOBACCO FLUES At The Sumter Roofing & Sheet Metal Works Office and Works 11 Council St. Phone 1074 g