The watchman and southron. (Sumter, S.C.) 1881-1930, May 28, 1921, Image 4
Cfct ISattJjman aitfr j?mt%<m.
Published Wednesday and Saturday
_ ?BY?
GSTEEN PUBLISHING COMPANY
SUMTKK, S. a
Terms:
92.90 per annum?in advance.
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One Square, first insertoin_$1.00
JSvery subsequent insertion_... .50
Contracts for three months or long
er will be made at reduced rates.
All communications which subserve
priyate interests will be charged for
as advertisements.
Obituaries and tributes of respect
Will be charged for.
The Sumter Watchman was found
ed in 1850 and the True Southron in
1806. The Watchman and Southron
*ow has the combined circulation and
influence of both of the old papers,!
*nd is manifestly the best advertisings
medium in Sumter.
ISBQGRATION THEORIES AND
FACTS.
-Of course, if America wants to bo
the dumping ground for all the scum
of . Europe, why then, that Is what it
wants, and immigration-exclusion
laws are not. But isn't it true that
Americans generally do not quite
realize what the recent fiood of im
migration means? The views of
those whose minds are fixed on
^ theory rather than on facts are ad
mirably typified by the statement of
a former member of the federal re
serve board, quoted in a recent mag
azine: ?
I "The strongest and best man ma
terial - of Europe comes here, for it
takes a strong heart and an ambit
iz us character to tear itself up by the
roots, leave home, -family and f.fends
and travel, usually 'mid all the un
pleasantness of third class, to the un
certainty of a new life in a new
teind."
The writer of the article comments
on this as follows, and it is his com
ment based on actual facts gained by
months of study of conditions from
the source to the mouth of this tur
bid stream, that is worth noting by
the American who has had no op
portunity to see the thing as it is:
--"This is one of the old sentimen
talist views of immigration; and it is
emphatically not true today.
-"The emigrants who are passing
through the Northern European ports
of' embarkation are. so far as the
great majority of them are concern
ed, the weakest and .poorest man ma
terial of Europe. .They are the de
tected, the incompetent and unsuc
oeSSful-^he very lowest layer of Eu
ropean society. - They are usually
paupers by circumstance and ' too
Often parasites by training and in
clination. They are expedited out of
their countries by governments thfct
do hot want them, and they usually
travel on. money they hr-ve begged
or demanded'from' America."
- Do we really need that kind ? Isn't
it"'far better to cbeck immigration
squarely and frankly for a while un
til we digest and assimilate the for
eign-bora population already here?
Fbrtunatery the emergency restric
tion bill has been passed by congress
and signed by the president. If it is
to. be criticised, it is mair ly on the
ground that it is not severe entmgh.
THE DESCENDING RENT.
.During the past few years the man
looking for a house or an apartment
to rent frequently was forced to of
fer a bonus. Today rent concession?
are being offeree in almost all of the
big. cUies ar, inducements to people to
rent va*?a:.n property. The grinding
mills have caught the rent profiteer
at last.
It is true that the conessions anO
the mqre numerous vacancies are
usually noted in high-priced proper
ty, but it means that the whole
renting outlook is clearing. As th?
expensive places remain vacant u
Seite of inducements, their rental: j
will b eforeed down to ligures more in
koeping with normal valu?s. This h.
turn will react upon all rents. It wii
take time, but it is coming.
The danger is that with the renta
problem easier, the home buiidinj:
impulse may receive a check. This
would be a great pity. Home owner
ship in town or country is just a3 de
sirable now as it has ever been. Th<
lessons learned in the year of infla
tion wer? too valuable tu be eas
aside. High rents came hard, but
they got paid somehow. PHappy the
renter who, rememln-ring this as h?
moves into cheaper quarters or has
his rent reduced, starts a hom<
building fund with the difference be
tween the old rent and the new, or
who, if his income also has been re- i
duced. saves such a percentage ol
tlie difference as can possibly bf
squeezed out.
FOREIGN TRAVEL
On one day recently 14 liners lef? j
f>'ew York for Europe, carrying 12.-j
000 passengers. Nearly all of them j
were American tourists going to tht
Old World for interest and pleasure.
It is estimated that those 12.000 tour
ists have taken with them, and will
spend abroad, not less than $25,000,
000.
That is all right. It need not bring
?. single regret to anybody who is not
doing the spending, and probably few
j of the spenders will regret it. Noi
' need Americans lament all the ad
j ditional millions that their compat
i riots will scatter over Europe thi.
j cummer. Our people can spare the
money, and Europe can make good
Use of it. And however foreign, prices
may l>c. the tourists, if they are as
1 intelligent as the American average,
will get the worth of their money.
Generally speaking, there is no
expenditure that pays better than
travel?always provided, as suggest
ed above, that the traveler is intelli
gent and capable o' reaming from
'fresh experience. New environments
shake up the mind and make it re
ceptive to idea3 that would have been
j scorned or ignored at home. Con
j tact with different types of people,
i. different ways of living, different
ideals of life. . different scenes and
atmospheres, afford ground for fruit
ful contrast and comparison. One
week in England or France or Italy
will give an observing visitor a bet
ter understanding of the real nature
of that country and its people than
j he could gain by a year of reading.
Americans are getting to be the
greatest of travellers, and that is well.
Of all the great nations they need
traveling most, because or their com
parative isolation.
Anything which promotes travel, at
home or abroad, is to be commended.
At present, perhaps, European travel
is especially desirable.
One might go so far as to say that
if the war debts the allies owe this
country cannot be repaid in any oth
er way. payment mixht be taken
profitably in the form of travel tours
for the nation. Those 12 billions or
more would provide a European tour
for one representative of every fam,
ily in America.
It will never be done, of course.
But it might not be so foolish as it
sounds. Think what it would mean
for one adult person in every Ameri
can family to have a long sea voyage
and a tour through the most historic
portions of the Old World, and re
turn a better American than ever,
but with knowledge and sympathies
broadened.
ilOTOJERS.
. "No one would wish to see a moth
er sent to jail" for merely helping hei
sons,, guilty as they were," said Jtidg?
Dickinson, pronouncing sentence on
Mrs. Bergdoll. ?
Possibly he is right, in a sentimen
tal way. hough. If sous are engaged
in crime, and the-mother helps them
'.n the commission of this crime, is sh?
not equally guilty? Can "maternal
instinct'' safely be allowed to serve a>
an excuse? Would not an extension
of this point of view appear to "justi
fy that lack of proper maternal dis
cipline which is often a precursor, o:
"crime?
To a. good many mothers in thi:
country such motherhood as tha'
displayed by a few examples reccntl:
made notwrious is in itself nothing
short of criminal.. Is it not morall>
criminal for a mother to give hei
children the indulgence which lead
o vice and cowardice ratner than th<
discipline which leads to self-contro'
and good citizenship? If sternness u
needed, then it is the mother's par
to be stern. Indulgence <*nd laxit:
are never kind?they are merelj
weak. True kindness is that which
develops the child's powers for good
In contrast to the mothers wh<
have labored so hard to defeat tht
aw in the case of criminal son.
tomes this refreshing item:
A daughter was arrested to stand
trial for the. murder <.?f h*-r husband
The parents have refused to. h-rt*>
r.
financial aid. The say:
"We have hoped and believed -ail
along that our daughter is innocent
[f sh?? i:s guilty, not all the rm?ney
we have and could raise would evei
save her. and if sh*> is guilty of alj
that is charged against her. she
should be punished. This is hard for
a mother to say. but lam sure our j
decision must be the right one." *
This is worthy of respect. It has
.. ? ? ? ? j
the sound of coming from a mother
j who has done her best by her chil- '
dren. believing that with training j
once given, they most si and mi theii
own merits or fall by their own de
merits. It harks back to tlm dictum
of Socrates.
KBetter it is that a man suffer
evil, better it is for him to be pun
ished than not t<> be punished."
The mothers who stand by this
principle arc the ones whose childrei
are the backbone or the nation. Tlu
others, fortunately, are few.
IxAW AND ORDER IX POh&SD.
Th?? Poles have been coming to
their senses and realizing that, what
ever the provocation may have been
they made a serious mistake in in
vading Silesia. The Polish, govern
ment recognized that from tin
fust, and gave no countenance to tlu
invasion. The irregular troops anr
the populace that supported them
ars beginning to awake to the reali
ties of the situation.
The allies, paricularly the Bntisl
government, have been somewhat
dictatorial to Poland, but the allies
'have a right to be. Without them
there would be no Poland. It was
they who won Polish freedom, and
I set up this modern state of Poland
under the treaty of Versailles, ar
! ranging to give it all the territories
j long ago seized by Russia. Germany
'and Austria, which were demon
strably Polish in population. That,
same treaty which gave Poland its
existence provided the means by
which its territorial disputes should
j be decided, and the allies have been
working out the decision accordingly.
They have been irritatingly slow
but it is not evident that they have
been, or have meant t<> be. unjust
The plebiscite in Upper Silesia has
been h^Id. and rh/1 allied commission
has yet to render its final a.ward
? based on that plebiscite. Meanwhile
the disputed area is neither German
nor Polish. It is held by the a lies
as trustees, and theirs rs the sole au
thority there, he Poles, by invading
and seizing territory they desired,
have not only disregarded local rights
and desires but have flouted the au
thority of the nations that gave them
'all the sovereignty they possess.
Poland is useful to the allies as a
bulwark against Bolshevism, but the
allies could get along without Po
land a great deal better than Poland
could g?.t along without the allies.
Crowing appreciation of that fact is
changing the Polish attitude. The al
lies must insist on their xuthority
being respected, for Poland's own
sake as much as for their own pres- i
lige. Only by such a strict enforce- j
ment of law and justice as Lloyd j
George has insisted on can there be j
any hope of pacifying and stabilise- j
ing Europe.
EVERY TREE HELPS;
Forestry Week. May 22-28, wai
appropriately opened by Senator Mc
Cormick of Illinois, who introduced
in the senate a bill providing for fed
eral co-operation with the states in
forest preservation and the study of
the timber industry. The measure
is not unlike one introduced last
/ear, but covers more ground, in
cluding the movement for planting
memorial trees along the highways
in honor of these who served in the
war.
Every move which promotes for
estry work in the Cnited States is a
good move. The only danger is that
as the projects gain in immensity in
dividual interest and sense of respon
sibility may wane. This would be un
fortunate.
Every troe that is planted, wheth
er it is the one by the doorstep of tin
little cottage or one of a great fores'
area, helps. It is just as important
0 the good of the individual and the
ife of the nation that the woodlot
on the farm be studied with a view
i.o its preservation and improvement
is that some great national forest bt
-?o treated. It is only when everybody
?ulls and they all pull together that
a maximum result can be obtained,in
anything.
INTELLIGENT GR1 MIN ALS.
Dr. Herman M. Adler, an author
ity on practical psychology, says that
jonvict:? in penitentiaries show a
higher average of intelligence than
the venera! population. He1 base
? his statement on the test.'-. made in
.recruiting (he draft army, which es
ablished the nornta-l standard of in
telligence, and on subsequent test.* j
iiiad'- in the Illinois state penitentiary,
rhe conclusions, he says, were con- j
armed by examination of other se-|
ected groups.
This is contrary ;<> the present ac
cepted estimate of criminal mentality,
.t has often be^n declared in recent
rears, by crimiuologists and social
.nvest:gators, that the average crim
inal was f>f a much P.wer mental
ype than the average law-abiding
dtizen. It h is been argued accord
ingly that most of the people in oui
ails, workhouses ard penitentiaries
.ire there not because they are in
trinsically more wicked than the rest.
but because they are more stupid. Ac
cordingly, the old. traditional notion
?f a criminal ;<:; a "master mind'"
has lost standing. Must that tra
dition now !><? revived?
Before passing judgment on th?
question, it would be well (?? know
the precise naturi of the tests used.
Presumably they deal only with tie
intellect, and do not concern them
selves with.those other big division:
?f mind, the feelings and the will.
Intellect by itself is colorless. It b
feeling and will that, give a human
b??ing character, personality, individ
uality. They involve the emotions and
morals. How would the criminals
size up in these respects?
It has to be recognized that a per
son may have an acute intellect and
yet be an emotional or a moral idiot
Common observation i>f criminals
shows that as a class they lack self
control. Their moral perceptions are
dull, and they yield easily to any
emotional whim. That is why they
are dangerous. And if they are
above normal in intelligence, while
they are subnormal Und nearer to
Youll enjoy the
sport of rolling
em with P. A.! b
Prine* Albert in sold
in toppy rzd begs,
tidy red tins, hand
tome pound and half
povnd tin hamiders
and in the pound
crystal glass humi
dor zvitii sponge
moistens? top.
Copyright 1921
by R. J. Reynolds
Tobacco Co.
Winston-Salem.
N.C
FIRST thing you do next
?go get some makin's
papers and some Prince
Albert tobacco and puff away
on'a home made cigarette
that will hit on all your
smoke cvlinders!
No use sitting-by and say
ing maybe you'll cash this
hunch tomorrow. Do it while
the going's good, for man-o
man, you can't figure cut
whatyou'repassingby! Such
flavor, such coolness, such
more-ish-ness?well, the only
way to get the words_ em
phatic enough is to go to it
and know yourself!
And, besides Prince
Albert's delightful flavor,
there's its freedom from bite
and parch which is cut out by
our exclusive patented proc
ess! Certainly?you smoke
P. A. from sun up till you
slip between the sheets with
out a comeback. ?
Prince Albert is the tobac
co that revolutionized pipe
If you never could
pipe ? forget it!
-AND YOU WILL'
use Prince Albert
for packing! It's a smoke
revelation in a jimmy pipe
or a cigarette!
smoking,
smoke a
You can
?if you
the national joy smoke
savages in their passions, their sense j
of social responsibility and their
power of self-restraint, there is all '
the more reason why they should be j
put and kept where they can do least j
harm. ;
PRICE REDUCTIONS.
it is agreed by economic authori- ,
ties that wholesale prices have de- !
dined about 4U per cent from the
high level of a year and a half ago.
Some put it almost as high as .">n per
w'ent, but the lower figure will (b> for
practical purposes, if it is recognized
as a safe minimum.
How do retail prices correspond? A
group of men representing important
retail interests were recently in con
ference in Washington, together with
government officials. Tin y concluded
that although it would be unfair to
charge that retailers in general were
trying t<? maintain exorbitant prices,
there were some retailers in every
community who refused to let con
sumers have the ben< fit of the price
I reductions which the} themselves en
joyed, and that such dealers we! ih
j luenUai in retarding price reductions;.
I in general. j
!
I That conference did not agre* on
I
I'.he precise extent oa diHiereuce be
tween wholesale and retail reductions^
It appears, however. Crom the fa-test
available data, that retail prices
through out the country have fa:len.
r?n :ni average, from '?.". to -;| !>? !'
?ent. ff the higher figure is accept-j
ed, it follows thai prices to i1;-' uhf
mate consumer have still fall* >: hot
iiiore ti?;? ii half. ? *11?I p.*oba-?Pv less
than half, as LiHteh as v !' ?!? :.'? '
prices.
The law of competition will doubt .
less even things up eventually, It al
ways does, in the long run. I'.'ii it j
should be recognized that in the
meantime the profiteering minorit}
are playing a game which delays the
general readjustment, which is un
fair to the public and unfair to their
own class, ami which is likely to re
act to their ov. n injury.
, -
j -? - - ? ?.?
LITTLE BOY KILLED
Spartan burg. May si. ? Carroll
Newman, between five and six years
>f age. was shot and instantly killed
ibout noon today by Robert N'wman.
iged ten. .at tin- hon:-, <>;" R. Ncw
:nan ai Cedar Springs. The little l>oy
.vas leaning against his sister's knee
when the accident occurred. Tin- girl,
who is 15 years of age. did not know
that the larger boy even had the
jcun. The children were on ;!)<? porch
when the older child wenl in the
house and got the gun. !!?? was play
ng witli it in some way when it w:ts
discharged, the load entering the
right shoulder of the hoy and kiil<-i
him instantly. The d**ad boy is a
son of the late IV. W. Newman, l?s
father and mother arc both dead. He
and his sister were living with their
uncle, R. G. Newman. One of Urn sis
ters is In St. Louis and two are in
school. Young Robert Newman is
one of two children. The coroner
was notified and made an investiga
tion but decided no inquest was nec- j
fcssary, as the killing was purely acci- j
dental.
Concerning Co-Opera
tive Marketing
The How and the Why of Pool
ing
Clemson College. May 14.- -To an
individual grower the pooling of his
crop of cotton under the co-operative
marketing plan means swapping the
specific bales grown by him for pro
portional interests in much larger lots
of cotton. The number of lots in
which 1)'' owns an interes: will l.e de
termined by the number of different
kinds of grades of cotton .? oduced by
him. For example, jf th?? growers b< -
longing to the association produce ten
thousand hales of good middling and
one of the members. John Doe. pro-;
duces on*- hundred bales of that ten
thousand, then John I>o?- in pooling!
trades in his hundred bales and re
ceives interes I in the entire- pool of ten
thousand bales. The pools are made
np of cotton belonging only i - grow
ers who are members <>i" the associa
tion, fooling gives each grower cer-'i
'am advantages which are explained]
Im low. i
Advantages of Pooling.
1. Pooling gives the grower the ad-1
van tag? of accurate grading.
l'. Pooling srives the grower the a.d-i
vantage t" he gained from selling cot"-"
??"ii in large even-running lots. The'
work ? assembling cotton in such lo ??'
is now done by middlemen, bei the is?i
soeiati"!! would db it thron;;!; pool
ing ai cost, thus cutting out one or
two middlemen.
.'!. Pooiing gives the grower the
average price received for cotton,
less costs of operating the associa
tion. Thi.s m;iy rejrur'lc] Oy some
as an advantage and by others as a
disadvantage, depending on whether
the particular grower fears that he
?v'.iil :-?-?!! his own cotton on tin- lowest
mar!;e! of the year or is confident
th:fc' he wili be able t<> pick the time
;>{? highest prices. It must be general
ly co?ice?led. however, that growers
cannot determine beforehand the
best linn to sell, and that by aver
aging tie price a certain amount of
gambling is taken put of the selling
?iier.ii ion.
1. Pooling makes it possible for
growers t<> market their cotton in an
orderly way over i longer period oi
time ami thus saves tin- loss.-- incur
red in dumping most of the crop in
four rnont hs.
Pooling enables the growers to
eliminate competition among them
selves in tin- selling "i" the crop. This
means that competition will be linot
ed t<> tin- economical production <>:" the
crop and this is tin- only fair field for
competition among growers. Without
pooling some growers, because of their
individual eireu mi: a m.es. will always
sell eo ton foe loss than it has cos!
Lh? m to produce \'. This is manifest
ly unfair to the industry as a whole,
ami growers have known this for manj
yea i s.
Length of Tooling Period.
If ;i crop is a non-perishable, is
produced only once a year, and is in
fairly regular demand over period ? >!
twelve months, the fair pooling per
iod would i><- em- entire season. ()t
course in the case of crops, such as
truck, the value of which is fixed
partly by their earliness. the pooling
period should 1??- made shorter, peri
ods as short as one day being used in
some cases. The fairesi pooling period
for t ot ton w<>ulu be one year. Any
shorter period would leave the field
open for speculation, which Lo the
long ran does not benefit the grower.
When pooled cotton is put on the
market it is soid with tie single idea
of benefiting the pool as a '.vhole, and
no advantage can be granted to one
grower over another in the same
pool. All pay a pro rata share of "the
necessary expenses and ad receive the
same net price per pound for cotton
in ili<> same pool. The fact that a
grower may happen to be one oc the
directosr would not give him any ad
vantages which would not apply to
every other grower in exactly the same
way.
A farmers' co-operative marketing
association handling as much as
400.000 hales of cotton in South Caro
lina would truly he a large enterprise,
and the only plan that would be ab
solu'eiy fail-, square, and ibove-board,
with no possibility for favoritism,
would be pooling.
Flays Harding-'s Action
Washington, May 24 ?Further ref
erence t" the report that President
1 hi cling had offered the chairman
ship of the Shipping Board to James
A. Farrel, president of the United
States Steel Corporation, was made
in the House today ),y Representative
Davis, Democrats member of the
Merchant Marine commiitee.
Criticizing the action ef the Pres
ident in "'holding up Shipping Board
appointments while waiting to hear
whether Mr. Farrel would accept."
Mr. Davds declared . there wasi no
question as to Mr. Farrel's ability
"We concede that." he said. ".We
know In- has been a. very successful
man. but will lie devote all of ;his
great talent to the public good?"' Mr.
Farrell is president of the Unite i
States Steel corporatipn. which if I
am given tine-, I shad show by the
highest authorities to be the greatest
monopoly and trust in this country,
;;n<! t'ie- one of .ill others that is do
ing most to retard readjustment and
to Pol?! prices up to an artificial
level."
Quoting tie- recent report of the
federal trad'- commission respecting
st.-.-i prices. Mr. Davis declared "the
commission brought a v< ry strong in
dictmem against tie.- steel corpora
tion, charging it is unjustly and un
lawfully holding up brio -? of commo
dities."
Mr. Davis said it had been author
itatively given out the Whire
House that the president had definite
ly decided to appoint either Mr. Far
rel or \i. A. C. Smith, of N'-w York,
as chairman of tin boa.nl. and that
?"it had been further stated in sub
stance thai the president had decid
ed on other members and that the
full board would be announced as
soon as lie- selection <?' :i chairman
had been definitely settled.
C<;<; cures a ( old quickly. v
Mexico City. May "j- Thirty
Americans are reported :>> have cross
i*d the international Ponndnry at
Vegas in pursuit of Leandro Soria, a
Mexican, who is reported to nave
been carried across the horder. Pres
ident Obregon has or b red an -in
quiry.
Ktib-My-Tisni kills pah
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At The
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Phone 1074 g