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Cdt iMafc|pan an? ^outjjrcriL Published We 'anday and Saturday _ ?BY? 08TKKN PUBLISHING COMPANY bLJJTKK. b. a ? Term*: , $2.04? per annum?in advance. Ad vertlsr mcnta. One Square, first Insertoln ?.$1.00 ?ivory subsequent Insertion .60 Contracts for three months or long? er will bo mads at reduced rates. All communications which subserve private Interests will be charged for en edverttsementa Obituaries and tributes of respect Will be chared for. The Sumter Watchman was found? ed in 1*60 and the True Southron in 110?. The Watchman and Southron now has the combined circulation and influence of both of the old papers, tod la msmfestly the best advertising medium in Sumter. 4 A DF.IWItl MI NT OF OKFEXSE. t Ono of the most interesting pro? posals put forward in the name of the aew admjntftVation is the combining of the army and navy departments under one head. It is reported that Mr. Weeks and Mr. Denby, in accept? ing their posts, both did so with the understanding that they should work together with the ultimate aim of amalgamation. There would be a "secretary of national defense," di? recting not only the two existing de? partments but also a new ono, the de? partment of aviation. I,a ml. water nnd air defense would take equal rank. The plan sounds good. There is no reason In the nature of things why the laad and water systems of de font* should bo kept separate. Many ether governments combine them. The existing arrangement showed serious defects during the war, when the army and navy often got Into each other's way, overlapping and inter? fering, and according to some reports, easting the country hundreds of mil lleps sil dollars by bidding against each other for supplies. That could hardly be helped, with two separate organlaatlns each working; independ? ently to make the best showing for trseU*. but there ts no reason why so Unbusinesslike a system should be perpetuated. There is much prom? ise, too, In the Idea of raising the air ssrvice to equal dignity with the land and sra service. That is as it should W a time may come when the aerial defense Is the most important of the three. Home criticisms of this plan Boom I'?4?? 'l on a Wrong interpretation. It ts said that the combination proposed would be a step backward to prtmt tlve simplicity, and that tho depart mekts are now too vkst and complex to bo conducted by one man. It the matter were worked out rightly, thf criticism would not hold. There would still be, virtually, a secretary of war, a secretary of the navy and a secretary of aviation, to attend to all the regular departmental work; but there Would la1 one big man. as secretary of national defense, to pre serve the balance bet wen them ami co-ordinate their activities. Inasmuch as tho nation spends more money for defense than for any w other purpose, the immense Import tftce of su? h a reform should be seit ?\ ident. PAYING lOU l.l?t < vrroN. In most Institutions of learning In the pnat th" cost of education has gr?aty I xceed* d the tuition charged. Fndowment and other funds have made up the deficit. That is not to be the policy of Harvard's Graduate School of business, which will raise its tuition next year from $250 to $40?. This move Is explained by the head of the school as follows: ' Wo have business education on a SOal basis in the belief that it khould be regnded as an Investment which wlM ulllruatjdv pay good dividends in the form of increased earning power A sound business education ought to be wsjrtl paying for at its full vul ut. The school authorities recognize that rdany students pesSjsgS limited funds when they ' commence their training There are liberal arrange ments for loans but every student Is expected to be able to nay up in full eventually. The Idea upheld, that the business training Is an Investment to the stu? dent which Is worth paying lor. is aood. All education Is an in\estment however, and in many Instances no exact financial estimate oi its woitb ran ever be made. Kven In the Har? vard business school, It is admitted that the tuition will not pa \ for fu? ture development of the school, for new buildings, for research and ex? perimental woik. for use of physical e mi| nont such as lands, buildings, athletic groom It* furnished by the unlvrrsitv. la the end. it appears, fducat.on can only be paid for fully by service to civilisation and IS mankind The If years snd more, from the ele? mentary schools on up through the highly specialised graduate schools, uro ieally the nation s Investment In its youth. Selmol taxes and tuition l>ay only ;i small part of the cost. Tin- rest I omes back in the various forms ot Service that SACh genera? tion renders. TRUTH FROM russia. The latest Authentic news of it vital nature from Russia was brought the other day by Mortis BchWAltA, ;t California SOCiAllSt, when he landed it) New York. With his wife, a Writer known as Jessie li. liOllOi an Amer? ican from Wisconsin, he went to Russia to attend the Third Internat? ionale In Moscow, Hers is pari ot his report: "The people are dying not only from exhnustton and privation, but from ghastly, terrifying fright -fear id what the government will do. for in Russin tu? man may dare "express ius opinions, not ma) men assem? ble in groups to discuss th govern* inenti The people canot talk froe|) the walls ha v.- ears. "The informers of tho Bolshcviki are everywhere ond a man who of? fends in any way is dragged from his hed at the point of a bayonet, hur? ried away from his friends and fam? ily to whom he in lost forever, ami i shot without jury trial. "Bolshevik Rursian government is forever claiming to the world that it is free?that it stands for a free Russia. It is the most despotic gov? ernment that has ever been known in the history of man." These are not mere words. He speaks from bitter experience. He and his wife went to Russia as to a Promised Land. They not only saw, hut suffered. Though their sympa? thies were, with the Bolshevik, they were arrested, apparently an "bour? geois." Their captors started taking from them all their objects of value. Mrs. Schwartz pleaded to be allowed to keep a pin given her by her moth? er. They put a bayonet at her breast and tore the pin from her throat. She went on a hunger strike in prison, saying. "I have wprked for the So? cialist parly ali my life. If you can? not Klvo me a square deal in Russia now, life is not worth living to UW " So she died. "1 have learned my lesson," Mjri Mr. Schwartz. "I believe that the capitalistic form of government has made mistakes, but I would rather live under a poor republican form of government with its occasional errors and injustices than tinder the best so-called Bolshevist govern? ment.' THE russian MMsUMtR. The executive committee Of former members of the Russian douma which has headquarters at Paris, his st?nt to Boris Bakmetleff a messaip? for the American people. Bakmetleff was ambassador of the- provisions! government under Knrensky, and ?lue? the Bolshevist revolution has been living in Washington, without cdlloiul authority to speak for his country, biding his time with RUS sis I patience, Mr. BakinetiefC WAS SSkod Iiy tl.. commutes to explain lo the Ameri? can people the difference between this upr.sing and previous military expeditions against the Reds, and ro, request that food and other aid he sent the Russians cither directly 6r through tin* American Red Crow, purely on humanitarian grounds. "We do no ssk the United States ro participate in the situation In any wa.v polltioally,^ said Nl olal Avaken tteff,. president of ths committee, but hy confining Itself strletlv lo humanitarian aid it can do much directly t* bring about freedom in Russia. Our present desire Is ?.o rUfh food to ths area temporarily freed from ths Bolshevikl." This sounds llks sound sense Moi cover, said Mi. Avskentietf: | "The executive ?ommitte deci.led last January that Bolshevism can be defeated only from within and n*t with expeditions such as that ol* flcit. Wtangei. The present revolution proves the wisdom of our decision. The anti-Bolshevik movement will help t\ith propaganda. supplies of food aao similar aid. but no military form w ill ( ver be Attempted again." This is no hall -oncked demand for recognition of a government which is no government but a horror; this is no weakling plea for undeserved http? This is ? straight explanation, man to man, people to people. R is the requset of one neighbor to anoth? er for something for the family to eat WhllS IhSJ .?ie engaged in putting the his our it deserves respect, It Is ttie most hopeful word which has corns from Russia for four years, i \m:u:ss hHipPKKsi, Ameriean.i like to believe that thej do ihlngi * leu* better thsn othet pesssssA Tel here is a dispatch from Uruguay voicing h eomplnlnt which h?? hsss hsnrd t???toir. it states that a number ot merchants In Moutc * idr?* Imve refused to SCCspt delivery of American goods because they hAVt CABAS poorly pAekSd, with many articles broken, When Montevideo metfchonti hnve ashed to have gomiH paeked in boxes the American ship? per has disregAfded the request SttA sent IhOm in bahn uheli liavtydfl nuflii lent i u < u e. t lorr^hjflj tin: S|SSj| can city printed pictures pf ;i num? ber of llie.-r da ma tied shipment! and then wrote: 'Such occurrences h ad to strained eommereial relations between the United states and Uruguay. Since European production has been aug mcntedi Uruguayan merchants havt received better treatment from Eu? ropean manufucturera, who carefully till nidels. The reduced prices ul which these goods are sold give, ii,. ,; a place abovy American products.* if Uruguay were the only country where merchants have complained ?. American carelessness it might seem to be the fault of a few shippers only. I Bui there have been Other comp h . I In tin past from other part-- ol So Ul [.America. There have also been com? plaints from railroads and cxpn companies within the "United States, telling of Inexcusable recklessness in packing goodtf tor long dlst ti transportation. liere is an excellent and Rimph v to improve foreign trade. To acte out American goods as well packed as they are made is an act of | .1 triotism. it is ai*o good business. RAILROAD WAGE ItBWJOTIONS. Tho railroad employees, three times in the last few years, demanded and obtained higher wages on the ground that they needed more money to meet the increased cost of living. Now the railroads are, insisting on lowering wages, on the ground that they need to cut expenses in order to meet the cost of operation. it is tho same principle, with its application Inverted. And tho rail- j roads' argument seems as sound as the brotherhoods' was last year and the year before The lines are losing money. Many of theta, since the business depression brought a Slump in traffic, are not merely failing to pay dividends?they are not meeting actual expenses. Tb'.a is Intolerable ami unfair. Even a public service corporation has ii right to live, as long as It gives ser? vice. As far as the railroads are concerned, they have got to live, be? cause the public aeeds them, and so they must be allowed a decent living. If they cannot get it In any other way, they must do it by reducing wages. High tales have failed to provide the necessary funds. Subsidies are con? trary to American policy. The em? ploy Sea WhOM Wages were evened up to last year's price levels, now have the advantage of lowered com of liv? ing. It is natural for the railroads to argue that if wages go up when prices do, they should go dow n when prices do. This principle is being applied in many other industries .and is bound to be applied itt the railroad Indus? try. If the railroads are wist*, how? ever, they will .apply it cautiously, by genera] agreement, with the san tion at the federal railroad labor board, instead ol trying to Ignore that body. Ii GERMANY VYKRE ON TOP. After all, the Ot rmana are possi-! bly suffering It ss from tin- presence or an allied army of occupation and a tuff of alllvd tax-collectors than the Itritl It, Frem h ami Belgian would have suffered it' the Germans bad accomplished their original pur? pose, Germany planned to sit in triumph at Paris and ramdon levyi \u tribute on her subject neighbors, German officials even boasted, a' the height of their arrogance, when they were pushing toward Paris and j Were sure of victory, that lin y would impose an Indemnity upon the Unit? ed States greater than the utmost reparation the allies have now de? manded, and that tiny *would Bcize and hold New York for ransom. it is well to remember these 'lungs now, when tho Germans a \ lilling the world with indignant clam? or. Some or the allies' exac tions no doubt are unjust, and the general al? lied policy may be unwise, when con? sidered in the long run. from the standpoint of the general good. But it helps an observer, in making a proper appraisal of conflicting argu? ments, to weigh caltply the dominant motives '->f the two sides, during tin' war and since, and figure what tho sit? uation would be today if the aggres? sors had won instead of the defend? ers. Fewer persons were killed on rail? roads in 1011? than in any > a. sine I 19 ft. ON ACCOUNT?-Of the \v. o. W. convention being in session, tlie regular monthly meeting of the Camp has been postponed until Wednesday, tin- 23rd. II. S. Hood, ( ?Merk. ,-_ FOR BALE?Dixie Triumph wilt re ! sistant seed from eottpu that made bale and half the acre, carefully ginned to provenl mixing. This is a large boll open bearing cotton of the earliest variety which quali? fications makes It the best to plant PEACE BETWEEN REPUBLICS Panama and Costa Rica Accept Mediation by United States Geneva, March l:: (By the Associat? ed Press), The league of nations 10 day published dispatches exchanged between Panama ;? i. I c ita Ii >a u l Sir iv Lc I M umm- : :.?<'. ere tury of Iii - Ii ugu? . in tvhich tin ; . ? r? publii s notil ed Sil I: i thai the: had ae? ? pted med iai ion I y th< Un ? ?'. States in their I'ronti r dispute a l that hostIUIks havi ceased. Sii in replying, expressed Liu pleasure (.;' tli< cot ncil of tin ! of n ti .'it the mediation iit ?!ie 1 nil I ates which, he said, seemed n - o >d ?va; of hrlngrln; about ;? Bettlern n< ? : diJl cuJticH of two members of ii. league t>f nations. Paim mn and t ? sta ?i. a, ? at h ho Is the other ly responfli ?Ii for the ditlbailty along tin bord> .? b twet n the I wo i' . lies. Panama 11 lter? i.: ? United States supreme court in ih ? limiting i e frontier ami reserve the right to .i. i an indemnity for tin expenses >' defensive expeditions. EmphaHf Is laid on the fact that Cos? ta illcau prisoners and wounded are being well treat- d by tin- Panamans in conformity With international agreement "and as is proper in a chivalrous country." Costa It lea in reporting Its accept? ance of American mediation says: "The conflict lias virtually terminat? ed." San .lose. Costa Rica, March 1L'.? Tin- Costs Rienn government has dis? mantled tlx- telegraph line on the Panaman border. The legality of this line lias been disputed by the Pana? man government in the pr< sent boun? dary dispute. Mr. s. i. Till Proud of Men of Slimier. '"The nu n of Bumter do things right" was the statement made by Mr. S. I. Till when the men of tin* McLeod-Wesley Bible class won a. point and a siKnal victory over the Bible class of Florence yesterday morning when there- was present at the Bumter Sunday school Bible class one more man than Florence was aide to muster. Sumter's attendance was ;',is to the '?17 nun of Florence. Mr. Till further states that in- is the happiest man in Sumter over this vic? tory. This contest between Sumter and Florence will close on Easter Sun? day and a!! no n w ho possess any de? gree of city pride should take an in? terest in this contest as it is being watched by all men's classes through? out the entire state. Sumter has nev? er lost a contest of this kind. Mr. Till is expecting 'he number present on next Sunday moruing it the Bible class t?i r ach 400 men and the class <h counting on having BOO na n pres? ent on Kastel* Sunday. The zebra's legs have no warts. Thirty-two per cent of the farm houses in the United States have run nlng water in the house. Has the league of nations no gar? den hose to play on Panama and Co ts Rica?- Iloston If' raid. Police Dots, Several cases ol petty larceny cume ip befoi e i lie i "order on vVedm Ittj which were dulj (lisp *u <\ of 1 '?<? dispensation of appropriate s*.n ? neos Insu? d by Judge Harl y. i ???!:?? s handled deal I for the inoai paii ith i f*i* \? of lie ihukI annoying i ? [charge as was Dave Washington, namely for the roc ivlng of st*?l< n gooda. 'i, was truthful throughout* I admitting his \ uilt, I Is war. given ,r 30 days and had dng to JUd m right end i eon i itted to ?he n* sdaj to a w ail his nk : . . and lerocsy* In his po wem ion : .t ?-?. again*; him to which l?e had "' a I guilty. < loods belonging to herd's st >re were found in his pos? session and he admitted his thefta Dave Washington was tried on the changes of receiving stolen goods and received the sentence of $1?M ->r SO days on the gang. Washington re? ceived this iieavy fine for his wilful lying and g< neral other trouble which ho caused the police during their in? vestigations of the case. When Anal? ly h. saw tint the net of evidence had bei n too closely woven around him and that his emphatic denials availed i,im little, he confessed to the charge against him. Itooscvelt Ttndal was brought be? fore the recorder upon the same an a not se ioui iy hurt, a ;? p H i : ? > on the job seven uut of Lhc week end are cm; lant y rout ding 'em n. and bringing ... m in. Ev n the big presidential names which some of the m?*-r*t;****si bear, as will be noted/ does j. t nave them the embarrassment of a litt'o trip now end then before the record RIOTS IN EGYPT Alexandria. Egyptt March 12.?? Three Killed, others wounded when police tailed to break up demon? strations against Winston Spencer 'Churchill, new secretary of colonies. WHY INCREASE SURPLUS? To the Farmers of South Carolina: It is generally agreed that a 6,000,000-bale crop of cot? ton this year would net the South just as much as a $12, 000,000-bale crop. The chances are it would net us more. Why should the farmers of the South raise 0,000,000 bales of cotton to give away when food and feeds tuffs could be rais? ed on that land? South Carolina imported $111,000,000 worth of food and feedstuff's from the West last year. South Carolina's cotton crop last year if sold on a basis of 10c a pound would net the state approximately ?75,000,000. In other words our cotton does not net us enough to pay for the food and feedstuffs which we aEfrfmporting front the West but*which we could really raise at home. There is no use of raising tot ton ibis year when there is already enough on hand to supply the world for a year and a half. Let's raise food and feedstuff8 and keep the $] 11,000,000 that we spent last year for them at home this year. SOUTH CAROLINA COTTON ASSOi I \T10N Increase the yieid per acre, cut production costs, improve the quality of your crop and protect against weather, injects and dis? eases by the liberal use of IAOI MAU* See your Royster dealer and place your order now F. S. Royster Guano Co Norfolk, Va. Richmond, Va. Lynchburg, V u Charlotte, N. C. VVashingtjMfj Misburg S