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r?blUl?M Wednesday aud Saturday _ ?BY? OSTEEN PUBLISHING COMPANY si M il k. s. a ^ Terms: $2.00 per annum?In advance. Advertisements. One Square, first Inaertoin .$1.00 Svory subsequent Insertion .?r>0 Contrwcts for three months or long Or will be made at reduced rata* All communications which subserve private Interests will be charged for as advertisements. Obituaries and tributes of respect Will be charged for. The Sumter Watchman was found ad In If60 and lb- True Southron In litt. The Watt unan and Southron sow has the combined circulation and influence of both of the old papers, and ie manifestly the beat advertising medium in Sumter. THE r NTH IN KAHLE WML _ Viscount Gray, one of the great* st of English statesmen, lias reft red to war between Great Itriti.ai and the United States as "unthinkable and Inconceivable." Like most think? ing Anglo-Saxons he holds this true for sentimental and racial reasons. But be backs this riea aith a knowl? edge of treaty agreements with which it would be well if mote poopls were familiar. He says: "I would much rather that people, especially in the United States, wharf they have been discussing the incon? ceivable, brought out the plain fact that We have a trente which, If it be Observed, will make war practicably Impossible We (the United states and Great Britain) have a treaty un d>r which, if the two governments aannot agree, they will resort to a eosa mission which will Investigate and report ami recommend a settle? ment, and under which a year's time Is given for reflection before a breach takes place." In connection with the Anglo-Jap? anese treaty, which l( has been hinted te prejudicial to the safety of tin United States, he explains: "This treaty was amended with a provision making it clear that in the event of a quarrel between Japan and any country with which Great Britain bad a treaty of universal ar? bitration, (hire was no Obligation upon ('.rent Britain to <t<> other wist than to keep the treaty. This amendment was framed to apply to the particular treaty which we after? ward made with the United Stales. The Japanese acted In a spirit of fairness ami true statesmanship in agreeing to the amendment" Here is an agreement for arbitra? tion of difficulties with Britain which cannot be Ignored by people whose traditions are that they keep their agreements. Here also is evidence th?,t the claims that Britain would necessarily co-operate with Japan In making war upon us aro unfounded. Japan is not likely to tackle us alone. * nor does she want to tackle us at all. Mere are the foundations of psaci let us have It! The Uncle Sam Oil company is go? ing tu sue the Standard Oil Company of New Jersey for fl.OUO.000.00n. Why be a piker? Why not follow the allies' example and make it $j5,<M)0, 000,000? a *> a The new eongresswomaa says When she gets to Washington she's going to "keep her eyefl Opel and bet mouth shut." Is there any prece? dent for that in congress? "LOST" HIGHTS OF LAltOll. Dr. Scott Scaring. In a recent ad? dress to a labor audience, I quoted as saying: "The American Federation of La - bar today hasn't a leg to stand on. Rvery right which it thought it pos? sessed has been taken awav." He ?\ plalned in detail as follows: "The American Federation Of JL*V1 bor Is founded upon four broad prin? ciples?the right to agitate, to union? ise, to boycott and to strike Sedition laws In most or* the states havo de? nied the right to agitate, The lilnch man coal de< Ision In West VlrginU has dented the right to unionise. Th^ Duplex 1'rlntlng Machine ''j, de ds ton has denied the iiK'ht to boycott, and the Danburj hattet d<s*lslon has denied th#* right to strlk "All of these decisions and the dition laws have been upheld by th.1 United States Snpreim ?'?>uit." If this Is true, American Industrial gsjlonlsm certainl) Is In a had way. But what ate the tads of the cam Aa for the right to aglt Its I The American PVderatlrn of La bor is en gagjed right now la national agitation fe rtbe principles of Industrial .tur? tles as Its h ol oncelve them, v Oompers' speeches und his oru tion's program an- piloted e\er; where. Dr. Searing himself goes abont del raring radical labor h - tun *. as ovMenct d in this very ut (orange, without hindrance or an) k.nd As for the i ight to unionise: La **ot unions exist In every Important Industrial city in ttic United Hfit.s Tic He unions .t . 11 ? i I l.i k oi ? in new no inte rn, except In cas< Where they dellb. ral ly limu tlu b '?w n membership, and new I. -? tre Hig oignnlxed all the tmu . As for the right to boycott; Tgjj . ? most qoeettonable of all rights, but it is generally conceded that ? la? bor union may engage i? iltlmately in a direct boycott of its employer by refraining, itself, from buying his producta h n branches out Into the Indirect boycott, seeking to Injure the business concern with which it has no <lii<ct relation, o t?? induce other unions, not direct y Inter sted, to re frnln from buying its employer's goods that is a drft rut matter. There are labor unions n i d right now in direct boycott.-, with ? I hind? rance. As for the right to strike Th re are various union labor st.il i i peogreSS today in this count r. the only reason there are not . is that Industrial depression has leu men to prize their j?d?s. These are facts Und any chl'Vii can Verify for himself. Ask Qompers whether his federa? tion ' hasn't a leg to stand on.*' Ot ask its enemies, the reactionary em? ployers. It has some unfair handi? cap*! but there is no sense in exag? gerating them so groteequely. Dr. Nearlng's statements are simply sil? ly. The pity of it is that a supposed scholar should use his Influence to drive such nonsense into the mind of uneducated workmen who will take them seriously. VASlllXtiTO.VS TOMU. Oeorgs Bteptoe Washington, de? scended On the paternal and maternal' sides from two brothers ol the Fath? er of his COUntry( has collected the Interpretntlon put on a speeoh of his, to the effect that he intended to build a fence around the Washington tomb ! at Mount Vernon and shut out the public. He says that he and his ' family hu\o no desire to be selfish about the matter, and realize that; the public may be regarded as having rights in the matter transcending i thOOl of individuals. Whether this was door s Bteptoe Washington's view when hs madt tin- speech la Question or whether It Is his revised view resulting from the Btomi Of criticism aroused makes lit- j tie difference. He and his relatives i >ee the pedal bow, at least and the |aSU< Will hardly be raise.I again. Tin tomb of i b orge Washington is, and hus been from the first, not a private possession but a national institution ?Van if anyone asserting an owner? ship right to tlie particular plot Ol ?round on which it stands had been i direct descendant Instead ot a col lateral heir, the situation would bei the same, Any attempt to assert private lights u. BUCtl a case would be , an arrogant pi? CS of presumption of whh h it is Inconceivable that any Hue American could be guilty. All great men belong to the nation that reveres them, and so do their visible memorials, regardless of tech? nical property lights. It will b? a sad day for America when any na< tional hero, statesman or other public benefactor Is shut off from the trib? utes of a grateful people by helm whose heirshtp is merely that of blood rather than of Ideale, Georg? Washington's real heirs are th American people, to whom he bc quented the best government t earth and the highest set *>f Ideals that ever animated a government. why hills -si.ii? imtouuH" During the closing days- of the con? gressional session an ev at o?_cMied in the senate which gave an interest? ing sidelight on the business muthojal by Which the biggest business hi the srorld is sometimes conduced, In an ordinary session one ufiir noon, with only a handful cf lite I n gtOTS present, though all Wore paid ! Co be there, the cleric Has dronlblfi out the it? tns ki the Muni nlmous con? sent" cnlendar, some of the senators Were reading .n wspapcrs, some were j engaged In conversation The clerk [ read the resolution authorizing the ! president of the United States to take j steps toward an international dis armament oonference, Not a voice was raised to call for discussion ??r make objection, while' listeners inj the visitor's galleryi more attention than tin- senators, m ..i ly fell U OU1 their Ohnlra. .lust before it was too late, one of the senators awoke from nis Kip Van Winkle steep and called wildly for a reading <-f the eittirc measure, and proceedings were cheeked fOf the 11010 bOlOg. Probatdy popular sentiment in the count i j Would have been glad rather than otherwise If the aicaaun had passed undetected) t>ut the ones is a potent oomtm ntary, as one paper suggests, on the manner Mln which t ills sometlmt slip through when no (tue is looking." The p'?int is, a/hat business have law-makers, elected ind paid to rep reeent the people, not to be present and attosJttve when kmpoiiant meas? ured are pending. or nt any other linn when congress is in session? -m f'harlei Brans ffugheS h< a brave man. outside as well as Inside. In spite of everything, he still wears those whiskers* GEN. JAN CHRISTIAN SiMUTS ON "WILSON'S PLACE IN HISTORY" in General the Right Hone able Christian Smuts, Premier of t h?? Union of Rout Ii Africa, nerved with President Wilson on the League of Nations Commission of Lhe l*eace <'onferenci. <;< n. Smuts was an active leader of the Boer army In the field in the Boer war. 11? is a graduate of <'n:u brldge University In England, served! as state attorney for the Bouth Afri? can Itepubllc, und was well known gs a in? mber of the bar at Cape Town. Accepting the outcome of the Boer ?var, he entered the service ot the IHltish government) becoming Coi i a] secretary for the Transvaal in '?. and exercising a leading In nee as a delegate in the National ?'? i t'ention of 1910, which drew up (Constitution for the present l-ni of Bouth Africa. He was M n ster of Defence ot the South Af? rican Government and commanded the troops In tho campaign against, the Hermans in Sast Africa in i*-*i*i ? IT. l . i.i led to l>e an honorary lieu? tenant-general) he was the South African ? r< tentative In the Im perlal w... Cabinet In 1917-18. This led to his prominence In the Peace Conference and to his close contact with President VYi son. On February vof this year'P i* SttlUtS and the South Africa!: won a decisive \i tory at the ?< oi'er Gen. Hert sog a ii I those \ ...? advocated the sei cssion of Sou. i Africa from the British Empire? \\ nod row Wilson's Place in History. (By General the Right Honorable Jan Christian Smuts, Premier of the L'nion of South Africa.) Pretoria, s. A.. Jan. 8, 1021. It has been suggested that I should write a short estimate and appraisal! of the work of President Wilson on the termination of his presidency of' tin- Cnli d States of America. 1 feel j I' must comply with the suggestion. | I feel I may not remain silent when there is an opportunity to say a word of appreciation for the work of one with whom 1 came into close COntnct al a great period and who rendered the most signal service to the gnat human cause. There is a great saying of Mom ni? ne n <f believe) in reference to the close of Hannibal's career in failure I and eclipse. "<>n those Whom the gotis love they lavish Infinite joys and Infi? nite sorrows." It lias come back to' i my mind in reference to the close of ? Wilson's caret r. For a tew brief mo- | mentl he was not only the leader of j the greatest state in the world; he was raised to far giddier heights and l>eenme the centre of world's hopes And then he fell, misunderstood and rejected bj his own people, and his great career closes apparently in j signal and tragic defeat. What is the explanation of this tremendous trag? edy, which is not solely American. which closely concerns tin- whole world? Of COttrse, there are purely American elements in the explana? tion, which I am not competent to Speak on. Put besides the American quarrel with President Wilson there is something to be said on the gregl matters in issue. On these 1 may be permitted to say a few words. The position occupied by Pri ?ldent Wilson in the world's Imagination at the close of the great war and at the beginning of the peace conference was terrible in its greatness, it was a terrible position for any mere man to occupy. Probab.y to no hu? man being in ail history did the hopes, the prayers, the aspirations of ?) muny millions of his fellows turn ? th such plognant intensity as to him at the (dose of the war. At a lime of the deepest darkness and de *palr, lie had raised aloft a light to hieb all eyes bad turned. He had pokell divine words oi healing and consolation to a broken humanity. Mis lofty moral idealism seemed for a moment to dominate the brutal passions which had torn the old world asunder. And be was suppos? ed tu pOSSeSS the secret which WOUld remake tin world on fairer lines. The peace which Wilson was bringing to 'In- world was expected to be bud's ptnee, Prussian Ism lay crushed; brute force had failed Utterly. The linn al character of the universe had i" en most signally vindicated. There was a universal vague hope of a great moral peace, of a new world or? der arising visibly ami Immediately on the ruins of the old. This hope was not a mere superficial sentiment. H was the intense expression at the end ol' the war of the inner moral and spiritual foice which bad upborne the peoples during tin- dark night Of lb-- war and bad nerved them to an effort almost beyond human strength. Surely, surely, Hod had been with them in that long night of agony. His was the victory; Iiis should be tic peace. And President Wilson was looked Upon as the man to make tins gnat peace. He bad voiced the gnat ideals of ibe new oub r; his great ut? terances bad become the contractual basis tor the armistice and the peace. The Idealism Oi Wilson would sure? ly become the reality of the new or? der of things in the peace treaty. in this atmosphere of extravagant, almost frensled expectation he ar? rived at the Paris peace conference. Without hesitation lie plunged into that inferno of human passions. He went down into the pit like a second Heracles to bring back tin fair Alccs tis of tin- world's desire. Then' were six months of agonised waiting, (hir? ing which the world sii nation rapidly deteriorated. Ami then he emerged with the peace treaty. l? was not a Wilson peace, ami he made a fata! mistake in somehow giving the Im? pression that the ponc< was m accord with his fourteen points and his vari? ous declarations. Mot .so the world bad Understood him, This was a runic peace, the same son of peace as the victor had dictated to the van? quished for thousands of years, 11 was, pot Alecs! is, it was a bufjf&rd The Fertilizer That Makes You the Most Profit COMPLETE Fertilizers containing phosphoric acid, ammonia and potash make you the most profit. They must be evenly mixed and properly proportioned from carefully selected organic and chemical materials. This insures an even supply of plant food throughout the growing season. Swift & Company has everything necessary to make fertilizer right: trained chemists?agricultural experts?modern machinery. Buy Swift's Red Steer Complete Fertilizers and make the most profit. Swift & Company (FERTILIZER WORKS) Atlanta, Ga. Charlotte, N. C. New Orleans, La unlovely woman with features dis? torted with hatred, greed, and selfish* neas, and the little child that the woman carried was scarcely noticed. Yet it was for the saving of the child that Wilson had labored until he was a physical wreck. Let our other great statesmen and leaders enjoj their well-earned honors for their un questlond success at Paris, To Wood row W ilson, the apparent failure, he longs the undying honor, which wr.i grow with the growing centuries pf having saved the "little child that shall lead them yet.*' No other states i an but Wilson could have done- it. And he did it. The people, the common people of all lands, did not understand the significance of what had happened. They saw only that hard, unlovely Prussian peace, and the great hope died in their hearts. The great dis? illusionment took its place. The most receptive mood Tor a new start the world had been in for centuries passed away. Faith In their gover? nors and leaders was largely de? stroyed, and the foundations of hu? man government wi re shaken in a way Which will be felt for genera? tions. The Paris peace lost an op? portunity as unique as the great war Itself, in destroying ti e moral ideal? ism born of the sacrifices of tin- war it did almost as much as the war it? self in shattering the structure of wostern civilization, And the odium for all this fell especially on president Wilson. Round him the hopes had centred; round him the disillusion and despair now gathered. Popular opinion largely held him responsible for the bitter disappointment and grievous failure. The cynics scoffed; his friends were silenced in tin- universal disappoint? ment. Little or nothing had been ex pected from the other leaders; the whole failure was put to the account of Woodrow Wilson. And finally America for reasons of bei- own joined the pack and at the end it was Iiis own people who tore him to piece.-. Will this judgment, born of mo? mentary disillusion and disappoint? ment, stand in future, or will iL he reversed? The time has not come to pass final judgment on either Wil? son or any of the other great actors in the drama at Paris. The personal estimates will depend largely on the Interpretation of that drama in the course of time. As one who saw and watched things from the inside I feel convinced that the present popular estimates are largely superficial and \\ i I not stand the searching test of lime. And I have no doubt Whatever thai Wilson has hen harshly, un? fairly, Unjustly dealt with, and that he has In tie made a scape-oat lor the sins of others. Wilson made mis? takes, and there were occasions when i ventured to sound a warning note. But it was not his mistakes that caused the failure for which he has been held mainly responsible. Let us admit the truth, however hitter it is to do so for those who believe in human nature, It was not Wilson who failed. The position i far more serious. |i was tin' human spirit itself that failed at Tans. it is no use passing judgments ami making scapegoats of tins or that in? dividual statesman or group Ol statesmen. Idealists muke a great mistake in not facing the real facts sincerely and resolutely, They be? ll? \c in t he pou ? i oft he spit H. lit I In goodness which Is at tin heart oi t Minus in the triumph which Is In ittoi ?? foi i he g''? 1*1 '"' ideals of tin- race. Ilul this faith onlj loo of? ten leads to an optimism which is sadly and fatallj .it variance with actual results it is the realist and not the idealist who is generally Justi iied by events. We forget thai the human spirit, the spirit of goodness and truth in the world, is still only an infant crying in the night, and that I the struggle with darkness is as yet mostly an unequal struggle. Paris proved this terrible truth j one*, more. It was not Wilson who failed there, but humanity itself. It was n<>t the statesmen that failed, so nun h as the spirit of the peoples be? hind them. The hope, the aspiration 'or a new world order of peace and right and justice?-however deeply ind universally felt?was still only feeble and ineffective in comparison with the dominant national passions which found their express-ion In the pence treaty. Even If Wilson had been one of the great demi-gods of the human race, he could not have saved the peace. Knowing thy peace conference as I knew it from within. I feel convinced in my own mind that not the greatest man born of woman in the history of the race would have saved that situation. The t;.vat hope was not the heralding of the coming dawn, as the peoples thought, but only a dim intimation of some far off event towards which we shall yet have to make many a long weary march. Sincerely as we believed in the moral Ideals for which we had fought, the temptation at Paris of a arge booty to be divided proved too great. And In the end not only the leaders but the peoples preferred a bit of booty here, a strategic frontier liiere, a coal Held or an oil well, an addition to their population or their resources?to all the faint allure? ments of the ideal. As 1 said at the time, the real peace was still to come, and it could only come from a new spirit In the peoples themselvea What was really saved at Paris was the child?the covenant of the League of Nations. The political realists who had their eye on the loot were prepared*?however reluctantly ?to throw that Innocent little top to President Wilson and his feliOW ideal? ists. After all. there was not much harm In it. it threatened no present national interest, and it gave great pleasure to a number of good unprac? tical people in most countries. Above all, President Wilson had to be con? ciliated, and this was the last and the greatest of the fourteen points on which he had set his heart and by which he was determined to stand or fall. And so he got his way. I Jut it is a fact that only a man of his great power ami Influence and dogged de? termination could have carried the covenant through that peace confer? ence. Others bail seen with him the great vision. Others had perhaps giv? en more thought to the elaboration ?I the great plan. But his was the pow? er and the will that carried it through. The covenant is Wilson'i souvenir to the future of pie world, No one will ever deny him that hon? or. The honor I* very great, indeed, foi the co\. nant Is one of the great cre? ative documents Ol human history. 'Pin peace treaty will fade into on r eiinl oblivion, and its provisions evlll be gradually obliterated by the great human tides sweeping over the world. Pill tin covenant will stand as BUM ;,s fate. Korty-two nations gathered round it at the lirsl meeting of ih? Hea?u? at (leneva. And the day If J not far off w In n all the ft * e peoples i Hi i be world will gather round it. It must succeed, because I here is m other w ly for the future of civilisa? tion, h does m?t realise the great hopes born of the war. but it pro? vides Ihe only method and Instru i , .,! h> which In the course of time those hope's can be realised, Speak? ing as one who has some right to -peak on the fundamental concep? tions, objects, and methods of the covenant, 1 fed auri thai m,og{ of the present criticism Is based on misunderstandings. These misunder? standings will clear away, one by one the peoples still outside the cov? enant will fall in behind thi^ ban? ner, under which the human race is going to march forward to triumphs of peaceful oiganization and achieve? ment undreamt of by us children of an unhappier era. And the leader who, in spite of apparent failure, suc ceeded In inscribing his name on that bann? )- has achieved the most en? viable and enduring immortality. Americans of the future will yet proudly and gratefully rank him with Washington and Lincoln* and MM ame will have a more universal sig? nificance than theirs. . District Sunday School (Xmferenee Meet in Manning. What promises to be one of tl best Sunday school gatherings evi held in tin- Sumter district* ia the Dl trict Sunday school conference to held In Manning, May 17th and 11 Already plans have been made u ing toward a most effective prog! and efforts will be made to the attendance of a large numtx representative workers within district, A program committee ha? bei pointed, which is composed of M. McHeod, presiding elder; Charlton DuRant, district pr? and Miss Jessie Curtis, distri inentar> superintendent. Mis mie J. Chandler, of Sumter, man of the publicity committ? The conference will be held the direction of the District school officers and the field of the Conference Sunday board. Following are the disti ticers. Including presidents sub-districts: Hon. Charlton Manning; Rev. 1>. M. McLeod. Sumter; Miss Mabel stuckey, Vtlle; Miss Jessie Curtis, Miss Mamie j. Chandler, Surafl .i. E. Rowe./Summerton; Mrs! Onsrud, Elliott; Mr. A. L. LucT ning; Mr. Joseph Sprott, Mi Mr. S. N. Welch, Elliott; Mr. Bowel 1, Camden; Hr. F. m. Camden; Prof. W. 8. Hogan, ! land. The field workers of the 1 ence Sunday school board ar lows: Rev. J. Emerson Fo eral secretary; Miss Pauline elementary superintendent; f fSlisabeth Brailsferd, office at Tiic headquarters of the eonj board a. e in Orangsburg. All pastors. Sunday school Intendents, and at least twi representatlvee from every ( the district are expected to lent at the conference in Tin number of pastors is three and the number of is sixty. A trav< ling man passing the country four miles from on Plowden Mill road says i: r liradle) and h. f. capi ihe best prepared farms tht Sumter ? ounty. All tl broke up well and harroi ditches cleaned off. and plant their crop. Baltimore, March 3.?PI elect Harding announced thej of James J Davis, of Pitti secretary of labor and ('hl ist ia n. J r . as secret! president. I id ia un polis. Marohi coal op. raters indicte^jj shsn law by conspirinsj l etallers to incresJ? oday surenden Marshal Storej