The watchman and southron. (Sumter, S.C.) 1881-1930, March 05, 1921, Image 2
r?blUl?M Wednesday aud Saturday
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and ie manifestly the beat advertising
medium in Sumter.
THE r NTH IN KAHLE WML
_
Viscount Gray, one of the great*
st of English statesmen, lias reft
red to war between Great Itriti.ai and
the United States as "unthinkable
and Inconceivable." Like most think?
ing Anglo-Saxons he holds this true
for sentimental and racial reasons.
But be backs this riea aith a knowl?
edge of treaty agreements with which
it would be well if mote poopls were
familiar. He says:
"I would much rather that people,
especially in the United States, wharf
they have been discussing the incon?
ceivable, brought out the plain fact
that We have a trente which, If it be
Observed, will make war practicably
Impossible We (the United states
and Great Britain) have a treaty un
d>r which, if the two governments
aannot agree, they will resort to a
eosa mission which will Investigate
and report ami recommend a settle?
ment, and under which a year's
time Is given for reflection before a
breach takes place."
In connection with the Anglo-Jap?
anese treaty, which l( has been hinted
te prejudicial to the safety of tin
United States, he explains:
"This treaty was amended with a
provision making it clear that in the
event of a quarrel between Japan
and any country with which Great
Britain bad a treaty of universal ar?
bitration, (hire was no Obligation
upon ('.rent Britain to <t<> other wist
than to keep the treaty. This
amendment was framed to apply to
the particular treaty which we after?
ward made with the United Stales.
The Japanese acted In a spirit of
fairness ami true statesmanship in
agreeing to the amendment"
Here is an agreement for arbitra?
tion of difficulties with Britain which
cannot be Ignored by people whose
traditions are that they keep their
agreements. Here also is evidence
th?,t the claims that Britain would
necessarily co-operate with Japan In
making war upon us aro unfounded.
Japan is not likely to tackle us alone.
* nor does she want to tackle us at all.
Mere are the foundations of psaci
let us have It!
The Uncle Sam Oil company is go?
ing tu sue the Standard Oil Company
of New Jersey for fl.OUO.000.00n.
Why be a piker? Why not follow the
allies' example and make it $j5,<M)0,
000,000?
a *> a
The new eongresswomaa says
When she gets to Washington she's
going to "keep her eyefl Opel and bet
mouth shut." Is there any prece?
dent for that in congress?
"LOST" HIGHTS OF LAltOll.
Dr. Scott Scaring. In a recent ad?
dress to a labor audience, I quoted
as saying:
"The American Federation of La -
bar today hasn't a leg to stand on.
Rvery right which it thought it pos?
sessed has been taken awav." He ?\
plalned in detail as follows:
"The American Federation Of JL*V1
bor Is founded upon four broad prin?
ciples?the right to agitate, to union?
ise, to boycott and to strike Sedition
laws In most or* the states havo de?
nied the right to agitate, The lilnch
man coal de< Ision In West VlrginU
has dented the right to unionise. Th^
Duplex 1'rlntlng Machine ''j, de ds
ton has denied the iiK'ht to boycott,
and the Danburj hattet d<s*lslon has
denied th#* right to strlk
"All of these decisions and the
dition laws have been upheld by th.1
United States Snpreim ?'?>uit."
If this Is true, American Industrial
gsjlonlsm certainl) Is In a had way.
But what ate the tads of the cam
Aa for the right to aglt Its I The
American PVderatlrn of La bor is en
gagjed right now la national agitation
fe rtbe principles of Industrial .tur?
tles as Its h ol oncelve them, v
Oompers' speeches und his oru
tion's program an- piloted e\er;
where. Dr. Searing himself goes
abont del raring radical labor h -
tun *. as ovMenct d in this very ut
(orange, without hindrance or an)
k.nd
As for the i ight to unionise: La
**ot unions exist In every Important
Industrial city in ttic United Hfit.s
Tic He unions .t . 11 ? i I l.i k oi
? in new no inte rn, except In cas<
Where they dellb. ral ly limu tlu b
'?w n membership, and new I. -? tre
Hig oignnlxed all the tmu .
As for the right to boycott; Tgjj
. ? most qoeettonable of all rights,
but it is generally conceded that ? la?
bor union may engage i? iltlmately in
a direct boycott of its employer by
refraining, itself, from buying his
producta h n branches out Into the
Indirect boycott, seeking to Injure the
business concern with which it has
no <lii<ct relation, o t?? induce other
unions, not direct y Inter sted, to re
frnln from buying its employer's
goods that is a drft rut matter.
There are labor unions n i d right
now in direct boycott.-, with ? I hind?
rance.
As for the right to strike Th re
are various union labor st.il i
i
peogreSS today in this count r.
the only reason there are not .
is that Industrial depression has leu
men to prize their j?d?s.
These are facts Und any chl'Vii
can Verify for himself.
Ask Qompers whether his federa?
tion ' hasn't a leg to stand on.*' Ot
ask its enemies, the reactionary em?
ployers. It has some unfair handi?
cap*! but there is no sense in exag?
gerating them so groteequely. Dr.
Nearlng's statements are simply sil?
ly. The pity of it is that a supposed
scholar should use his Influence to
drive such nonsense into the mind
of uneducated workmen who will
take them seriously.
VASlllXtiTO.VS TOMU.
Oeorgs Bteptoe Washington, de?
scended On the paternal and maternal'
sides from two brothers ol the Fath?
er of his COUntry( has collected the
Interpretntlon put on a speeoh of his,
to the effect that he intended to build
a fence around the Washington tomb !
at Mount Vernon and shut out the
public. He says that he and his '
family hu\o no desire to be selfish
about the matter, and realize that;
the public may be regarded as having
rights in the matter transcending
i
thOOl of individuals.
Whether this was door s Bteptoe
Washington's view when hs madt
tin- speech la Question or whether It
Is his revised view resulting from the
Btomi Of criticism aroused makes lit- j
tie difference. He and his relatives i
>ee the pedal bow, at least and the
|aSU< Will hardly be raise.I again. Tin
tomb of i b orge Washington is, and
hus been from the first, not a private
possession but a national institution
?Van if anyone asserting an owner?
ship right to tlie particular plot Ol
?round on which it stands had been
i direct descendant Instead ot a col
lateral heir, the situation would bei
the same, Any attempt to assert
private lights u. BUCtl a case would be ,
an arrogant pi? CS of presumption of
whh h it is Inconceivable that any
Hue American could be guilty.
All great men belong to the nation
that reveres them, and so do their
visible memorials, regardless of tech?
nical property lights. It will b? a
sad day for America when any na<
tional hero, statesman or other public
benefactor Is shut off from the trib?
utes of a grateful people by helm
whose heirshtp is merely that of
blood rather than of Ideale, Georg?
Washington's real heirs are th
American people, to whom he bc
quented the best government t
earth and the highest set *>f Ideals
that ever animated a government.
why hills -si.ii? imtouuH"
During the closing days- of the con?
gressional session an ev at o?_cMied
in the senate which gave an interest?
ing sidelight on the business muthojal
by Which the biggest business hi the
srorld is sometimes conduced,
In an ordinary session one ufiir
noon, with only a handful cf lite I n
gtOTS present, though all Wore paid !
Co be there, the cleric Has dronlblfi
out the it? tns ki the Muni nlmous con?
sent" cnlendar, some of the senators
Were reading .n wspapcrs, some were j
engaged In conversation The clerk [
read the resolution authorizing the !
president of the United States to take j
steps toward an international dis
armament oonference, Not a voice
was raised to call for discussion ??r
make objection, while' listeners inj
the visitor's galleryi more attention
than tin- senators, m ..i ly fell U OU1
their Ohnlra. .lust before it was too
late, one of the senators awoke from
nis Kip Van Winkle steep and called
wildly for a reading <-f the eittirc
measure, and proceedings were
cheeked fOf the 11010 bOlOg.
Probatdy popular sentiment in the
count i j Would have been glad rather
than otherwise If the aicaaun had
passed undetected) t>ut the ones is
a potent oomtm ntary, as one paper
suggests, on the manner Mln which
t ills sometlmt slip through when no
(tue is looking."
The p'?int is, a/hat business have
law-makers, elected ind paid to rep
reeent the people, not to be present
and attosJttve when kmpoiiant meas?
ured are pending. or nt any other
linn when congress is in session?
-m
f'harlei Brans ffugheS h< a brave
man. outside as well as Inside. In
spite of everything, he still wears
those whiskers*
GEN. JAN CHRISTIAN SiMUTS
ON "WILSON'S PLACE IN
HISTORY"
in
General the Right Hone able
Christian Smuts, Premier of t h??
Union of Rout Ii Africa, nerved with
President Wilson on the League of
Nations Commission of Lhe l*eace
<'onferenci.
<;< n. Smuts was an active leader of
the Boer army In the field in the
Boer war. 11? is a graduate of <'n:u
brldge University In England, served!
as state attorney for the Bouth Afri?
can Itepubllc, und was well known gs
a in? mber of the bar at Cape Town.
Accepting the outcome of the Boer
?var, he entered the service ot the
IHltish government) becoming Coi
i a] secretary for the Transvaal in
'?. and exercising a leading In
nee as a delegate in the National
?'? i t'ention of 1910, which drew up
(Constitution for the present
l-ni of Bouth Africa. He was
M n ster of Defence ot the South Af?
rican Government and commanded
the troops In tho campaign against,
the Hermans in Sast Africa in i*-*i*i ?
IT. l . i.i led to l>e an honorary lieu?
tenant-general) he was the South
African ? r< tentative In the Im
perlal w... Cabinet In 1917-18. This
led to his prominence In the Peace
Conference and to his close contact
with President VYi son. On February
vof this year'P i* SttlUtS and the
South Africa!: won a decisive
\i tory at the ?< oi'er Gen. Hert
sog a ii I those \ ...? advocated the
sei cssion of Sou. i Africa from the
British Empire?
\\ nod row Wilson's Place in History.
(By General the Right Honorable Jan
Christian Smuts, Premier of the
L'nion of South Africa.)
Pretoria, s. A.. Jan. 8, 1021.
It has been suggested that I should
write a short estimate and appraisal!
of the work of President Wilson on
the termination of his presidency of'
tin- Cnli d States of America. 1 feel j
I' must comply with the suggestion. |
I feel I may not remain silent when
there is an opportunity to say a
word of appreciation for the work
of one with whom 1 came into close
COntnct al a great period and who
rendered the most signal service to
the gnat human cause.
There is a great saying of Mom ni?
ne n <f believe) in reference to the
close of Hannibal's career in failure I
and eclipse. "<>n those Whom the gotis
love they lavish Infinite joys and Infi?
nite sorrows." It lias come back to'
i
my mind in reference to the close of ?
Wilson's caret r. For a tew brief mo- |
mentl he was not only the leader of j
the greatest state in the world; he
was raised to far giddier heights and
l>eenme the centre of world's hopes
And then he fell, misunderstood and
rejected bj his own people, and his
great career closes apparently in j
signal and tragic defeat. What is the
explanation of this tremendous trag?
edy, which is not solely American.
which closely concerns tin- whole
world? Of COttrse, there are purely
American elements in the explana?
tion, which I am not competent to
Speak on. Put besides the American
quarrel with President Wilson there
is something to be said on the gregl
matters in issue. On these 1 may be
permitted to say a few words.
The position occupied by Pri ?ldent
Wilson in the world's Imagination at
the close of the great war and at the
beginning of the peace conference
was terrible in its greatness, it was
a terrible position for any mere
man to occupy. Probab.y to no hu?
man being in ail history did the
hopes, the prayers, the aspirations of
?) muny millions of his fellows turn
? th such plognant intensity as to
him at the (dose of the war. At a
lime of the deepest darkness and de
*palr, lie had raised aloft a light to
hieb all eyes bad turned. He had
pokell divine words oi healing and
consolation to a broken humanity.
Mis lofty moral idealism seemed for
a moment to dominate the brutal
passions which had torn the old
world asunder. And be was suppos?
ed tu pOSSeSS the secret which WOUld
remake tin world on fairer lines. The
peace which Wilson was bringing to
'In- world was expected to be bud's
ptnee, Prussian Ism lay crushed;
brute force had failed Utterly. The
linn al character of the universe had
i" en most signally vindicated. There
was a universal vague hope of a
great moral peace, of a new world or?
der arising visibly ami Immediately
on the ruins of the old. This hope
was not a mere superficial sentiment.
H was the intense expression at the
end ol' the war of the inner moral
and spiritual foice which bad upborne
the peoples during tin- dark night Of
lb-- war and bad nerved them to an
effort almost beyond human strength.
Surely, surely, Hod had been with
them in that long night of agony. His
was the victory; Iiis should be tic
peace. And President Wilson was
looked Upon as the man to make tins
gnat peace. He bad voiced the gnat
ideals of ibe new oub r; his great ut?
terances bad become the contractual
basis tor the armistice and the peace.
The Idealism Oi Wilson would sure?
ly become the reality of the new or?
der of things in the peace treaty.
in this atmosphere of extravagant,
almost frensled expectation he ar?
rived at the Paris peace conference.
Without hesitation lie plunged into
that inferno of human passions. He
went down into the pit like a second
Heracles to bring back tin fair Alccs
tis of tin- world's desire. Then' were
six months of agonised waiting, (hir?
ing which the world sii nation rapidly
deteriorated. Ami then he emerged
with the peace treaty. l? was not a
Wilson peace, ami he made a fata!
mistake in somehow giving the Im?
pression that the ponc< was m accord
with his fourteen points and his vari?
ous declarations. Mot .so the world
bad Understood him, This was a
runic peace, the same son of peace
as the victor had dictated to the van?
quished for thousands of years, 11
was, pot Alecs! is, it was a bufjf&rd
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unlovely woman with features dis?
torted with hatred, greed, and selfish*
neas, and the little child that the
woman carried was scarcely noticed.
Yet it was for the saving of the child
that Wilson had labored until he was
a physical wreck. Let our other
great statesmen and leaders enjoj
their well-earned honors for their un
questlond success at Paris, To Wood
row W ilson, the apparent failure, he
longs the undying honor, which wr.i
grow with the growing centuries pf
having saved the "little child that
shall lead them yet.*' No other states
i an but Wilson could have done- it.
And he did it.
The people, the common people of
all lands, did not understand the
significance of what had happened.
They saw only that hard, unlovely
Prussian peace, and the great hope
died in their hearts. The great dis?
illusionment took its place. The most
receptive mood Tor a new start the
world had been in for centuries
passed away. Faith In their gover?
nors and leaders was largely de?
stroyed, and the foundations of hu?
man government wi re shaken in a
way Which will be felt for genera?
tions. The Paris peace lost an op?
portunity as unique as the great war
Itself, in destroying ti e moral ideal?
ism born of the sacrifices of tin- war
it did almost as much as the war it?
self in shattering the structure of
wostern civilization,
And the odium for all this fell
especially on president Wilson. Round
him the hopes had centred; round
him the disillusion and despair now
gathered. Popular opinion largely
held him responsible for the bitter
disappointment and grievous failure.
The cynics scoffed; his friends were
silenced in tin- universal disappoint?
ment. Little or nothing had been ex
pected from the other leaders; the
whole failure was put to the account
of Woodrow Wilson. And finally
America for reasons of bei- own joined
the pack and at the end it was Iiis
own people who tore him to piece.-.
Will this judgment, born of mo?
mentary disillusion and disappoint?
ment, stand in future, or will iL he
reversed? The time has not come to
pass final judgment on either Wil?
son or any of the other great actors
in the drama at Paris. The personal
estimates will depend largely on the
Interpretation of that drama in the
course of time. As one who saw and
watched things from the inside I feel
convinced that the present popular
estimates are largely superficial and
\\ i I not stand the searching test of
lime. And I have no doubt Whatever
thai Wilson has hen harshly, un?
fairly, Unjustly dealt with, and that
he has In tie made a scape-oat lor the
sins of others. Wilson made mis?
takes, and there were occasions when
i ventured to sound a warning note.
But it was not his mistakes that
caused the failure for which he has
been held mainly responsible.
Let us admit the truth, however
hitter it is to do so for those who
believe in human nature, It was
not Wilson who failed. The position i
far more serious. |i was tin' human
spirit itself that failed at Tans. it
is no use passing judgments ami
making scapegoats of tins or that in?
dividual statesman or group Ol
statesmen. Idealists muke a great
mistake in not facing the real facts
sincerely and resolutely, They be?
ll? \c in t he pou ? i oft he spit H. lit I In
goodness which Is at tin heart oi
t Minus in the triumph which Is In
ittoi ?? foi i he g''? 1*1 '"' ideals of
tin- race. Ilul this faith onlj loo of?
ten leads to an optimism which is
sadly and fatallj .it variance with
actual results it is the realist and
not the idealist who is generally Justi
iied by events. We forget thai the
human spirit, the spirit of goodness
and truth in the world, is still only an
infant crying in the night, and that
I the struggle with darkness is as yet
mostly an unequal struggle.
Paris proved this terrible truth
j one*, more. It was not Wilson who
failed there, but humanity itself. It
was n<>t the statesmen that failed, so
nun h as the spirit of the peoples be?
hind them. The hope, the aspiration
'or a new world order of peace and
right and justice?-however deeply
ind universally felt?was still only
feeble and ineffective in comparison
with the dominant national passions
which found their express-ion In the
pence treaty. Even If Wilson had
been one of the great demi-gods of
the human race, he could not have
saved the peace. Knowing thy peace
conference as I knew it from within.
I feel convinced in my own mind that
not the greatest man born of woman
in the history of the race would have
saved that situation. The t;.vat hope
was not the heralding of the coming
dawn, as the peoples thought, but
only a dim intimation of some far off
event towards which we shall yet
have to make many a long weary
march. Sincerely as we believed in
the moral Ideals for which we had
fought, the temptation at Paris of a
arge booty to be divided proved too
great. And In the end not only the
leaders but the peoples preferred a
bit of booty here, a strategic frontier
liiere, a coal Held or an oil well, an
addition to their population or their
resources?to all the faint allure?
ments of the ideal. As 1 said at the
time, the real peace was still to come,
and it could only come from a new
spirit In the peoples themselvea
What was really saved at Paris
was the child?the covenant of the
League of Nations. The political
realists who had their eye on the loot
were prepared*?however reluctantly
?to throw that Innocent little top to
President Wilson and his feliOW ideal?
ists. After all. there was not much
harm In it. it threatened no present
national interest, and it gave great
pleasure to a number of good unprac?
tical people in most countries. Above
all, President Wilson had to be con?
ciliated, and this was the last and the
greatest of the fourteen points on
which he had set his heart and by
which he was determined to stand or
fall. And so he got his way. I Jut it
is a fact that only a man of his great
power ami Influence and dogged de?
termination could have carried the
covenant through that peace confer?
ence. Others bail seen with him the
great vision. Others had perhaps giv?
en more thought to the elaboration ?I
the great plan. But his was the pow?
er and the will that carried it
through. The covenant is Wilson'i
souvenir to the future of pie world,
No one will ever deny him that hon?
or.
The honor I* very great, indeed, foi
the co\. nant Is one of the great cre?
ative documents Ol human history.
'Pin peace treaty will fade into on r
eiinl oblivion, and its provisions evlll
be gradually obliterated by the great
human tides sweeping over the world.
Pill tin covenant will stand as BUM
;,s fate. Korty-two nations gathered
round it at the lirsl meeting of ih?
Hea?u? at (leneva. And the day If
J not far off w In n all the ft * e peoples
i Hi i be world will gather round it. It
must succeed, because I here is m
other w ly for the future of civilisa?
tion, h does m?t realise the great
hopes born of the war. but it pro?
vides Ihe only method and Instru
i , .,! h> which In the course of time
those hope's can be realised, Speak?
ing as one who has some right to
-peak on the fundamental concep?
tions, objects, and methods of the
covenant, 1 fed auri thai m,og{ of
the present criticism Is based on
misunderstandings. These misunder?
standings will clear away, one by
one the peoples still outside the cov?
enant will fall in behind thi^ ban?
ner, under which the human race is
going to march forward to triumphs
of peaceful oiganization and achieve?
ment undreamt of by us children of
an unhappier era. And the leader
who, in spite of apparent failure, suc
ceeded In inscribing his name on that
bann? )- has achieved the most en?
viable and enduring immortality.
Americans of the future will yet
proudly and gratefully rank him with
Washington and Lincoln* and MM
ame will have a more universal sig?
nificance than theirs. .
District Sunday School (Xmferenee
Meet in Manning.
What promises to be one of tl
best Sunday school gatherings evi
held in tin- Sumter district* ia the Dl
trict Sunday school conference to
held In Manning, May 17th and 11
Already plans have been made u
ing toward a most effective prog!
and efforts will be made to
the attendance of a large numtx
representative workers within
district,
A program committee ha? bei
pointed, which is composed of
M. McHeod, presiding elder;
Charlton DuRant, district pr?
and Miss Jessie Curtis, distri
inentar> superintendent. Mis
mie J. Chandler, of Sumter,
man of the publicity committ?
The conference will be held
the direction of the District
school officers and the field
of the Conference Sunday
board. Following are the disti
ticers. Including presidents
sub-districts: Hon. Charlton
Manning; Rev. 1>. M. McLeod.
Sumter; Miss Mabel stuckey,
Vtlle; Miss Jessie Curtis,
Miss Mamie j. Chandler, Surafl
.i. E. Rowe./Summerton; Mrs!
Onsrud, Elliott; Mr. A. L. LucT
ning; Mr. Joseph Sprott, Mi
Mr. S. N. Welch, Elliott; Mr.
Bowel 1, Camden; Hr. F. m.
Camden; Prof. W. 8. Hogan,
! land.
The field workers of the 1
ence Sunday school board ar
lows: Rev. J. Emerson Fo
eral secretary; Miss Pauline
elementary superintendent; f
fSlisabeth Brailsferd, office at
Tiic headquarters of the eonj
board a. e in Orangsburg.
All pastors. Sunday school
Intendents, and at least twi
representatlvee from every (
the district are expected to
lent at the conference in
Tin number of pastors is
three and the number of
is sixty.
A trav< ling man passing
the country four miles from
on Plowden Mill road says
i: r liradle) and h. f. capi
ihe best prepared farms tht
Sumter ? ounty. All tl
broke up well and harroi
ditches cleaned off. and
plant their crop.
Baltimore, March 3.?PI
elect Harding announced thej
of James J Davis, of Pitti
secretary of labor and
('hl ist ia n. J r . as secret!
president.
I id ia un polis. Marohi
coal op. raters indicte^jj
shsn
law by conspirinsj
l etallers to incresJ?
oday surenden
Marshal Storej