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and Saturday PTBXIShSg COMPANY Terms: ?U? par aim tun?in advance. _ Advertisements. One "Square first insertion ..$1.00 tvery subsequent Insertion.50 Contracts for three months, or longer will be made at reduced rates. All communications which sub ' teure private interests will be charged tor as advertisements. Obituaries and tributes of respect ?rill be charged for. The Sumter Watchman was found W In 1S5? and the Trur Southron in 1X68.* The Watchman and Southron ^ dow has ihe combined circulation and Influence of both of the old papers, and is -marifestly the best advertising medium in Sumter. OUT of russia. i The "unofficial peace conference" sitting at London lately is said to have decided to pull out of Russia and leave that, country to its own fate. To^ this decision the. big majority of Americans will doubtless say "Amen!" American troops have not played a ve$ybig 'part in Russia, either in latent'toi performance. They were sent at ike" outset of the Bolshevist revolution to keep American supplies, intended for use-against the Germans, from failing into German hands. The troops performed that duty pretty satisfactorily in eastern Siberia and around Archangel, - and defem A rtheroselves when attacked. Their ac tual .military accomplishment, how ever, [; was little more than nibbling at the edges _ of Bolshevism. They were" not strong enough to take the offensive in-either Burope or Asia, and ihere was little demand at home for ?iCh -an offensive. / .The .two expeditions have been much criticised, and there will be I general rejoicing' at the adoption of j atf allied policy that frees the United States' of any further obligation of this thankless nature. >j?HE ITALIAN SCPERMAX. I^Annunzio seems to ,have "put iti over" at Fiume, thereby proving once; more* how highly Italy regards artis-; tic genius. Any other man. .might haye itailed in such a harebrained ex ploit. Any other country -would[??-? al most . certainly nave arrested' the ar rogant 'meddler and shot or Imprison ed 'bSm'for mutiny. But/D?Annunzio, having-successfully defied the Italian government and. complicated past Re demption the international' settlement | ef the Flume affair,- is allowed to have j hid way. A'ccording to, a-recent dis-i patch from Rome, regular troops are! to enter .l^ume. and take over the city j oiy behalf of the Italian government, j relieving Poet-Aviator-General and j followers, and agreeing that! Flume is to go to Italy, i 4Ours is the glory!" sings D'An nunzio. His mutinous troops are to return to their old postsx "and be re- j ceived as heroes, with the retention of j all their honors and rank," and very! ' likely with new honors and rank' added.. : Such is Italy, the emotional, with Its'grand-opera idea of war, govern ment and diplomacy, and its inability | to resist anything, good dr bad, that \ is done with a grand flourish. D'An- j nunzio's rebellion was Art. The artist is not through, either. Having won this triumph, he finds no attraction in "the beautiful, quiet grave"..he had picked out to be bur ied in, just outside of Fiume. He will -fare forth on his Pegasus to new ad ventures. He will conquer new worlds. Or at least, he will conquer the same old world in a new^ way. He has, it all figured out. * " As soon as the Fiume episode is concluded, D'Annunzio will proceed to fly* around the earth in his trusty air plane. He expects to start before the winter.is over, flying east, across Asia; to Tokio, and thence across the broad Pacific - and the United States of America, and so home again. Americans will be'glad to see him. even-if he scatters his own poems broadcast from the sky as he did in war-time, over Vienna. Let him crank up pegasus and hop off. AMERICANS THE BEST FARMERS. Some people have been surprised by the request of a district in Armenia, that representative American farmers be sent there to fach the natives American methods of agriculture by operating a 1,000 acre tract offered for. that purpose. There is an im pression among people who have not followed rural developments in this country that America herself needs instruction in farming. Americans can still learn some thing about intensive farming from some other countries. But in the sort of arming that has hitherto been the natural, logical thing in the Unit ed States, the cultivation of large areas by few workers, Americans have beaten the world. Secretary Houston recently gave some convincing figures along this line. He showed that, contrary to general belief, the production per acre has been steadily increasing in recent years. Thna for the 10-year period ending in 1918, there was an increase of 25 per cent in the production of wheat per acre over the 10-year pe riod ending in 1S90. A comparison of the same periods for corn shows an increase of 10 per cent, of oats 24 per cent, of potatoes 33 per cent. Even cotton, despite the ravages of the boll weevil, increased. -The aver age yield of all crops per acre was 16 per cent greater for the last decade than for the first I Thus it is evident that the farmers j have not been robbing the soil of its fertility, and that they have improved their working methods. If anyone imagines tho' the aver age European farmer would have got more out of the average American farm, let him consider the additional facts submitted by Secretary Houston. The intensive European farmer, of course, produces more per acre on his little farm than the American on his i big farm. But taking into consid | eration the thing that counts most, j the production per man, the secretary [ finds that the average American j farmer produces 2 1-2 times as much ^es the average Belgian farmer; 2.3 as much as the English farmer, exactly as much as the German and over 16 times as much t*s the Italian. That ought to ?ettie the question.; i CHRISTMAS ASL> THE TREATY. One beneficent effect of the spirit of the Christmas season may be the injection of a little peace and good will into the United States senate, with particular regard to its handling of the peace treaty. The mood in which previous deliber ations on the treaty have been con t ? ? J ducted was certainly out of harmony ! with the spirit prevalent today. Christ mas throws a soft illumination over controversies, blurring their sharp outlines and impelling men to mutual understanding and sympathy. It makes the desire for peace more im pelling than ever, and moves states men, as well as common folk, to seek peace less with their brains and more , with ioeir hearts. Logical dis tinction and i-echnieal differences and points of partisan vantage seem of less value. Good-will demands its proper, paramount place in public af fairs as in private affairs. ; Something of this influence has been .observed at Washington in the iast week or two. There is an evident tendency.on the part of the quarrelling senators to get together on the peace treaty, and- adopt a sensible compro mise. There is more of a disposition to see that if may be possible to set up .proper safeguards for America and yet -preserve the effectiveness of the League of Nations, and that a proper regard for American rights is not in consistent with fair and friendly treatment of the powers by whose side we fought the war. The senate will very likely be ready, after the holidays, to agree on a set of reservations. And .f the senate agrees, it may be expected that the president will agree. Clemenceau on the German Frontier Kehl, Germany, Nov. 17.?When Premier Clemenceau visited Kehl the other day he walked rapidly to the end of the great bridge which crosses the Rhine to Strasburg, -winked gaily at the gallic cock that replaces the Prussian eagle on the top of the bridge and then turned to face a battery of photographers and moving picture men. "Go ahead, snap away but don't for get that you must include that old ; bird up there in the picture," he said tot he camera men. Leaning over the railing he noticed a big pile of coal on the pier below and pointed it out to M. Claveille, the Minister of Railways, saying to him: "Don't - let me hear another com plaint from the Parisians about the lack of coal." M. Claveille's reply could not be heard but evidently it was not satis factory for, adressing the newspaper jmen, the Premier shouted: "Boys, send a telegram to your newspapers in Paris something like this: 'Plenty of coal in Kehl but Claveille will not transport it.' " Returning to the waiting automo biles through the muddy main street lined with low houses from behind the curtained windows of which faces peered curiously, Clemenceau caught sight of three frock coated men, standing top hats in hand in the driv ing rain: "Who are these people? asked Premier Clemenceau. He was informed that they were the German mayor of the city and his two aides. They advanced toward him and the i Premier stopped. The German may j or, after excusing himself for- his I faulty French said: "I hope you hav3 j had an enjoyable stay and will have a j pleasant journey." Noting that they j were still uncovered, Clemenceau said, j somewhat gruffly, "put on your hats." Then he hesitated for a moment, look ed about him. finally beckoned to The three Germans to come to him, and replied with punctilious but dry po j liteness: "I thank you for your good wishes." I Then he made as if to go out im pulsively as if overcoming a strong j resolution, he extended his hand which ' the three Germans took and bowing deeply they withdrew. Alford-Wiggins. Mr. Stinson Wiggins of Lake View, S. C, and Miss Sophie Alford of Dil lon. S. C, were married at the Pres : byterian manse today at 3 o'clock. ! TIRES LEFT IN WEATHER Big Loss Suffered By Army i * Overseas Washington, Dec. 18.?Automo bile tires worth more than $35,000, ? 000 thrown in a pile mnay feet deep ; and covering more than an acre of ground were ruined through exposure ; to the weather at the motor transport I corps base at Verneuile, France, Capt. j Robert Clendening, an oflicer at the camp, today told house committee in vestigating war department expendi ; turcs during the war. j No coverings of any kind were i placed over the tires for more than I ten months, Captain Clendening de : clared. I Approximately 3,500 motorcycles, I after being placed in perfect repair ! for use by the American expeditionat y j forces, were parked at the same camn jand allowed to stand exposed to the I weather for months until they became : useless piles of junk, other witnesses told the committee, j Automobiles, including passenger cars of various kinds and hundreds of : trucks, were thrown into piles along the railroad tracks until the "junk" piles covered acres, Earl Trombley of Detroit, formerly a sergeant in the tank corps, asserted. The former ser i geant expressed the belief that no j inspection was made of the cars be jfore they were discarded and that many of them could have been placed jin perfect repair for less than $50. EMBARGO ON ARMS NOW No More War Munitions for Mexico j Washington. Dec. 24.?The revoca i tion, effective January 1 of all licenses issued by the war trade board prior to last September 30th for the expor tation of arms and munitions of war to Mexico was announced today by the State department. Hawaii Prospering. Washington, Dec. 9.?Continued prosperity in Hawaii was noted in the j annual report today of Governor C. J. j McCarthy. Exports of all kinds, in cluding sugar and other foodstuffs, were valued at $83,343,048, while im | ports were $10,922,921, a decrease of $955,407 compared with the year be j fore. Enforcement of the prohibition act has resulted in a marked decrease in crime, Governor McCarthy said, but "there is a large quantity of illicit li quor manufactured, and the Federal authorities are endeavoring to stamp out this traffic." Utilization of stills j made of galvanized iron has poisoned j the liquor in some eases, the report stated. "Jail sentences instead of mon j ey fines were suggestci as a check on the traffic. i Severn\-nine coroorations, including! mercantile, agriculture, banking and! \ savings and loan concerns were in-1 corporated during the year. Twenty- j j sis banks are in operation in the is lands. Their total deposits are $35. I 349,134; j Additional appropriations to im j prove the harbors are needed, the i report said, so as to provide adequate j facilites for the increasing number of ! trans-Pacific liners stopping at the is lands. Concrete piers, varying from 600 to 950 feet long are under con struction by the United States Engi neer Service and the necessary shops for making repairs to vessels also; have been provided. Australia and New Zealand. Washington, Dec. 22.?The pro posal made by Viscount Jellicoe that a powerful Far Eastern fleet be cre ated, toward which Australia would be expected to contribute 20 per cent and New Zealand five per cent, again calls attention to the growing im portance of a far away corner of the world.v "Usually, in our mental geography, Australia and New Zealand are con veniently grouped, yet one of the first surprises awaiting the tourist from the Northern Hempisphere is to find that Australia and New Zealand may not be regarded as two islands of like appearance, differing mainly in size; near neighbors which may be treated as a unit," says a communica tion to the National Geographic So ciety from Herbert E. Gregory. "New Zealand is nearly twice as far from Australia as Bermuda is from New York, and is not only east but also couth. "Four days' travel across a chilly sea is required for the traverse from Wellington to Sydney, and after ex changing chill midsummer climate of the New Zealand Lake region for the heat of Adelaide, one readily accepts] the evidence of the map that the southern coast of the Australian main land has the latitude of central New Jersey, while the southernmost of] the three islands which comprise the Dominion of New Zealand occupies the position of southern Newfound- j land. "In climate and vegetation the; two dominions are as unlike as Nor way and South Carolina. New Zea land is a land of mountains, gorges, rivers, and fiords. The higher peaks j of the South Island are eternally I snow-capped and the glaciers of its : southern Alps rival those of Switzer land. The surrounding seas are too 'cold for corals. Among the moun I tains of the North Island volcanic j fires are still active and the geysers 'and hot springs arc little less impres J sive than those of the Yellowstone 'Park. The aboriginal inhabitants of I New Zealand, at the time of their I discovery by Captain Cook, were the most advanced of all the South Pa cific races, while the aborigines of Australia are the lowest in intelli gence of all human beings. "Australia is in no sense inferior to New Zealand in geographic interest, but lofty peaks, profound canyons, and active volcanoes are lacking; its rivers are unim^' ssivc and its per manent lakes small and few in num ber; it is a continent composed of plains interrvr.**-.! . by ndg< s and mountain knobs." tEFmemor ial building t Surater County Still Making Col lections for This Fund _ i The Committee is still actively en gaged in securing subscriptions for the Memorial Building, which the leg islature has decreed shall be erected in the capital of the State, in per petual recognition of the heroism of her devoted sons. Throughout the State, the dieffrent counties are adopting various meth ods for commemorating their own sons. Some of these counties will have monuments, some hospitals, and others memorial parks. But the leg islature, in its wisdom, has determin ed that there shall be also a State Memorial in which every county in the State may have an equal part. This building is not intended to em bellish Columbia, or to add one whit to the equipment of the University of South Carolina. Columbia has the advantage, if it be an advantage, of being the capital of the State; all State buildings of every nature, there fore must, of necessity, be erected there. Instead of being of direct benefit to the University of South Carolina, the University is permitting this building to be placed upon State property, thus saving the commission the amount that would otherwise have to be expended for the purchase of a lot?at least fifty thousand dollars. Whatever thmother counties of the State may do, Sumter county is go ing to be broad enough and big enough to contribute her share to a Memorial Building for our sons, wher ever that building may be placed. The State Memorial Commission has just issued a statement in which the fol lowing facts are emphasized: 1. That the form of memorial is mandatory as set out in the joint res olution and that the non-utilitarian idea is the expression of the legisla ture. 2. That vnder the present plan, however, the building will be not en tirely of a non-utilitarian character, as it will contain a large auditorium in which the veterans of this and other wars can meet and other meet ings of an historical, patriotic, or ed ucational nature may be held. 3. That the memorial is in no sense a Columbia project; it is State wide in its application. Nor will it be for the benefit of the University of South Carolina, for the commission desires it to be placed under the su pervision of the State Historical Com mission. The University of South Carolina has generously agreed to.do nate a site on Main Street in Colum bia, in the rear of the capital build ing, where the building would be seen by practically every visitor to Colum bia," and this land is worth thousands of dollars. The structure will be a substantial work of art and will stand as a memorial for all time". 4. Tn the building there will provided ah alcove for each county: where r? bronze or other suitable tablets recording and perpetuating the supreme sacrifice made by its while sons and daughters in World War will be placed. ? 5. The structure will contain a large auditorium, as outlined in the foregoing, and a hall of records for the preservation of documents and historical data appertaining tc the persons and organizations from South Carolina who participated in the World War. 6. Unless South Carolina has some kind of repository, the imperishable history of this State in the smuggle for Democracy against Autocracy will be imperfectly preserved, and, in af ter years, the record will be incom plete like that of the War Between the \ States. children need wholesome food At least one-fifth of all the school children in the United States are un der-nourished today, it has been esti mated. This condition is not the re sult, as in many lands, of lack of food, but comes about because in many cases American mothers are not giving their children the right I kinds of food. The right kind is not f necessarily more expensive than the wrong kind and oftentimes costs less. An undernourished child is physical ly, mentally, and sometimes morally below par and shows it in appear ance, school work, and conduct. In order to arouse the attention of parents to the necessity of giving a child proper food, at many fairs home demonstration agents, working under the United States Department of Ag riculture and the State agricultural colleges, have measured and weigh ed the children brought to them at their booths At the Windsor Fair in Connecticut 177 boys and girls were weighed and measured by the home demonstration agent. The ma jority were from 8 to 12 years of age. Of the 85 boys who wcrr weighed, 45 were under weight. Of the 92 girls, 55 were underweight. Arrangements have been made with the home economics comittec of the town to follow up the cases where there were marked signs of malnu trition. The children themselves were much interested and wore keen aboul learning how to gain weight jind health. Bulletins on child feeding and suggestions as to change of diet were received with appreciation. Talks on proper diet for a child are sometimes given to the children in school rooms. In Pottawatamie County, Iowa, the home demonstra tion aprent in September talked *o 029 children in schools on the value of milk, cereals, and vegetables ir. their diet. When possible a second weighing i^ made several weeks after the first talk, when the children have !r;?l time to obtain result*? from changinc their diet. The improvement i: marked in those who have Collowc i instructions. i^wmii i m 'iM?:xT?>.'in?HMnMwya,???CT'>w.*^.aw*W FOH S W.V.?;ne ? ?' the best regis tered Guernsey bulls of various ages. From n prize winning family. C M. Poykin. MaycsviUc. ?. C Fi. F. D No! 3. j Mongolia. Which C hina Will Control ... Again. Washington. Dec. 9.?Dispatches stating that China again will control Mongolia prompted the ?s..tional Geo graphic Society to issue the following bulletin: "Mongolia is one of the most in teresting countries in the world today and also one of the most primitive," says the ^bulletin, which is based on a communication to The Society from Ethan C. LeMunyon. "The inhabitants in many ways re semble our own North American In dians. They have a written language, are blindly devoted to the Buddhist re ligion, and are very fanatical. The lamas, or Buddhist monks, are the curse cf Mongolia and are parasites living on the religious credulity of their lay brethren. Every third man in Mongolia is a Lama. "The highlands of Mongolia vary ' in altitude from 3,000 to 5,500 feet. There are many mountain ranges, and in very few places is the country lev | el for any considerable distance. The I word Gobi means a 'barren or desolate ; plain.' Vegetation is absent on the Gobi desert, with the exception of a j few grasses, so that argol (or dried camel dung) is the only fuel used. It is collected and stored in large quan tities for use during the winter. . | "Water is scarce, a few wells along the caravan route furnishing the en tire supply. During the winter and , spring the camel is the only animal I that can cross the desert and subsist ; on the d-ried-up grasses. At this sea son of the year blocks of ice are car i ried for the water supply, and at oth ! er seasons two large tubs are carried ? on each camel, used for this purpose, one trb on each side of the camel. "The medium of exchange is the Chinese tael (an ounce of silver.) j Small squares or cubes of" pressed [ silk are also used, but brick tea will [pass current ror barter in any part o1* : Mongolia. Tobacco is also used for J this purpose. The trade is in the i hands of the Chinese, with the ex ception of the Russian traders in Urga. There is a Russian and also a j Chinese postoHice in Urga. Both I maintain a pony express route across I the Gobi; the time is 7 days. ".Mongols look on the dead in a dif ferent light from the Chinese, and their dead are taken just outside the town and thrown down. The dogs, sometimes those from their own tent and also others, soon make short work of the bodies; in a couple of hours nothing is left. The: natives believe* that the quicker this happens, the better chance the spirit of the depart ed has in reaching Paradise^ ''The Mongol is a great meat eater, living in some cases entirely on mut-, ton. In comparing other foods, he will ask if they are as good as mut ton. It is not uncommon for a Mon gol to consume 10 pounds of this meat at one sitting. He puts mutton fat in his tea, which is prepared with milk from the brick tea (poorest grade pressed in bricks), and of this he drinks enormous quantities; 30 cups per day is not an uncommon, amount for an adult. There are no . regular hours for eating; the native eats when opportunity offers. Game is not common near Urga, but many varieties are found in the mountains, though hunting on Bogda Ol (Bud dha's Mountain) is prohibited. "Urga was formerly the residence of a Chinese lieutenant governor, or . 'amban,' as he was called, the repre sentative of the Chinese government. Since Mongolia declared herself inder pendent of China, early in 1912, there has been no amban, the former one; having fled, reasoning that hevwas not " needed. "There are few regular streets - in Urga, with the exception of the main thoroughfare, along which are lines of prayer-wheels, which are sheltered by small shanties or sheds. These are turned by hand by the people who wish to pray. Prayer flags float over all tents and temples and smaller prayer wheels turn in the wind, while gilt prayer-wheels swing from- the roofs of the temples," ! NITTO GOING j TO PARIS ! Italian Premier Going After Set i "*"? -.' '. tlement of Fiume Question I Rome, Dec. 24.;-?Premier Nitto in | formed the council of ministers ycs j terday that he would leave for Par ; is Thursday and would return only i after having obtained a definite set ! tlement of the Piumc" and Adriatic questions. : Mannfactarers of High Grade Fertilizers ; Fer Ail Crops I The formula we use has proved successful in Boll * Weevil section of South Georgia. ? Our prices are right, come to see us and let us ? supply your wants. ? Buy early and avoid the possible delays in ship ? ments. I J. H. GUTHRIE J. C. PATE I Gen. Manager, Sec. and Treas. E OFFICE OVER DeLORME'S PHARMACY I Phone 351 Room 5 \ Plant is Located in Old Cotton Mill at Rowland Buggy Factory FERTILIZERS For over a quarter of a century the firm of Harby and company (and their Successors) HARBY AND COM PANY, INCORPORATED, have been distributing Ferti lizers to the. Planters-of South Carolina. The brands of i goods we distribute are not only standard, but most of the formulas are OUR OWN, and manufactured ES PECIALLY FOR OUR TRADE. All lands do not require the same materials. They dif fer as well as individuals. We can supply you with ANY ANALYSIS, or ANY FORMULA wanted, and we stand squarely behind the Manufacturer's guarantee. In other words, you have the Manufacturer's guarantee, as well ?s the guarantee of HARBY AND CO., INC., on every ton of goods you buy from us.. Yr get SERVICE, QUALITY and FAIR PRICES wheL you buy from us. All we ask is that you SEE US before you place your order. Our specialty is carload shipments. HARBY & CO., INCORPORATED *U>. S West Liberty Street, S?MTER, S. C. IMPORTERS, DEALERS AND DISTRIBUTORS, OF ALL FERTILIZER MATERIALS A' COMPLETE FERTILIZERS. ANY ANALYSES. II. .5. Harby, President A. C. Phelpe. V. Pres. & Mgr. ?. tt, ffall. Soety. & Treas. .). ,). Srcanan, Asst. Mgr. W. P. Rivers, Asst, Mgr. Fertilizer Ocpt. Cotton Dept.