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i ^ (i OUitcljimm anil soutjjion. I*iibltshed We<lncsdny and Saturday ?BY? OST KEN BLBMSlUNO COMPANY SL'MTEJt, S. C. Terms: f 1.50 per annum?in advance. Advertisements. One Square first insertion .. ..$1.00 Every subsequent insertion.60 Contracts for three months, cr longer will be mads at reduced rates. All communications which sub? serve private Interests will be charged for as advertisements. Obituaries and tributes of respect will be charged fer. The Sumter Watchman was found w^. in 1860 and the True Southron in :vi?> The Watchman and Southron now has the combined circulation and influence of both of the old papers, and is manifestly the best advertising med. urn in 8umter._ Tre open lettor of Mr. D. R. Coker, Chairman of the State Council of Do fcm?j, In reference to the urgent and Immediate necessity of Increas? ing teachers' salurles, in order that the services of competent teachers may be retained in our schools, is of local as well as general interest. There is such great demand for edu? cated workers in many lines of bus? iness that wages have been advanced to unheard of figures and It Is but natural that many thousand teach? ers will leave the school room to en? ter business in order to increase their earnings. If a man or woman can Increase his or her earning ca? pacity fifty to one hundred per eent. r.y change of occupation the com? mon sense thing to do is to make the change?and school teachers will not continue to work for small pay when high salaries can easily be obtained la other lines of work for the asking. The problem is clearly stated by Mr. Coker and the remedy suggested Is the one that flrst presents itself to one's mind. viz. Increase the teach ? i er's salaries and keep them In the schools where they are rendering the best service to the country of which they are capable, and a service that the country needs most at this time. The problem is primarily up to the taxpayers, but any action to be Im? mediately resultful must come from the officials in charge of the schools? the trustees and school superintend? ents. If other communities are at all like Sumter the matter can be easily settled Heretofore all that has been necessary to obtain an increased fh~ ?<>ni.' for the city schools has been for tio City Board of Education to tell the people of the city exactly what schools need, in a plain, busi? ness-like statement, and funds have " been forthcoming. The situation to? day h no different, essentially, from when it was found that additional school buildings were urgently need? ed. The schools need more money to guarantee the retention of an ef? ficient force of teachers, and to ob? tain this money the people of the city must pay more taxes or provide the money in some other way. That Is all there Is to It. It Is not a com? plex problem at all. It Is up to Su? perintendent Edmunds and the school board to tell the public what is neces? sary and to formulate a plan to ob? tain t. The suggestions and the plans must come from those who have been placed in charge of the s? rue I t. and not from the public, for the i nolle Is not informed and can? not suggest wisely or advisedly. It seems that the schools must have more money If tbey are to be kept open next year and up to the stand? ard. ,?nd It Is the official responsibil? ity of the school bourd and Superin ISJSdent to tell the ruldlc how much more is needed und to formulate a plan t<> ott.m .HI triiit In essential. _______ Fi'it i.or tins run none. tamp Seller Authorities Mako Im portnnt Announcement. < .imp Be vier, Greenville, April 24.? No furloughs whatsoever for agricul .' i p n poses will be granted anyone in the Thirtieth Division. MaJ. Francis M Mlnkle. dlvislor adjutant, nn noun ? d tod.iy. Hundreds of appli < !ttg*gl for agricultural furloughs I been re, . |\ . .|. but It is hoped that this annouiM ? mm nt will stop fur? ther implications. Honor l(o|| of Statehurg School. First tirade?Frances Richardson. Second Hrade?(iillesple Boyd. Julia It Simons. Hope Williams. Third (inuh?Elizabeth Kichard? son. Koui rb i;i |. lohn Frank Wil? liams. Fifth fluide Charles Boyd. Sixth Hrade Janus Brown. Wil? liam Brown. Seventh tirade?Marion Boyd. Eighth < irade -Marion Boyd. Washington. April HI. ?The casual t' list today contained forty-three itsnif* divided as follows Killed in action. I] died of wounds, :{. died ol dlvriise. II; wounded severely. !<?, wounded slightly. I ?) Lieut. Kenville Wheat was among those sllghtl) wounded MANY MOKK MFMBF.RS FOR THE TIP TOP (TA B. The People of Hcnihcrt, und the Young LudiCK of the Magneto Works Get in the War Savings Game? Another Big Buyer. Add to Big Buyers: D. V. Keels, Uembert.$110.00 One more. It looks good. Not a town man either, but from near the end of the county. Way off on the road to Camp Jackson his example is set; his money has gone to the gov? ernment and will help to buy bread and guns and bullets for the boys that are battling the Huns. Do you think there are not more in the country who has bought them in quantity? Not a bit of it. They are there. The (rouble is they are bashful. As soon as they overcome their bashfulnesa and tell their names they will be lined up in type. Let it be known what you have bought. Where you haye lead others will follow. * * * Tuesday was a banner day for the Tip Top Club; it received many members, and they are right spirited members too. In the afternoon tht peoples of Hembert met and elected a War Savings Committee consisting of Mr. J. A. Reames, chairman and Misses Elizabeth Reames, Mrs. S. W Voung, Mrs. J. L. Olllis, Mrs. T. J Crown. Miss Lula G?lls, and Mitt Jackson. Moreover they decided right there and then to form two War Sav? ing Societies, and a number of mem? bers were signed up right on the spot The two societies will be completed and organized formally at an carl: date. F. W. Wilson and J. N. Boykin am other colored people were present and these two agreed to form com rnittees and War Saving Societle among their people, and they too go right down to work. There is goinf to be more War Savings around Rem bert in a short while than you car. shake a stick at. Watch it grow. A moving spirit in the meeting, in fact tie organizer of it was Mrs Mary O. Rembert, postmistress. If al the postmasters were as interested gl is Mrs Rembert Sumter would uulckly be at the very Tip Top. Mr. Men F. Myers president am' Miss Ida Sanders secretary of the llagood War Savings Society wen. rresent at the Rembert meeting They gave as their experience tha whereas before the meeting the Ha good post office had sold hardly an: stamps at all, that after their organ Ization pad gotten under sail the post office had sold out, and had sent fo more stamps. _ gee Tuesday night was when the Mag neto young ladies decided to organlz. which they did by electing Mrs. Leb by president and Mrs. Porter secre? tary. The organization will bt pushed right along, and will be per fected In a day or two. "We are go lng to surprise you" said Mrs. Lebby so any society that does not want t be passed In per capita purchases hat better begin humping itself rig!', away. * g g West End No. 17 W. S. S. with 1 memhe.'s has bought to the extent 0 $59.00. As this society has not been organized a month, if they continm tc buy at the same rate they wil pass the per capita quota asked by th government for 1918, $20.00. HUMTRR COTTON MARKKA P n mow MAN. Cotton Buyer. Corrected dally at 12 o'clock Norn Oood Middling 29. Strict Middling II ;i-4. Middling 28 1-2. Strict Low Middling 27 .??-4. NFAV YORK COTTON MARK FT. Yes'dy Open High Low Close Clem May . 27.25 17.60 10.00 If.00 17.00 July . .17,08 17.14 10.00 26.00 17.0 oct . . 10.40 10^47 16.68 16.68 M.6 Oer . , 8g,l8 16*11 25.3;, 10.81 tpota, 17.81 ? London. April 215.?The Britten at taeftl last night north of Albert wa carried out on a front of one thou aand yards, on which the advance wa made tO a depth Of tWO hundred and. fifty yards. lleutcr's correspondent at headquarters reports. Wichita Falls, April 24.?Second Lieut. Stephen R. Warner, of Maple, wood, New .Jersey, dying Instruetor. and Cadet I'M win O. Cryer, of Alle gheny County. Pennsylvania, wer? killed at Oalltiehl this morning when their plane suddenly burst into games and fell, PL\N To CONTROL LABOR, Washington, April IS, establish? ment of a "Director General of L< bor." consolidating all federal labor agencies, and with power to control government employoa and those work mg on government contracts is being worked out by the preelrent, it wa I <\> i imlny. GERMAN BASES ATTACKED. NAVAL FORCES MAKi KAI I) ON OSTEND AND ZUEKRUUGE. Five Old Cruisers Sunk to Block the Channel?Haid Was Reasonably Successful According to Admiralty Reports. London, April 23.?British naval forces today raided German subma? rine bnaet at Ostend and Zeebrugge the admiralty announces. Five old cruisers, which had been filled with concrete for. use in blocking the channels, were run aground, blown up and abandoned by their crews. The admiralty reports that according to incomplete information the rah. met with a reasonable measure ol success. A Prize Winning Essay. Editor Sumter Item. One of your Sumter County girls. Hiss Elisabeth Dabbs, has won a prize in the contest we are running In our Household Chemistry Classes. This is a splendid article and I know the people of Sumter County will be proud that Miss Dabbs wrote it. J feel that you would be glad to pub? lish it In your paper and am sending it for that purpose. Please send me a copy of your paper containing the essay, also the original essay for Miss Dabbs. Sincerely yours, Roy Z. Thomas, Head Household Chemical Depart i ment. Soap and Toilet Articles . and Tlieir Use in The Home. The purpose of this articld* Is not to go fully into the chemistry involved in soap and soap-making for that is a big subject that would little interest those who have never taken up the study of chemistry, but to include the chemistry of it only . so far as this chemistry is closely related to the common things of life. Soap Is one ,i of the most important of all house? hold articles, and yet most' people are Ignorant of the properties of various ?soaps and consequently they are often misused. \V6 waste time, energy, money by the misuse of s^ap. Before ,ve take up the kinds of different soaps and misuse of certain soaps It will be best to go briefly Into the manufac? ture of soap and the common soap adulterations. Manufacture of Soap. . Soap is made by the chemical re? action^ between an oil or iy fat and an 1 Alkali. Caustic soda is the'alkali com? monly used, while the oil may be olive, palm or cocoa nut oils for the fln?r grades of soap and animal fats and oils for the cheaper grade of soaps. The alkali is diluted to a suitable hulk with water and is added to the fat in the proportion about 1.7. There are two classes of waier so? luble soaps, the hand or soda soaps ind the soft or potash soaps. Hard soaps may be made by the hot pro? fess or the "cold process." For com? mercial purposes the "hot process" Is usually used. The alkali and the fat ire boiled together until the mixture is smooth. This Is known as soponl Ueation (soap making). The product Is soap and glycerol. When it i smooth salt is added and as soap i nsoluble in salt water it rises to Uu op. The brine at the bottom is drawn off. This contains glycerol, which Is refined and made; into glycerin. Water added tp the soap, it is boiled, salt d and separated as before, and th>vi \\r out into moulds to set thorough'y, )i If other things are to be added it Is run Into a mixing machine and j from there it is run into the mould It takes forty-eight hours for coni-j plete separation to take place, I that is for all of the fat and alkali to be changed Into soap. The kettles uro et course in use all of the lime (ind another "butch" of soap cannot ( bti begun until this one is run out into the moulds. Some manufacturers run Mi" soap out into the moulds before complete s?ponlflcation has taken place In order that they may have the kettles to make more soap to make more money. Consequently the soap may contain unsaponilied fat or "free alkali" or maybe both. Soap made by the "cold process" must have very accurate proportions! of oil and alkali. The Ingredients are combined null allowed to stan 1 several days, until complete s?ponlfl? cation has taken place. Soaps made by this method contain the glycerol, but this is not objectionable as glycerol has healing properties. Special Soaps. The best kinds of transparent soap* are made by dissolving the ?oap in al? (?hol. getting rid of the undissoh ? I residue, and then evaporating the al - cohol. Some of the cheaper grad< of transparent soaps contain sugar, which should be classed as an adu'? I tel.Hit ;is it cans*-; the so.ip to WSStl away so rapidly. The model II tnOttled SOBPS " mad*- by Introducing coloring mat? ter Into the soap. This does not I eel the \ a lue of the soap For floating soaps air is beaten Into! 11lie soap mixture before it hardens. This gives a large hulk; but you are not getting as much soap as you may think you are. PerfUmei and colors do not ordi? narily affect soaps; hut sometimes perfumes are added to conceal bad od? ors due to using decomposing fat. Partly for this reason highly per? fumed soaps are undesirable. The great bulk Of scouring soaps consist of certain abrosive materials. Only about 10-20 per cent, is soap. The liner the abrosive the better the quality of scouring soap. Medicated soaps may contain car? bolic acid, tar or oatmeal or some other medical substance. As a rule t is better to buy your medicine and soap separately. Use soap for what it was originally intended for. i. e. its cleaning power. These two-in-one ar? ticles do not always give the results that Ihey are claimed to. Soup Adulterations. Soap adulterations are of two kind^. (1) other detergents (2) fillers. Un? der the first class there are sodium and potassium carbonates, "Water glass," rosin, petroleum products and borax. The last two, petroleum pro? ducts, which include kerosene, wax, naphtha, etc. and borax, have value as detergents and, therefore, should not be classed as adulterants, but the others are. Sodium and potassium carbonates are harsh alkalies that should not 1>C put in any soaps except those for rough cleaning. If more than 5 per cent, of the soap la sodium carbonate, 1 there will be white crustation on top. Therefore, beware of white encrust? ed sohl s. Potassjum carbonate, on the other hand, makes soap seem to have p finer grain, and by its use more water can be held in the soap. There? fore, it seems to be the worst of these two adulterants. "Water glass," like potassium car? bonate makes it possible for water to i be held in the soap without being , teadily detected. This causes the soap to waste away quickly. More ; than a little water glass in soap used for laundry purposes is very bad as the silicate deposited by the water glass wears out the clothes. llosin is often used In laundry < soaps, especially yellow soaps. It I I forms a cheap substitute for fats and Is objectionable if present in more I than small quantities as it often caus- I es yellow stains on the clothes. Killers are cheap. Substances such < as minute marine organisms, fine clay, chalk, etc., used In soaps to give I bulk. They can readily be detected by ? Ihe fact they are insoluble in alcohol., I t'ses and Misuses Of Various Soaps. All alkalies act upon the protein in wo??i and silk, therefore, never wash woolen and silk goods with any hut neutral soaps. Harsh soaps, that is soaps containing- free alkali, art very injurious to these goods. Neither should free alkali sea pa be used to clean varnished articles. The alkali In the soaps will unite with the oil in the varnish and cause it to separate from the wood work. GlaSS windows and line China Should he washed with neutral soap. Harsh soaps will scratch the glass and take the decorations off of the China? Octagon is a very good laundry soap but it should never be used for wash? ing the hands or hair. The hands and hair contain protein and fats that react with alkalies. Alkali is not injurious to iron. Therefore, harsh soaps ami scouring powders suc h as "Old Dutc h Cleans? er" may be; used to cdean stoves. Al? kali soaps and scouring powders will clean aluminum ware, but they will scratch it. Aluminum should be cleaned with a neutral soap or soap and ammonia. The best way to clean silver is to use a neutral soap or place the silver in an aluminum or a tin pan, cover with hot soda water and boil until the silver is bright. The tarnish on the silver will be trans? it rred to the pan. For laundry purposes washing soda is far more efficient than any soap tor softening water. One pound of washing soda will do the work of eighteen or twenty pounds of laundry soap. To save money on the soap propo? sition buy a whole case at a time and I ut it up in the attic to dry out. You will find that it will not waste away nearly so quickly. The following soaps are recom? mended as good toilet soaps: Ivory. Fairy, Palmolive, Woodberry's and Colgatea. For laundry purposes, ex? cept for woolens and silks, Octagon und Naptha soaps are good. Fairy and Ivory are gooVl. neutral soaps tc Itae in launder ing silks and woolens. Toilet Articles. It should he the business of every one to make him or herself as attrac? tive as possible. Hy the wise use oi toilet articles you can, to a large ex? tent, make yourself attractive and beautiful in person. of course health is the foundation id good lookt;; but many healthy peo? ple do not have good complexiom Simply because they do not take care of it. Face creams and lotions ho)\ io kise the tiny pores of the skin open ? % to keep the tiny pores of skin open tion of getting rid of certain impuri ? ties, if the pores are kept open Ml I III good working condition a soft velvety ekln is the natural result. Tko mass, ging motion used in applying lace ie,?ms and lotions helps to make the i usclea of the face strong and the flesh firm and elastic. Face powders are beneficial in pro? tecting the skin from the weather; hut powder should not be applied in large quantities and it should always be entirely removed from the face at night by bathing in order that the pores mi y be open all night to threw of all impurities. Health as well as beauty depends upon strong, clean. beautiful teeth. The i ?Ol Of all tooth troubles is an a.lbui: nous transparent film that co\ff^B era the teeth. In this Mas thou-^es? sands of germs find a home and from here luv scatter to all parts of the body. Boapy substances only harden this aluminous Rim. This albuminous substance taust be digested and pep? sin is the natural digestor of albumin in the stomach. But to digest albu? min pepsin must have the aid of hy? drochloric acid, and this acid is in? jurious to the teeth. It has been found that calcium phosphate will neutralise hydrochloric acid so tfeutf it will not injure the teeth, but at 'the same t'me it does not take away tha powe; of this acid to help pepsin di? gest a mmin. It Was also found that calcium phosphate was a wonderful polish- r of enamel. Therefore, a tooth ? aste hat contains pepsin to digest this a luminous film, acid calciurrt_w-? phosphate to aid in this digestion,w-< >nd es Icium phosphate to polish the teeth, would be an ideal cleanser for the te th. The following have been tested in the laboratory and found to I be good preparations for cleaning the I teeth: Pepsodent, Kolynos and Peb 3cco. Although prfumea have no real value is far as health goes, yet they cultivate our aesthetic sense. A faint, letlcatu perfume we associate with laintiness. culture and refinement. By a wist choice in the selection of our perfumes we can add to the attrac I tiveness of our persons. Perfumes are obtained from fruits and flowers ' y subjecting them to pressure or by destructive distillation with steam. The fj lits and flowers must be at a certain stage of ripeness or the per fume will not be good. For good toilet articles the following companies ire reeommended: Colgate, Jergens, Daggett and RamBdell, Palmer, I*a .clla. a id Hines. JstI STOVER FEED MILLS A Mill that will grind and cut your corn on the cob and in the shuck ? A Mill that pulverize velvet beans, soy beans and soja beans ? We have these Mills in stock and ir stall it will for you on your farm for ===== $195.00 - Carolina Machinery Co. ''Everything in Machinery" Opposite Post Office. Sumter. S. Carolina.