The watchman and southron. (Sumter, S.C.) 1881-1930, April 27, 1918, Image 4
i ^ (i OUitcljimm anil soutjjion.
I*iibltshed We<lncsdny and Saturday
?BY?
OST KEN BLBMSlUNO COMPANY
SL'MTEJt, S. C.
Terms:
f 1.50 per annum?in advance.
Advertisements.
One Square first insertion .. ..$1.00
Every subsequent insertion.60
Contracts for three months, cr
longer will be mads at reduced rates.
All communications which sub?
serve private Interests will be charged
for as advertisements.
Obituaries and tributes of respect
will be charged fer.
The Sumter Watchman was found
w^. in 1860 and the True Southron in
:vi?> The Watchman and Southron
now has the combined circulation and
influence of both of the old papers,
and is manifestly the best advertising
med. urn in 8umter._
Tre open lettor of Mr. D. R. Coker,
Chairman of the State Council of Do
fcm?j, In reference to the urgent
and Immediate necessity of Increas?
ing teachers' salurles, in order that
the services of competent teachers
may be retained in our schools, is of
local as well as general interest.
There is such great demand for edu?
cated workers in many lines of bus?
iness that wages have been advanced
to unheard of figures and It Is but
natural that many thousand teach?
ers will leave the school room to en?
ter business in order to increase
their earnings. If a man or woman
can Increase his or her earning ca?
pacity fifty to one hundred per eent.
r.y change of occupation the com?
mon sense thing to do is to make the
change?and school teachers will not
continue to work for small pay when
high salaries can easily be obtained
la other lines of work for the asking.
The problem is clearly stated by Mr.
Coker and the remedy suggested Is
the one that flrst presents itself to
one's mind. viz. Increase the teach
? i
er's salaries and keep them In the
schools where they are rendering the
best service to the country of which
they are capable, and a service that
the country needs most at this time.
The problem is primarily up to the
taxpayers, but any action to be Im?
mediately resultful must come from
the officials in charge of the schools?
the trustees and school superintend?
ents. If other communities are at all
like Sumter the matter can be easily
settled Heretofore all that has been
necessary to obtain an increased fh~
?<>ni.' for the city schools has been
for tio City Board of Education to
tell the people of the city exactly
what schools need, in a plain, busi?
ness-like statement, and funds have
" been forthcoming. The situation to?
day h no different, essentially, from
when it was found that additional
school buildings were urgently need?
ed. The schools need more money to
guarantee the retention of an ef?
ficient force of teachers, and to ob?
tain this money the people of the
city must pay more taxes or provide
the money in some other way. That
Is all there Is to It. It Is not a com?
plex problem at all. It Is up to Su?
perintendent Edmunds and the school
board to tell the public what is neces?
sary and to formulate a plan to ob?
tain t. The suggestions and the
plans must come from those who
have been placed in charge of the
s? rue I t. and not from the public, for
the i nolle Is not informed and can?
not suggest wisely or advisedly. It
seems that the schools must have
more money If tbey are to be kept
open next year and up to the stand?
ard. ,?nd It Is the official responsibil?
ity of the school bourd and Superin
ISJSdent to tell the ruldlc how much
more is needed und to formulate a
plan t<> ott.m .HI triiit In essential.
_______
Fi'it i.or tins run none.
tamp Seller Authorities Mako Im
portnnt Announcement.
< .imp Be vier, Greenville, April 24.?
No furloughs whatsoever for agricul
.' i p n poses will be granted anyone
in the Thirtieth Division. MaJ. Francis
M Mlnkle. dlvislor adjutant, nn
noun ? d tod.iy. Hundreds of appli
< !ttg*gl for agricultural furloughs
I been re, . |\ . .|. but It is hoped
that this annouiM ? mm nt will stop fur?
ther implications.
Honor l(o|| of Statehurg School.
First tirade?Frances Richardson.
Second Hrade?(iillesple Boyd.
Julia It Simons. Hope Williams.
Third (inuh?Elizabeth Kichard?
son.
Koui rb i;i |. lohn Frank Wil?
liams.
Fifth fluide Charles Boyd.
Sixth Hrade Janus Brown. Wil?
liam Brown.
Seventh tirade?Marion Boyd.
Eighth < irade -Marion Boyd.
Washington. April HI. ?The casual
t' list today contained forty-three
itsnif* divided as follows Killed in
action. I] died of wounds, :{. died ol
dlvriise. II; wounded severely. !<?,
wounded slightly. I ?) Lieut. Kenville
Wheat was among those sllghtl)
wounded
MANY MOKK MFMBF.RS FOR THE
TIP TOP (TA B.
The People of Hcnihcrt, und the
Young LudiCK of the Magneto Works
Get in the War Savings Game?
Another Big Buyer.
Add to Big Buyers:
D. V. Keels, Uembert.$110.00
One more. It looks good. Not a
town man either, but from near the
end of the county. Way off on the
road to Camp Jackson his example is
set; his money has gone to the gov?
ernment and will help to buy bread
and guns and bullets for the boys that
are battling the Huns. Do you think
there are not more in the country
who has bought them in quantity?
Not a bit of it. They are there. The
(rouble is they are bashful. As soon
as they overcome their bashfulnesa
and tell their names they will be lined
up in type.
Let it be known what you have
bought. Where you haye lead others
will follow.
* * *
Tuesday was a banner day for the
Tip Top Club; it received many
members, and they are right spirited
members too. In the afternoon tht
peoples of Hembert met and elected
a War Savings Committee consisting
of Mr. J. A. Reames, chairman and
Misses Elizabeth Reames, Mrs. S. W
Voung, Mrs. J. L. Olllis, Mrs. T. J
Crown. Miss Lula G?lls, and Mitt
Jackson. Moreover they decided right
there and then to form two War Sav?
ing Societies, and a number of mem?
bers were signed up right on the spot
The two societies will be completed
and organized formally at an carl:
date.
F. W. Wilson and J. N. Boykin am
other colored people were present
and these two agreed to form com
rnittees and War Saving Societle
among their people, and they too go
right down to work. There is goinf
to be more War Savings around Rem
bert in a short while than you car.
shake a stick at. Watch it grow.
A moving spirit in the meeting, in
fact tie organizer of it was Mrs
Mary O. Rembert, postmistress. If al
the postmasters were as interested gl
is Mrs Rembert Sumter would
uulckly be at the very Tip Top.
Mr. Men F. Myers president am'
Miss Ida Sanders secretary of the
llagood War Savings Society wen.
rresent at the Rembert meeting
They gave as their experience tha
whereas before the meeting the Ha
good post office had sold hardly an:
stamps at all, that after their organ
Ization pad gotten under sail the post
office had sold out, and had sent fo
more stamps. _
gee
Tuesday night was when the Mag
neto young ladies decided to organlz.
which they did by electing Mrs. Leb
by president and Mrs. Porter secre?
tary. The organization will bt
pushed right along, and will be per
fected In a day or two. "We are go
lng to surprise you" said Mrs. Lebby
so any society that does not want t
be passed In per capita purchases hat
better begin humping itself rig!',
away.
* g g
West End No. 17 W. S. S. with 1
memhe.'s has bought to the extent 0
$59.00. As this society has not been
organized a month, if they continm
tc buy at the same rate they wil
pass the per capita quota asked by th
government for 1918, $20.00.
HUMTRR COTTON MARKKA
P n mow MAN. Cotton Buyer.
Corrected dally at 12 o'clock Norn
Oood Middling 29.
Strict Middling II ;i-4.
Middling 28 1-2.
Strict Low Middling 27 .??-4.
NFAV YORK COTTON MARK FT.
Yes'dy
Open High Low Close Clem
May . 27.25 17.60 10.00 If.00 17.00
July . .17,08 17.14 10.00 26.00 17.0
oct . . 10.40 10^47 16.68 16.68 M.6
Oer . , 8g,l8 16*11 25.3;, 10.81
tpota, 17.81 ?
London. April 215.?The Britten at
taeftl last night north of Albert wa
carried out on a front of one thou
aand yards, on which the advance wa
made tO a depth Of tWO hundred and.
fifty yards. lleutcr's correspondent at
headquarters reports.
Wichita Falls, April 24.?Second
Lieut. Stephen R. Warner, of Maple,
wood, New .Jersey, dying Instruetor.
and Cadet I'M win O. Cryer, of Alle
gheny County. Pennsylvania, wer?
killed at Oalltiehl this morning when
their plane suddenly burst into games
and fell,
PL\N To CONTROL LABOR,
Washington, April IS, establish?
ment of a "Director General of L<
bor." consolidating all federal labor
agencies, and with power to control
government employoa and those work
mg on government contracts is being
worked out by the preelrent, it wa
I <\> i imlny.
GERMAN BASES ATTACKED.
NAVAL FORCES MAKi KAI I) ON
OSTEND AND ZUEKRUUGE.
Five Old Cruisers Sunk to Block the
Channel?Haid Was Reasonably
Successful According to Admiralty
Reports.
London, April 23.?British naval
forces today raided German subma?
rine bnaet at Ostend and Zeebrugge
the admiralty announces. Five old
cruisers, which had been filled with
concrete for. use in blocking the
channels, were run aground, blown
up and abandoned by their crews.
The admiralty reports that according
to incomplete information the rah.
met with a reasonable measure ol
success.
A Prize Winning Essay.
Editor Sumter Item.
One of your Sumter County girls.
Hiss Elisabeth Dabbs, has won a prize
in the contest we are running In our
Household Chemistry Classes. This
is a splendid article and I know the
people of Sumter County will be
proud that Miss Dabbs wrote it. J
feel that you would be glad to pub?
lish it In your paper and am sending
it for that purpose. Please send me
a copy of your paper containing the
essay, also the original essay for Miss
Dabbs.
Sincerely yours,
Roy Z. Thomas,
Head Household Chemical Depart
i ment.
Soap and Toilet Articles . and Tlieir
Use in The Home.
The purpose of this articld* Is not to
go fully into the chemistry involved
in soap and soap-making for that is a
big subject that would little interest
those who have never taken up the
study of chemistry, but to include the
chemistry of it only . so far as this
chemistry is closely related to the
common things of life. Soap Is one ,i
of the most important of all house?
hold articles, and yet most' people are
Ignorant of the properties of various
?soaps and consequently they are often
misused. \V6 waste time, energy,
money by the misuse of s^ap. Before
,ve take up the kinds of different soaps
and misuse of certain soaps It will be
best to go briefly Into the manufac?
ture of soap and the common soap
adulterations.
Manufacture of Soap. .
Soap is made by the chemical re?
action^ between an oil or iy fat and an 1
Alkali. Caustic soda is the'alkali com?
monly used, while the oil may be olive,
palm or cocoa nut oils for the fln?r
grades of soap and animal fats and
oils for the cheaper grade of soaps.
The alkali is diluted to a suitable
hulk with water and is added to the
fat in the proportion about 1.7.
There are two classes of waier so?
luble soaps, the hand or soda soaps
ind the soft or potash soaps. Hard
soaps may be made by the hot pro?
fess or the "cold process." For com?
mercial purposes the "hot process" Is
usually used. The alkali and the fat
ire boiled together until the mixture
is smooth. This Is known as soponl
Ueation (soap making). The product
Is soap and glycerol. When it i
smooth salt is added and as soap i
nsoluble in salt water it rises to Uu
op. The brine at the bottom is drawn
off. This contains glycerol, which Is
refined and made; into glycerin. Water
added tp the soap, it is boiled, salt
d and separated as before, and th>vi
\\r out into moulds to set thorough'y,
)i If other things are to be added it
Is run Into a mixing machine and j
from there it is run into the mould
It takes forty-eight hours for coni-j
plete separation to take place, I
that is for all of the fat and alkali
to be changed Into soap. The kettles
uro et course in use all of the lime
(ind another "butch" of soap cannot (
bti begun until this one is run out into
the moulds. Some manufacturers run
Mi" soap out into the moulds before
complete s?ponlflcation has taken
place In order that they may have
the kettles to make more soap to
make more money. Consequently the
soap may contain unsaponilied fat or
"free alkali" or maybe both.
Soap made by the "cold process"
must have very accurate proportions!
of oil and alkali. The Ingredients
are combined null allowed to stan 1
several days, until complete s?ponlfl?
cation has taken place. Soaps made
by this method contain the glycerol,
but this is not objectionable as
glycerol has healing properties.
Special Soaps.
The best kinds of transparent soap*
are made by dissolving the ?oap in
al? (?hol. getting rid of the undissoh ? I
residue, and then evaporating the al -
cohol. Some of the cheaper grad<
of transparent soaps contain sugar,
which should be classed as an adu'?
I
tel.Hit ;is it cans*-; the so.ip to WSStl
away so rapidly.
The model II tnOttled SOBPS "
mad*- by Introducing coloring mat?
ter Into the soap. This does not
I eel the \ a lue of the soap
For floating soaps air is beaten Into!
11lie soap mixture before it hardens.
This gives a large hulk; but you are
not getting as much soap as you may
think you are.
PerfUmei and colors do not ordi?
narily affect soaps; hut sometimes
perfumes are added to conceal bad od?
ors due to using decomposing fat.
Partly for this reason highly per?
fumed soaps are undesirable.
The great bulk Of scouring soaps
consist of certain abrosive materials.
Only about 10-20 per cent, is soap.
The liner the abrosive the better the
quality of scouring soap.
Medicated soaps may contain car?
bolic acid, tar or oatmeal or some
other medical substance. As a rule
t is better to buy your medicine and
soap separately. Use soap for what
it was originally intended for. i. e. its
cleaning power. These two-in-one ar?
ticles do not always give the results
that Ihey are claimed to.
Soup Adulterations.
Soap adulterations are of two kind^.
(1) other detergents (2) fillers. Un?
der the first class there are sodium
and potassium carbonates, "Water
glass," rosin, petroleum products and
borax. The last two, petroleum pro?
ducts, which include kerosene, wax,
naphtha, etc. and borax, have value as
detergents and, therefore, should
not be classed as adulterants, but the
others are.
Sodium and potassium carbonates
are harsh alkalies that should not 1>C
put in any soaps except those for
rough cleaning. If more than 5 per
cent, of the soap la sodium carbonate, 1
there will be white crustation on top.
Therefore, beware of white encrust?
ed sohl s. Potassjum carbonate, on
the other hand, makes soap seem to
have p finer grain, and by its use more
water can be held in the soap. There?
fore, it seems to be the worst of these
two adulterants.
"Water glass," like potassium car?
bonate makes it possible for water to i
be held in the soap without being ,
teadily detected. This causes the
soap to waste away quickly. More ;
than a little water glass in soap used
for laundry purposes is very bad as
the silicate deposited by the water
glass wears out the clothes.
llosin is often used In laundry <
soaps, especially yellow soaps. It I I
forms a cheap substitute for fats and
Is objectionable if present in more I
than small quantities as it often caus- I
es yellow stains on the clothes.
Killers are cheap. Substances such <
as minute marine organisms, fine
clay, chalk, etc., used In soaps to give I
bulk. They can readily be detected by ?
Ihe fact they are insoluble in alcohol., I
t'ses and Misuses Of Various Soaps.
All alkalies act upon the protein
in wo??i and silk, therefore, never
wash woolen and silk goods with any
hut neutral soaps. Harsh soaps, that
is soaps containing- free alkali, art
very injurious to these goods.
Neither should free alkali sea pa be
used to clean varnished articles. The
alkali In the soaps will unite with
the oil in the varnish and cause it to
separate from the wood work.
GlaSS windows and line China Should
he washed with neutral soap. Harsh
soaps will scratch the glass and take
the decorations off of the China?
Octagon is a very good laundry soap
but it should never be used for wash?
ing the hands or hair. The hands
and hair contain protein and fats
that react with alkalies.
Alkali is not injurious to iron.
Therefore, harsh soaps ami scouring
powders suc h as "Old Dutc h Cleans?
er" may be; used to cdean stoves. Al?
kali soaps and scouring powders will
clean aluminum ware, but they will
scratch it. Aluminum should be
cleaned with a neutral soap or soap
and ammonia. The best way to clean
silver is to use a neutral soap or
place the silver in an aluminum or a
tin pan, cover with hot soda water
and boil until the silver is bright. The
tarnish on the silver will be trans?
it rred to the pan.
For laundry purposes washing soda
is far more efficient than any soap
tor softening water. One pound of
washing soda will do the work of
eighteen or twenty pounds of laundry
soap.
To save money on the soap propo?
sition buy a whole case at a time and
I ut it up in the attic to dry out. You
will find that it will not waste away
nearly so quickly.
The following soaps are recom?
mended as good toilet soaps: Ivory.
Fairy, Palmolive, Woodberry's and
Colgatea. For laundry purposes, ex?
cept for woolens and silks, Octagon
und Naptha soaps are good. Fairy
and Ivory are gooVl. neutral soaps tc
Itae in launder ing silks and woolens.
Toilet Articles.
It should he the business of every
one to make him or herself as attrac?
tive as possible. Hy the wise use oi
toilet articles you can, to a large ex?
tent, make yourself attractive and
beautiful in person.
of course health is the foundation
id good lookt;; but many healthy peo?
ple do not have good complexiom
Simply because they do not take care
of it. Face creams and lotions ho)\
io kise the tiny pores of the skin open
? %
to keep the tiny pores of skin open
tion of getting rid of certain impuri
? ties, if the pores are kept open Ml I
III good working condition a soft
velvety ekln is the natural result. Tko
mass, ging motion used in applying
lace ie,?ms and lotions helps to make
the i usclea of the face strong and
the flesh firm and elastic.
Face powders are beneficial in pro?
tecting the skin from the weather;
hut powder should not be applied in
large quantities and it should always
be entirely removed from the face at
night by bathing in order that the
pores mi y be open all night to threw
of all impurities.
Health as well as beauty depends
upon strong, clean. beautiful teeth.
The i ?Ol Of all tooth troubles is an
a.lbui: nous transparent film that co\ff^B
era the teeth. In this Mas thou-^es?
sands of germs find a home and from
here luv scatter to all parts of the
body. Boapy substances only harden
this aluminous Rim. This albuminous
substance taust be digested and pep?
sin is the natural digestor of albumin
in the stomach. But to digest albu?
min pepsin must have the aid of hy?
drochloric acid, and this acid is in?
jurious to the teeth. It has been
found that calcium phosphate will
neutralise hydrochloric acid so tfeutf it
will not injure the teeth, but at 'the
same t'me it does not take away tha
powe; of this acid to help pepsin di?
gest a mmin. It Was also found that
calcium phosphate was a wonderful
polish- r of enamel. Therefore, a tooth
? aste hat contains pepsin to digest
this a luminous film, acid calciurrt_w-?
phosphate to aid in this digestion,w-<
>nd es Icium phosphate to polish the
teeth, would be an ideal cleanser for
the te th. The following have been
tested in the laboratory and found to
I be good preparations for cleaning the
I teeth: Pepsodent, Kolynos and Peb
3cco.
Although prfumea have no real
value is far as health goes, yet they
cultivate our aesthetic sense. A faint,
letlcatu perfume we associate with
laintiness. culture and refinement. By
a wist choice in the selection of our
perfumes we can add to the attrac
I tiveness of our persons. Perfumes
are obtained from fruits and flowers
' y subjecting them to pressure or by
destructive distillation with steam.
The fj lits and flowers must be at a
certain stage of ripeness or the per
fume will not be good. For good
toilet articles the following companies
ire reeommended: Colgate, Jergens,
Daggett and RamBdell, Palmer, I*a
.clla. a id Hines. JstI
STOVER FEED MILLS
A Mill that will grind and cut your corn on the
cob and in the shuck ?
A Mill that pulverize velvet beans, soy beans
and soja beans ?
We have these Mills in stock and ir stall it will
for you on your farm for
===== $195.00 -
Carolina Machinery Co.
''Everything in Machinery"
Opposite Post Office. Sumter. S. Carolina.