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Takes up Necessity of Reserve Force in His First Appeal For National Defense. Sty* That America Will Always Be A Lover of Peace, But Hut Honor and Character Moat be Vindicated at AH llpee* Dote Not Fear Militarism-Has Changed Since His Meeaage io Congress Fem teen Months Ago on Prepared ? Hi Mil Tariff Coanmiation-Defeode His Mexican Policy, hW8| out Peattion of United States. New Teck, Jen. 87 ? President Wil? len kfht benen hta personal appeal to the eenntry for preparedness for ?st Essel defenee. He lave warning thai plana for the readjustment of the army meet be carried out with? out demy and solemnly declared he coual net predict that t he outlook lor the Un*?d States would be aa bright tosnerrow aa today. Speaking st banquets of the Railway' Business association and the Motion Picture Board of Trade, he sounded the key? note of addresses that he will deliver durtng the next ten days in the Mid? dle West Mr. Wilson was In a fighting mood, a n speech early In the day he de? clared he always aoceptel an Invita? tion to fight. Toplght hi told ths railroad man he was ah advocate of peace and had straggled to keep thu United States at peace, but ha con the Hbert ad honor of the aation even mom w-as peace. **Woe to any man who plays mar pest or who seeks to make party pol? ities or personal ambition take pre over candor, honor and un un partisan service!" said the president In sp jklng of his de k Ssjaee ptan before the rail read men. He Sadared that the country expects action; this Is a year of accounting, and Use accounting must be dvAnlta en the part of parties and on part of every Individual who wishes to enjoy the public confidence. ^ 'Tor ray part, I nope every man in pnfchc fife will get what Is coming to kdhv" said Mr. Wilson amid laegb ter hhd appHese. The president at both banquets and all during his day's visit to New York was gristSd with enthusiasm. On I hat rtde between the hotels where were held tonight he by a band and ths Ninth company of coast artillery of the York National Guard. Thou of oersooe packed the streets cheered him us he went by. hie speech before nearly 1,(00. men at the railway banquet aside almost entirely the text of the address that he had previously The president admitted that In a esshSSje to the last congress he had MsMj the need for preparedness was net pressing. He declared that he learned something in the mean time. He cited his recent support of a tar? iff commission as another It stance of a change on his part. Mr. Wilson spoke of mer. of high character who were oloudtnr the pre f parednees issue He declared they were provincial. He vigorously de? fended his Mexican policy. He as? serted that to Invade Mexico would mean the losing of the confidence of the rest of the Western hemisphere. He cited the case of Cuba aa an in f stance of good done by the United States. "If we are drawn Into the mael? strom which now surges In Europe," the president declared, "we ?hall not be permitted to do me high things we would prefer." > The president defended the conti? nental army plan drawn up by Sec? retary Garrison and said that ho did not oars about the details of any plan aa k>ng as 500,000 train?! men were provided as reserves und?r the federal government He advocated i strengthening the National Guard, hut said the constitution Itself put the guard under the Hta tee. Ho add- I ed that the United States will net turn In the direction of militarism. Outlining why the United 'States should be prepared. Mr. Wilson said: ' "We must protect our rights as a nation and the rights of our c turns In America and outside of It, its the consensus of civilised people hit. de? fined them; must endure the jnem barraesed realisation of our political development within our own borders 1 and must protect tho peace and political autonomy of the Amerlcaax'*l He added that a national dofenso means the protection of the country from Invasion and also the prevention of flank assault upon "the things which we believe to underlie our life." Indust. preparedness, with the military training of students in in? dustrial schools, was proposed by the president. He left consideration of navy plans for later addresses. Business men who formerly relied on protective measures in their deal Inge with foreign powers were criti? cised by Mr. Wilsen. He said Amer? ican business men should be able to hold their own against the world. In hie address before the Railway Business association banquet Pres? ident Wilson said he considered It a privilege "to be permitted to lay be? fore you some things to v hlch we ought to give our most careful and deliberate consideration." "The questions. It seems to me," he said, "which most demands clarifica? tion Just now is the question to which your toastmaster has referred?the question of preparation for national defense. "1 say that it stands in need of clarification because, singularly' enough. It has been deply clouded by \ passion and prejudice. It Is very sin? gular that a question the elements of which ere so simple and so ob . ions should have been so beclouded by the discussion ef men of high motive, men of purpose as handsome as any of us may claim, and yet apparently In? capable of divesting themselves of that sort of provincialism which con? sists in thinking the contents of their own mlndt to be the contents of the mind of toe world. For, gentlemen, while America Is a very great nation, while America .contains all the ele? ments of rflne force and accomplish? ment, America does not constitute the major part of the world. "We live In a world which we did not make, which we can not alter. .. It would be a hopeless piece of pro? vincialism to suppose that because we think differently from the rest of the world we are at liberty to assume that the rest of the world will permit us to enojy that thought without dis? turbance. "It Is a surprising circumstance also that men should allow partisan feeling of personal ambition tocruep Into the discussion of this fundamental thing. How can Americans differ about the safety of America? ""And I, for my part, am ambitious that Amei !. .i should do a greater m:<<. more difficult thing than the >rreat nations on the other siue ol the wa .ei have done. In all the belligerent countries men, without distinction of party, have drawn together to accom? plish a successful prosecution of the war. Is it not a more difficult and a more desirable thing that all Ameri? cans should put partisan prepossession aside?. ? ? "Only the other day the leader of the Republican minority In the house of representatives delivered a speech that showed that he was ready, and I take It for granted that the nvm behind him were ready to forget party lines In order that all men may act with a common mind and pulse for the service of the country. And 1 want upon this first public occasion to pay my tribute of respect and ob? ligation to him. "I find It hard indeed to approach this subject without deep emotion, gentlemen, because, when we speak of America and the things that are to be conserved in her, does It not call a wonderful picture into your mind? America Is young still. Think of thn great treasures of youth and energy and Ideal purposes still to be drawn from the deep resources from which this nation has always drawn Us light... . "Think of the position Into which America has beon drawn almost in spite of herself, by the circumstances of the present day. She is forced, whether she will or not, In the dayu Immediately ahead of us, to furnish the world with its chief economic guidance and assistance. "It Is very line to remember what ideals will be back bf that assistance Economic assistance In Itself Is not necessarily handsome. It Is a legiti? mate thing to make money. Money brings with It power which may be well or 111 employed. And It should bo the pride of America always to emtdoy her money to the highest purpose. And yet, If we are drawn into the maelstrom that now surges across the water and swirls even In the Western region of the world, wo shall not be permitted to keep a free hand to do the high things that we Intend to do. And It Is necessary that wo should examine ourselves and so order ourselves that we can make certain that the tasks Imposed upon us will be performed, and well per? formed. "America has been reluctant to match her wits with the rest of the world. When I faco a body of men like this, It ii almost Incredible to remember that only yesterday they v/ira afraid to put their wits into free mm_ ? - competition with the world. The best brains In the world afraid to match brains with the rest of the world! Wo have preferred to stand behind piotoctlng devices. And now, we are thrust out to do, on a scale never dreamed of in recent generations in America, the business of the world. We can no longer be a provincial nation. "Let no man dare to say if he would speak the truth that the ques? tion of preparation for national de? fense 1b a question of war or peace. If there is one passion more deep seated in the hearts of our fellow countrymen than another it is the passion for peace . . . There 1b no desire on the part of any thoughtful and conscientious American to take ore foot of territory from any na? tion in the world. And I myself share to the bottom of my heart that profound love for peace. I have sought to maintain peace against very great, and sometimes very un? fair odds, and I am ready, at any time, to use every power that is in me to prevent such a catastrophe as war coming upon this country. "So that it is not permissible for any man to say with anxiety that the defense of the nation haa the least tinge in it of desire for power which can be used to bring on war. But, gentlemen, there Is something that the Americans love better than, they love peace. They love the principles upon which their political life Is founded. "They are ready at any time to fight for the vindication of their character and their honor. They Will' at no time seek a contest, bet they will at no time cravenly avoid it. Because if there 1b one thing that the country ought to fight for and that every nation ought to light for, it is the Integrity of its own convic? tions. We can not surrender our1 convictions. I would rather surren? der territoy than surender ideals. And because wo hold certain Ideals we have thought it was right we should hold them for others as well as for ourselves. "America had been willing to fight tor the liberty of others as well l* for Its own liberty. The world sneerpd when we set out for the liberation of Cuba, but the world does not sneer any longer. . . "And, whether by one process or another, we have made ourselves in some sort the champions of free gov? ernment and national sovereignty in both continents of this hemisphere. So that there are certain Obligation?, Which everj American knows, that w have undertaken. The first and pri? mary obligation is tne maintenance i of the integrity of our own sov? ereignty.There Is also kh-* maintenance of our liberty to develop our political institutions without hin? drance, and last of all, there is the determination and the obligation to stand as the strong brother of all those In this hemisphere who will maintain the same principles. "May I venture to Insert here a parenthesis? Have any of you thought of this? We have slowly, very slowly Indeed, begun to win the confidence of the other states of the American hemisphere. If we should go Into Mexico do you know what would happen. All the sympathy of the rtst of America would look across the water and not northward to the great republic which we profess to repre? sent. "And do you not see the conse? quences that would ensue In every in? ternational relationship? Have the gentlemen who have rushed down to Washington to insist that we should go Into Mexico reflected upon the pol? itics of the world? Nobody seriously supposes, gentlemen, that the United States needs to fear any invasion of Its own territory. What America has to fear, if she has anything to fear, are flank movements upon her reg? nant position in the Western hemis? phere. Are we going to open the gates or are we going to close them? For they are the gates to the hearts of our Amorican friends to the south of us and the gates to the ports with? in their spirits and you have won the only sort of leadership and tho only sort of safety t.iat Amelrca covets . ? But, gentlemen, we must find means to do the things which are suitable to tho time and suitable to our own ideals. Perhaps when you learned that I was expecting to address you on the subject of preparedness you recalled the address which I made congtjess something more than a year ago, in which I said that this question of military preparedness was not a | pressing question. But more than a year has gone by since then, and I would bo ashamed If I had not learned something in 14 months. The minute I stop changing my mind, as presi? dent, with tho change of all tho cir? cumstances In tho world I will be a back number. "Thoro Is another thing about which I have changed my mind. A year ago I was not in favor of a tariff board, and I will tell you why: Be? cause then tho only purpo.so of a tariff board was to keep alive an unprofitable controversy. ... "But the eircumHtnnces of the pres lent time arc these: There is going on in the world, under our eyes, an economic revolution. No man under? stands that revolution. . , And mem? bers of congress are too busy, their duties are too distracting to make it possihlo within a sufficiently short space of time for them to master the change that is coming. . . "But that is another parenthesis. What I am trying to impress upon you now is that I can not tell you what the international relations of this country will be tomorrow, and I use the word literally. "America will never be the aggres? sor; America will always seek, to the last point at which her honor is in [ volved, to avoid the things which dis? turb the peace of the world. But America does not control the circum? stances of the world and we must be sure that we are faithful servants of those things which we love and are ready to defend them against evciy contingency. . .it goes without say? ing that one thing this country never will endure Is a system that can be called. militarism. But militarism con? sists in preparing a great machine whose only use is for war . . . And I do not believe that the creation of such an instrument is an insurance of peace. "America Is lawys going to use her army in two ways. She is going to use it for the purpose of peace and she is going to use it as a nucleus for expansion into those things which fihe does believe In, namely the prepa? ration of her citirens to take care of themselves. * "There are two sides to the ques? tion of preparation. There is not merely the military side, there Is the industrial side. We ought to have in this country a great system of indus? trial and vocational educational train? ing under the guidance of and with federal aid, in which a very large per? centage of the youth of this country will be given training in the skilHul use and application of the principles of science in manufacture and busi? ness. "But, gentlemen, you can not create such a system rapidly. It has got to be built up. And there is something to be done In the meantime. We must see to It that that a sufficient body of citizens is given the kind of training which will make them effi? cient for call into the Held in case of necessity.Think of asking men, who can be easily drawn, to come into the held, crude, ignorant, Inexperienced, and merely furnish the stuff for camp fever and bullets. .And so It seems to me that it is OUT manifest duty to have ;i proper citizen reserve. ' "I am hOt forgetting our National Guard.As Kovcrnor of Now Jersey I wa* hroaght into association with what I am too glad to believe was one of the most efficient portions of the National Guard of the United States. I learned to admire the men, to respect the officers, and to believe in the National Guard. And I believe that arm of our national defense should be built up and encouraged to the utmost. But you know that un? der the constitution of the United States it is under the direction of more than two score States and that it is not permitted for the national government to direct its development and organization, and that only upon occasion of actual1 inavsion has the president of the United' States the right to ask those men to leave their respective States. I for my part am afraid that there is no way in which that force can be made a direct re? source as a national reserve under national authority. "What we need is a body of men trained in association with units of the army, a body of men organized under the direction of the national authorities, subject to the immediate calls to arms of the national authority and yet not drawn from the peaceful pursuits which have made America great and must keep her great. "I am not a partisan of any one plan. . . . But what I am for, and what every American ought to insist upon,* is a body of at least a half mil? lion trained citizens who will serve under conditions of danger as an im? mediately available national reserve. I "I am not saying anything about the navy because I don't want to go to sea. I want to stick to the ono theme tonight because for some rea? son there is not the same controversy about the navy there is about the army. The navy is obvious and easily understood. The army apparently is very difficult to comprehend and un? derstand. We have a traditional prej? udice against armies which makes us stop thinking the minute we begin talking about them and we suppose that there can not be an Americas system in this Instance, but that It must be the European system and that Is what I, for one, am trying to divest my own mind of. The navy Is ho obvious an instrument of national defense "that 1 believe that with the differences of opinion about detail It is not going to be difficult to carry out a proper and reasonable programme lor the Increase of the navy. "Hut that Is another story and you know I have to give a good many speeches in the near future, and 1 must save something for subsequent days. My theme tonight is national defense on land. I do not want to leave upon your minds the impression that I have any anxiety as to the outcome, for have not the slightest. "There is only one way that parties and individuals win the confidence of this nation and that is to do the things that ought to be done. The facts are going to speak for them? selves, and speak louder than any? body who controverts them. "No political party, no group of men, can ever disappoint America, This is a year of political accounting and. the American* in politics are rather expert accountants. "No man Is going to hide behind any excuses. The goods must be de? livered or the confidence will not be enjoyed; and for my part I hope every man in public life will get what is coming to him. "But If this is true, gentlemen, it is because of the things that He down at the very roots of our life. America refuses to bo deceived about the things which most concern her, national honor, national safety All have confidence in everything that jshe represents. "It is a solemn time when men must examine not only their purposes but their hearts, when men must purge themselevs of individual am? bition, when men must see to it that they are ready for the utmost self sacrifice in the interest of the com? mon welfare. Let no man dare be la marplot. Let no man bring partl san passion Into these great things. Let men honestly debate the facts and courageously act upon them and then there will come that day when the world will say: 'This America that we thought was full of a multi? tude of contrary ideas, now speaks with the great volume of the heart'a accord and that great heart of Amer? ica has behind it the moral force of righteousness and the hope and the liberty of mankind.' " President Wilson was busy from the time he arrived early this morn? ing until he left at midnight for a brief period in Washington before de? parting for the Middle West to speak for preparedness In addition to at? tending two banquets tonight, the president spoke twice during the day. shook hands with a group of euf fragists and took two automobile rides. Insistence that the American peo? ple love peace, but must be treated justly and must harmonize interna? tional racial and religious differences marked his address at noon before a conference of 1,500 New York clergymen of all denominations. He declared that peace is inconsistent with the violation of principle and the loss of respect. The president did not repeat his now famous phrase "too proud to f ght," but asserted bel? ligerently that "I always accept, per? haps by some impulse of my native blood, the invitation to a fight" H?* I added that he hoped he always fqught in "kindly fashion" that he did not "traduce his antagonists," and that he fought with the intention of con? verting them. During the morning tbe president repeated his opposition to action by the federal government on the wo? man suffrage question when speaking to a delegation of 200 members of the Congressional Union of Woman Suf? frage who called at Iiis hotel and would not leave until he saw them. He reiterated his position that he would help the cause in individual States whenever he could. 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