The watchman and southron. (Sumter, S.C.) 1881-1930, February 02, 1916, Image 7
Takes up Necessity of Reserve Force in
His First Appeal For National Defense.
Sty* That America Will Always Be A Lover of Peace, But
Hut Honor and Character Moat be Vindicated at AH
llpee* Dote Not Fear Militarism-Has Changed Since His
Meeaage io Congress Fem teen Months Ago on Prepared
? Hi Mil Tariff Coanmiation-Defeode His Mexican Policy,
hW8| out Peattion of United States.
New Teck, Jen. 87 ? President Wil?
len kfht benen hta personal appeal
to the eenntry for preparedness for
?st Essel defenee. He lave warning
thai plana for the readjustment of
the army meet be carried out with?
out demy and solemnly declared he
coual net predict that t he outlook
lor the Un*?d States would be aa
bright tosnerrow aa today. Speaking
st banquets of the Railway' Business
association and the Motion Picture
Board of Trade, he sounded the key?
note of addresses that he will deliver
durtng the next ten days in the Mid?
dle West
Mr. Wilson was In a fighting mood,
a n speech early In the day he de?
clared he always aoceptel an Invita?
tion to fight. Toplght hi told ths
railroad man he was ah advocate of
peace and had straggled to keep thu
United States at peace, but ha con
the Hbert ad honor of the
aation even mom w-as peace.
**Woe to any man who plays mar
pest or who seeks to make party pol?
ities or personal ambition take pre
over candor, honor and un
un partisan service!" said
the president In sp jklng of his de
k Ssjaee ptan before the rail read men.
He Sadared that the country expects
action; this Is a year of accounting,
and Use accounting must be dvAnlta
en the part of parties and on part of
every Individual who wishes to enjoy
the public confidence.
^ 'Tor ray part, I nope every man in
pnfchc fife will get what Is coming
to kdhv" said Mr. Wilson amid laegb
ter hhd appHese.
The president at both banquets and
all during his day's visit to New York
was gristSd with enthusiasm. On
I hat rtde between the hotels where
were held tonight he
by a band and ths Ninth
company of coast artillery of the
York National Guard. Thou
of oersooe packed the streets
cheered him us he went by.
hie speech before nearly 1,(00.
men at the railway banquet
aside almost entirely the text
of the address that he had previously
The president admitted that In a
esshSSje to the last congress he had
MsMj the need for preparedness was
net pressing. He declared that he
learned something in the mean time.
He cited his recent support of a tar?
iff commission as another It stance of
a change on his part.
Mr. Wilson spoke of mer. of high
character who were oloudtnr the pre
f parednees issue He declared they
were provincial. He vigorously de?
fended his Mexican policy. He as?
serted that to Invade Mexico would
mean the losing of the confidence of
the rest of the Western hemisphere.
He cited the case of Cuba aa an in
f stance of good done by the United
States.
"If we are drawn Into the mael?
strom which now surges In Europe,"
the president declared, "we ?hall not
be permitted to do me high things
we would prefer."
> The president defended the conti?
nental army plan drawn up by Sec?
retary Garrison and said that ho did
not oars about the details of any
plan aa k>ng as 500,000 train?! men
were provided as reserves und?r the
federal government He advocated
i strengthening the National Guard,
hut said the constitution Itself put
the guard under the Hta tee. Ho add- I
ed that the United States will net turn
In the direction of militarism.
Outlining why the United 'States
should be prepared. Mr. Wilson said:
' "We must protect our rights as a
nation and the rights of our c turns
In America and outside of It, its the
consensus of civilised people hit. de?
fined them; must endure the jnem
barraesed realisation of our political
development within our own borders
1 and must protect tho peace and
political autonomy of the Amerlcaax'*l
He added that a national dofenso
means the protection of the country
from Invasion and also the prevention
of flank assault upon "the things
which we believe to underlie our
life."
Indust. preparedness, with the
military training of students in in?
dustrial schools, was proposed by
the president. He left consideration
of navy plans for later addresses.
Business men who formerly relied
on protective measures in their deal
Inge with foreign powers were criti?
cised by Mr. Wilsen. He said Amer?
ican business men should be able to
hold their own against the world.
In hie address before the Railway
Business association banquet Pres?
ident Wilson said he considered It a
privilege "to be permitted to lay be?
fore you some things to v hlch we
ought to give our most careful and
deliberate consideration."
"The questions. It seems to me," he
said, "which most demands clarifica?
tion Just now is the question to which
your toastmaster has referred?the
question of preparation for national
defense.
"1 say that it stands in need of
clarification because, singularly'
enough. It has been deply clouded by
\ passion and prejudice. It Is very sin?
gular that a question the elements of
which ere so simple and so ob . ions
should have been so beclouded by the
discussion ef men of high motive, men
of purpose as handsome as any of us
may claim, and yet apparently In?
capable of divesting themselves of
that sort of provincialism which con?
sists in thinking the contents of their
own mlndt to be the contents of the
mind of toe world. For, gentlemen,
while America Is a very great nation,
while America .contains all the ele?
ments of rflne force and accomplish?
ment, America does not constitute the
major part of the world.
"We live In a world which we did
not make, which we can not alter. ..
It would be a hopeless piece of pro?
vincialism to suppose that because we
think differently from the rest of the
world we are at liberty to assume that
the rest of the world will permit us
to enojy that thought without dis?
turbance.
"It Is a surprising circumstance
also that men should allow partisan
feeling of personal ambition tocruep
Into the discussion of this fundamental
thing. How can Americans differ
about the safety of America?
""And I, for my part, am ambitious
that Amei !. .i should do a greater m:<<.
more difficult thing than the >rreat
nations on the other siue ol the wa .ei
have done. In all the belligerent
countries men, without distinction of
party, have drawn together to accom?
plish a successful prosecution of the
war. Is it not a more difficult and a
more desirable thing that all Ameri?
cans should put partisan prepossession
aside?. ? ?
"Only the other day the leader of
the Republican minority In the house
of representatives delivered a speech
that showed that he was ready, and
I take It for granted that the nvm
behind him were ready to forget
party lines In order that all men may
act with a common mind and pulse
for the service of the country. And 1
want upon this first public occasion
to pay my tribute of respect and ob?
ligation to him.
"I find It hard indeed to approach
this subject without deep emotion,
gentlemen, because, when we speak
of America and the things that are to
be conserved in her, does It not call
a wonderful picture into your mind?
America Is young still. Think of thn
great treasures of youth and energy
and Ideal purposes still to be drawn
from the deep resources from which
this nation has always drawn Us
light... .
"Think of the position Into which
America has beon drawn almost in
spite of herself, by the circumstances
of the present day. She is forced,
whether she will or not, In the dayu
Immediately ahead of us, to furnish
the world with its chief economic
guidance and assistance.
"It Is very line to remember what
ideals will be back bf that assistance
Economic assistance In Itself Is not
necessarily handsome. It Is a legiti?
mate thing to make money. Money
brings with It power which may be
well or 111 employed. And It should
bo the pride of America always to
emtdoy her money to the highest
purpose. And yet, If we are drawn
into the maelstrom that now surges
across the water and swirls even In
the Western region of the world, wo
shall not be permitted to keep a free
hand to do the high things that we
Intend to do. And It Is necessary
that wo should examine ourselves and
so order ourselves that we can make
certain that the tasks Imposed upon
us will be performed, and well per?
formed.
"America has been reluctant to
match her wits with the rest of the
world. When I faco a body of men
like this, It ii almost Incredible to
remember that only yesterday they
v/ira afraid to put their wits into free
mm_ ? -
competition with the world. The best
brains In the world afraid to match
brains with the rest of the world!
Wo have preferred to stand behind
piotoctlng devices. And now, we are
thrust out to do, on a scale never
dreamed of in recent generations in
America, the business of the world.
We can no longer be a provincial
nation.
"Let no man dare to say if he
would speak the truth that the ques?
tion of preparation for national de?
fense 1b a question of war or peace.
If there is one passion more deep
seated in the hearts of our fellow
countrymen than another it is the
passion for peace . . . There 1b no
desire on the part of any thoughtful
and conscientious American to take
ore foot of territory from any na?
tion in the world. And I myself
share to the bottom of my heart that
profound love for peace. I have
sought to maintain peace against
very great, and sometimes very un?
fair odds, and I am ready, at any
time, to use every power that is in
me to prevent such a catastrophe as
war coming upon this country.
"So that it is not permissible for
any man to say with anxiety that the
defense of the nation haa the least
tinge in it of desire for power which
can be used to bring on war. But,
gentlemen, there Is something that
the Americans love better than, they
love peace. They love the principles
upon which their political life Is
founded.
"They are ready at any time to
fight for the vindication of their
character and their honor. They Will'
at no time seek a contest, bet they
will at no time cravenly avoid it.
Because if there 1b one thing that
the country ought to fight for and
that every nation ought to light for,
it is the Integrity of its own convic?
tions. We can not surrender our1
convictions. I would rather surren?
der territoy than surender ideals.
And because wo hold certain Ideals
we have thought it was right we
should hold them for others as well
as for ourselves.
"America had been willing to fight
tor the liberty of others as well l*
for Its own liberty. The world sneerpd
when we set out for the liberation of
Cuba, but the world does not sneer
any longer. . .
"And, whether by one process or
another, we have made ourselves in
some sort the champions of free gov?
ernment and national sovereignty in
both continents of this hemisphere.
So that there are certain Obligation?,
Which everj American knows, that w
have undertaken. The first and pri?
mary obligation is tne maintenance i
of the integrity of our own sov?
ereignty.There Is also kh-*
maintenance of our liberty to develop
our political institutions without hin?
drance, and last of all, there is the
determination and the obligation to
stand as the strong brother of all
those In this hemisphere who will
maintain the same principles.
"May I venture to Insert here a
parenthesis? Have any of you thought
of this? We have slowly, very slowly
Indeed, begun to win the confidence
of the other states of the American
hemisphere. If we should go Into
Mexico do you know what would
happen. All the sympathy of the
rtst of America would look across the
water and not northward to the great
republic which we profess to repre?
sent.
"And do you not see the conse?
quences that would ensue In every in?
ternational relationship? Have the
gentlemen who have rushed down to
Washington to insist that we should
go Into Mexico reflected upon the pol?
itics of the world? Nobody seriously
supposes, gentlemen, that the United
States needs to fear any invasion of
Its own territory. What America has
to fear, if she has anything to fear,
are flank movements upon her reg?
nant position in the Western hemis?
phere. Are we going to open the
gates or are we going to close them?
For they are the gates to the hearts
of our Amorican friends to the south
of us and the gates to the ports with?
in their spirits and you have won the
only sort of leadership and tho only
sort of safety t.iat Amelrca covets . ?
But, gentlemen, we must find means
to do the things which are suitable to
tho time and suitable to our own
ideals. Perhaps when you learned
that I was expecting to address you
on the subject of preparedness you
recalled the address which I made
congtjess something more than a year
ago, in which I said that this question
of military preparedness was not a |
pressing question. But more than a
year has gone by since then, and I
would bo ashamed If I had not learned
something in 14 months. The minute
I stop changing my mind, as presi?
dent, with tho change of all tho cir?
cumstances In tho world I will be a
back number.
"Thoro Is another thing about
which I have changed my mind. A
year ago I was not in favor of a tariff
board, and I will tell you why: Be?
cause then tho only purpo.so of a tariff
board was to keep alive an unprofitable
controversy. ...
"But the eircumHtnnces of the pres
lent time arc these: There is going on
in the world, under our eyes, an
economic revolution. No man under?
stands that revolution. . , And mem?
bers of congress are too busy, their
duties are too distracting to make it
possihlo within a sufficiently short
space of time for them to master the
change that is coming. . .
"But that is another parenthesis.
What I am trying to impress upon
you now is that I can not tell you what
the international relations of this
country will be tomorrow, and I use
the word literally.
"America will never be the aggres?
sor; America will always seek, to the
last point at which her honor is in
[ volved, to avoid the things which dis?
turb the peace of the world. But
America does not control the circum?
stances of the world and we must
be sure that we are faithful servants
of those things which we love and are
ready to defend them against evciy
contingency. . .it goes without say?
ing that one thing this country never
will endure Is a system that can be
called. militarism. But militarism con?
sists in preparing a great machine
whose only use is for war . . . And
I do not believe that the creation of
such an instrument is an insurance
of peace.
"America Is lawys going to use
her army in two ways. She is going
to use it for the purpose of peace and
she is going to use it as a nucleus
for expansion into those things which
fihe does believe In, namely the prepa?
ration of her citirens to take care of
themselves. *
"There are two sides to the ques?
tion of preparation. There is not
merely the military side, there Is the
industrial side. We ought to have in
this country a great system of indus?
trial and vocational educational train?
ing under the guidance of and with
federal aid, in which a very large per?
centage of the youth of this country
will be given training in the skilHul
use and application of the principles
of science in manufacture and busi?
ness.
"But, gentlemen, you can not create
such a system rapidly. It has got to
be built up. And there is something
to be done In the meantime. We
must see to It that that a sufficient
body of citizens is given the kind of
training which will make them effi?
cient for call into the Held in case of
necessity.Think of asking
men, who can be easily drawn, to
come into the held, crude, ignorant,
Inexperienced, and merely furnish the
stuff for camp fever and bullets.
.And so It seems to me that it
is OUT manifest duty to have ;i proper
citizen reserve.
' "I am hOt forgetting our National
Guard.As Kovcrnor of Now
Jersey I wa* hroaght into association
with what I am too glad to believe
was one of the most efficient portions
of the National Guard of the United
States. I learned to admire the men,
to respect the officers, and to believe
in the National Guard. And I believe
that arm of our national defense
should be built up and encouraged to
the utmost. But you know that un?
der the constitution of the United
States it is under the direction of
more than two score States and that
it is not permitted for the national
government to direct its development
and organization, and that only upon
occasion of actual1 inavsion has the
president of the United' States the
right to ask those men to leave their
respective States. I for my part am
afraid that there is no way in which
that force can be made a direct re?
source as a national reserve under
national authority.
"What we need is a body of men
trained in association with units of
the army, a body of men organized
under the direction of the national
authorities, subject to the immediate
calls to arms of the national authority
and yet not drawn from the peaceful
pursuits which have made America
great and must keep her great.
"I am not a partisan of any one
plan. . . . But what I am for, and
what every American ought to insist
upon,* is a body of at least a half mil?
lion trained citizens who will serve
under conditions of danger as an im?
mediately available national reserve.
I "I am not saying anything about
the navy because I don't want to go
to sea. I want to stick to the ono
theme tonight because for some rea?
son there is not the same controversy
about the navy there is about the
army. The navy is obvious and easily
understood. The army apparently is
very difficult to comprehend and un?
derstand. We have a traditional prej?
udice against armies which makes us
stop thinking the minute we begin
talking about them and we suppose
that there can not be an Americas
system in this Instance, but that It
must be the European system and
that Is what I, for one, am trying to
divest my own mind of. The navy Is
ho obvious an instrument of national
defense "that 1 believe that with the
differences of opinion about detail It
is not going to be difficult to carry out
a proper and reasonable programme
lor the Increase of the navy.
"Hut that Is another story and you
know I have to give a good many
speeches in the near future, and 1
must save something for subsequent
days. My theme tonight is national
defense on land. I do not want to
leave upon your minds the impression
that I have any anxiety as to the
outcome, for have not the slightest.
"There is only one way that parties
and individuals win the confidence of
this nation and that is to do the
things that ought to be done. The
facts are going to speak for them?
selves, and speak louder than any?
body who controverts them.
"No political party, no group of
men, can ever disappoint America,
This is a year of political accounting
and. the American* in politics are
rather expert accountants.
"No man Is going to hide behind
any excuses. The goods must be de?
livered or the confidence will not be
enjoyed; and for my part I hope
every man in public life will get
what is coming to him.
"But If this is true, gentlemen, it
is because of the things that He
down at the very roots of our life.
America refuses to bo deceived about
the things which most concern her,
national honor, national safety All
have confidence in everything that
jshe represents.
"It is a solemn time when men
must examine not only their purposes
but their hearts, when men must
purge themselevs of individual am?
bition, when men must see to it that
they are ready for the utmost self
sacrifice in the interest of the com?
mon welfare. Let no man dare be
la marplot. Let no man bring partl
san passion Into these great things.
Let men honestly debate the facts
and courageously act upon them and
then there will come that day when
the world will say: 'This America
that we thought was full of a multi?
tude of contrary ideas, now speaks
with the great volume of the heart'a
accord and that great heart of Amer?
ica has behind it the moral force of
righteousness and the hope and the
liberty of mankind.' "
President Wilson was busy from
the time he arrived early this morn?
ing until he left at midnight for a
brief period in Washington before de?
parting for the Middle West to speak
for preparedness In addition to at?
tending two banquets tonight, the
president spoke twice during the day.
shook hands with a group of euf
fragists and took two automobile
rides.
Insistence that the American peo?
ple love peace, but must be treated
justly and must harmonize interna?
tional racial and religious differences
marked his address at noon before
a conference of 1,500 New York
clergymen of all denominations. He
declared that peace is inconsistent
with the violation of principle and
the loss of respect. The president
did not repeat his now famous phrase
"too proud to f ght," but asserted bel?
ligerently that "I always accept, per?
haps by some impulse of my native
blood, the invitation to a fight" H?*
I added that he hoped he always fqught
in "kindly fashion" that he did not
"traduce his antagonists," and that
he fought with the intention of con?
verting them.
During the morning tbe president
repeated his opposition to action by
the federal government on the wo?
man suffrage question when speaking
to a delegation of 200 members of the
Congressional Union of Woman Suf?
frage who called at Iiis hotel and
would not leave until he saw them.
He reiterated his position that he
would help the cause in individual
States whenever he could.
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