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?jjc d?litcbnum anD *outljran. FubllntKHl Wednesday ami Saturday. ?BY? OSTEEN PUBLISHING COMPANY SUMTER. S. 0. Terms: $1.50 per annum?in advance. Advertisement*. One Square ftrat Insertion.$1.00 Every subsequent insertion.50 Contracts for three months, or longer wlii be made at reduced rates. All communications which sub? serve private Interests will be charged for as advertisements. Obituaries and tributes of respect will be c barfed for. The Sumter Watchman was found? ed la 1110 and the True Southron in 1ISS The Wstchman snd Southron sow has the combined circulation and Influence cf both of the old papers, and is manifestly the beet advertising medium in Sumter. The Penitentiary directors appear to be moving slowly with the annul? ment of the hosiery mill contract, but caution now may save trouble in future. ? 0 ? All the trusts will have to reor? ganise to escape the Sherman law, and they will doubtless succeed in finding lawyers to frame up a scheme that will inable them to do in a "reasonable manner" what they have heretofore done in a rougn-ahod and crude way. Business dne*'.e will take the place of strcng-nrm and big stick methods In the monopoly of profitable trade. 1 ????? ? SMlIilNti I'ASF iHSMISSFD. Arnault < omni It teed I i Clarendon and not In Sumter County. The Smiling case whb h has created considerable KterevA of late becaus fg Us mysterlousness was finally laid <4J Its grave Saturday Insofar as this county Is concerned for In the hear? ing before Magistrate Wells It was shown that the alleged whipping and assault occurred In Clarendon and not Sumter county upon which .rounds the case was thrown out of court t' Judge Wells. The case was set for Friday, but hau to be postponed until Saturday when it was called at noon. Messrs. L. D. Jennings snd R. D. Epps represented the Smlhngs and J. K. Clifton he State. In answer to the warrants which were Issued Friday all of the parties alleged to have taken part In the assault were present and a num? ber of witnesses were present. Brow? ser who was the principal partv con? cerned could not bo found and the case went to a hearing without him. The case consumed something over an hour during the greater part of which time there was argument be? tween counsel as to whether Of not testimony was competent. The wit? nesses for the greater part seemed to be unwilling to tell anything about the case and most of them stated that all that they knew about the al? leged whipping was hearsay. None of them, except one. had had anything to say about the alleged assault of the Smlllngs, or jo they testified In court. Those that testified *ta'ed that from what the;- had heard the occurrence had taken pla? ?? In Clir sndon county. Several of the wit? ness.-* h?d w?t man HroWdkff gf* ter the occurrepe,. uT,d stated that he was apparently In good physical con? dition. < Mie of the points on which counsel disagreed as to Its being com? petent was the statement by one of the witnesses that he had nut told Mr. I. T. Davis, who had sworn out the warrants against the Smiling crowd, that two of the Smlllngs bad told him that they had worn out three buggy whips on Browder. The wit? ness stated that he had not made any in? h statement to Davis. There wss no exlsVne. to show that the alleged whipping had t iken phV>S in Sumter county while several of th?? witnesses for the State had butlftod that to the best of their knowledge It had taken place In C| irendon coun? ty. On this evidence, or lack of evi? dence, the case was dismissed by Magistrate Wells. UQCOH DETKCT1VFS REMOVED. (.o\crnor I lieu ?4- Remind*. < ommU sion of Twi hr DI-|h u?ai \ ( on. -table* Columbia. June 2<\. CnV, I'.lease today removed twelve dl*pcti.-ur> ein? st?hle* located in eleven dry coun? ties. Two constables are removed from Saluda und one each from Dorchester. I,ee. Sumter. ? ?r mgeburg. Fairfeld. Darlington. Abbeville* Berkley. Barnwell and Calhotta This action Is taken In a cordance with the Governor's recent announce? ment of hi* willingness to rSSSOTS constable* from dry counties where local county officers showed ability ami disposition to enforce tie I iw. The farmer* from down In the Concord section report a big hill storm there last Friday afternoon which did con.*lderable damage to the corn and cotton. PUBLIC ROADS, Their Item tlciul R?Hl BUd H II to Attain Them. Note: The following is? tin- tirot of a series of articles by 1 ?r. Joseph Hyd* i?iatt. state Geologist of North Carolina which appeared in "South em Oood Honda" and which ars io enlightening on the question now be? fore the citizens of Sumter County, that The Item will print them ver? batim.?Bdltcr, Introduction. A study of the problem! connected with the deevloamanl Of our nation has shown that we take first rank In civil ko\eminent, manufactures, com? merce. ?.nd in the world s affairs uen erally, yet, improved publk road con? duction, the one phase of our Ameri? can life upon which depends more than any other the certain prosperity i ? ial comfort of a large ma.iorii\ of our citizens, has been neglected to a degree that Is almost beyond the power of conception. Our wisest statesmen have for sever? al een attracted by the ques? tion of transportation, and of the three important methods of transpor? tation, railways. water -way* and roads, the two former have received the bulk of the consideration of our statesmen, and yet I believe that in the end the public road Is the most important, for the reason that at least 90 per cent of the freight must first be hauled over It. The question of the improvement of our public roads Is becoming one of the more important ones of the day, and the cry is going up from all over this country to the State Legislatures | and to Congress for better public J roads. It Is not only a county and State question but It is becom'ng a national one, and It Is hound to re? ceive the caref?! consideration of all who are Inf tested in the development Of the State and county. When railroading was first begun In this country many persons had the Idea that there would be but lit? tle use for the public road In those sections of the country that were j traversed by the railroad. Time has i demonstrated, however, that rail? roads are simply the main arteries of travel, and public roads are the veins, each being a necessary part of the other In our system of trans? portation, and that without the pub? lic roads the railroads would fail In accomplishing what Is required and ; demanded of them. Agricultural products are a vital 'necessity of every country and must be provided, no matter what else has to be given up. The magnitude of their production in the South is not equalled either In value or In tonnage j by the products of any other industry. Nearly all agricultural products have to be carried for at lea3t a small dis? tance over our public roads, and the cost of this transportation has to be deducted from the value of tW> agrl- j cultural product to the farmer who prod'* jB it. Improvements In railway transpor? tation facilities are approaching a | high state of efllclency. while the public hghways have in many States beei greatly BSSjlOCtsd. The people) are, how. \ er, now turning tholr at- ' leattoa tc the question of the im-; proveno nt of public roads, and. al- j though this awakening has come rather lit.-, the people of t'. ? South w ill attack it with the same force and vigor that they have taken up other Questions of vital bBpottance tc the State and to the nation. In North Carolina the good roads movement has spread to such an ex? tent now that it Is not "Do WO want good roada?" but "How can ws ob? tain good roads?" Of the 100 coun t;es in the state containing spproxl mitetj "0,00a miles of public roads, .i very large majority of 'hem have gi\en expression to their in* rest in good roads by having bills Introduced at the last tWC Sessions Of the legisla? ture relating to the Improvement of the public roads in their respective counties. This does not mean, how? ever, that all these counties are con BtrtM ting macadam roads or even good graded roadl but that they have beejua to real it i the need of good roads arid are making an attempt to remedy Dm evil of poor roads. ( i wish to review briefly the prac* tlcal or beneficial results to be derived i v a community from the construe* j turn of good roads ami why ws cannot afford not to have the.m. As you will notice, the benefits apply largely to the rural sections, rathrr than to the Incorporated towns and cities, and it may be well to State here that the mono] raised by bond issues, author lined by counties or townships, Is in j nearly every ones tc bo spent for the Iconetruetlcn of Improved roads o-it. ' side Incorporated towns and cltl? BeewMul Results or Good Roads, One ot the ohlef beneficial results from good roads is that tie farmer, I fruit-grower, trucker, and other* will ; be abb- t.onomtac time and force in fbe transport,)! |o,, of products be? lt ween country and market. The dls [ tunes ? farmer lives from market is not a question of miles but oT the Ireads he must travel over lo reach tii it point ib-w many bouts and how many horses does it require to liaul1 a load to market 7 When thus meas? ured) ten milt s of good, smooth high- | eray are not as long as a few mllei of mud and atone. Lot me Illustrate thla further. Two men wife dismissing tin- resect i\?? merits of their farms. One said, "1 am only throe miles from the market while you are five." "Yes.' said the other, ' hut my five miles ll over a hard graded road ovor which my two horses can easily haul two tons, while your road is hilly and rough end von would not think of nutting I more than a-4 of a ton on your wag? on." Farmers are realising more and more that the distance thej Use from l market is measured In time and not ( in miles. It will be easily seen that any re- . duction in the COSt of marketing a product is to the advantage of the I State, for if the producer does not make the difference, the consumer will; and it should not he and It ll i not difficult to convince the. town and j City man that he is directly interested In the construction and maintenance of good roads in the country. If he j can be convinced of this fact, he will he willing to he taxed that improved road construction .may he carried on in every part of the county of which he is a resident. Wherever Improved roads have been constructed, they have demonstrated in a very short time their value to the community and to the State and have shown con? clusively that they are the means of t\ ing mar.. dollars a year to the farmer. Over many of the publlo] roads of the South it is now impossible j for a farmer to haul more than half i a ton. It mav be that a considerable i portion of the road between him and town may be a fairly good road over which he could easily haul a ton, but there are too many heavy places and grades on the roads over which It Is I impossible to haul over half a ton. j Consequently, it is necessary for him to load his wagon for these rough, heavy places and not for the good places. If the farmei is not jver 8 miles from the railroad, his team can make a round trip in a day if the roads are not too muddy and there are not too heavy grades. If his team is worth $2.50 per day, it has! cost him at the rate of 62 1-2 cents per ton for each mile. On the rail road It can be shipped to almost any point that the farmer desires for 1-50 to l-100th of the rate which it has cost him to bring it to the rail? road. This is because the science of transportation has been highly de? veloped In connection with railroad? ing and almost entirely undeveloped j In connection with the public road. j As public road Improvement goes on the farmer will find that he can begin to haul from two to four times j as much per load as formerly, and In [ 1-4 to 1-2 the time, thus reducing the cost per ton per mile from 1-4 to 3-4 j of what it cost him over the poor | road. As we know there 1? but little J chance of reducing the railway trans" | portution charge on agricultural pro" I ducts, but there is a splendid oppor- I tunlty In nearly every county of North j Carolina to rsduce the cost of thej public road transportation charge on these products. Estimated Coal of Transportation b> Horses and Wagons, Hauling One Ton a Distance of one Mile on Dif? ferent Rond*Coi erlngs. On iron rails. 1.2S cents On asphalt. 2.70 cents On stone, paving) dry. and in good order. 6.33 cents < m stone, paving, ordinary condition.l?.uo cents i m stone, pavlngi covered with mud.11.80 cents I ?n broken Stone road, dry, and In good order. . . . S.OO cents ? m sand-clay road, dry, and in good order.. .. s.oi? cents ( >n broken stone road moist, in wood order. 10.30 cents ( ?n broken stone road. or? dinary condition.11.90 tents ? ?n broken stone road, cov? ered With mud.14.?0 cents I >n broken stone n>ad( with ruts and mud . . 26.00 cents ( ?n earth, dry and hard. 18.00 cents < ?n earth, with ruts and mud. 39.00 cents (>n gravel) loose.51,60 c ents On gravel, compacted. 12.80 Cents on plank, good condition 8.00 cents on sand, wet. 32.60 cents < Mi sand ,dry.?; 5.<u? cents From a consideration of these fig? ures of the COSl of hauling a load of one ton a distance of one mile over ja b Vel road, it will be s. en that it COStS more than twice as much to haul this load over the best dry dirt road as it does to haul the same load the same distance over a mneadnm or sand clay toad and five times as much to haul it over a moderately mudd) dirt toad, and eight times .is much to haul it through drVi deep 'and. Cnfor tunatcly we cannot make all our loads level, as tie topography of North Carolina varies from sea level to over six thousand f. . i. It is there? fore n.ssary that most "f oar roads have nome grade to them, hi our road construction, howover, we should make the grades just as low as pos? sible, in as much as ev< ry per cent J ol grade greatly Increases the cost of transportation. At tin present time, the many st? >ep tills on tin- roads through the middle and western coun? ties Of the State. and a. few in the ?astern counties are a very serious drawback to travel and a very heavy item of expense in transportation <>f tarn products. This fai t l>ecomei very apparent when we Stop to re member that the weight of the load which a team can li ml from coun? try to market Is limited, not to what it could hai l over a good part of the road. hilt o what it can haul up a certain hill over which the road pass? es, or acro.$s a certain muddy flat through which the road may lead. 1 want to show now what the maxi? mum load is that a horse can haul over the lust macadam road having different grades. Load a Horse Can Draw On Different Grades on The Very Best Macadam Roads. Maximum Load Late of Grade, feet per I 100 feet. which a horse cm\ haul. i Level surface, best macad* ! dam. 6.270 1 foot rise In 100 feet. 4,146 2 foot rise in 100 feet. 8,114 ?i feet rise in 100 feet. 2.18 6 5 feet rise in 100 feet. 1,800 7 feet rise in 100 feet. 1.3.17 10 feet rise in 100 feet. 1,030 These figures show that an average horse weighing twelve hundred pounds can haul six times as much on a good level road as he can haul up a hill which rises ten feet in a distance of one hundred feet, and T might say here that such hllU are not at all uncommon in the middle and western counties; and they also show that on such a steep macadam road It requires as much force to haul the load one mile as it would to haul the same load six miles on a level road. There Is another feature of our public roads that is adding consid? erable expense to transportation, and that is the unevenness of the surface of the road. On the surface of many Of our country roads we will observe small to large stones, ruts, mud holes, sand, etc., and all the.??e when present are adding considerable to the cost of transportation. Let me illustrate; if the wheel of a wagon rests on the smooth, hard surface of a good mac? adam or sand-clay road, it does not sink into the surface and has no ob? stacle in front of it so that a mini? mum amount of force is required to pull the load forward. If, however, there is a stone in front of the wheel it is necessary for the horse, before he can move forward, to pull, not only the load but he must also actually lift 1-4 of the entire weight of the load to the top of the stone, if the vehicle has four wheels and one-half the total weight of the load if it has two wheels. Take- a winter time dirt road, where the wheel has sunk in mud half way to the hub, or a heavy sand road where the wheels are sunk from four to six inches iti sand, be? fore going forward the horse must either lift this wheel out of the mud or sand, In which case he must not only lift the entire weight of the load, if all the Wheels are In the mud or sand, but he must also lift an indc-ti nite weigh of mud and overcome a Considerable amount of friction be? tween tie sides of the rim of the wheel and the mud or sand into which the wheel his sunk, before ho can raise the vehicle on the hard surface again. i To be continued.) HOTEL COMPANY FORMED. Harby Lot on Corner <?f Sumter and Libert) streets Selected as site for Hotel. The parties subscribing to stock for the proposed hotel for Sumter met on Monday at 11' o'clock in the office of Mr. It, D. .Jennings ami. af? ter forming a company, voted for tho Harby lot as the site for the propos? ed hotel. Other sites proposed were the Jackson lot on the corner of Bart lette and .Main streets and the McCal" lum lot, where the old Jackson ho? tel was situated. The Harby lot re? ceived the greatest number of votes ami it was accordingly declared se lected as the site for the building. The company was formed with tin election of a board of directors con? sisting of the following met : L. P. Jennings, H. .1. Harby, R. I. Manning. I?. lb Molae, N'eill O'Donnell, 11. I'. Ramett, Thomas Wilson, A. 1 >. Harby. for Harby K-cdc, and .1. K. < 'rossw ell. The officers of tin- company were not sei.M t<-d ns two of trie incorpor" a tors were absent and it was deem? ed best to wait until they returned. ? ober business tending towards get llng tin- work under way was attended to at a meeting of the board of di? rectors which took place Immediately following the nuiting of tin- stock? holders. The views of Madrl Qrns scenes in New <'rb ans which are now on dis? play in the show windows of the D. J, Chandler Clothing Company have attracted much notice from the pas rershy, CRIMINAL COURT CONVENES. Adultiy Case Begun?Blind Tiger Case Nol ProsKcd?True Bills. t The < <?urt of general sessions con- ! vened In the county court house Mon? day with a full criminal docket to be disposed of during the week. There are several murder trials to be disposed of and a number of cases for assault and battery and other minor charges. Judge S. \v. O. Bhlpp, of Florence, U presiding and the wheels of the i court have been put in motion. Most of the morning was spent in getting! witnesses together and in getting i jurors Into the court room. Judge Shlpp mad.- a strong charge | to the grand jury. There were many j good points In what he said and they seemed generally to meet the appro? bation of the spectators. The Indictments referred to the grand jury that morning were re? turned at noon, ,hrep true hills be? ing made out and two bills being nol prossed. The result of the Undings of the grand jury was: Masel Brunson, assault and battery with intent to kill and carrying con? cealed weapon .true bill. State VS. Willie Taylor, grand lar cency, true bill. State vs. John Holland, assault and j battery with intent to kill, true bill. State vs. Celia McDuffte, selling alcoholic liquors, no bill. State vs. John Westbcrry? selling alcoholic liquors, no bill. The first case to come up Monday in the court of general s< ssfons was the State vs. Caroline McDowell and Priestley Rush for living in adultery. This case is one that was brought over from the last term of court when it was tried and resulted in a mistrial. Solicitor Stoll and Mr. L. D. Jennings represent the State and Mr. C. Capers Smith the defendants. DISTINCTION FOB JOHNSON. Named Chairman Important Appro priation Committee Sub-Comuiit tee. Washington, June 23.?Represen? tative Jos? nson, of the 4th South Cat trict, has been made? Cha he appropriation committee - mittee on legis? lative exe I judicial appro? priation b s one of the most important ittees of the ap? propriate *e, which is tself the most committee of the House, m ?mmittee on ways and mean Mr. Joh....?.. v?> toe first South Caro 1 nlan who has been "placed on the appropriation committee since the War Between the State.-. BRIGHTER FOB RECIPROCITY. senate Coup May Prevent Amend' merit. Leader Martin Declares. Washington, June L':i.?Senate Mi norlty Leader Martin, answ ering a I question, declared that there is no truth Ir rumors of a coalition between Democrats and insurgents in the Sen ; if to amend the reciprocity bill. He says the chances for the passage of the reciprocity bill without amend? ment were greatly improved by the coup which forced the fr<-e list and wool bills out of the finance commit? tee. Second Week Jurors. Tin- tlrawing of the Jurors for the second week of Civil Court which took p ace in the county clerk's of? fice Saturday, the term being July 1" to f>, inclusive, resulted in the following men being Selected to serve: .1. II. Durant, .1. C Truluck, Richard Oxendinc, E. I. Bogers, .1. J. Team, R. El. Durant, j. H. Burgess, J. F Whit--. R. El. Nesbitt. II. r.. Boykln, .1. i;. Dollard, J. W. Cox, B, V,'. Rrogdon, Jr. II. B. Oliver, M. J. Mtchaux, J. B. Richardson, l>. W. Alsbrook, Z. E. Walker. J. w. Bradford, R, E. Newman, T. I?. Lackey, w. M. rTowers, T. El, Hinson, T. A. Nettles. W. i >. < fain, Jr. s. y. Delgar, U I. Strauss, I'. China, Jno, s. Kennedy, R. B. Bartlett, .1. m. Jacks.>n. \. II, Mayee, R, <1 Hehnrd. on, R. m. Warren, <!. W. H?ring, C. S. Curtis. TRIPS FOR COl is. S< uthern Commercia stim? ulates lloy < < Washington, June 23.?At a meet? ing of the State directors of the Boys* Corn Clubs of South Carolina today, tr.e plan was approved for a demon? stration in honor of the victors of the soil, at the next annual Conven? tion of the Southern Commercial Con gress. The ten boys In each State making the highest yield of corn are to be given a trip to the nevt Conven? tion. Plans have been formulated to conduct an agric ultural train in the South, according to an announcement today by Dr. C. J. Owens, president of the bureau of agriculture of the Con gress. The United States bureau of agriculture will co-operate with the sue-bureau. Lectures will be given and papers prepared by experts will be read on the resources of the South. An effort will be made to show the relations of education to the agricul? tural life of the South toward im? migration. The Item and Watchman and south? ron Popularity Contest. Following is the list of nominees: District No. 1.?City of Sumter. Miss Annie Dollard. 173.023 Miss Ellen Beach. 167.051 Miss Anna Jennings... .... 64,715 Miss Schuyler Cooper.61,840 Miss Minnie Blanding. . . . 53.0S0 Miss Stacy Smith. 40,820 Miss Jaunita Bradford.34,6^6 Miss Nell McKagen. 28,020 Miss Erline White.16,100 Miss Elizabeth Hood.10,1 ~~> Miss Katie Hinson..?. 8,150 Miss Lucile DeLorme. 4,000 Miss Mary Ramsey. 2.79 5 Miss Elethea Reardon. 2,500 Miss Agnes Richardson. 2,000 Miss Arrie Stuckey. 2,000 Miss Laurel Carr. 1,800 Miss Katie Clark. 1,750 Miss Jennie Walsh. 1.660 Miss Susie McKinney. 1,500 Miss Rosie Hogan . 1,490 Miss Bonnie Nunamaker. . . 1,350 Miss Eda Tobin. 1,300 Miss Martie Boyle. 1,300 District No. 2.?Outeide of Sumter. Miss Pauline Cummings.158,260 Miss Louise Warren .110,593 Miss Lb E. MccCoy.9:..1'50 Miss Bessie Hodge.75,940 Miss Lucile Parrott. 52,580 Mise Pauline Jones. 28.600 Miss Dora Dick. 25.850 Miss Bessie Tallon.18,725 Miss May Weeks...18,450 Miss Beulah Richardson. . . 11,200 Miss Hester Hodge. 8.715 Miss Edith Wells. 6.625 Miss Pearl Moore. 6,500 Miss Edna Rajnsey. 5.000 Miss Bessie F. Aycock. 4,675 Miss Sadie Rogers. 3,050 Miss Janie Bell Gaylord. 2,4 30 The rain Sunday afternoon was the heaviest which has visited, this place this year. READ THIS It May Be What You Want Do you ever have Fever, Chills or Bad Colds? Do you ever feel as if you were tired and worn out. with no desire to eat, with pains Id. your back and Shoulders? S headache, and a bad taste in your mouth when you get up in the morning ? If you do you've got MALARIA, and the small sum of 25 cents will buy you imme? diate relief. The name of this won? derful remedy is FRANKLIN'S 44 TONIC The guaranteed remedy for CHILLS, FEVER, LAGRIPPE and MALARIA. Take this to your druggist and get a bottle. it is guaranteed to do you good. Onlj 25 CENTS. Take no Bills Calomel, or any other medicine, as the tonic acts on the liver. It will make you feel like a new man. Try it. For *ale by all druggists and country merchants. If your d> aler does not keep it, write us The Franklin Remedy Co. Jacksonville, Florida HUNT'S . . Q || LIGHTNING is the one unfailing scientific dressing which Instantly relieves ami permanently cures all hur?, cuts, burns, bruises, sprains sod wounds of every kind. Pain leaves at once because the air is excluded, and the oil covering acts as artificial skin. The quick? est, fastest healing oil known? HI NTS LIGHTNING OIL. 25 cents and 50 cents bottles. A. B. RICHARDS MEDICINE C\, Sherman. Texas. Sold By sllU Hi's DRUG STORK.