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C)p ??aUjnnan m? ?Soutbnm. ffltNteOAY, JULY 21. 1909. The flumter Watchman waa found? ed la lit* and tha True Southron In 1994. The Watchman and Southron Baw ban the combined circulation and nee of both of tha old papers, hi manifestly the best advertising lass la Burnt sr. a time ago Supt. Cain was the of more or less Ill-will of some of ta>* applicants for teachers' cer? tificates because they did not get them The number who received cer? tificates was nine, from twenty-two applicants Those who failed to meet the re quk assents were sincere In their feel? ings about the matter, of course. But have they seriously considered the groat responsibility that rests upon fhe teacher* The teacher deals with haraan character, human souls. And yet. when a young person has Just finished high school, and knows noth? ing practically of any kind of voca? tion, he decide* 0 teach "to get a money"?deals in character before he knows how to deal la anything else. Consider the grave a*cnsatty of having a very thorough WTsparatiaa for teachers. In the re? seat educational convention at Den? ver. Dr. Henry O Williams. Dean of the Mats Normal Schools of Athens. Ohio, saade the following statement la a speech oa scientific teaching: "There are some rural teachers who doa't know the ABC of educa? tion, yet they are called "professors." as Is the corn doctor or the dog He was tailing the cold truth. Bv werytKx'y has to admit the statement as erne Dealing In human souls Is too serious s rocatlon for eiperlment Knowing a few text-books Is ig how to teach. There Is a setrace. In teaching which bo studied before entering on da Oes of a teacher. Special meth Of teaching different subjects, of school organisation, ass etiology and many other details should be carefully No per sea Is fitted to teach fa aay grade who has Just finished the tenth grade. Two years work In asaso normal school or In the educa? tional espartos oats of our Irterury In ettmttoes Is la absolute se ?sslty in order lh*f '*??? ' i ' r ' > '. ftctent. #fe U taken s> least^jB yeais of r >i lege study to show n rv- j >i. how lit? tle hs really knoetgjfJTHe gets the posit!**, egotistical element knocked oat of hiss. He must reach the last of aay statement or theory s accepts It as true or false, ether advantage of the school while making preparations fee teaching, la the benefit of college lUeas. the ?best, the moat select elssaaat of the State and surrounding iwealths, la college, one aa dth the "cream" of young and womanhood. II Is hoped that every ons who wss an fortunate la the last examination for teachers will determine to make preparation* for teaching, and aad take the examination again. OOaaty and State need more and tiler teachers Dyeing 11? ?1 Flowers. rery once la a while some florist gets busy and puts some odd colored blosses?? ta his window as an extra attraction to the display." said a club 'I Just noticed one down the It consisted of a bunch of im Ms green carnations. At first a Is see a good many people thought they were made of paper, hut they got tetereeted when they found out that they were 'natural.' Now. any? body who wants to have el y of these freak flowers can g?*t them by buying kind of aniline Ink. any color Carnations are tht easiest to enter?whits ones, of course. Put their stamps In a glass filled with Ink. Thslr Steens are soft, and In a short wnllo the larger veins In their petals err tiled with the lok. Don't let them absorb too much color. The are prettier with Just ?> much. Then re asovs them snd put them In a vase of sell water Ulli as of the Valley had themselves ' o this scheme also, la feel, aay while, soft stemmed flnwor m*y be uned."?Philadelphia tlAMHHAIJj f1HAIJ.IV.Nt;*:! to the Samte* Junior*? ouians After Tliolr Scalp. Tha Lu?ly Item s In receipt of the f*>flowing cWatlengo from the Air lees h si I Club, of Charleston. Air Dorn? Baseball Club, of challenges any strictly r organised baseball team of fJaaster to play at a near date. We havs aa age limit >f twenty years for players sad would rather get a team *r aaset this average age. All teams iitahleg to phty with please communi cats with Mas Ooldman, Care Char? leston Bill Posting Co , Charleston. 9L C. Tours truly. MAX GOLDMAN Farmers' Union News ?AND Practical Thoughts for Practical Farmers (Conducted by E. W. Dab be, President Farmers' Union of Sumter County.) The Watchman and Southron having decided to double its service by semi-weekly publication, would improve that service by special features. The first to be inaugurated is this Department for the Farmers' Union and Practical Farmers which I have been requested to conduct. It will he my aim to give the Union news and official calls of the Union. To that end officers, and members of the Union are requested to use these columns. Also to publish such clippings from the agricultural papers and Cover n ment Bulletins as I think will be of practical benefit to our readers. Ori? ginal articles by any of our readers telling of their successes or failures will be appreciated and published. I Trusting this Department will be of mutual benefit to all concerned, THE EDITOR. All communications for tl Is Department should be sent to E. W. Dabbs. Mayesvllle, S. C. Some Random Thoughts. A few features of Sea Island farm? ing and I must close this series of letters. On many farms of the ls i lands the dependance for litter for the stables Is the dead marsh grass that tbe tides drift upon the beaches. Every barnyard, except the one at the Junction of Wappoo Cut and Stono River where the bluff does not permit of reaching the beach with a cart, has Its piles of marsh grass. Every ne? gro tenant had his pile of It It is rich In phosphorus and is preferred to pine straw by the farmers on that account. Then too, many of them have no woodland to rake litter on. I did not see a pig on James Is? land and only one lone little one on the Island cut off from James Island by Elliotts Cut, a part of Wappoo Creek, and the Inland waterway from Charleston to Beaufort. They say hogs are a nuisance. There are some sheep and goats, and every farm has Its bunch of rows. The finest bunch of sheep I saw were on Johns Island. There were aeveral years ago two dairy farms on the si ind, hut one waa discontinued M unprofitable. The owner Of the other claim* it Ii profit? able but ^me of hl? brother farm erg say the cotton supports the dairy. Rieh lanfit .Veil, if you could see lbs growth of weeds in one season on all rested lands, and the dense hedge rows alongside every public road, from 10 to 20 feet wide and 10 to 20 feet high, so thick a man could not get through, except with a hatch? et, you would say It was rich too. I laughed at some of my friends and told them they allowed the hedges to grow so as to hide the crops, but It Is to have wind breaks. On only two roads did '1 see any shade trees, that was on the road from Ft John? son and the private road to Mr. Hin son's. Other private roads may have shade trees, but I did not see them. As for the public roads the negroes cut the trees for fire wood as fast as they attain stove wood size. Many oi them using cotton stalks for wood. The reaaons given for resting the cotton lands are: to grow humus and to afford pasture that the cattle may pack the sol); the two, tramping by cattle, and the humus, preventing its blowing away. Such treatment al? ways giving an additional yield of 50 to 100 pounds of lint cotton per acre which at 40 to 60 cents per pound gives a greater rental than cultivation could do. It was stated by several farmers that every instance where cotton was planted continuously showed poorer yields. Another feature that every Interior farmer criticises is the vast amount of hand labor. The seed are planted 1 y hand. The hoeing I was told If about 19 per acre, from four to six hoeings at $1.60 to 22.00 per acre. A ho? must never touch a plant, the leant little skinning or bruising and that plant Is done for. The plowing consists mainly of one or two furrows in the middle of a five foot row, and the hoes follow be? hind and draw the loose soli up tc the plant picking out grans near the plants by hand. When laid by It h on a big round bed at least two feet above the centre of alley. To begin with the weeds and old stalks of two years before were bar? red off by a turn plow and listed down into the alley by hoes, covering a space two feet wide In the old alley On this tne stable manure and fer tlllxers are spread an? bedded on b> two horxe plows, the two foot spacf under the plants being unbroken. 11 Is said this Is done to cause the plant to ripen Its fruit. If the land is brok? en underneath the plants it will try tc grow into a tree at the expense oi fruit, and fall to mature. Several fields of asparagus from which thousands of dollars worth o1 "grass" had been ahlpped were among the prettiest sights I saw In the farm? ing line The rows arc 7 feet wide and the shoots as thick as one's fing? ers, cover a apace of 18 inches to 2 feel wide on the top of the bed, and arc as tall as a man's shoulders. Small harrow? were being used to clean the middle of the row. In a few days cowpeas will be sown thickly in the alleys. Next January the dead tops 'will be removed for Utter, a great many of the twigs and the peavines plowed down into the alley, the "grass" barred off as close as possible, fertilizer applied, the dirt removed from the "crowns' by hoes. After standing a few days they begin to plow the dirt back on the "grass" crowns until it Is 12 inches deep, so the .items of this much prized veget? able when put on the market are about 12 inches long and one Inch thick, If properly fertilized. There arc a great many other phases of farming down there I could write about, bu^ one other, the seed problem, struck me as being unique. Only as very especial acts of friend? ship will one planter let another have any of his seed at all. This seemed to me very selfish, and hardly believable of a people, who work together so harmoniously along other lines. Some years ago they would sell their seed to Georgia, Florida and West Indian planters, but not to one another. The competition from these sources be? came so keen that they quit shipping the seed. It seems that only on these Islands between Charleston and Beau? fort can the plant be kept up to the high standard of 40 to 60 cents a pound and other points need to re? new their seed; so by keeping the seed at home and lettjng every man see to his own selection they hope to control the market. A word as to water transportation, and I muat close this letter. In my judgment that Is really the greatest advantage our coastal friends have over us here In the interior. A boat costing $300.00 including a gasoline engine of 6 or 7 horse-power, will carry two tons of freight or twenty passengers, six or seven miles an hour against tide and about double that with the tide. A landing place can be built at very little more cost than we have to keep up our private roads. The gasoline will npt cost as much as the feed of one mule team, and It would take two mule teams and wag? ons, costing $1.000 to $1,200, to haul as much freight. The government keeps up these roads of the waters, survey ng and marking the channels; dredging, revetting and Jettying, wherever necessary. I saw the stakes and flags of a recent government sur? vey of the Inland water from Johns' Island to the city. At great expense the channels are shortened by cut-offs at the bends. All this without any cost to the people who live along the waterways, if this is a function of government, and unbroken precedent for a hundred years makes It so, I be Kin to think the national government should build the roads, at least the I most Important ones. Say, direc roads from one County Court House to another, North and South and Eas? and West. Our interior towns should I not rest until every stream that ha.s tins water flow is opened to boat*, and in other ways by railroad and trolley, open up direct avenues of traffic with the seaports?the termini of tue world's great high-way?the ocean. Ollf ol the delightftil expert2r-.eei of this trip by my little girls and my? self was to be shown over the nne:4 ship Of the Clyde Line, the Mohawk, In company with the harbor master I The oiflcers of these ships are alwa>* very courteous and lau Ismen ttlOtlld avail themselves of tho opportunity to ge ;hrough one at least once. j E. W. D. J "Made In Atlanta" is an article worth our serious consideration Many Sumter County farmers could well take some special line of cropi or stock and build up a reputation I on them that would beat growing staple crops as a money proposition and would tend to that diversity Ir our agriculture which would mike ui Independent. The great trouble Is to determln*. just what crop or stock to make out specialty and then of more impor? tance, to stick to It until we produce none but the best of that class. I E. W. D. "Matie In Atlanta. We had the pleasure of attending the unique convention of the J. K. Orr Shoe Co., held at the Hotel Ara? gon, on June 21 and 22nd, celebrat? ing their Anniversary. Here we saw 300 merchants from all parts of the South called together as patrons of this linn. We do UOt t rite this ar? ticle to boost the J. K. Orr Shoe Company, nor as an Indirect adver? tisement, but we want to use the suc? cess of this concern as a timely ob? ject lesson to our farming class. The Mayor of Atlanta in his address of welcome said: "Twenty-five years ago we held the Cotton Expostion here in Atlanta, and I was impressed with the possibilities In the manufacturing of cotton and thought of embarking in this line of business, but on con? sulting Mr. Edward Atkinson he told me that the South could not compete with the Northeastern States and their skilled labor?so I abandoned the idea of going into the cotton mill business. Others; however, were not so easily deterred: as was I, and they went ahead and today the South is holding her own fn competition with NfW England arod England in the manufacturing of our staple into cloth. The J. K. Orr Shoe Company had much less showing for success in the manufacturing of shoes, but with indomitable energy and with eternal perseverance, they have kept at work making a good article, appealing to our people to patronize a home insti? tution, until they have now an envia? ble success, and d<* a business whose volume would do credit to any North? ern business concern. Taking up the Si >gan?"Made in Atlanta" they have made this a household word in. ill cnton growing States. Other marra fnrturlng enterprises seeing their suc? cess have been encouraged to start up imtil the recent panic of 1907 bas been robbed of half of its "verrom" and disaster so far as the State of Georgia was concerned, by the people femployed and the money retained in the South through these home manu? facturing institutions. We have nc fight against foreign institutions?but we are heart and soul for Southern development?and this can only come in ihe degree that it should through the patronizing of home industries and the sending abroad of Southern products. We glory in the *'Made In At'anta" spirit. This spirit should not confine itself to the cities or the factories. We need It upon every farm. Each farm should be named ?and should send forth some product to the consuming world stamped as the "Red Seal Shoes," with the name of this farm and carrying with It the guarantee of high-class workmanship and an individuality perculiarly its own. We arc glad too of the reputa? tion the Georgia peach and the Geor? gia melon enjoys abroad. These an? nually bring millions of dollars into circulation in our borders. We coufl grow other crps equally remunera? tive. We vant to do all in our power to encourage the individual farmer to take a pride in sending forth into the markets of the world some product of the highest class, bearing his stamp as grown upon his farm or raised upon his farm. We have al? most an endless variety to choose from. There is, the breeding of horses, mules, cattle, hogs, sheep and chickens. Then you can grow corn, wheat, rye, barley, hay, cottonseed, peaches apples, figs, grapes, berries, melons, cantaloupes and peas for seed of sale. Then you can make cream, butter, honey, canned goods and pick" les. We need not name them all. The farm need not be simply a cotton patch or a produce of cheap, raw pro? ducts. The finer the product the bet? ter tho price. The finished article must always sell for more than the unfinished one. The farm can also be a factory and send forth products commanding two profits?that on pro? duction and that on manufacturing. We need waking up along this line. Our conoer tion of farming is too low. Our skill upon the farm is entirety inadequate We need more ambition among our farmers to?1. Produce a higher class of products. 2. To pro? duce a greater variety; and 3. To feel a pr:di in sending it out to ma ? ktt as our very own, stamped wi h cur .abor, our skill and our Individ? uality. Tb-? editor fee 1c a special pr? le Ir? each iVrkshlre ;>tg ho sends for.h to raftotti sections t) better the I! ?nd In that community. We feel a just pride in each Jersey heifer we send to be a blessing and a pet upon some man's farm. Each time we sell a Plymouth Rock cockerel to grace some man's poultry yard?we feel that same tangible virtue has gone forth to better the world, and to make life the more worth living. While down In south Georgia recently we were talking with a progressive farmer, and we enjoyed hearing him tell with praise of how a north Georgia farm? er and one who advertises corn, had sent him such fine specimens of the variety that he advertised. We like this. A farmer should feel a thrill of joy In producing a fine specimen of any article and a double sens*' of pleasure In sending nothing Inferior from hit farm to be placed upon the markets of the world. To say "such and such a thing" was grown upon my farm or raised uporf my farm, should constitute one of the farmer's chief sources of pleasure. Let the J. K. 0;r Shoe Company and ether worthy manufacturing concerns co.i tJr.ue their cry of "Made in Atlanta? Me.de in the South," but for us and our house let's have for our slogan, "Made upon my Farm."?Southern Cultivator, July 15. NEW INVENTION. Torpedo Can l>e Controlled by Wire lees. Think of calmly standing on the seashore and by means of a p tall key and no connecting wires being able to annihilate an entire navy. This has been rendered possible by the inven? tion of a submerged torpedo propell? ed and controlled by wireless electrici? ty transmitted by the wireless method ?the work of Carl Abrahamson of Sar, Diego, Ca!. The invention is so simple that they overlooked it so long. The pro? pelling force is manipulated on the same principle as the wireless tele? graph. Electricity is transmitted from aerial wires on shore to aerials sup? ported by cork floate and connected with the propeller wheel of the tor ped which is submerged A current powerful enough to sen'1 a sixteen foot torpedo, of the type used b/ the American navy, through the water at a speed of 32 miles an hour can be transmitted, says the inventor. Control of the device Is secured by magnets set on each side of the pro? peller and connected with the steer? ing gear. These magnets are of dif? ferent degrees of sensitiveness and are susceptible to varying degrees of power in electric currents. The steer? ing is thus made possible by a varia? tion In the amount of power sent to the torpedo.?From "Weird Feata of Wireless," in the August Technical Magazine. t The lofty soul is often best mani? fested in the lofty service. r 96 Sheets Linen Paper 50 Linen Envelopes O'DONNELL 6 CO. Vacation Sale of PAPER AND ENVELOPES. A Limited Quantity Only! O'Donnell* Co. v. Lime, Cement, Shingles, Laths, Acme Plaster, Fire Brick, Drain and Sewer Pipe, Building Material of all Kinds, Cow, Hog and Chicken Feed, Hay, Grain, Horses?**Mules. Buggies, Wagons and Harness. Wholesale and Retail. :: :: :: :: :: :: ?? BEST LIVERY IN SUMTER. SUMTER, SC. ?MIKKIHI1II1IHMMHHIHHMHMI ? TT T K receive every few days by express an assortment JJ X Nunnaly's Fine Candies, in all size boxes. M m ===== There is none better. H Telephone 283 M m SWEAT'S DRUG STORE. W. W. SIBERT. 8 S. Mill St. ? ?