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?HE SOl'I'KH WATCHMAN", Established April, 1850. CoBsoiidated ?ng. 2,1881. Lil ?Be Just and Fear not>-^et all the ends Thou Aims't at he thy Country's, Thy God s and Truth's.' SUMTER. S. 0 . WEDNESDAY. ATTO-UST 28. 1*07. THE TRUE SOUTHRON, Established June, i??? New Series-Vol XXT1I. So& I Published Every Wednesday, Y s -BY OSTEEN PUBLISHING COMPANY. SUMTER, S. a Terms: " $ 1.50 per annum-in advance. Advertisements: [ One Souare first insertion.$1.50 Every subsequent insertion.50 Contracts for three months, or longer will be made at reduced rates. AU communications which sub? serve private interests will be charged for as advertisements. j Obituaries and tributes of respecta will be charged for. MR, TINDAL - COMMENDED, CIAKE.YBOX FARMER'S XORX YJJEUD PRAISED BY EXPERT. The Method by Whicli His Prize Crop Was Produced Explained at Great Length, and His Achievement in That Line is Characterized as Won? derful. Columbia, Aug. 18.-The -possibili? ties of South Carolina soil and the charcter of South Carolina intelli? gence have received a world wide ad? vertisement in the winning of the American Agriculturist prize for the f - best yield ot corn by Mr. A. J. Tindal, of Claredon. V A good deal has already been said about this prize crop,, but a report on j it has been made, which will be of further interest. Prof. Thomas Shaw, who is perhaps the world's most not? ed grain expert, has made a full re? view of the conditions under which the crop was grown and his report will be published by the American Ag? riculturist this week. Prof. Shaw was the chief of the judges who passed on the competing crop yields. Commissioner Watson, who has ta ken a great deal of interest in this matter, has secured the following con? densed statement of Prof. Shaw's re? port.' "The acre of corn grown by. Mr. Tindal produced a remarkable yield. | It made him the winner of a $100 prize (not including States prizes). The corn was grown on land possessed of a cash value of $30 per acre. The seil, rather ' low and naturally wet, was humus in its composition, at least, to a considerable extent, choco? late in color, and was underlaid at a depth of about two feet by mixed gravel and pipe clay of a non-recept? ive character. "The soil was naturally enriched by washing from the surrounding soil and had also been highly fertilized during the three previous years.' It had in it one open and some branch drsiins that were covered. In 1903 600 pounds of guano with a composi? tion of 4.8.4, gave a return to 1,821 pounds of seed cotton. In 1904 600 pounds of 4.8.4 guano and 60 pounds of nitrate of soda gave 132 bushels of corn and 9 bushels of cowpeas. In 1905 600 pounds of guano. 100 pounds of nitrate of soda and 30 pounds of nitrate of potash gave a yield of 3, 912 pounds of seed cotton. Planting the Corn. "On April 5, 1906, the ground was j ploughed to the depth of 14 inches j and the same day was cross-ploughed ? and subsoiled to the depth of* 20 j inches, using a ten-inch turning ! plough, and the subsoil plough run in everv furrow was homemade. 'Imme- j V " j diately after, the same day, a spring- j tooth harrow was run over the acre j to the depth of three inches, and also j xa smoothing harrow. On April 16: it was similarly harrowed and the : harrow was at once followed by a ' smoothing harrow. On May 7 it was j harrowed in precisely the same way as on April IS. "The fertilizer applied was as fol? lows: 600 pounds of complete special guano, containing 4 per cent, ammo- j nia, S per cent, phosphoric acid and 4 : per cent, potash; 500 pounds cotton seed meal with a composition of 7.1 j 1-2 and ly 500 pounds of Peruvian j guano with a composition of 8.8.5 and 2; and 400 pounds nitrate of soda with IS per cent of ammonia. The first three fertilizers were applied in a furrow cn May 7. at the time of j the planting of the corn, and the fourth was given as a too dressing on June 15. One man with mule and plough opened the furrows and three j men applied the dressing by hand, j The cost of the fertilizers before ap plication was $32.45 for the acre. ."The variety planted was tho Marl- | boro Prolific, grown by tho owner, j who in 1900 introduced the variety) inro the neighborhood. The seed was j planted in rows that were made with j the shove1.. The kernel? were buried j three inches deep in a wolf prepared j soil, and one inch apart in the line of j the row. The rows were 33 inches j distant and 2S quarts of seed were used, the germination of which was considered perfect. The weather was dry until June 10, and was then over wet. Financial Statement. "Expenditures were: Interest, on land at 6 per cent. $ 1.S0 Cost, of ploughing. 5.00 Cost of harrowing. 1.00 Other labor in preparing the land.. ... 1.00 Cost of fertilizers.. 32.45 Cost of applying fertilizers. .. 1.00 Cost of seed. 50 Cost of cultivating. 2.50 Cost of other work. 1.5C Cost of harvesting. 9.SO Total.$ 56.55 '.Receipts were: 1S2 bushels corn at $2.$364.00 3 tons stover at $6. 13.00 4,100 pounds fodder at $20 per ton. 41.00 Total receipts.. ,.$423.00 Xet profit.$366.45 "On May 16 a weeder was run over the corn to the depth of two inches. It was cultivated May 22 and June 2, with 16-inch sweeps running to the depth of about one inch. On May 30 the crop was thinned by hand to the distance of four to six inches be? tween the plants and weeds were re? moved. One day with three men was occupied in the hand work. "On August 27 the tops were cut off and the fodder stripped from the ear down. On November 30 the crop was harvested by plucking the ears. The same day the stubs of the stalks were cut by hand and shredded. The yield of the corn was 182 bushels, giving an average of 86 per cent of corn to cob. Comments on the crop. "The profit of $366.45 seems large, indeed, from, one acre of land, but it will be noticed that in reaching it the entire crop is valued at $2 per bushel, on the assumptinon that it will make good seed. For that pur? pose 48 bushels had been sold when the manual was filled out in the au? tumn of IS06, the fodder, which. I understand, means the tops and leaves, is valued a.t 20 per ton. "To a northern man this seems a very large . valuation. But suppose the entire 'crop is valued at 50 cents per bushel for feding and the straw and fodder together at $5 per ton. These would be worth the figures in any part of the United States; the net profit from the acre would still be $44.45, or considerably more than the land is worth. In my judgment, the State of South Carolina should give Mr. Tindal a medal for what he has done. His achievement- is simply won? derful, and the lessons from it are many. They include the following: "He has brought into bold relief the wisdom of keeping land in a high state of fertilization, as in 1903-'04 '05 h^ got good returns from high fertilization. "He has demonstrated the great value of deep and thorough cultiva? tion in southern soils when preparing them, and ot pulverizing finely be? fore planting. "He has shown that a farmer must not be afraid to put on a little hand labor when growing crops that will be benefitted by it. "He has made it clear that to ob? tain maximum yields of corn the stand must not be thin or irregular. His crop was grown more closely than ! corn is usually grown, but, of course, on some soils it may be necessary to j plant somewhat more distant. "He has shown that in the south a prised me more than the high value ! him more than his land is worth, and yet make a good return for the in ; vestment. "He has demonstrated that a south? ern farmer may make enormous pro ! fits fr^m growing seed corn. "Finally he has shown that in these ! United States we are only in the A. i B. C. of possible production of grain?. Value of Fodders in the South. Prof. Shaw in a separate artiele.bas ' the following to say: "Xo feature of the reports has sur prised me mette thn the high value put upon the corn fodder by contest? ants living in the south. Mr. A. J. Tinda!, for instance, of Manning, S. C.. had his corn cut down to the ears and the fodder stripped off. The weight thus obtained from an aero, presumably cured, was 4.100 pounds. This he valued in his report at $2?> per ton. The corn fodder, presumably the lower part of the stalk, was shredded. Three tons were obtained and {his was valued at $6 per ton. Th<-se facts speak ioudly as to the great difference in the estimate r?f th** value put upon com fodder in the south and in the corn belt, where millions of acres go j back every year to earth ungathered. It would seem scarcely possible that such a difference could exist in the same country. "That millions and millions of acres of this product should go to waste ev? ery year in the United States must appear strange to the foreigner. That so much should be wasted is indeed a stigma upon our agriculture, but it is a stigma that yields it ground very slowly. One acre of corn stover prop? erly cured and fed is worth as much on the average as one acre of timothy hay. The food thus grown on 1,000, 000 acres of corn in the stover is worth as much as the food grown on 1,000,000 acres of timothy hay. The waste of 1,000,000 acres of com fod? der is therefore equal to the waste of 1,000,000 acres of timothy hay. "It may be answered that live stock get some of the fodedr while grazing in the fields. They do, but more of it they do not get, and all of what they get is impaired in quality." A Fine Advertisement. In the opinion of Commissioner Watson this record is more notewor? thy than Drake's, for it has bee al? ways understood that Capt. Drake expended more in obtaining his yield than he received in prizes, while the crop of Mr. Tindal shows a profit without taking into account the prize received. -x. In speaking of this matter today, Mr. Watson remarked that he consid? ered this one of the finest advertise? ments of South Carolina's crop re? sources that could have been obtain? ed, but further than this it is a dem? onstration of the class cf work Clem? son College is doing in training sci? entific farmers. Mr. Tindal, the young man who won this prize, is a graduate of Clemson College, being a son of the late Hon. J. E. Tindal, of Clarendon. His report to the cornai mittee of judges was a model for its intelligent statement of the cultiva? tion of the crop, every step being ac? counted for most fully. In the Drake contest the report was incomplete, or at least not as satisfactorily complete as the report made by Mr. Tindal, who brings to the growing of crops not only a practical and theoretical knowl? edge of agriculture, but the trained mind of a college graduate and the abrl?ty to explain his' methods. Commissioner Watson will soon is? sue his handbook showing the devel? opment of agriculture and industries in this State on all lines, and in talk? ing of the matter today he said that one of the most remarkable features of this development is that of the water powers of thc State. In the report made in 1905 by the United States census bureau it was stated that the water powers in South Car? olina at that time developed repre? sented 31,000, while the reports made to Mr. Watson this year show a de? velopment of 61,000 horse-power, much of which is being used in the driving of cotton mills. COLUMBIA DRUGGISTS INDICTED Efforts to Break Up Illegal Sale of Cocaine Begun hy the Board of Health. Columbia, Aug. 22.-Warrants will be sworn out for the arrest of Colum? bia druggists who are charged with violation of the State law against selling cocaine. At a meeting of thc executive com? mittee of the board of health this af? ternoon, members of the executive committee of the Law and Order League and Coroner Walker and Of? ficer Becom appeared and stated that it was desired that, upon evidence ob? tained, prosecutions of certain Co I lumbia druggists should be made. The board of health, while holding that the matter comes within its ju? risdiction only so far as the health of the community is concerned, still is willing t<* lend all possible aid t . j breaking up the cocaine habit, which has grown at an alarming rate in this city. The officers present, after a consultation, decided that a warrant j should fte sworn out on the evidence ?obtained from several witnesses that certain druggists have been violating the law. Fin.il Action toVbe Taken ?ii Matter ol' Shutting Down Mills. I Norfolk, Va.. Aug. 23.-Th.- North Carolina Pine Association, controlling all tile leading* lumber mills in North and South Carolina. Virginia and Eastern Maryland. which discussed here without action, early in August. th.- question of a curtailment of the lumber output by the closing down of tlie mills of the association, lias I been called to meet at Wilmington. X. j.C., September 4, for final action in the mailer. st. Petersburg. Aug. 26;-CoL Ivan hoff. governor of Viebcrg prison. w;is assassinated today while walking on a street in St. Petersburg. His assas? sin was arrested. ROOSEVELT'S CANDIDATE OPEN'S KENTUCKY REPUBLICAN CAMPAIGN. Wants the Southern Democrats to Forget the Negro and Join the Re? publican Ranks-Believes Disfran? chisement Laws Rijlit Lexington, Ky., Mig. 22.-Secretary of War Taft today opened the Repub? lican State Campaign with a discus? sion of the race problem, general po? litical issues from the southern stand? point and an appeal to Kentuckians to aid the Republican party in support, of those principles. Calling attention to what he called the south's lack of representation in the councils of the nation, he declared that this was "be? cause one single issue has made it the perpetual tail of the Democratic party, so that however small the northern head, it wags that tail. The south has permitted the shadow of an issue that circumstances ought long ago to'have removed to bind it to the Democratic party no matter what principles or candidate that party adopts." He called attention to the prosperi? ty of Kentucky's industries and agri? culture and expressed the belief that many Kentuckians who favored a protective tariff had blindly voted the Democratic ticket because of feeling on the race issue. Then taking up the race question, he said: "I know that the discussion by a northern man of the question is apt to rouse from the southern Democrat th* objection that he does not under? stand the question; that he does not know the difficulties of it, and that if he cannot take it up with sympathy, with the attitude of the white man of the south, he had better not take it up at -all. On the other hand, he is liable to encounter the criticism of the colored man, who, with a natural sensitiveness, remembering the wrongs and oppression to which their race has been subjected, resents any atti tude.. wjiich does not involve condem? nation of the southern white man or which manifests the slightest consid? eration for his view. I am not pessi? mistic with respect to race question. I am convinced that it is working it? self out and I am convinced 'that nothing has so much contributed to its gradual solution as the thirteenth, fourteenth and fifteenth amend? ments." Criminal Class of Negroes Small. He continued: "I shall not stop to give you the sta? tistics showing the great progress that has been made by the negro race in the south. We are apt to forget this real improvement in the diatribes that we occasionally hear from the men who lack sympathy with the progress of the colored race and who denounce the entire race on account j of a comparatively small criminal class that forms the dregs of the southern population." After mentioning the various means of disfranchising voters and declaring that such laws are proper if applied with equal fairness to both white and black, he expressed the hope that as the colored citizens, un? der the leadership of such men as Booker T. Washington, would "be? come respected business members of the communities in which they live and when, they exercise independence of judgment in respect to political is? sues, we may be sure that gradually the right to vote will be accorded them and they will exercise a far more useful influence as intelligent ar i solid members of the community than the ignorant members of their race would have exercised, had they been allowed to vote. Neuro is Necessary to the South. "In this way, through devious ways which cannot be justified or approved, we may still reach a result that will square with the requirements of the federal constitution and will give to the negro every political and econom? ic right. The negro is necessary to ? the south as a laborer-skilled and unskilled. Thr world over today there is a demand for labor and were the negro to he withdrawn from the south the difficulties under which ag riculture would labor can hardly be overstated. "The negro is 'm American. H.- has no other country than this, and called up.?TI to defend it. he lays down his !.:'.. with the same freedom that the white man sacrifices his. Ours is the flag he loves-the only one he knows. Ii is our duty t<- see to it that his path is made as easy as possible, and thai his progress is as incessant as proper encouragement can make it. His best friend-the one that can d?> most for him and the one in many re? spects who sympathizes with him most-is the southern white man. He understands his defects. He knowa his virtues. And if the negro re? sponds to the opportunities for im? provement as Booker T. Washington points them out. we can be sure that i ne will grow in the estimation of his j white fellow citizens of the south and ; that the great problem which has ! burdened the south will be largely ? solved. Disfranchisement Xot Unlawful. "The fifteenth amendment does not require that every negro should vote'. All that it requires is that he should not be excluded from voting because he is a negro, if he lacks educational qualifications, property qualifications or any other qualifications that the State may lawfully impose as a rule of eligibility- for its vot?rs, then he may be excluded.': provided that every one else who lacks similar qualifica? tions is equally excluded. The fifteenth amendment is merely intended to se? cure him in his political rights from* race discrimination by the States. It is not intended to give him affirma? tive privileges as a member of his race. Its strict enforcement does not involve an amalgamation of the races; has nothing to do with social associa? tions or equality. It does not in? volve so-called negro domination and Jto (permit the question at this late day, 40 years after the war, to con? trol the votes of intelligent men in respect to issues that are living, is to indicate the lack of sense of propor? tion, which, I cannot think, will con? tinue to manifest itself in the south. "If only under the influences of President Roosevelt's administration some of the southern States, including Kentucky, could be led into the Re? publican column in accordance with the real sympathies of the voters of those States, it would be a crowning glory of his administration. As as American citizen and lover of my country, I long for the time when the south shall be received again in the councils of the nation and when the people of that section shall resume the influence to which they are en? titled and which they deny them? selves by being frightened at a mere ghost of the past." On the question of greater congres? sional representation than the vote of the south seemed to warrant he found an injustice which he believed had been largely counter balanced by its tendency to drive northern voters into the Republican party. CHARLESTON STEAMSHIP LIXE. Xow Almost Certain That Line Will Bo Established by German Com? pany. Charleston, Aug. 22.-Charleston has a chance now ata steamship line from a Mediterranean port for im? migrants and freight, and the visit of Baron von Pilis to Charleston at the end of this week is looked forward to with interest. Baron von Pilis has a 12-months' leave from the North German Lloyd company, of which he is a director, and is now in America on several business missions, one of which is the establishment of a Hungarian bank in New York, and another, rf special interest in Charleston, is his project of establishing a new line of steam? ships from the Mediterranean sea to either Charleston or New Orleans, for the purpose of bringing immigrants into the south and carrying back cot? ton. lt has boen learned thst as a resuit of a conference in New York with Baron von Pilis by Mr. P. H. Gads? den of Charleston. Commissioner Wat? son of the South Carolina i m migra - tion department and Mr. McGowan, a representative of the Inman Co.. the prospects of getting this new Euro? pean lino into Charleston .are very, bright. Mr. Gadsden returned to the city this morning from New York. He seamed to think thst no serious ob? stacles stood in the way of getting that big line for this port. The ships which are to be built will he of large size, probably of greater capacity than the Wittekind, and they will be constructed for the immigrant and cotton business. Tl. is understood that Inman & Co. have agreed to guarantee ">0 per cent, of the ships* cargoes out of Charles? ton and there will be no great diffi? culty in securing the rest of the cargo for each trip among the smaller deal? ers. This is the opinion of a man in I touch with the business. Details like J the frequency of the ship-* visits here, their exact capacity, and so on, have not yet been given out. The Mediterranean ports will fur? nish all the Immigrants that may be desired. Italians. Austrians. Hunga? rians, all kinds, come from these ports. Baron von Pilis has on foot a project of forming a big company to j build up a business inti? the south. He is already in favor of Charleston and it is planned that his visit here will in t?o wise eh a turo his views. COTTON" WILT PEST. Farmers in Vicinity of Hagood Hav* ins Trouble With the Plant Dis* case. j The following letters will be of in? terest to farmers who have had trou* ! ble with cotton wilt, which has been i quite destructive in some portions of Sumter county: Peak, S. C., Aug. 22, 190?. Dear Sir: I enclose you a very im? portant letter from the department of agriculture. This cotton wilt has been especially destructive in portions of Orangeburg and Sumter counties, and has been under observation by the department for about three years? with the result that a wilt-resistant variety of cotton has been bred, and this seems to be the remedy against, the evil. The Hagood section of Sum? ter county has especially suffered am} several years* ago, I sent quite a quan? jtity of this wilt-resistant seed to farmers in that community with th* most satisfactory results. I will appr?cia ce your giving this, story such publicity as will make it most effective for those, interested. j? those who have these wftt infected lands. Very truly, "A. F. Lever? U. S. Department of Agriculture. Bureau of Plant Industry. Washington, Aug. 12, 1907. Hon. A.'F. Lever, Peak, S. C. Dear Mr. Lever: Since our letter of July the 23d, in regard to the out* break of the cotton disease at Ha? good, Sumter county, S. C., specimen? have been received from Br. M, S% Kirk of that place and I find the trou? ble to be the cotton wilt. I believe you are already quite well fccquainte$ wth our work on this \ disease. Mr, W. A. Orton of our labratory of plan* pathology has just returned from ^ trip to the south, and reports tha\ the disase resistant varieties now ing bred are showing up very well^ the percentage of resistance bein$ higher than ever, in fact, it is a rare exception for a plant to become dis? " eased from wilt execpt where tba ^ - -~>- . farmer has allowed the seed to be^ ! como mixed, or has planted them" fa a field badly infected with root-knot* ?We shall have more of this cotton to distribute next winter and will ar? range to supply your correspondent^ < at that time. i We find it more and more nee?*? jsary to urge upon the farmers tho necessity for a rotation of crops in combination with the use cf our re?, sistant seed. A great many fields are, affected by root-knot, which is in, most cases propagated on the roots of the common cowpea. It is therefor^ essential on wilt-infected lands the, use of the common cowpeas, such as speckled, black and unknown be dis- ? continued, and the iron pea or th* velvet bean substituted therefor. Be?, fore planting a resistant variety o{ cotton, the land should be put in oats4 followed by corn, or iron cowpeas for at least two years. Yours truly, A. F. Woo&*. Acting Chief of Eareau. ALABAMA KATE LAW. -:-' Federal Judge Urges Indictment ot State Officials Who Disobey His Or? ders. Chicago. Aug. 22.-A dispatch to The Tribune from Montgomery, Ala,, r says: . 4 "Gov. Comer, in a statement issued here last night, said he would give th? railroad companies until October 1 to comply with the recently enacted rate law. If they do not comply by that date, he says, he will cai! a special session of the legislature and urge tha enactment of even more drastic laws. "Gov. Comer's statements was tho result of instructions given to the fed? eral grand jury yesterday. Judge Thomas C. Jones urged the indict? ment of any county or State official who interferes in any way with tho injunction issued by his court nulli* fying the cheap rate law recently passed by the legislature. "Judge Jones* charge is an answef. to the threat of Gov. Comer that h$ would order State officials to enforce the law despite the federal injunction, Judge Jones calls the situation 'abofa* inable. 'uncalled for. and detrimental tb the welfare of Alabama ' " _;-^ "1 HAGOOD BASEBALL. Thc Local Team Defeated Branch in Last Game. Hagood. S. C.. Aug. 2,"..Lu a ?oud game of ball hore yesterday evon the locals defeated Long Branch by a score of 4 t<> 2: Long Branch scored <m a homo run. The ball was hit i*> the outfield, back of base, and e?ji lost in the grass. Before it could be found two men had ?crossed the plata. The feature of the game was doub)f piny by Sanders, F., unassisted