The watchman and southron. (Sumter, S.C.) 1881-1930, August 28, 1907, Image 1
?HE SOl'I'KH WATCHMAN", Established April, 1850.
CoBsoiidated ?ng. 2,1881.
Lil
?Be Just and Fear not>-^et all the ends Thou Aims't at he thy Country's, Thy God s and Truth's.'
SUMTER. S. 0 . WEDNESDAY. ATTO-UST 28. 1*07.
THE TRUE SOUTHRON, Established June, i???
New Series-Vol XXT1I. So&
I Published Every Wednesday,
Y s
-BY
OSTEEN PUBLISHING COMPANY.
SUMTER, S. a
Terms:
" $ 1.50 per annum-in advance.
Advertisements:
[ One Souare first insertion.$1.50
Every subsequent insertion.50
Contracts for three months, or
longer will be made at reduced rates.
AU communications which sub?
serve private interests will be charged
for as advertisements.
j Obituaries and tributes of respecta
will be charged for.
MR, TINDAL - COMMENDED,
CIAKE.YBOX FARMER'S XORX
YJJEUD PRAISED BY EXPERT.
The Method by Whicli His Prize Crop
Was Produced Explained at Great
Length, and His Achievement in
That Line is Characterized as Won?
derful.
Columbia, Aug. 18.-The -possibili?
ties of South Carolina soil and the
charcter of South Carolina intelli?
gence have received a world wide ad?
vertisement in the winning of the
American Agriculturist prize for the
f - best yield ot corn by Mr. A. J. Tindal,
of Claredon.
V A good deal has already been said
about this prize crop,, but a report on j
it has been made, which will be of
further interest. Prof. Thomas Shaw,
who is perhaps the world's most not?
ed grain expert, has made a full re?
view of the conditions under which
the crop was grown and his report
will be published by the American Ag?
riculturist this week. Prof. Shaw was
the chief of the judges who passed on
the competing crop yields.
Commissioner Watson, who has ta
ken a great deal of interest in this
matter, has secured the following con?
densed statement of Prof. Shaw's re?
port.'
"The acre of corn grown by. Mr.
Tindal produced a remarkable yield. |
It made him the winner of a $100
prize (not including States prizes).
The corn was grown on land possessed
of a cash value of $30 per acre. The
seil, rather ' low and naturally wet,
was humus in its composition, at
least, to a considerable extent, choco?
late in color, and was underlaid at
a depth of about two feet by mixed
gravel and pipe clay of a non-recept?
ive character.
"The soil was naturally enriched by
washing from the surrounding soil
and had also been highly fertilized
during the three previous years.' It
had in it one open and some branch
drsiins that were covered. In 1903
600 pounds of guano with a composi?
tion of 4.8.4, gave a return to 1,821
pounds of seed cotton. In 1904 600
pounds of 4.8.4 guano and 60 pounds
of nitrate of soda gave 132 bushels of
corn and 9 bushels of cowpeas. In
1905 600 pounds of guano. 100 pounds
of nitrate of soda and 30 pounds of
nitrate of potash gave a yield of 3,
912 pounds of seed cotton.
Planting the Corn.
"On April 5, 1906, the ground was j
ploughed to the depth of 14 inches j
and the same day was cross-ploughed ?
and subsoiled to the depth of* 20 j
inches, using a ten-inch turning !
plough, and the subsoil plough run in
everv furrow was homemade. 'Imme- j
V " j
diately after, the same day, a spring- j
tooth harrow was run over the acre j
to the depth of three inches, and also j
xa smoothing harrow. On April 16:
it was similarly harrowed and the :
harrow was at once followed by a '
smoothing harrow. On May 7 it was j
harrowed in precisely the same way
as on April IS.
"The fertilizer applied was as fol?
lows: 600 pounds of complete special
guano, containing 4 per cent, ammo- j
nia, S per cent, phosphoric acid and 4 :
per cent, potash; 500 pounds cotton
seed meal with a composition of 7.1 j
1-2 and ly 500 pounds of Peruvian j
guano with a composition of 8.8.5 and
2; and 400 pounds nitrate of soda
with IS per cent of ammonia. The
first three fertilizers were applied in
a furrow cn May 7. at the time of j
the planting of the corn, and the
fourth was given as a too dressing
on June 15. One man with mule and
plough opened the furrows and three j
men applied the dressing by hand, j
The cost of the fertilizers before ap
plication was $32.45 for the acre.
."The variety planted was tho Marl- |
boro Prolific, grown by tho owner, j
who in 1900 introduced the variety)
inro the neighborhood. The seed was j
planted in rows that were made with j
the shove1.. The kernel? were buried j
three inches deep in a wolf prepared j
soil, and one inch apart in the line of j
the row. The rows were 33 inches j
distant and 2S quarts of seed were
used, the germination of which was
considered perfect. The weather was
dry until June 10, and was then over
wet.
Financial Statement.
"Expenditures were:
Interest, on land at 6 per cent. $ 1.S0
Cost, of ploughing. 5.00
Cost of harrowing. 1.00
Other labor in preparing the
land.. ... 1.00
Cost of fertilizers.. 32.45
Cost of applying fertilizers. .. 1.00
Cost of seed. 50
Cost of cultivating. 2.50
Cost of other work. 1.5C
Cost of harvesting. 9.SO
Total.$ 56.55
'.Receipts were:
1S2 bushels corn at $2.$364.00
3 tons stover at $6. 13.00
4,100 pounds fodder at $20 per
ton. 41.00
Total receipts.. ,.$423.00
Xet profit.$366.45
"On May 16 a weeder was run over
the corn to the depth of two inches.
It was cultivated May 22 and June 2,
with 16-inch sweeps running to the
depth of about one inch. On May
30 the crop was thinned by hand to
the distance of four to six inches be?
tween the plants and weeds were re?
moved. One day with three men was
occupied in the hand work.
"On August 27 the tops were cut
off and the fodder stripped from the
ear down. On November 30 the crop
was harvested by plucking the ears.
The same day the stubs of the stalks
were cut by hand and shredded. The
yield of the corn was 182 bushels,
giving an average of 86 per cent of
corn to cob.
Comments on the crop.
"The profit of $366.45 seems large,
indeed, from, one acre of land, but it
will be noticed that in reaching it
the entire crop is valued at $2 per
bushel, on the assumptinon that it
will make good seed. For that pur?
pose 48 bushels had been sold when
the manual was filled out in the au?
tumn of IS06, the fodder, which. I
understand, means the tops and
leaves, is valued a.t 20 per ton.
"To a northern man this seems a
very large . valuation. But suppose
the entire 'crop is valued at 50 cents
per bushel for feding and the straw
and fodder together at $5 per ton.
These would be worth the figures in
any part of the United States; the net
profit from the acre would still be
$44.45, or considerably more than the
land is worth. In my judgment, the
State of South Carolina should give
Mr. Tindal a medal for what he has
done. His achievement- is simply won?
derful, and the lessons from it are
many. They include the following:
"He has brought into bold relief
the wisdom of keeping land in a high
state of fertilization, as in 1903-'04
'05 h^ got good returns from high
fertilization.
"He has demonstrated the great
value of deep and thorough cultiva?
tion in southern soils when preparing
them, and ot pulverizing finely be?
fore planting.
"He has shown that a farmer must
not be afraid to put on a little hand
labor when growing crops that will
be benefitted by it.
"He has made it clear that to ob?
tain maximum yields of corn the
stand must not be thin or irregular.
His crop was grown more closely than
! corn is usually grown, but, of course,
on some soils it may be necessary to
j plant somewhat more distant.
"He has shown that in the south a
prised me more than the high value
! him more than his land is worth, and
yet make a good return for the in
; vestment.
"He has demonstrated that a south?
ern farmer may make enormous pro
! fits fr^m growing seed corn.
"Finally he has shown that in these
! United States we are only in the A.
i B. C. of possible production of
grain?.
Value of Fodders in the South.
Prof. Shaw in a separate artiele.bas
' the following to say:
"Xo feature of the reports has sur
prised me mette thn the high value
put upon the corn fodder by contest?
ants living in the south. Mr. A. J.
Tinda!, for instance, of Manning, S.
C.. had his corn cut down to the ears
and the fodder stripped off. The
weight thus obtained from an aero,
presumably cured, was 4.100 pounds.
This he valued in his report at $2?> per
ton. The corn fodder, presumably the
lower part of the stalk, was shredded.
Three tons were obtained and {his
was valued at $6 per ton. Th<-se facts
speak ioudly as to the great difference
in the estimate r?f th** value put upon
com fodder in the south and in the
corn belt, where millions of acres go j
back every year to earth ungathered.
It would seem scarcely possible that
such a difference could exist in the
same country.
"That millions and millions of acres
of this product should go to waste ev?
ery year in the United States must
appear strange to the foreigner. That
so much should be wasted is indeed a
stigma upon our agriculture, but it is
a stigma that yields it ground very
slowly. One acre of corn stover prop?
erly cured and fed is worth as much
on the average as one acre of timothy
hay. The food thus grown on 1,000,
000 acres of corn in the stover is
worth as much as the food grown on
1,000,000 acres of timothy hay. The
waste of 1,000,000 acres of com fod?
der is therefore equal to the waste of
1,000,000 acres of timothy hay.
"It may be answered that live stock
get some of the fodedr while grazing
in the fields. They do, but more of
it they do not get, and all of what
they get is impaired in quality."
A Fine Advertisement.
In the opinion of Commissioner
Watson this record is more notewor?
thy than Drake's, for it has bee al?
ways understood that Capt. Drake
expended more in obtaining his yield
than he received in prizes, while the
crop of Mr. Tindal shows a profit
without taking into account the prize
received.
-x. In speaking of this matter today,
Mr. Watson remarked that he consid?
ered this one of the finest advertise?
ments of South Carolina's crop re?
sources that could have been obtain?
ed, but further than this it is a dem?
onstration of the class cf work Clem?
son College is doing in training sci?
entific farmers. Mr. Tindal, the
young man who won this prize, is a
graduate of Clemson College, being
a son of the late Hon. J. E. Tindal, of
Clarendon. His report to the cornai
mittee of judges was a model for its
intelligent statement of the cultiva?
tion of the crop, every step being ac?
counted for most fully. In the Drake
contest the report was incomplete, or
at least not as satisfactorily complete as
the report made by Mr. Tindal, who
brings to the growing of crops not
only a practical and theoretical knowl?
edge of agriculture, but the trained
mind of a college graduate and the
abrl?ty to explain his' methods.
Commissioner Watson will soon is?
sue his handbook showing the devel?
opment of agriculture and industries
in this State on all lines, and in talk?
ing of the matter today he said that
one of the most remarkable features
of this development is that of the
water powers of thc State. In the
report made in 1905 by the United
States census bureau it was stated
that the water powers in South Car?
olina at that time developed repre?
sented 31,000, while the reports made
to Mr. Watson this year show a de?
velopment of 61,000 horse-power,
much of which is being used in the
driving of cotton mills.
COLUMBIA DRUGGISTS INDICTED
Efforts to Break Up Illegal Sale of
Cocaine Begun hy the Board of
Health.
Columbia, Aug. 22.-Warrants will
be sworn out for the arrest of Colum?
bia druggists who are charged with
violation of the State law against
selling cocaine.
At a meeting of thc executive com?
mittee of the board of health this af?
ternoon, members of the executive
committee of the Law and Order
League and Coroner Walker and Of?
ficer Becom appeared and stated that
it was desired that, upon evidence ob?
tained, prosecutions of certain Co
I lumbia druggists should be made.
The board of health, while holding
that the matter comes within its ju?
risdiction only so far as the health of
the community is concerned, still is
willing t<* lend all possible aid t .
j breaking up the cocaine habit, which
has grown at an alarming rate in this
city. The officers present, after a
consultation, decided that a warrant
j should fte sworn out on the evidence
?obtained from several witnesses that
certain druggists have been violating
the law.
Fin.il Action toVbe Taken ?ii Matter
ol' Shutting Down Mills.
I Norfolk, Va.. Aug. 23.-Th.- North
Carolina Pine Association, controlling
all tile leading* lumber mills in North
and South Carolina. Virginia and
Eastern Maryland. which discussed
here without action, early in August.
th.- question of a curtailment of the
lumber output by the closing down
of tlie mills of the association, lias
I been called to meet at Wilmington. X.
j.C., September 4, for final action in the
mailer.
st. Petersburg. Aug. 26;-CoL Ivan
hoff. governor of Viebcrg prison. w;is
assassinated today while walking on
a street in St. Petersburg. His assas?
sin was arrested.
ROOSEVELT'S CANDIDATE OPEN'S
KENTUCKY REPUBLICAN
CAMPAIGN.
Wants the Southern Democrats to
Forget the Negro and Join the Re?
publican Ranks-Believes Disfran?
chisement Laws Rijlit
Lexington, Ky., Mig. 22.-Secretary
of War Taft today opened the Repub?
lican State Campaign with a discus?
sion of the race problem, general po?
litical issues from the southern stand?
point and an appeal to Kentuckians
to aid the Republican party in support,
of those principles. Calling attention
to what he called the south's lack of
representation in the councils of the
nation, he declared that this was "be?
cause one single issue has made it
the perpetual tail of the Democratic
party, so that however small the
northern head, it wags that tail. The
south has permitted the shadow of
an issue that circumstances ought long
ago to'have removed to bind it to the
Democratic party no matter what
principles or candidate that party
adopts."
He called attention to the prosperi?
ty of Kentucky's industries and agri?
culture and expressed the belief that
many Kentuckians who favored a
protective tariff had blindly voted the
Democratic ticket because of feeling
on the race issue.
Then taking up the race question,
he said:
"I know that the discussion by a
northern man of the question is apt
to rouse from the southern Democrat
th* objection that he does not under?
stand the question; that he does not
know the difficulties of it, and that if
he cannot take it up with sympathy,
with the attitude of the white man of
the south, he had better not take it
up at -all. On the other hand, he is
liable to encounter the criticism of
the colored man, who, with a natural
sensitiveness, remembering the wrongs
and oppression to which their race
has been subjected, resents any atti
tude.. wjiich does not involve condem?
nation of the southern white man or
which manifests the slightest consid?
eration for his view. I am not pessi?
mistic with respect to race question.
I am convinced that it is working it?
self out and I am convinced 'that
nothing has so much contributed to
its gradual solution as the thirteenth,
fourteenth and fifteenth amend?
ments."
Criminal Class of Negroes Small.
He continued:
"I shall not stop to give you the sta?
tistics showing the great progress
that has been made by the negro race
in the south. We are apt to forget
this real improvement in the diatribes
that we occasionally hear from the
men who lack sympathy with the
progress of the colored race and who
denounce the entire race on account j
of a comparatively small criminal
class that forms the dregs of the
southern population."
After mentioning the various
means of disfranchising voters and
declaring that such laws are proper
if applied with equal fairness to both
white and black, he expressed the
hope that as the colored citizens, un?
der the leadership of such men as
Booker T. Washington, would "be?
come respected business members of
the communities in which they live
and when, they exercise independence
of judgment in respect to political is?
sues, we may be sure that gradually
the right to vote will be accorded
them and they will exercise a far
more useful influence as intelligent
ar i solid members of the community
than the ignorant members of their
race would have exercised, had they
been allowed to vote.
Neuro is Necessary to the South.
"In this way, through devious ways
which cannot be justified or approved,
we may still reach a result that will
square with the requirements of the
federal constitution and will give to
the negro every political and econom?
ic right. The negro is necessary to ?
the south as a laborer-skilled and
unskilled. Thr world over today there
is a demand for labor and were the
negro to he withdrawn from the
south the difficulties under which ag
riculture would labor can hardly be
overstated.
"The negro is 'm American. H.- has
no other country than this, and called
up.?TI to defend it. he lays down his
!.:'.. with the same freedom that the
white man sacrifices his. Ours is the
flag he loves-the only one he knows.
Ii is our duty t<- see to it that his
path is made as easy as possible, and
thai his progress is as incessant as
proper encouragement can make it.
His best friend-the one that can d?>
most for him and the one in many re?
spects who sympathizes with him
most-is the southern white man. He
understands his defects. He knowa
his virtues. And if the negro re?
sponds to the opportunities for im?
provement as Booker T. Washington
points them out. we can be sure that
i ne will grow in the estimation of his
j white fellow citizens of the south and
; that the great problem which has
! burdened the south will be largely
? solved.
Disfranchisement Xot Unlawful.
"The fifteenth amendment does not
require that every negro should vote'.
All that it requires is that he should
not be excluded from voting because
he is a negro, if he lacks educational
qualifications, property qualifications
or any other qualifications that the
State may lawfully impose as a rule
of eligibility- for its vot?rs, then he
may be excluded.': provided that every
one else who lacks similar qualifica?
tions is equally excluded. The fifteenth
amendment is merely intended to se?
cure him in his political rights from*
race discrimination by the States. It
is not intended to give him affirma?
tive privileges as a member of his
race. Its strict enforcement does not
involve an amalgamation of the races;
has nothing to do with social associa?
tions or equality. It does not in?
volve so-called negro domination and
Jto (permit the question at this late
day, 40 years after the war, to con?
trol the votes of intelligent men in
respect to issues that are living, is to
indicate the lack of sense of propor?
tion, which, I cannot think, will con?
tinue to manifest itself in the south.
"If only under the influences of
President Roosevelt's administration
some of the southern States, including
Kentucky, could be led into the Re?
publican column in accordance with
the real sympathies of the voters of
those States, it would be a crowning
glory of his administration. As as
American citizen and lover of my
country, I long for the time when the
south shall be received again in the
councils of the nation and when the
people of that section shall resume
the influence to which they are en?
titled and which they deny them?
selves by being frightened at a mere
ghost of the past."
On the question of greater congres?
sional representation than the vote
of the south seemed to warrant he
found an injustice which he believed
had been largely counter balanced by
its tendency to drive northern voters
into the Republican party.
CHARLESTON STEAMSHIP LIXE.
Xow Almost Certain That Line Will
Bo Established by German Com?
pany.
Charleston, Aug. 22.-Charleston
has a chance now ata steamship line
from a Mediterranean port for im?
migrants and freight, and the visit of
Baron von Pilis to Charleston at the
end of this week is looked forward to
with interest.
Baron von Pilis has a 12-months'
leave from the North German Lloyd
company, of which he is a director,
and is now in America on several
business missions, one of which is the
establishment of a Hungarian bank
in New York, and another, rf special
interest in Charleston, is his project
of establishing a new line of steam?
ships from the Mediterranean sea to
either Charleston or New Orleans, for
the purpose of bringing immigrants
into the south and carrying back cot?
ton.
lt has boen learned thst as a resuit
of a conference in New York with
Baron von Pilis by Mr. P. H. Gads?
den of Charleston. Commissioner Wat?
son of the South Carolina i m migra -
tion department and Mr. McGowan,
a representative of the Inman Co.. the
prospects of getting this new Euro?
pean lino into Charleston .are very,
bright.
Mr. Gadsden returned to the city
this morning from New York. He
seamed to think thst no serious ob?
stacles stood in the way of getting
that big line for this port. The ships
which are to be built will he of large
size, probably of greater capacity
than the Wittekind, and they will be
constructed for the immigrant and
cotton business.
Tl. is understood that Inman & Co.
have agreed to guarantee ">0 per cent,
of the ships* cargoes out of Charles?
ton and there will be no great diffi?
culty in securing the rest of the cargo
for each trip among the smaller deal?
ers. This is the opinion of a man in I
touch with the business. Details like J
the frequency of the ship-* visits here,
their exact capacity, and so on, have
not yet been given out.
The Mediterranean ports will fur?
nish all the Immigrants that may be
desired. Italians. Austrians. Hunga?
rians, all kinds, come from these
ports. Baron von Pilis has on foot a
project of forming a big company to j
build up a business inti? the south. He
is already in favor of Charleston and
it is planned that his visit here will
in t?o wise eh a turo his views.
COTTON" WILT PEST.
Farmers in Vicinity of Hagood Hav*
ins Trouble With the Plant Dis*
case.
j The following letters will be of in?
terest to farmers who have had trou*
! ble with cotton wilt, which has been
i
quite destructive in some portions of
Sumter county:
Peak, S. C., Aug. 22, 190?.
Dear Sir: I enclose you a very im?
portant letter from the department
of agriculture. This cotton wilt has
been especially destructive in portions
of Orangeburg and Sumter counties,
and has been under observation by
the department for about three years?
with the result that a wilt-resistant
variety of cotton has been bred, and
this seems to be the remedy against,
the evil. The Hagood section of Sum?
ter county has especially suffered am}
several years* ago, I sent quite a quan?
jtity of this wilt-resistant seed to
farmers in that community with th*
most satisfactory results.
I will appr?cia ce your giving this,
story such publicity as will make it
most effective for those, interested.
j? those who have these wftt infected
lands. Very truly,
"A. F. Lever?
U. S. Department of Agriculture.
Bureau of Plant Industry.
Washington, Aug. 12, 1907.
Hon. A.'F. Lever, Peak, S. C.
Dear Mr. Lever: Since our letter of
July the 23d, in regard to the out*
break of the cotton disease at Ha?
good, Sumter county, S. C., specimen?
have been received from Br. M, S%
Kirk of that place and I find the trou?
ble to be the cotton wilt. I believe
you are already quite well fccquainte$
wth our work on this \ disease. Mr,
W. A. Orton of our labratory of plan*
pathology has just returned from ^
trip to the south, and reports tha\
the disase resistant varieties now
ing bred are showing up very well^
the percentage of resistance bein$
higher than ever, in fact, it is a rare
exception for a plant to become dis? "
eased from wilt execpt where tba
^ - -~>- .
farmer has allowed the seed to be^
! como mixed, or has planted them" fa
a field badly infected with root-knot*
?We shall have more of this cotton to
distribute next winter and will ar?
range to supply your correspondent^
< at that time.
i We find it more and more nee?*?
jsary to urge upon the farmers tho
necessity for a rotation of crops in
combination with the use cf our re?,
sistant seed. A great many fields are,
affected by root-knot, which is in,
most cases propagated on the roots of
the common cowpea. It is therefor^
essential on wilt-infected lands the,
use of the common cowpeas, such as
speckled, black and unknown be dis- ?
continued, and the iron pea or th*
velvet bean substituted therefor. Be?,
fore planting a resistant variety o{
cotton, the land should be put in oats4
followed by corn, or iron cowpeas for
at least two years. Yours truly,
A. F. Woo&*.
Acting Chief of Eareau.
ALABAMA KATE LAW.
-:-'
Federal Judge Urges Indictment ot
State Officials Who Disobey His Or?
ders.
Chicago. Aug. 22.-A dispatch to
The Tribune from Montgomery, Ala,,
r
says: . 4
"Gov. Comer, in a statement issued
here last night, said he would give th?
railroad companies until October 1 to
comply with the recently enacted rate
law. If they do not comply by that
date, he says, he will cai! a special
session of the legislature and urge tha
enactment of even more drastic laws.
"Gov. Comer's statements was tho
result of instructions given to the fed?
eral grand jury yesterday. Judge
Thomas C. Jones urged the indict?
ment of any county or State official
who interferes in any way with tho
injunction issued by his court nulli*
fying the cheap rate law recently
passed by the legislature.
"Judge Jones* charge is an answef.
to the threat of Gov. Comer that h$
would order State officials to enforce
the law despite the federal injunction,
Judge Jones calls the situation 'abofa*
inable. 'uncalled for. and detrimental
tb the welfare of Alabama ' "
_;-^ "1
HAGOOD BASEBALL.
Thc Local Team Defeated
Branch in Last Game.
Hagood. S. C.. Aug. 2,"..Lu a ?oud
game of ball hore yesterday evon
the locals defeated Long Branch by
a score of 4 t<> 2: Long Branch scored
<m a homo run. The ball was hit i*>
the outfield, back of base, and e?ji
lost in the grass. Before it could be
found two men had ?crossed the plata.
The feature of the game was doub)f
piny by Sanders, F., unassisted