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TILE MONUMENT UNVEILED. vContinued From Page Two. r . very serious condition of unrest and disaffection to the revolutionary ad? ministration and its measures, which existed in the upper and back coun? try. "The commission left Charles Town . early in August, 1775, and on August 7 addressed a communication to the council of safety from the Congaree store, near Granby, in which they say: " 'We have consulted with Col. Richardson" (Col. Richard Richard? son, colonel of the Camden regiment of militia) 'touching Mr. Sumter's application to the council. The colo? nel readily approved not only the measure, but the man, notwithstand? ing Kirkland' (a dissatisfied Tory. ^ who had been a Whig) 'recommended him as his successor in the company of rangers, which he has so treacher? ously quitted and attempted to dis? band. The colonel, nevertheless, from his seeming connection with Kirkland, proposes to keep a sharp eye upon Mr. Sumter's conduct.' "To this the council of safety re, plied on the loth of August, 1775: " 'We think it best to postpone the consideration of a military appoint? ment for Mr. Sumter until your re ? turn, or till we more clearly under P stand what duty he proposes to take upon himself and upon what consid? eration.' "The council, however, later made ?he appointment,* fo^ we find him in ; November, 1775, holding the office of captain in Col. Wm. Thompson's reg? iment of rangers. "The position of affairs in the back country had become so threatening in November, 1775, that Col. Richard Richardson had been ordered to march to the assistance of Maj. An? drew Williamson, who was then ac tuaily besieged at Ninety-Six by the Tory insurgents. Col. Richardson was in command of the army, which, in addition to his own regiment and oth? er bodies of militia, included Col. Wm. Thomson's regiment of rangers. This advance of Col. Richardson was entirely successful. All armed oppo? sition was put down, the insurrection crushed and the daders of the insur? gents taken, while their followers were largely disarmed. The campaign was carried on under circumstances of uncommon exposure and hardship- so as to give it the name of the 'snow campaign,' but so successful was the result that the provincial congress in March. 1776, presented their thanks to Col. Richardson, and the officers and men under his command, for che important and signal services they had ; rendered. On thiscampaign CVpt. Thomas Sumter of the regiment of rangers was constituted by Col. Rich? ardson adjutant general, and Maj. Jo? seph Kershaw was appointed major of brigades, commissary general and treasurer. " 'All .of which appointments (says Drayton in his memoirs) 'were conducted and filled by the two above-named officers in a manner highly honorable to themselves. - and advantageously for the public ser? vice.' Members of Second Provincial -Con' gress. "A new election had been held for members of the provincial congress in August. 1775, and Thomas Sumter was again elected a delegate from the district eastward of Wateree riv? er-thus becoming a member of the second provincial congress. This provincial congress met in November, 1775. and one of its acts was to raise , a regiment of artillery, constituting the fourth regular regiment in the service of the revolutionary govern? ment. "The provincial congress adjourned on the 30th Xovember, 1775, to meet again on the 1st February. 1776. hav? ing elected a new council of safety. with powers still more enlarged than j the former. The provincial congress having reassembled on the 1st. Febru? ary. 1776. on the 22d February aug? mented their military establishment . by raising two ri?e regiments-thus making a total of six regiments in the regular military establishmbent. Thomas Sumter was appointed lieu? tenant colonel commandant nf the second of these regiments, bein? the sixth regiment in order of the whole. At the same time William Henderson was appointed major of this second regiment of riflemen. On March 26, this second provin? cial congress, of which Sumter was a member as a de!egate,from the dis? trict east of the Wateree river, re solved itself ito the general assembly of the State and adopted a full form of government-executive, legislative and judicial-and elected a president, council, judges and other proper offi? cers to carry on the government, and. after providing for the election of a general assembly to be held in Octo? ber, 1776, adjourned <?n the nth April, 1776. Battle of Fort Moultrie. The attack on Charles Town in June. 1776, found Sumter with his regiment as part of the defensive force in the city. While Col. William Moultrie, of the Second regiment was in command of the fort <>n Sullivan's Island, which became the nhject of the British attack. Col. Thomson of the Third regiment was placed command of a force on the ea: end of the island to hold that pa: the island and prevent Sir ii Clinton, who was with a large ] ish force on Long- Island (now c< the Isle of Palms), from crossing to Sullivan's Island. Col. Sumter pears to have been stationed along mainland, from Haddrell's Point ( Mount Pleasant) towards Long and to repel any attempted eros of the enemy from Long Island the mainland. Of the force so tioned. with the detachments f other regiments, he seems to 1 been in command. '-'As the conflict that took p on the 28th June. 1776. was eonfi to the attack by the fleet on 1 Moultrie, and the skirmish betw Col. Thomson's force and the en< on Long Island, Col. Sumter had active part in it. "In August. 1776. Gen. Charles undertook and expedition to I Florida with the expectation of e? ly taking possession of St. August He was allowed the assistance of military establishment of South Ca lina. Detachments from the f first regiments accompanied 'him the 11th August. 1776. The remain of ' '-oops, including Sumter's r< n u. followed. The expedition r proceed beyond Savannah. Th Gen. Lee received, in September, express. calling him northwa whither he departed at once, expr? ing before he left his high sense the conduct: and behavior of the c cers of the South Carolina troo These troops suff' ed terribly fr< sickness incurred .ii .the expedition Georgia, whence thei- were gradua withdrawn. A Continental Officer. "In June and July, 1776, the Con nental congress passed a resolution take upon the continental military i tablishment all troops upon the n ular establishments of the coloni In pursuance of this action of co gress the general assembly of Sov Carolina on 20th September, 17' transferred to the continental esta lishment the six regiments of provi cia! regulars. This included C Sumter's regiment. All the officers these regiments exchanged their coi missions hitherto held from the pr vince for commissions in the con nental service of the same grade e tering the continental line as youn est officers of their respective rani Sumter, therefore, became a colon in the continental service, his commi sion ranking as of that date. "E>\ajctly when Sumter had recei ed his commission as colonel does n appear. He was originally, in Fel mary. 1776, appointed lieutenant ce one! of the Sixth regiment. There no distinct mention of his appoin ment as colonel, but. inasmuch as i the orders of the time designatir him to sit on courtmartials and refe: ring to him for other duties, refer 1 him as Col. Sumter-and these refe: enees are in the military order bool of the time, and must be presumed t denote rank and precedence with mi itary exactness, there can be no dou? he had received his commission. "At the same time there is mentior ed Lieut. Col. Henderson, of th Sixth regiment. If Henderson, wh had been originally appointed majo: was later lieutenant colonel. Sumte: who commanded the same regimen was evidently colonel. "On the 26th September, 177? Francis Marion, then major % of th Second regiment, received his com mission as lieutenant colonel of tha regiment. "Sumter > therefore, ranked Marioi by seniority of promotion in t.ie con tinenta! line. Neither of them eve received any higher rank in the con tinenta! service. "In 1777 the command of the troop; in South Carolina, after the departun of Gen. Lee and Gen. James Moore devolved upon Gen. Robert Howe who, upon information that the ene? my were about to invade Georgia went off to Savannah, where he wa: followed by a strong detachment ol the continental troops in South Caro? lina, and Gen. Sumter, with his regi? ment, must have been part of it, as in March. 1777. his regiment was in j Savannah, whence they returned some ; time in June. "In December, 1777. Sumter was in Charles Town, as on the 13th De? cember he sat as a member of a coun? cil of war to pass upon the question whether detachments from the conti? nental regiments could with propriety be sent on the proposed expedition. In the names of the officers composing the council he is styled 'Col. Sump ter," whereas Elliot and Marion, who were also rre-mbers, are styled 'lieu? tenant Colonel.' In Active Service Until 1778. "Sumter seems to have continued with his re?rim*-i7t on service in and around Charles Town, for his regi? ment and himself are mentioned un? til April. 177^. in the order books of the First regiment, which have been published, .ind in Moultrie*? 1 iters. The last reference we have to him at this period ii in a letter from Cen. Moultrie to Gen. Howe, .lated April ]<>, 177v whet'in Sumter's regiment is mentioned as hoing in Charles Town. The or 1er book of the First. re?imen1 refers to his regiment as in I : Charles Town 5th February From that date until after the Charles Town in 17SO we find n tion of bim in military service, not mentioned in any of the r operations during the last h '177s. or in 1770, or the first 1 17S0. '.The late Gen. Wilmot G. I sure prepared a list of the na the officers who served in the Carolina regiment on the Cont establishment. This list was ] by order of the legislature of Carolina in 1S86, and republis the Year Book of the city of Cl ton for 1893. In this list it is that he resigned on Septemb 1778. No authority for this ment is given. The list gives hi as lieutenant colonel of the Sixt iment. which fs evidently a m as he was a full colonel. McCr; his history states that dornest fliction having come upon him loss of all his children but on inactivity of the service at the induced him to resign in Septe 1777. "However all this may be. in ruary, 1780, the Continental co: resolved to reduce the five ind regiments in the establishmer South Carolina to three. The five iments before known, respective the First. Second. Third. Fifth Sixth, were combined and redue three, and the officers named Col. C. C. Pinckney to the Lieut. Col. Marion to the Second Colt Thomson to the Third, with derson as lieutenant colonel of Third. British Overrun South Carolin "On the 12th April," 1780, I Col. Tarleton at the head of the? ish cavalry, surprised and practi destroyed the American cavalry-, manded by Gen. Huger, ' at Mo: Corner. On 12th May the cit Charles Town had been surrenc to the British, under Sir Henry ' ton, carrying with this surrender entire regular American army South Carolina. On the 6th : Tarleton had again surprised and feated the remnants' of the Amer cavalry at Lenud's ferry', on the tee. The only organized bod American troops left in South C lina, was a force of about 350* Cc nentals, under Col. Buford of Vir ia. who. after the fall of Chi Town, was in full retreat tow; North Carolina. Tarleton pur: him with great celerity-came with him at Waxhaws, in -what now Lancaster county, and, altho having a much inferior force, atti ed at once and practically destro Buford's entire force-Tarlet troops refusing quarter, and conti ing the massacre after surrender i way that gave proverbial force to term' 'Tarleton's quarters.' "The effect of this succession of feats was to practically termir. armed resistance in South Cared: The entire State lay. as it seen prostrate and helpless at the me of the enemy. "On the 4th June, 1780, Sir He Clinton wrot? from his headquart in Charles Town that he could ass that there were few men in Soi Carolina who were not either his pi oners or in arms with him. "This was true. Every confinen organization had been captured dispersed. The militia were stunr and despondent at home, awaiti each man to see what would be t next step. The only armed men field were the British troops a their Tory sympathizers, who n< gathered, organized and began to ; sert themselves. It was the t low? ebb of the tide. British Burn Sumter's Home. "In his pursuit Of" Buford Tarlet passed through Clearmont, now t region around Stateburg, in Sumt county. In his pasage the Britt went to the plantation of Sumt and burned his house, turning Y family out of doors. In the prefa to some verses on Sumter, publish* in the Charleston Courier on 14 November, 186M, the writer stat that Gen. Sumter was aroused fro sleep by his servants on the approac of the British and took shelter in thicket, within a few hundred yarc of his family mansion, and from th; place he saw his family expelled froi the dwelling, which was then set o fire and destroyed. "McCrady, in his history, says h left his house a few hours befor Tarleton reached his plantation an escaped into North Carolina. an that Tarleton, on reaching Sumter' plantation and finding he was gone burnt his house. Sumter Begins Organized Resistance i "Buford's force had been destroye< on tlie 26th Many. 1780. Within than two months then-after, viz, abou th?- middle of July. Sumter returnee from North Carolina and establisher a camp on ("lem's creek, in what i? now Lancaster county. This cami represented the first organized fore in the St,-.t.- formed after Buford's de ft-;ii There bad preceded it conflicts between Whigs and Tories, but these had been conflicts between parties gathered, so to say, for th*- occasion and which dispersed wh?-n the occa sion was over. Sumter** en mp repr< - sented an attempt tp create a contin uing bods on the basis of a military Organization. He held at this tir apparently, no commission wh: gave him any legal right to C"iu the organization so effected by hi His men were, like himself, only v unteers. Their organization was pu: ly volutarily and equally so was th selection of Sumter as a leader, was the recognition of the capabil and not of any legal right. After t formation of this camp it was r long before the number of Sumte command was swelied by the ace* sion of Whigs from all parts-so ti? ne soon had nearly 500 men une his command. Of . stores, suppli arms and ammunition they were first nearly destitute. "Says Moultrie in his memoii .They sometimes began an action wi '''not more than three rounds per ma and were obliged to wait to be su plied with more by the fall of th< friends or enemies in battle. Wh they proved victorious they suppli themselves with arms and ammur tion from the killed and wounded.' "And Ramsay states with mo particularity: j " 'His followers were in a ^rre measure unfurnished with arms ai ammunition, and they had no mag zincs from which they might draw supply. The iron tools on the neig boring farms were worked up f their use by common hlacksmiths in rude weapons of war. They suppli? themselves in. part with bullets 1 melting the pewter with which th< were furnished by private housekee] ers. They sometimes came to -batt when they had not three rounds man and some were obliged to kee at a distance ?ill by the fail of ethe they were supplied with arms. Wh? they proved victorious they wei obliged to rifle the dead and wounde of their arms and ammunition 1 equip them for their next engag< ment. At the head of these volui teers Col. Sumter penetrated inl South Carolina and recommenced military opposition to the British, a; ter it had been suspended for aboi six weeks.' - "This initiation of organized resis' ance was made at a time when th inhabitants of the State had genei ally abandoned all idea and effort c Il further armed -opposition; and t Sumter is due the credit. Huck's Defeat. "Action soon followed organizatioi "The- British had established a mil itary station at Rocky Mountain, i what is now Lancaster county. Th commandant at this post sent Cap Christain Huck-the notorious Cap Huck-to repair among the Torie the consequences of the dispersal ?: a party of them shortly before a Fishing creok. Huck commanded 3 dragoons of Tarleton.'s legion, 2 mounted infantry of the New Tor volunteers and about 6<J Tory nativ militia. He was, therefore, ?in com mand of a force of regular Britis soldiers in addition to militia. Hue: in his progress destroyed the forage furnace and mill at Hill's iron work! and advanced, destroying the countr; and committing offensive outrages o: inoffensive inhabitants until, on th 12th July, he had taken post at Wil liamson's plantation, in York county Here in the early morning Huck wa attacked by a detachment of volun teers from Sumter's camp and, afte* a short engagement. Huck was kil'e< and his command entirely dispersed The British lost between 30 and 4-i killed and 50 wounded. The Amer: can's lost une man killed. "The effect upon the representative: great. It has been well characterize? as me of the turning points in th? Revolution. It was the first succ?s: gained over the royal forces sinc( their landing for investment at Char l.-s Town. It was-a success won b> an enemy composed in part at leas of regular British troops. Its resul was to reinforce Sumter's force b> GOO additional men. "The effect upin the representatives of the royal cause was equally great They had considered the State practi? cally conquered, and armed resistance at an end. From this pleasant dream the fight at Williamson's and the death of Capt. Huck awakened them. "They found themselves faced by an army-although small-in organ? ized shape and led by commanders who were evidently in earnest and knew their business. ' Among the British commanders who had asserted in their official dis? patches that the inhabitants from ev? ery quarter had declared their alle? giance to the king and that there were few men in South Carolina that were not either prisoners or in arms for the king, this unlooked for im? pediment of a military force in arms against the king, which had actually defeated and dispersed a force com? posed in part of regular British troops, flushed with continuous suc? cess-in short this impediment, nam? ed Thomas Sumter, 'roused all the passions, which disappointed ambi? tion can inspire.' They were 'over? whelmed with astonishment and r?? 1 - ed with indignation.' "Sumter- -essentially a leader of action--did rm; long remain quies cent. Or. the 1st August, 1780, he made a spirited attack upon the British intrenched post at Rocky Mount. The post wa? t<-.> str-me to be carried without artillery and Sum ter's assault was repulsed. Fight at Hanging Hock-. "A few days later, on the 6th gust. 1780, lie attacked the gan at Hanging Rock. That garrison sisted of 5o0 men, consisting of infantry of Tarleton's legion. Prince of Wales' American regin part of Col. Browne's corps of vincials and Coi. Bryan's Xorth C lina loyalists. Tho whole was u the command of Maj. Carden, of Prince of Wales' regiment. The tacking force numbered about The result of the action was not 1 elusive. The British camp was ti and plundered, but the Amer force finally withdrew, leaving field in possession of the Bri: whose loss exceeded that of the tacking forces. "Within the space of a month command under Sumter had three engagements with British ] ular troops, and in each case Americans had been the attach party. "While these operation of Sun -contemporaneously with similar erations. but on a smaller scale. other partizan leaders-were in pr ress, an army was on its way fi the northward to assist the ha pressejd American forces in the sot This army consisted of about 2. continental soldiers, composed of r< ments from the Maryland and Dt ware line, and were under the co mand of Gen. De Kalb, but on 23th July De Kalb was superseded his command by Gen '-ioratio Gai the so-called hero of Saratoga. G Gates, with- additional reinforcemei crossed the South Carolina line on 4th August, and. having form?e junction with the Xorth Carolina 1 Iitia under Gov Caswell, pressed do towards Camden, where the Brit army lay. There Lord Cornwallis h taken command and was present person. Sumter, who, with the fo: under him. had reached Gates, hes . that a large convoy, with clochi and stores for the British army Camden, was on its way to that po by the road between McCord's fer on the Congaree, and the ferry OT the Wateree. about a mil? from Ca: den. He proposed to Gates that should intercept this convoy. Ga assented and sent to join him in t attack on the convoy a detachment : 400 continental regulars, with t\ brass field pieces. "Sumter's attack was made on t 15th August and was wholly succe: ful. The entire convoy and its gua were captured, and Sumter, with 1 prizes and prisoners in his possessif commenced his retreat up the we: ern side of the Wateree river. "Gates, without waiting for Sui ter's return, had advanced to wa Cornwallis who, in like manner, w advancing himself. The two armi joined in battle near Camden on t 16th August, and the result was o: of the most complete defeats ever i dieted upon an American Army." After telling of Sumter's defeat Fishing Creek., his subsequent ral! the commission of Gov. Rutledg making him a brigadier general, ar reciting his history as the great "Gan Cock*' leader, down to and includir the date ?of his resignation from tl army, in January, 17S2, Mr. Smi; read many testimonials paid to h valor and bravery. His .service i . the general assembly was then to of. and then his services in the m tiona! nous?- of representatives an the United States senate, down to th date of his resignation in 1S10. "Hr- was an ardent follower an supporter of Mr. Jefferson and art ur swerving opponent of the Federa ists and all the measures which cu minated in the alien and seditio laws of 17i*S. In the life pf Gei Sumter in Appleton's Encyclopaedi of American Biography it is state that Gen. Sumter was 'a zealous Fed eralist.' Xo authority is given for thi statement and if we are to be guidei by Sumter's actions in opposing al Federalist measures and his owi declaration he was exactly the oppo site. He was an admirer as well a a suporter of Mr. Jefferson and de dared the Virginia and Kentucky res oluti?ns <>:' 17S to embody the tru< construction of the constitution. "So close were the relations be tween Jefferson and himself that or March 24. lSOl^Mr. Jefferson write: him a personal letter addressing hin a? 'My Dear (binerah' and telling hirr that he had determined in future tc name the secretaries of legations in place of allowing ministers to take a private secretary of thei/ own. That Chancellor Livingston bad accepted the mission to France and that he had selected Gen. Sumter's son as the secretary of legation l? France if the appointment would b - acceptable to him, 3"??i requesting 'h- ?enera! to mai:'' the proposition to his son. Retins to Private Life. "After his resignation Gen. Sumter retired t-? his privat.- estate. South Mount, near Stateburg, in Sumter dis? trict, in the district he had so long. ?and faithfully represented. He was j at the Lime of his retirement 76 years of age. Although he retired from aktive public life to the ?jub-t and un ostentious life of a South Caroli I Tia planter and country gentleman, he ' neverthless continued to take an act 1 ive interest in all affairs affecting, his country. "Beior,- his death the contest' be tween the federal and State gienah ments, which he pressaged ic. ??8,? had become intense. Th j system: ct? tariff protfction inaugurated in rsr-^ intensified in 1S18, carried to greac.cc length in 1824, had culminated ir; 1828 in a series of statuter, which re? sulted in la>mg a mos: burdenson??> and oppressive taxation upon thV southern portion of the United States^. This lead to great discontent through? out the south ar.d in South Carolina especially, to the formation of Ot? party which advocated active meas-* ures to nullify statutes they declared to be unjust and unconstitutional in? vasions of the liberties of the State Mr. Calhoun was the exponent leader in the south of this party, which num? bered among "its warmest supporter? Gen. Sumter. He was still in the. act? ive possession of his faculties, lia&z. physical and mental. His son, Thom? as Sumter, Jr., in a letter to his. daughter, dated 26th December, 1825?-. says: " 'As to the health of your granel father^ I saw him yesterday and?, h> his SSth year, he mounts and rides his horse almost like a young m?nv Member of State Rights Party., "The State Rights party claimed? him as a member, as indeed he him-' self declared. In 1830 he had written: a letter unequivocally denouncing ase' unconstitutional the tariff acts pass? ed by congress and supporting the construction of the constitution whicb reserved to the States, if these rights were invaded by unconstitutional leg? islation, the power to resist its en? forcement "or withdraw from the Un? ion. Some contention arose in 183% as to his position. A newspaper in the State, the Camden Journal, r/ub1 lished an item stating that he hacfc changed his views. This misstate? ment was quickly corrected. Gen. Sumter wrote a letter to his grand? son, which was published i?" the*. Charleston Mercury for 2d September/; 1831. This letter is written with ,allp the clearness and vigor of his early days. In the letter he ridicules - the statement in . the Camden Journal declares his views not only unchang? ed, but to be what they had. always? been, and calls attention to a letter of his dated 29th October. 1830, which; had previously been published and ink which he had set out his opinion, anc?. convictions. : Supports Nullification*. "I this last mentioned letter he. had referred to as expressing the tree construction of the constitution the Virgin?, and Kentucky resolutions, of. 1798, and Mt*. Calhoun's (the thea vice president of the United States) letter maintaining and defending the principle and enforcement of nullifi? cation. Gen. Sumter declared in bjs>. letter that the principle 'that the.leg-." islature as a sovereign power can"nr?*> lify the unconstitutional acts of the general government is the primary and principal doctrine of the State' Righats party.' "At a meeting of the States Rights party, held in Charleston in Septem? ber. 1S31, a.series ot" resolutions are adopted thanking Gen. Sumter for 'his, expressed support and declaring that he stood by State rights thea ?s ho> lid in the hot times ol' 1798. "This is the last public ucterancesof; the aged soldier and statesman that, we find. He died the 1st June,. 1832.. . at his home at South Mount, in'TSum ter county, the last surviving officer of his rank in the continental" army:.. Notwithstanding the embittered state of public feeling th?n, wlun the struggle between ' the State Rights and the Union parlies in the States was at its height, live mourning -over: the State was universal and dej?p.. "Gen. Sumter left , but- one childe Thomas Sumter, Jr.. who was bom in* 1768. He entered the diplomatic ser^ vice first as secretary of legation to? Frunce, appointed by President .ref-* ferson, and afterwards1 served as United States minister fo Portugal. He married Md le. Natalie de Delage andi left several children at his death im 1S40. . "I have now finished the task that I allotted to myself. I am conscious* deeply conscious, ?that my perform? ance has been totally inadequate to the subject, but if I have been abie to rescue from oblivion anything or any act that deserves to be remember? ed concerning one to whom justice has been so tardy in her memor&.rsi, - or if I lu:ve been able to add <*nc; more laurel to the chaplet om rhe brow of one who so worthily won them, then I shall feel that my eflpv* . has not been in vain." CASTOR IA For Infants and Children. The Kind You Have Always Bought Bears the Signature of Eczema and Pile Cure? Corr Knowing ?'hat ... ?vas ro snffer, 1 FOLL wil< cive Free of Charge, to any afflicted a positive curt- for Rezetr.iv .Sal* Rheum, Erysipelas, P-.?es sn?z Skin ens? s [n.*t*nt relief. !>.>?-;*t laffer ?OT*^ er. Wri*e F. W. WILLIAMS, 4?>?> Manyat tan .-Wnne, New York. Er.c-cs?i-tarrip. 10-?-ly