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? rai 8UKTSB WATCHMAN, s?t*bii?h?d April, 1850. "Be Just and Fear not-Let all the Ends thou Aims't at, be thy Country's, thy God's and Truth's." THE TRUJE SOUTHRON, Established june is66 Consolidated Aug. 2,1881. SUMTER. S. C.. WEDNESDAY. APRIL 24. 1901. New Series-Tol. XX. So. 39 % l&rtr?jMM at? SoutI;nnt Publisisd B?9T7 Wednesday, -Bf INT. Gr. Osrfceen, SUMTER, S. C. TB3HS : $1.50 per annum-in advance. IDTIBTIBIKIST: Ooo Square first insertion.$1 00 Kvery subsequent insertion. 50 Contracts for three months, or longer wil be made at reduced rates. A!l communications -which subserve private interests will be charged for as advertiements. Obituaries and tributes of respects will be charged for. MAURIN'S DOCTRINE Denies That He is Trying to Launch a New Party in the South. Southern Interests Demand Ac? ceptance of Policies of Present Republican Administration. Charlene, April 18-Mr Wo Tnng Fang, the Chinese minister, was the guest of honor at a dinner given to night by the Sonthern Manufacturers' club and Senator John L McLaurin was the next most prominent guest and speaker Senator McLaarin read a paper on 'Our Present Condition? in the South and our Duly for the Future." Mr McLaurin spoke as follows: Mr Toastmaker and Gentlemen: I desire to make a statement of somewhat a personal naiure before proceeding with this speech, which I intend to deliver tonight A certain sewspaper correspondent in the city cf Washington bas persistently spread the report that I was coming' to Charlotte to make a speech which would launch a new party in the south. The report is absolutely false ' If I bad any such intention good taste would.prevent me from taking advantage of an opportunity of this kind I am content to advocate within Democratic lines the policies which I believe to be best for the south, and when I can no longer do this I am ready to retire to private life. In the south we are today realizing some of the dreams of its far reach? ing statesmen and business men of 50 years ago With prophetic eye. they saw the industria! and commercial possibilities of our highly favored southland. With an advance of thought that is really surprising, they suggested en terprise8 of wonderful magnitude for its upbuilding and commercial domi nance From 1838 to i860, conven? tions were held to voice toe demands of a deepseated public sentiment for industrial progress The story of these movements is chronicled in a South Carolina publication, which, under the name of Debow's Review, did for the old south what the Mano faeturer's Record is doing for the so a th today The same spirit which enabled our fathers to leave the field of defeat with nothing but their courage and their characters left, still lives in the south, and inspires you today in your great undertaking The plans of the great southern business men and statesmen of 50 years ago are no longer idle dreams Postponed by a cruel war which de stroyed our social and industrial sys tem, and which for years rendered cooperation in national uundertakings almost impossible, such men as I meet here tonight are making these dreams actual living realities Talk about the "New South/' the cause is a misnomer It is the same old spirit revived which 60 years ago made the south the dominant power in this nation-a position of which nothing but war could have robbed ber What we need now to again attain that proud eminence is the same broad conception and the same comprehensive grasp of the true situation The last 20 years have wrought an industrial r?volu tion in the south, which must find expression in our social ar.;d political life. The time is past for the discussion as to whether this government is to be one consolidated io its structure or a loose aggregation of (so-called) sovereign States The civil war set tied that It ie useless to discuss the question of Tether this is to be a purely theoretical Democratic government or an expanding and giant Republic The Spanish war settled that Why ?ot then accept conditions as they are and make the most of them ? The agitation of su^h issues only serves to sidetrack broad American doctrines and should not be made ! party questions because they grow ! cut of actual political and economic .onditions. which it is beyond the power of either party to change. I care sot of what political faith the occupant of the white boase might have been ; for. if a true American, mindfal of the honor and dignity o? the nation, the results of the Spanish war could not be widely different from what they are todfey Why should our people be the only ones to close their eyes to what is going on ? Why should we move along in the same old ruts and insist that political policies and old tradi tions, long since dead, are vital liv? ing issues, and depend upon them for the salvation of the south The triumphant reelection of Mr McKinley in the laet campaign is full of significance. It is a stubborn fact confronting the Democratic party today, suggestive of reproachful re wembrauces and fearful menaces. What a. reflection that this new Democracy did not carry a,State where the issues were discussed and judgment passed by the people upon them on their merits Of course with us it bas been impossible to decide elections upon issues It hae been simply a qaestion of white supremacy. In the norsb and the west, dissolved into factions, taiuted by tbe errors of republicanism and the follies of populism, the party I could not withstand the tide of popu lar opposition excited by unreasona ble criticism of tjie conduct of a foreign war, and by the vicious and incendiary appeals made during the last mooth of the campaign to class hatred and prejudice Fundamental principles were lost j sight of. and in an ineane effort to I secure party success at any cost, the j attempt was made to combine social ism, populism and sectionalism, with I nothing but the sentiment and tradi j tions of Democracy. The real Dem ocratic leaders of the senate for the past three years have been Allen, Teller and Pettigrew, all of them able men, but o^e a Populist, one a high tariff Republican, and the other, I do not know what All of them opposed to State banks of issue with proper safeguards, and most other things we need in the south This was called the "New Democracy" in contradistinction from the old. and some of its leaders stated that its creeds were revolutionary and were so designed to be To sow discontent with industrial conditions and distrust of the govern ing power ; to array class against class, in the hope of securing fancied social and industrial equality, is to my mind the first step in revolution. The south is the American end of America In no section is there so small a foreign element, so much conservatism, and so pure a patriot ism What a political paradox then it is for our people to be the allies of professed revolutionists elsewhere. It was not the pure type of south? ern Democracy that the balance of the country feared in the last presi dential election TDP> knew that properly interpreted this was con eervative and safe Ic waa well understood, however, what influences dominated, and that, therefore, the south in national affairs was stiil powerless One doubtful northern State had then and has now more in influence than the entire south com bined One party says Why should I consult you, I can hope for nothing The other saye. I've got you any way, and I will do as I please ; help yourself if you can What a position for a brave, high spirited people bound hand and foot, the miserable slaves of one party and a football for the other I, for one, do not believe that the people of the south are ready to trusr this government into the hands of any party to begin the leveling pro ceps through the exercise of the tax ing power ; and yet this is exactly what this new propaganda means, and outside of the south it is pro claimed by the very same claaa who preach and practice social equality between the races. The two dogmas are inseparably interwoven Go into the west, attend one of their cam paign meetings scratch beneath the skin and you will find the same old social equality dogma, to the tune of \ which the soul of John Brown is still ! "marching on " Taxation for the purpose of equaliz? ing or redistributing property is rank socialism, not Democracy Let it take hold in the south and wi?h it go those barriers which we have erected to maintain the purity of our race and the integrity of our civiliza tion. Another thing-to my mind it is folly to oppose expansion under the name of imperialism It deceives no ma j c f intelligence Ile understands that there is no analogy between j this country and the Roman Empire, and that those who talk of imperial issi do not take into account that pow^r which is born of our free in stitutions, a fortress in the hearts of our people stronger than any over built of stone. As long as this is there they can never become slaves ; and when it is dead it matters not whether under republic er empire, they become an easy prey. It de pends upou the people, not the government, whether they be slave* or freemen It is the people tba makes the government, uot the gov ernment the people. With a brave strong, intelligent people, with t free press and popular education there c*n be no imperialism. WI13 should we be afraid to trust our selves ? The whole tendency of the times and the spirit of the age if toward Democratic instead of im? perialistic ideas of government. The throne of the "Great White Czar" trembles today at th? roar 0 the Democratic Lion, and the echoe? resound even from the far off Orient Our people understand that it ii not actual territory or dominion ovui people that we seek, but the expao sion of American thought, ideas 0 government commerce and civiliza tion. Political leaders might well lean that the law of progress will sweer. away as chaff those who wonid place bariers against this mighty tide which is destined to spread tb< Demooratic idea of government ti the uttermost bounds of the earth My definition of Democracy is liberty for man, formulated into a theory 0 government. It means man's inalien abie ownership of himself, it mean? free thought and free speech. lu the dark ages of the past som; poor slave raised his bowed head anc looking up into the blue 6ky caugb inspiration from God's free air anc sunshine that he also of right wai free, and ever since, that vision 0: liberty has been an undying revela tion for every age aud all climes Grecian ancj Roman siaves ?aw the heavenly light, and facing their masi tere' swords, bravely died Saxoi: churl with woodeu collar, and oo? own fathers, at Cowpens and King'i Mountain, looked upon the celestia picture, end with a smile of joy gave up their lives. Why need a true Democracy hum for issues io our relations with foreign OGUOtrie?? It is upon domestic prob iems. the rights of mao and man, tb?: relation of labor and capital and itu stand upoo these home issues tb at ha endeared it to the people in r.be pas and upon which it must finally staoc or fall. It is folly to attempt to dwarf grea national and international issues ?otc mere questions of party policy; it failed io the last campaign, and will fai every time it is tried. Every member of the American con goess, wheo ic comes to a foreigE policy, a foreign war, and army, & navy, a merchant marine, or any otbei question affecting oar honor ss a na< non. or our prosperity as a people, should be iree and untrammeled to vote as his judgment and conscience diocates For myself, ? would oot, under exist? ing conditions, be willing to hold a seat in the Uoited States senate upon aDy other terms. To allow others to think for me upon these great ques? tions is a cowardly evasion of ruy re? sponsibilities, and a crimina! neglect of the true interests of those who select me I am rejoiced tonight to be io che presence of so many of the great cap? tains of southern industry. You are are men whose energy and- enterprise are developing our natural resources ? and thus layicg the foundation for the full enjoyment by our seotion of ali that must follow ia the wake of the I expanding glory of oar Republic; and this in spite of the fact that it has beoome the fashion in some quarters to .neer at what is termed the "sordid commercial" argument io favor of ex? pansion and other national issues. Oar political leaders should not for? get the fact that modem Democracy bad its origin in this same commercial instinct. Two hundred and fifty years ?go it bad its birth is those cities along the river Rhine, where, through trade and manufacturing, the people could compel the feudal lords to grant them civil rights. The free insulation* of which we boast grew up uoder the fos? tering care of oommeroe The rights of tba individual expanded into rights for bis city and these for the State, so that modern Demooraoy does not teach that there is an absolute rule for government, and that any particular theory of government is of permanent value and adapted uoder al' circum? stances for the welfare of man The fathers of this Republic never intended to lay a foundation which was to be al ways of the same circumscribed pro? portions, with a superstructure of nice? ly maasured parts all to exist perma? nently just as constructed. They aimed to create a giant not a pigmy. For a nation the ccutury has bren content to grapple with questions of internal development, but suddenly in the evolntioo of our national destiny, we have booome one of the great, powers of the world, and can no loneer move in a circumscribed orbit If w.1 would mainrain our supremacy or even quality among the nations of the world, tne? shackles forged by narrow, sectional prejudices must b?* broken The question of the hour is not i whether this Republio is what its j foooers (with the light, before them) ! intended to mako if; not whether this is theoretically an ideal D?mocratie government, at ail times ID exact con? formity to tbe teoboical requirements nf a written coDBtitution, but whether with the spirit rather than the letter of that constitution, we are making the most of our national opportunities and meeting the political economic condi? tions growing ont of the constantly changing needs of the people. It is historically trae that no form of gavern meot ever did result from deliberate choice; it has always been the logical result of conditions. The nation is nothing but the type of individual life, and as from child? hood to manhood we outgrow garments and duties these are put aside, so it is in the evolutionary development of a nation, social, political, and industrial systems that have their day are thrust aside for new methods and new systems to meet a ohanged and higher state of existence. We have reached a stage of development in the south where it is unprofitable to rake the dead ashes and charred embers of the past and where we uiust look forward rather than back? ward. True statesmanship, while vigi? lant as to the present, looks with pro? phetic eye to the future. The people have a right to expect their leaders to be in advance of the thought of the age, and not tamely drift with the current In an era of transition and change, like this, with? out some such forecast, political parties will cling to dead issues, and finally flounder io the maelstrom of factional divisions aod greed for offiee When Louisaoa, Florida, Texas and California were acquired the great leaders of the democracy acted upon this doctrine, and so wheo this war with Spain produoed certain results it would have been the part of wisdom to have made party platforms and policies correspond with existing conditions and their natural and inevitable conse? quences. We are now in the commercial arena, contesting with the other nations for the trade of the world. So far we have built up oar foreign trade by intense absorption in tbe internal development of our domestic industries. We now produce sufficient for the needs of twice our population, and not to find a market for oar surplus is to invite stagnation and decay The most striking feature in car export development is the remarkable and constantly increaeing demand for oar iron and steel Within six years we have advanced to the position where American iron and steel enters into the construction of every bridge and rail? road in the world or fixes the price therefor. I saw io the papers a few days ago that the Baldwin locomotive works in Philadelphia were supplying the Rus? sian government with 150 locomotives for the Trans Siberiao Railroad. The fact? surrounding this sale are of peen liar interest. The Russian government 1 owns its railroads and maintains iarge shops It pots a duty of 4 cents per pound on imports, but when it came to supplying the equipment for this giant road of 8,000 miles, it wes fouod that they had to come to the United States And yet, ?even years ago the first iron shipment abroad was from Birmingham, Ala Another feature of American influ? ence is our soddenly acquired financial independence. For years we have been borrower*, but during the two years past we have become lenders of maney. Three of the largest European govern meats. England, Germany and Russia, have found it necessary to come to New York for important loans, thus showing that the centre of the financial world has been transferred from Lombard to Wall Street. It is folly for the political leaders of the fouth to close their eyes to the truth that the commercial expao fions of tbe United States ia a fact of constantly enlarging proportions, de tnandiog changed governmental policies to meet new conditions Io spite of higher wages, with labor saving machinery, the superior skill and intelligence of our operatives.uoder a factory system better organized than any in tbe world, is giving us indus? trial ascendancy. It needs, however, to support it a broad statesmanship, not handicapped by sectional prejudices. We can differ about domestic matters aiad divide upon party lines, but when it oomes to utilizing national opportuni? ties, north, south, east and west should uoite io maintaining the supremacy of tbe Uuted States in the great struggle among the nations for the commerce of the world. The south must piay an important part io our country's future. For a third of a century she has been ham? pered by a struggle for mere existence, forced to devoto all of her energy and statesmanship to the maintenance of white supremacy Thank God, this is permanent and assured beyond perad venture of doubt At last she bas emerged from he;- forlorn and prostrate conditio DI freed from her enthrallment, she can put herself in touch with tbe best thought, of the age, arid again ex? ercise an influence in national life. I believe the time will come when the south woll be the hope and e-alvation of tai? nation. Her marvelous growth io manufacuring ofterprines, ber develop? ment of natural resources, and ber rapid advance in progresiive thought and actioD, is makiog ber again the leading section in this country. The centre of manufacturing in the Uoited States has been transferred from Fall River, Mass., to Columbia, S. C But if we would make the mest of oar op? portunities we mast renounce sectional prejudices and pupport broad national policies, hoking to the creation of foreign markets, the expansion of trade and the upbuilding of a common coan try. We must demand and have for tbe south a fall share of the benefits as weli as the burdens of national life. The south is vitality interested in the Asiatic markets Her manufacturers are studying the needs of the people io an intelligent effort to turn oui products suited to those markets The closing of the China markets owing to recent troubles has caused a glut of goode, which is affected by a decline of three cents a pound in raw ootton, The administration is doing a great deal towards improving our commercial opportunities in the east by showing some regard for the inalienable rights of China, while protecting the legiti? mate demands of foreign interests. Dewey's victory first established Amer? ican prestige along the Asiatic coast. It was then that 800 million people in the orient learned respect for the Uoited States and saluted us as a first class power. The attitude of the Uni ted States since in the field of diplom aoy in China bas given confidence and increased that reBpeot. The United States from the first took lead, and even the warlike emperor of Germany has bad to yield to "Uoole Sam's" friendly admonitions. We now oocupy the vantage ground, beoause on friend? ly terms with all the powers 1 make the assertion that the south has more to gain than any other section from the foreign policy now pursued by the administration, particularly when the Isthmian oanal is constructed, as it will be. I have read extracts from the speech of my amiable and distinguish ed friend his excellency, Minister Wu, recently made in Chicago It is replete with wisdom and good sense. We can? not hope and we should not wish to break fdown the civilization of China upon which is based a polity, society and religion the slow growth of 4,000 years. To do so is to destroy the empire in the attempt to suddenly thrust upon her a western civilization for which her people are not prepared. All we can hope to do is to vitalize this old civilization with western ideas, science and invective genius, thus making it more potential in material achievement. This country bas doce well to use every effort by the benign influence of its political and oommer cial power to preserve the identity of the empire and the integrity of its civilization. Under this policy, it is reasonable tc expect China to become the constantly expanding market for our products, and as gradually ber interior is fully developed by a network of railroads aod all of ber cities opened up to foreign commerce, the opportBoi ties are almost without limit. The south now controls most of this trade, and with snob development, io the near future, i: should increase tenfold We are no longer a purely agricul? tural section, but mining, manufaotur iog and kindred interests have sprung into prominence and demand govern mental policies to nroteoc and develop them. A statesmanship so partisao io its character as to adhere to old politi? cal doctrines, either settled by the arbitrament of the sword or firmly fixed as governmental policies, cannot solve the political and economic problems now confronting the southern people Such H sentiment cannot properly inter pr?t present economic movements, r.or provide by aggressive and progressive thought for ?hi? radically changed con? ditions now confronting us. Hurrah for Liberty. The captain of the port io a tow" occupied by American troops seems to be an exceediogly formidable person? age. It was for lese majest? against tb? captain of the port of Manila that Edi tor Rice was banished from the Philip? pines by Gen MacArthur without trial Even more summary methods se?m to be io vogue at Havana There the oaptain of the port, when his dig city was offended by two Cuban editors, sammoned them before bim and forth? with sentenced one of them to SO day>' and tbe other to 60 days' imprisonment at hard ?abor He based these sentences on the grcund that a oertaio article in the paper with which the culprits were oonnested was an insult to himself. Neither of the men imprisoned bad written thc article. And yet the ungrateful Cubans pre teod not to enjoy American liberty I - N Y. Journal. The Promising . Toad's Head. It is the Head of the Trust Toad, and Contains Numer? ous Beautiful Jewels. Tbe bead of a toad. like the bead of a crest, is superficially a hideous thing to look at Sometimes it is alleged that valu? able jewels ace found io a toad head, and on Phis account the hideousness even of the far famed borned toad of the West becomes less repulsive. The trust toad, as you will find by examining it closely and studying events, bas a head ecjuipped with jewels of a very fioe quality. Many years from DOW men will be very glad that , the trust toad was born, because of the good tbat will come from it. *> * * Already we see that the trusts are inevitably strengthening labor unions. They are bringing the men into closer relationship and forming them into greater and more closely united bodies cf workmen They are pre? paring for the inevitable and earl? forcible increase in wages The trusts organize admirably the> great industries and prepare the day when all of these indostries will be owned by the Government-(hat is to say, by the people themselves. The trusts eliminate competition,. whicb is a etupid. out-of date form of ' barbarism,: leading tQ cheating^, thievery and adulteration. The trusts do away w?ib the vast armies of middlemen, and. by diminishing every day the number of those who iive OD the work of others, t&ey compel an ever growing number to enter tbe fields of useful production. Just at present the jewel that stands out most prominently in the ugly trust toad's bead is "free trade." Men have argued and fought acd voted and made speeches and parad? ed for free trade-and all in vain. The more they talked and paraded, the heavier were the duties But wheo the traste want free trade, they will have it. for the trusts control legislation. And we shall have free trade, for the trusts will want it very soon. A trust engaged in manufacturing wants to buy as cheaply as it can the raw materials used The trusts will soon own all the [industries, all the manufactures, and they will warn freedom from the j duties which are now paid on the ? material. Already there is in process of j formation a great clothing trust The small man who makes clothing now must pay a duty on wool to protect the American farmer who raises sheep. How long do you think the cloth j ing trust will tolerate this duty on wool ? How long do you think the trust engaged in making ciotbs in America will tolerate a duty on wool that makes the industry so expensive ? Some of the duties will be retain ed, of course-at least until the trusts ehalt be powerful enough even to despise foreign competition But one thing after another tte trusts will want free from duty, ano these things will be fre^d as fast ss the trusts' order is given Tbe truets are going to do a great deal of good to thc masses ot th* people in time They will end by forcing universal government owner ship of monopolies upon the people Of course, this last stage is a long way ahead, and there will be consid ?rable ?3tiff fighting before it is taken -N J. Journal Little Rock. Ark , April 15 -The State senate today passed a bil! mak ing it onlawfui for any person to drink any intoxicating liquor as a beverage unless he 01 she shall hav^ first obtained a license as a dram drinker The license is fixed at ?5 per annum Little Rock, Ark, April 15 - Eastern parties are said to have secured oil leases covering nearly tb** eLtire valley in whicb Si Joe, Searcy county, is situated, in consequence of an expert's investigation The e are a number of epriugs in Searcy aDd Newton counties where the on has been forced up through crevices, and in one piace the oil is gathered in a pool and used as a curative. BAKING Tamm Makes the food more delicious and wholesome ?OVAL BAKING POWDER CO., NEW YORK.