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TEX SUMTES WATCHMAN, Established April, 1S50. "Be Just and Fear not-Let all the Ends thou Aims't at, be thy Country's, thy God's and Truth's." THE TRUE SOUTHRON. Established june. 12**6 Consolidated Aug. 2,1881. SUMTER. S. C., WEDNESDAY OCTOBER 5.1898. Sew Series-Yoi. XVIII. So. 10 Published Srary Wednesday, -BY JXT. CS*-. Osteen, SUMTER, S. C. TERMS : $1.50 per annum-io advance. iOTtBTISIKlST'. Ono Square first insertion.$1 00 Ev*ry subsequent insertion-~. 50 Contracts for three months, or longer wil be rande at reduced rates. Ail communications which subserve private interests will becharged forasadvertiements. Obituaries aad tributes of respects will be charged for. SANTIAGO CUBANS" SUCCEED SPANIARDS. The New System of Civil Gov ernmeot Established. Santiago de Cuba, Sept 27 -The system of civil government estab tablished by Gen. Wood is practically complete and iu good working order. Major Mc Cleary, formerly attorney general for Texas, and a Spanish schoi ar. has been appointed mayor, and the Spanish officials are given place to Cubans Gen Wood says he does rot know the capabilities of the men taking office. They are chosen by a committee of fifty prominent Cubans, whom he believes to be honest and conscientious. This committee recommends men whom its members think would be efficient in the various offices to be filled. The choice of men by the committee moat be unanimous and : -ast be over Signatare of tbe fifty members. Gen. Wood finds that the plan works admirably Lieut Blount has been appointed to codify the Cuban laws. Senor Rigney, one of the largest sugar planters, who has arrived here from Manzanillo, reports the condi lions there worse than ever. The insurgents, be asserts, refuse to grant permission for carrying on of work on the plantations, and the Spanish officials decline to furnish protection to those desiring to work. Senor Rigney declares that sincfe the cessation of hostilities the insur? gents have confiscated his provisions and destroyed a number of valuable pictures, made his carpets into saddle cloths, tore and trampled curtains and broke glasses worth $500 each They are encamped in numbers at the sea town of Oampechuela, where they compel smai! vessels which fall into their bands to hoist the Cuban flag. The CubanR earnestly request Gen. Wood to send to Manzanillo food aod clothing They declare there is much suffering there, but private ad vices received by Gen. Wood deny absolutely the stories of destitution, and declare that work is obtainable, but that the Cubans will not work ; and be bas, therefore, refused to send the supplies asked for. William Stakeman, before the war American consul at Manzanillo, ar? rived here to day and paid a visit to Gen Wood He recounted many lawless acts on the part of the insur gents, who, be declares, demand tribute from every one. terrorize peaceful people and threaten the con fiscation of the property of merchants and planters Many persons say that the recognition of the Cubans has not been granted because the bandits make work and progress impossible. There is s general feeling of alarm in Manzanillo over the departure of che Spanish troops, and the American soldiers are anxiously awaited. News received from Puerto Prin? cipe is to the effect that there is much sickness among the Spanish troops There are now 9,000 Spanish sol? diers io the province, and fully half of them are suffering from scurvy and dysentery. The Cubans hold the country and refuse to permit fresh provisions to. be ca'ried to the cities. Occupation Begins in October. One Division Selected and Under Orders to Start. Washington, Sept 27 -A compre becsive programme for moving troops to Cuba bas been outlined by the war de partaient, and its initial feature* have teen decided upot. The result is due to directions given by the President on September 19. to the ?ffsct tbat de? uils cf troops be made for Cuba. Actiog on this Maj. Gen Miles out? lined a pian for sen&og two dividions ; o Coba the first on? uocbr com ai aod of Msi. Gen. Wade, to leave i? Osto I Maj. Gen. Fitzbugh Lee, to leave io j November. Each division will embrace j 6,000 men, so that the plao is to have \ some 22.000 troops io Coba or oo tbe way within the nest 60 days. From the fact that they go to Cuba it does not mean that they will proceed j directly to Habana. Oo the contrary, j the outlook is that there will be very few troops at Habaoa, the bulk of them being scattered through the western end of the island, garrisoning the small towns, and thus gradually potting into effect the military occupa tion of the island. In anticipation of the move the quartermaster's depart? ment is preparing to have transports available for tbe troops. The organizations forming the Octo? ber division are a? follows : Cavalry brigade, composed of the j Seventh and Eighth United States cav i airy, to be commanded by Brig Gen. L H. Carpenter, United States volun? teers. First infantry brigade, composed of the Fifteenth United States infantry and the Fourth United States volunteer infantry, to be commanded by Brig. Gen. Simon Snyder, United States volunteers. Second infantry brigade, composed of the First United States infantry and the Sixtb United States "Volunteer in? fantry, to be commanded by Brig. Gen E B Wilistoo, United States volunteers. The order leaves open the comnrand of thc divisoo, but Gen. Snyder will be io temporary command antill a perena nent division commander is chosen. Gen. Miles' recommendation of Gen. Wade for tbis command is likely to be carried our, although it :s still open owing to the doubt of Gen. Wade's being free from bis service at the head of the Cuban commission now holding sessions at Habana. Although the November division, under command of Gen. Fitzbogb Lee, bas folly projected as a part of tbis same programme, its formal execution will be deferred for a time The regi? ments forming the November division will embrace both cavalry and infantry, with Gen. Sumner in command of the First brigade. ORDERS ALREADY ISSUED. Atlarita, Ga., Sept 27.-A special to Tbe Constitution from Aoniston, Ala., says : Gen Royal Fraok, com? manding Camp Shipp, received orders from Washington to day to get tbe First infantry and Sixth immunes io readi? ness to proceed to Cuba by the 20tb of October The First infantry arrived here last Friday from Montaus, but the Sixth immune is still at Chickamauga guard? ing public property. Josepe Wismantel. Co. C, Four? teenth New York, died to day of ty? phoid fever. Dewey's 'Action Approved. Washington, Sept 27.-The official j account of the seizure by Admiral Dewey of the filibustering steamer Ab? bey, as reported in the press dispatch? es, is contained in the following cable? gram, received from the admiral to-day at the navy department : MANILA, Sept. 27. Having received information that tbe American steamer Abbey left Macao September 21st with a cargo of arms for Batangas, I sent the McCul? lough She arrived at Batangas oo the 23rd aod found ber in the harbor, hav? ing arrived three days earlier and land? ed ber cargo. There were only Filipi? nos on board. They refused to give any information and had no papers whatever. Seized and brought her here, where we are now holding ber. This etearaer was formerly the Pasig, and is registered as an American ve6 ?ei. The United States consulate at Canton has inform?tico she made one voyage of the same kind already. (Signed) Dewey. Tbe navy department very promptly approved Admiral Dewey's action as indicated by the following cablegram which was sent him to-day : Washington, Sept. 27. Dewey, Manila : Your action in seizing American owned vessel Abbey approved. She is ! ameoabie to martial jurisdiction for any violation of neutrality. (Signed) Long. Battleships off to Manila. New York, Sept. 27.-The battle? ships Oregon, Capt. A. S. Parker, and Iowa, Capt Silas Terry, received or? ders at the navy yard this morning to sail 9t 8 o'clock to-morrow morning for Manila. It is expected that it will take tbe battleships 60 days to complete the journey. Tbey wiii stop at Bahia, Brazil, to coal. Thc cruiser Buffalo, accompanied by two store ships, t.be Ins and the Celtic, is expected tb follow the Oregon and Iowa in about a week. The happiest ladies are tboee csing the Wbitesewing machine. No Reconcentrados Now. Jose Congosto Says, "God Knows Where They Are Gone." / New York, Sept. 28 - Among the passengers who arrived to-day on the steamer City of Washington from Habana were Dr. Jose Congosto and Capt. Fred Sharp, of the Merritt and Chapman Wrecking company The City of Washington brought 41 cabin passengers and a small car? go composed chiefly of cigars and tobacco. In an interview Congosto said : "The evacuation of Cuba is & mat? ter of time, but when I left ll?bana everything- was progressing well. One of the causes of delay is the fact that we have six thousand sick who must be taken care of. I believe the future of the island is a social prob? lem and not a political one It is probable there will be large emigra tion to the island and this emigration may assisi, in solving the problem There is great difficulty to be met in view of the dangers from fever aud climate." Congosto was asked about the con? dition of the reconcentrados "There are no reconcentrados now/' he answered with a smile "What bas become of them ?" was the next question. .'Thev're gone " "Where ?" "God knows," was his reply. "Do vou mean to\say they are ail dead T> "That probably explains it better than I can. It is a subject which I prefer not to discuss." Not as Wise as the Rats. There seems to be reasonable ground for the expression, "You bavn't got as mach sense as a rat," if the statement in the October Woman's Home Companion, by Ella Morris Kretebmer. about eorn meal or carrots. "The old-fashion meal," says ehe, "was made of whole white flint corn, ground by the burr process (crushed between stones), gi vio g a soft fragrant, highly nourishing product which was capable of so many culinary variations that the poor who made it their staple diet might be said to have fared samp tiousiy,' and the rich to reckon it I among gastronomie delights " Lovers of good corn bread, corn meal batter cakes, muffins, ets , will understand and appreciate these state? ments. Bot she continues as follows : "Some years ago 'granulated meal' appeared, tba whole grain being cut by the 'roller process ' This meal, while not as sofc as the burr meal, was equal ly sweet, nourishing and well Savored ; in short, very acceptable. When made of corn thoroughly dried (requir iog"lrt)out two years') it bad 'keeping' qualities not possessed by meal made of fresh corn by either process-which, by the way, wili keep perfectly for months io cold weather, bat not more than two or three weeks in summer So to-day we have a granulated meal made from corn dried io kilos in a few hours, by beat so intense as to kill ail the charac? teristic qualities of Savor and texture But these losses are small compared to greater ones. If you will examioe a grain of corn you wi il note on ooe of its flat sides a cooe-sbapped depression running to the poiot where it is attach? ed to the ear. Under the skin oovering that depression is the germ-the vital part of tbs grain, the muscle-builder, brain-feeder, the part that a rat has the intelligence to eat, leaving the rest. Now, this soft germ substance will not granulate, it quickest to become musty, hence, for 'trade' considerations it is oow entirely scooped out, leaving the devitalized graio, the part rejected by the rat, to be ealclined in the kita and ground for our use. Could a more cruel robbery be perpetrated ? These facts are worth looking into We have sacrificed the best part of the wheat in our demand for absolutely white flour, and if the nutritious part of the corn is also lost, it behooves us to reform our milling processes. We are devoting a good deal of attention now to the mixing of c:irn flour with wheat floor, but it seems [hat wc should devote 60tne attention to getting back to the ?old methods of preserving the nutritious part of the graio io both wheat and corn fl Dur. [t ?9 gratifying to the eye to have flour as white as snow, but in matters of food it would be well to consider the question of nutriment as well as of looks.-Augus? ta Chronicle. Fort Mill, Sept 27 -Fire broke out : to night at 7 o'ciock under the spin? ning room of the Fort Mill manufactur ? ing company, being caused by a puiie} I on a ?pinning frame. The fireman and i the town people responded promptly to ! the alarm and had the fire under con? trol by 8 o'clock. The superintendent says the damage caused by fire and water will probably amount to$15,000. TT7 - _t- -ill_t.._V-J_ TEA CULTURE IS A SUCCESS. Tbe Output of a Tea Gardes in South Carolina. The Cost of Producing Tea and the Profit Which May be Derived From it Lees than ten years ago, and soon after the last abandonment of the last serious attempt to grow commercial tea in the Southern states, it seemed worth the effort to Dr. C U. Shepard, of Summerville, to repeat the experi? ment on a much more diversified plan, in the hope that conditions might be found favorable to the suc? cessful development of a new indus? try, it is not necessary at this time to enter into a description of all of the "Pinehurst" tea gardens and the outcome of the various experimenta instituted therein, it siifices to state that al! available sorts of tea, of soils and situations were utilized, and very divergent results obtaned, which, futter investigations many modify, but hardly revise. All of which data are to be published later, though the kind interist of the honor? able Secretary of Agriculture, James Wilson. " But, in view of the chief motive underlying the work, and especially because of certain results recently established which apparently prove the fesibility of making commercial tea in the Southern Stales, it mav be well to publish an account o? the "Rose Garden" patch of tea. its site as an old piney woods pond, with a black, rich (in humus) but sour surface soil, overlaying quick? sand and, yet io wer, clay. The ground was thoroughly subsoil drain? ed, heavily sweetened with burnt marl and deeply ploughed. About 1,000 plants of acclimatized Assame hybrid tea were set out at 6 by 6 feet, "quincunx " Whether from the slowness experienced in over? coming the original acidity of the soil or from the comparatively feeble growth of the seedlings during the first few years-in this respect re? sembling its relative, the camellia jap?nica-little progress was made from 1890, the date of the establish? ment of the garden, until 1894, al-' though some leaf was plucked from it in 1892. Again, the system of pruning practiced at the start of the experi? mentation, whereby ciean sterns were maintained, had to be abandoned after the loss of many plants and a degree of disappointment which almost caused the cessation of fur? ther work in this direction. At present the garden contains about 800 vigorous bushes, each one composed of many stems, the resuit of cutting out the original main stem and inducing a luxuriant sucker growth. There are also about 200 younger plants occupying the places where older ones died ; they natu? rally produce less leaf. Altogether this garden of less than an acre may be fairly regarded as containing the equivalent of 900 plants in good bearing : The output of green leaf from it has been as follows : Crop of 1892, 56 pounds ; crop nf 1893, 81 pounds; ci'op of 1894, 151 pounds ; crop of 1895, 333 pounds ; crop of 1896 600 pounds; crop of 1897, 648 pounds ; cropof 1898, 1,000 pounds to September 1, with the prospect of reaching almost 1,200 pounds by the end of the season. It is to be noted that there has been a material increase each year over the preceding, amounting to almost if not quite 100 per cent, with the exception of 1897, when a prolonged autumnal drought mate? rially interfered with the leaf produc? tion. It is, of course, impossible to foretell to what limits this expansion may extend before reaching that slight annual variation which marks the maturity of the plant. But it | would not be surprising if the out turn were doubled within a year or two. Twelve hundred and sixty pounds of green leaf will afford 300 pounds of standard Pinehurst black tea. On a baeis of 900 plants in the "Rose garden," the production per j bush is five ounces of tea If it I were a foll acre the yieid would approximate 400 pounds And if the plants had been placed at shorter distances apart, as is the practice j in the Orient and now at Pinehurst, the output per acre should be mate? rially larger. The average yearly production per bush in Japan does not exceed one ounce ; in China it is from one to two ounces ; in India and Ceylon three to five ounces In ! the last named countries there are estates which annually produce over 1,000 pounds of tea to the acre ; but they constitute the rare exceptions Oriental tea gardens usually contain ] about 2,000 plants to the acre. acre affords good ground for the belief that commercial tea may be grown in Sooth Carolina in quantity quite comparable with the average yield of the most favorably situated ! Oriental countries. But the "Rose I garden" is not to be regarded as an j exceptional result, nor of difficult ! imitation. Two iarger gardens, also j formerly piney woods ponds planted j with Darjeeling, promise successful i rivalry within a few years. And yet I others appear to be awakening to a : more vigorous productiveness, j The cast of 300 pounds of tea from the "Rose garden," by reasons of its greater productiveness, is much less than that from Pinehurst, as a whole, j And yet it is evident that very mate? rial reductions might be secured were I its area even only ten-fold enlarged, much more so did it contain 100 acres The following tables show the actual cost of the several operations in the growth, picking and curing of the crop of 1898 in the Rose garden, as also the estimated and materially re duced expense for the same rate of production on a larger scale. Possible Actual cast redaced cost per pouod. per pound. Praniog 3 c 2c Manuring 3 C 2c Cultiva.ion l%z lc Leaf picking: 14 c 8c Factory work 6 c 3c 27jc 16: A glf.nce at the above table shows I that the chief expense is that of gath? ering the leaf. Experience has de I mon8trated that a smart lad or grown girl can pick from a good "flush" twenty pounds of green laaf in ten j hours, or, say, enough to make five ! pounds of tea. This should be done j for 30 cents, or at 6 cents per pound. The supervision in the fieid will add ? 1 cent. With immature plants or poor "flusher" there is necessarily much more labor to be spent, and consequently more time in securing the same amount of leaf. Again, the "fineness" of the plucking materially influences its cost. The picking of a coarser and larger leaf or two from each shoot greatly increases the yield and lessens the cost. Bat with me? dium leaf picking and in Southern localities where labor is cheap, with an outturn of at least 400 ponnds of tea to the acre, this expense should not exceed 8 cents per pound. There remains to be considered the cost of superitendence and the fixed charges for the outlay in the es? tablishment of the garden and its maintenance until self supporting. As to the former, the cost will large I ly depend on the size of the crop ; on a production of 100,000 pounds i per annum it should not exceed 2 cents per pound of tea. The ex? pense of putting the land in suitable condition for a tea garden should not j exceed that for any other intensive i crop. The cost of raising and set j tieg out the tea seedings will vary ! from ?25 to $50 per acre, according to whether raised from domestic or foreign seeds. In the establishment of a Sarge tea estate the initial ex penses are necessarily heavy, but it should be borne in mind that once well done it is practically for all time. The best Japanese tea is said to be gathered from bushes 200 years old. The leaf plucked from the "Rose garden,''as indeed from the whole estate, is fine, i e., it very rar oosis ts of more than the Pekoe tip and two leave?, and then only to the first Souchong. Heretofore, and with? out the aid of a "protective duty," it has been possible to sell all of the Pine burst (black) tea $1 per pound retail. It remains to be seen whether the duty will be repealed now that hostilities have ceased, or, if not, what effect it will have on the price of the better trades of tea. But after all deductions -and they are not to be underrated it must ba realized that there is a wide margin 'of profit between the cost of one pouod of "Rose garden." tea, if produced oo a large scale, say 25 cents, and the wholesale prioe of anj equally good imported tea, say 50 cents A profit of 10 cent per poufcd means a profit of ?40 per acre oo an production of 400 pouods of tea. ! And higher profits per pouod, with increasing yield per acre, wili rapidly swell the income. The "Rope garden" has apperentiy j demonstrated that commercial tea may ! be successfully growo io Sooth Caro- j lina. The utilization of this knowledge may be along several lines, but all of thom involve the erection of a suitable equipped factory, costing from a few thousand dollars upwards, according to the proposed scale of operations. Io some countries the bulk of the tea leaf is raised by small farmers, who, at the most, only prepare it sufficiently to insure its safe delivery at factories in the larger, often distant, towns. Or in other districts the extensive tea estates erect factories sufficient to handle not only the output of their own gardens, but also that of the smaller producers in their neighborhoods. As in all other branches of manufacture, modern tend? ency is towards centralisation and the cheapening of processes by increasing tbo volume of production. Machine? maoafacture of black tea, and thus ic has come about tbs? a well equipped factory is indispensable io making that sort. The prepararon of green tea still in? volves much and tBiliful manual labor, and it is, therefore, questionable wheth? er it can he profitably produced in this country, in spite or a decided national preferance for 'his sore. Machines, adapted for making this class of goods will surely fr,tk>w tbe o ?mmercial reali? zation of the tapte of-tbe tea-drioking public.-New6 and* Courier. - mm-??-^ New York Democracy. {Brother of New York's Mayor Nominated for Governor. Syracuse, Sept. 29.-The Demo? cratic convention of New York State at its convention to day named this ticket : For Governor-Augustus Van Wyck'of Kings. Lieut. Governor-Elliott Danforth of Chenango. Secretary of State-George W. Batten of .Niagara. Comptroller-Edward S. Atwater of Duchess. State Treasurer-E. P. Morris of Wayne. Attorney General-Thomas F. Conway of Clinton. State Engineer and Surveyor Martie Schenck of Rennselaer. Contrary to all expectations acd to the indications of last night and early this morning the convention was very harmonious, the only contest being for the nomination of governor, and only one ballot being taken on that. / Judge Van Wyck is a brother of Mayor Van Wyck of Greater New York. Maj. Marcus B. Stokes. Maj. Marcus Stakes, of the First South Carolina volunteers, who is a lioutenant in the Tenth United States infantry, will not return to Co? lumbia permanently, moen to tho re? gret of his many friends in the- city and State. Lieut. Stokes bas been stationed here more than two years, being detailed hy ;he government to remain here for the purpose of instruct? ing the militia. He states that as soon as he is must? ered oat of tbe volunteer service be will rejoin bis company, which bas been ordered, or will be, to go to Cuba. Lieut. Stokes desiree to go there with them.-The Statee Why the Soldiers Got Sick. "Not many evenings since," says the Florida Times-Uoion, "three con? valescents arrived at tbe Terminal sta? tion, with 30 day furloughs enugly tucked away in their jeaos. They dis? covered on arriving at tbe station that they bad an hour to wait before the de? parture of their traio, and this is tbe way tbey filled tbe time : A bottle of whiskey that had been provided against tbe emergencies of travel was con? sumed by the trio. Next, a lot of pears were found and devoured. Wan? dering across the street they purchased a pound of soda wafers, and soon the package was stored away. Finally a small negro came in sight having for sale a lot of boiled crabs lt was the work of but a moment for tbe sick he? roes to become the owners of these de? licacies, aod they were soon out of sight. The -rain by this time has been made up, and the soldiers entered and found their places, and dering the wait before the train pulled out of the station ooe of the trio exclaimed : 'I declare, I don't feel very well. I am glad I'm goiog to get out of this .'cussed'' cli? mate. It don't agree witb me a little bit.' " Manila, Sept. 29 -The declaration was ratified at Malolos yesterday amid great festivities A review of the troops was held and recitations were delivered. The feature of tbe cere? monies was the address of Aguinaldo Many foreigners attended tbe State ball in the evening, but no American fficials were present. POWDER Absolutely Pure