The watchman and southron. (Sumter, S.C.) 1881-1930, October 05, 1898, Image 1
TEX SUMTES WATCHMAN, Established April, 1S50. "Be Just and Fear not-Let all the Ends thou Aims't at, be thy Country's, thy God's and Truth's." THE TRUE SOUTHRON. Established june. 12**6
Consolidated Aug. 2,1881.
SUMTER. S. C., WEDNESDAY OCTOBER 5.1898.
Sew Series-Yoi. XVIII. So. 10
Published Srary Wednesday,
-BY
JXT. CS*-. Osteen,
SUMTER, S. C.
TERMS :
$1.50 per annum-io advance.
iOTtBTISIKlST'.
Ono Square first insertion.$1 00
Ev*ry subsequent insertion-~. 50
Contracts for three months, or longer wil
be rande at reduced rates.
Ail communications which subserve private
interests will becharged forasadvertiements.
Obituaries aad tributes of respects will be
charged for.
SANTIAGO CUBANS"
SUCCEED SPANIARDS.
The New System of Civil Gov
ernmeot Established.
Santiago de Cuba, Sept 27 -The
system of civil government estab
tablished by Gen. Wood is practically
complete and iu good working order.
Major Mc Cleary, formerly attorney
general for Texas, and a Spanish schoi
ar. has been appointed mayor, and
the Spanish officials are given place
to Cubans Gen Wood says he does
rot know the capabilities of the men
taking office. They are chosen by a
committee of fifty prominent Cubans,
whom he believes to be honest and
conscientious.
This committee recommends men
whom its members think would be
efficient in the various offices to be
filled. The choice of men by the
committee moat be unanimous and
: -ast be over Signatare of tbe fifty
members.
Gen. Wood finds that the plan
works admirably Lieut Blount has
been appointed to codify the Cuban
laws.
Senor Rigney, one of the largest
sugar planters, who has arrived here
from Manzanillo, reports the condi
lions there worse than ever. The
insurgents, be asserts, refuse to grant
permission for carrying on of work
on the plantations, and the Spanish
officials decline to furnish protection
to those desiring to work.
Senor Rigney declares that sincfe
the cessation of hostilities the insur?
gents have confiscated his provisions
and destroyed a number of valuable
pictures, made his carpets into saddle
cloths, tore and trampled curtains and
broke glasses worth $500 each They
are encamped in numbers at the sea
town of Oampechuela, where they
compel smai! vessels which fall into
their bands to hoist the Cuban flag.
The CubanR earnestly request Gen.
Wood to send to Manzanillo food aod
clothing They declare there is
much suffering there, but private ad
vices received by Gen. Wood deny
absolutely the stories of destitution,
and declare that work is obtainable,
but that the Cubans will not work ;
and be bas, therefore, refused to send
the supplies asked for.
William Stakeman, before the war
American consul at Manzanillo, ar?
rived here to day and paid a visit to
Gen Wood He recounted many
lawless acts on the part of the insur
gents, who, be declares, demand
tribute from every one. terrorize
peaceful people and threaten the con
fiscation of the property of merchants
and planters Many persons say that
the recognition of the Cubans has
not been granted because the bandits
make work and progress impossible.
There is s general feeling of alarm in
Manzanillo over the departure of che
Spanish troops, and the American
soldiers are anxiously awaited.
News received from Puerto Prin?
cipe is to the effect that there is
much sickness among the Spanish
troops
There are now 9,000 Spanish sol?
diers io the province, and fully half
of them are suffering from scurvy and
dysentery. The Cubans hold the
country and refuse to permit fresh
provisions to. be ca'ried to the cities.
Occupation Begins
in October.
One Division Selected and
Under Orders to Start.
Washington, Sept 27 -A compre
becsive programme for moving troops to
Cuba bas been outlined by the war de
partaient, and its initial feature* have
teen decided upot. The result is due to
directions given by the President on
September 19. to the ?ffsct tbat de?
uils cf troops be made for Cuba.
Actiog on this Maj. Gen Miles out?
lined a pian for sen&og two dividions
; o Coba the first on? uocbr com ai aod
of Msi. Gen. Wade, to leave i? Osto
I Maj. Gen. Fitzbugh Lee, to leave io
j November. Each division will embrace
j 6,000 men, so that the plao is to have
\ some 22.000 troops io Coba or oo tbe
way within the nest 60 days.
From the fact that they go to Cuba
it does not mean that they will proceed
j directly to Habana. Oo the contrary,
j the outlook is that there will be very
few troops at Habaoa, the bulk of
them being scattered through the
western end of the island, garrisoning
the small towns, and thus gradually
potting into effect the military occupa
tion of the island. In anticipation of
the move the quartermaster's depart?
ment is preparing to have transports
available for tbe troops.
The organizations forming the Octo?
ber division are a? follows :
Cavalry brigade, composed of the
j Seventh and Eighth United States cav
i airy, to be commanded by Brig Gen.
L H. Carpenter, United States volun?
teers.
First infantry brigade, composed of
the Fifteenth United States infantry
and the Fourth United States volunteer
infantry, to be commanded by Brig.
Gen. Simon Snyder, United States
volunteers.
Second infantry brigade, composed
of the First United States infantry and
the Sixtb United States "Volunteer in?
fantry, to be commanded by Brig.
Gen E B Wilistoo, United States
volunteers.
The order leaves open the comnrand
of thc divisoo, but Gen. Snyder will be
io temporary command antill a perena
nent division commander is chosen.
Gen. Miles' recommendation of Gen.
Wade for tbis command is likely to
be carried our, although it :s still open
owing to the doubt of Gen. Wade's
being free from bis service at the
head of the Cuban commission now
holding sessions at Habana.
Although the November division,
under command of Gen. Fitzbogb Lee,
bas folly projected as a part of tbis
same programme, its formal execution
will be deferred for a time The regi?
ments forming the November division
will embrace both cavalry and infantry,
with Gen. Sumner in command of the
First brigade.
ORDERS ALREADY ISSUED.
Atlarita, Ga., Sept 27.-A special
to Tbe Constitution from Aoniston,
Ala., says : Gen Royal Fraok, com?
manding Camp Shipp, received orders
from Washington to day to get tbe First
infantry and Sixth immunes io readi?
ness to proceed to Cuba by the 20tb of
October
The First infantry arrived here last
Friday from Montaus, but the Sixth
immune is still at Chickamauga guard?
ing public property.
Josepe Wismantel. Co. C, Four?
teenth New York, died to day of ty?
phoid fever.
Dewey's 'Action Approved.
Washington, Sept 27.-The official
j account of the seizure by Admiral
Dewey of the filibustering steamer Ab?
bey, as reported in the press dispatch?
es, is contained in the following cable?
gram, received from the admiral to-day
at the navy department :
MANILA, Sept. 27.
Having received information that
tbe American steamer Abbey left
Macao September 21st with a cargo of
arms for Batangas, I sent the McCul?
lough She arrived at Batangas oo the
23rd aod found ber in the harbor, hav?
ing arrived three days earlier and land?
ed ber cargo. There were only Filipi?
nos on board. They refused to give
any information and had no papers
whatever. Seized and brought her
here, where we are now holding ber.
This etearaer was formerly the Pasig,
and is registered as an American ve6
?ei. The United States consulate at
Canton has inform?tico she made one
voyage of the same kind already.
(Signed) Dewey.
Tbe navy department very promptly
approved Admiral Dewey's action as
indicated by the following cablegram
which was sent him to-day :
Washington, Sept. 27.
Dewey, Manila :
Your action in seizing American
owned vessel Abbey approved. She is
! ameoabie to martial jurisdiction for
any violation of neutrality.
(Signed) Long.
Battleships off to Manila.
New York, Sept. 27.-The battle?
ships Oregon, Capt. A. S. Parker, and
Iowa, Capt Silas Terry, received or?
ders at the navy yard this morning to
sail 9t 8 o'clock to-morrow morning
for Manila. It is expected that it will
take tbe battleships 60 days to complete
the journey.
Tbey wiii stop at Bahia, Brazil, to
coal.
Thc cruiser Buffalo, accompanied by
two store ships, t.be Ins and the Celtic,
is expected tb follow the Oregon and
Iowa in about a week.
The happiest ladies are tboee csing the
Wbitesewing machine.
No Reconcentrados Now.
Jose Congosto Says, "God
Knows Where They Are
Gone." /
New York, Sept. 28 - Among the
passengers who arrived to-day on the
steamer City of Washington from
Habana were Dr. Jose Congosto and
Capt. Fred Sharp, of the Merritt and
Chapman Wrecking company
The City of Washington brought
41 cabin passengers and a small car?
go composed chiefly of cigars and
tobacco. In an interview Congosto
said :
"The evacuation of Cuba is & mat?
ter of time, but when I left ll?bana
everything- was progressing well.
One of the causes of delay is the fact
that we have six thousand sick who
must be taken care of. I believe the
future of the island is a social prob?
lem and not a political one It is
probable there will be large emigra
tion to the island and this emigration
may assisi, in solving the problem
There is great difficulty to be met in
view of the dangers from fever aud
climate."
Congosto was asked about the con?
dition of the reconcentrados
"There are no reconcentrados
now/' he answered with a smile
"What bas become of them ?" was
the next question.
.'Thev're gone "
"Where ?"
"God knows," was his reply.
"Do vou mean to\say they are ail
dead T>
"That probably explains it better
than I can. It is a subject which I
prefer not to discuss."
Not as Wise as the Rats.
There seems to be reasonable
ground for the expression, "You bavn't
got as mach sense as a rat," if the
statement in the October Woman's
Home Companion, by Ella Morris
Kretebmer. about eorn meal or carrots.
"The old-fashion meal," says ehe,
"was made of whole white flint corn,
ground by the burr process (crushed
between stones), gi vio g a soft fragrant,
highly nourishing product which was
capable of so many culinary variations
that the poor who made it their staple
diet might be said to have fared samp
tiousiy,' and the rich to reckon it
I among gastronomie delights "
Lovers of good corn bread, corn
meal batter cakes, muffins, ets , will
understand and appreciate these state?
ments. Bot she continues as follows :
"Some years ago 'granulated meal'
appeared, tba whole grain being cut by
the 'roller process ' This meal, while
not as sofc as the burr meal, was equal
ly sweet, nourishing and well Savored ;
in short, very acceptable. When
made of corn thoroughly dried (requir
iog"lrt)out two years') it bad 'keeping'
qualities not possessed by meal made of
fresh corn by either process-which, by
the way, wili keep perfectly for months
io cold weather, bat not more than two
or three weeks in summer So to-day
we have a granulated meal made from
corn dried io kilos in a few hours, by
beat so intense as to kill ail the charac?
teristic qualities of Savor and texture
But these losses are small compared to
greater ones. If you will examioe a
grain of corn you wi il note on ooe of
its flat sides a cooe-sbapped depression
running to the poiot where it is attach?
ed to the ear. Under the skin oovering
that depression is the germ-the vital
part of tbs grain, the muscle-builder,
brain-feeder, the part that a rat has the
intelligence to eat, leaving the rest.
Now, this soft germ substance will not
granulate, it quickest to become musty,
hence, for 'trade' considerations it is
oow entirely scooped out, leaving the
devitalized graio, the part rejected by
the rat, to be ealclined in the kita and
ground for our use. Could a more
cruel robbery be perpetrated ?
These facts are worth looking into
We have sacrificed the best part of the
wheat in our demand for absolutely
white flour, and if the nutritious part
of the corn is also lost, it behooves us
to reform our milling processes. We
are devoting a good deal of attention
now to the mixing of c:irn flour with
wheat floor, but it seems [hat wc should
devote 60tne attention to getting back
to the ?old methods of preserving the
nutritious part of the graio io both
wheat and corn fl Dur. [t ?9 gratifying
to the eye to have flour as white as
snow, but in matters of food it would
be well to consider the question of
nutriment as well as of looks.-Augus?
ta Chronicle.
Fort Mill, Sept 27 -Fire broke out
: to night at 7 o'ciock under the spin?
ning room of the Fort Mill manufactur
? ing company, being caused by a puiie}
I on a ?pinning frame. The fireman and
i the town people responded promptly to
! the alarm and had the fire under con?
trol by 8 o'clock. The superintendent
says the damage caused by fire and
water will probably amount to$15,000.
TT7 - _t- -ill_t.._V-J_
TEA CULTURE
IS A SUCCESS.
Tbe Output of a Tea Gardes
in South Carolina.
The Cost of Producing Tea and the
Profit Which May be Derived
From it
Lees than ten years ago, and soon
after the last abandonment of the last
serious attempt to grow commercial
tea in the Southern states, it seemed
worth the effort to Dr. C U. Shepard,
of Summerville, to repeat the experi?
ment on a much more diversified
plan, in the hope that conditions
might be found favorable to the suc?
cessful development of a new indus?
try, it is not necessary at this time
to enter into a description of all of
the "Pinehurst" tea gardens and the
outcome of the various experimenta
instituted therein, it siifices to
state that al! available sorts of tea,
of soils and situations were utilized,
and very divergent results obtaned,
which, futter investigations many
modify, but hardly revise. All of
which data are to be published later,
though the kind interist of the honor?
able Secretary of Agriculture, James
Wilson. "
But, in view of the chief motive
underlying the work, and especially
because of certain results recently
established which apparently prove
the fesibility of making commercial
tea in the Southern Stales, it mav be
well to publish an account o? the
"Rose Garden" patch of tea. its
site as an old piney woods pond,
with a black, rich (in humus) but
sour surface soil, overlaying quick?
sand and, yet io wer, clay. The
ground was thoroughly subsoil drain?
ed, heavily sweetened with burnt
marl and deeply ploughed. About
1,000 plants of acclimatized Assame
hybrid tea were set out at 6 by 6
feet, "quincunx " Whether from
the slowness experienced in over?
coming the original acidity of the soil
or from the comparatively feeble
growth of the seedlings during the
first few years-in this respect re?
sembling its relative, the camellia
jap?nica-little progress was made
from 1890, the date of the establish?
ment of the garden, until 1894, al-'
though some leaf was plucked from
it in 1892.
Again, the system of pruning
practiced at the start of the experi?
mentation, whereby ciean sterns were
maintained, had to be abandoned
after the loss of many plants and a
degree of disappointment which
almost caused the cessation of fur?
ther work in this direction.
At present the garden contains
about 800 vigorous bushes, each one
composed of many stems, the resuit
of cutting out the original main stem
and inducing a luxuriant sucker
growth. There are also about 200
younger plants occupying the places
where older ones died ; they natu?
rally produce less leaf. Altogether
this garden of less than an acre may
be fairly regarded as containing the
equivalent of 900 plants in good
bearing :
The output of green leaf from it
has been as follows : Crop of 1892,
56 pounds ; crop nf 1893, 81 pounds;
ci'op of 1894, 151 pounds ; crop of
1895, 333 pounds ; crop of 1896
600 pounds; crop of 1897, 648
pounds ; cropof 1898, 1,000 pounds
to September 1, with the prospect of
reaching almost 1,200 pounds by the
end of the season.
It is to be noted that there has
been a material increase each year
over the preceding, amounting to
almost if not quite 100 per cent,
with the exception of 1897, when a
prolonged autumnal drought mate?
rially interfered with the leaf produc?
tion. It is, of course, impossible to
foretell to what limits this expansion
may extend before reaching that
slight annual variation which marks
the maturity of the plant. But it |
would not be surprising if the out
turn were doubled within a year or
two. Twelve hundred and sixty
pounds of green leaf will afford 300
pounds of standard Pinehurst black
tea.
On a baeis of 900 plants in the
"Rose garden," the production per j
bush is five ounces of tea If it I
were a foll acre the yieid would
approximate 400 pounds And if
the plants had been placed at shorter
distances apart, as is the practice j
in the Orient and now at Pinehurst,
the output per acre should be mate?
rially larger. The average yearly
production per bush in Japan does
not exceed one ounce ; in China it is
from one to two ounces ; in India
and Ceylon three to five ounces In !
the last named countries there are
estates which annually produce over
1,000 pounds of tea to the acre ; but
they constitute the rare exceptions
Oriental tea gardens usually contain ]
about 2,000 plants to the acre.
acre affords good ground for the
belief that commercial tea may be
grown in Sooth Carolina in quantity
quite comparable with the average
yield of the most favorably situated
! Oriental countries. But the "Rose
I garden" is not to be regarded as an
j exceptional result, nor of difficult
! imitation. Two iarger gardens, also
j formerly piney woods ponds planted
j with Darjeeling, promise successful
i rivalry within a few years. And yet
I others appear to be awakening to a
: more vigorous productiveness,
j The cast of 300 pounds of tea from
the "Rose garden," by reasons of its
greater productiveness, is much less
than that from Pinehurst, as a whole,
j And yet it is evident that very mate?
rial reductions might be secured were
I its area even only ten-fold enlarged,
much more so did it contain 100 acres
The following tables show the actual
cost of the several operations in the
growth, picking and curing of the
crop of 1898 in the Rose garden, as
also the estimated and materially re
duced expense for the same rate of
production on a larger scale.
Possible
Actual cast redaced cost
per pouod. per pound.
Praniog 3 c 2c
Manuring 3 C 2c
Cultiva.ion l%z lc
Leaf picking: 14 c 8c
Factory work 6 c 3c
27jc 16:
A glf.nce at the above table shows I
that the chief expense is that of gath?
ering the leaf. Experience has de
I mon8trated that a smart lad or grown
girl can pick from a good "flush"
twenty pounds of green laaf in ten
j hours, or, say, enough to make five
! pounds of tea. This should be done
j for 30 cents, or at 6 cents per pound.
The supervision in the fieid will add
? 1 cent. With immature plants or
poor "flusher" there is necessarily
much more labor to be spent, and
consequently more time in securing
the same amount of leaf. Again, the
"fineness" of the plucking materially
influences its cost. The picking of
a coarser and larger leaf or two from
each shoot greatly increases the yield
and lessens the cost. Bat with me?
dium leaf picking and in Southern
localities where labor is cheap, with
an outturn of at least 400 ponnds of
tea to the acre, this expense should
not exceed 8 cents per pound.
There remains to be considered
the cost of superitendence and the
fixed charges for the outlay in the es?
tablishment of the garden and its
maintenance until self supporting.
As to the former, the cost will large
I ly depend on the size of the crop ;
on a production of 100,000 pounds
i per annum it should not exceed 2
cents per pound of tea. The ex?
pense of putting the land in suitable
condition for a tea garden should not
j exceed that for any other intensive
i crop. The cost of raising and set
j tieg out the tea seedings will vary
! from ?25 to $50 per acre, according
to whether raised from domestic or
foreign seeds. In the establishment
of a Sarge tea estate the initial ex
penses are necessarily heavy, but it
should be borne in mind that once
well done it is practically for all time.
The best Japanese tea is said to be
gathered from bushes 200 years old.
The leaf plucked from the "Rose
garden,''as indeed from the whole
estate, is fine, i e., it very rar
oosis ts of more than the Pekoe tip
and two leave?, and then only to the
first Souchong. Heretofore, and with?
out the aid of a "protective duty," it has
been possible to sell all of the Pine
burst (black) tea $1 per pound retail.
It remains to be seen whether the duty
will be repealed now that hostilities
have ceased, or, if not, what effect
it will have on the price of the better
trades of tea. But after all deductions
-and they are not to be underrated
it must ba realized that there is a
wide margin 'of profit between the
cost of one pouod of "Rose garden."
tea, if produced oo a large scale, say
25 cents, and the wholesale prioe of
anj equally good imported tea, say 50
cents A profit of 10 cent per
poufcd means a profit of ?40 per acre
oo an production of 400 pouods of tea.
! And higher profits per pouod, with
increasing yield per acre, wili rapidly
swell the income.
The "Rope garden" has apperentiy
j demonstrated that commercial tea may
! be successfully growo io Sooth Caro- j
lina. The utilization of this knowledge
may be along several lines, but all of
thom involve the erection of a suitable
equipped factory, costing from a few
thousand dollars upwards, according to
the proposed scale of operations. Io
some countries the bulk of the tea leaf
is raised by small farmers, who, at the
most, only prepare it sufficiently to
insure its safe delivery at factories in
the larger, often distant, towns. Or in
other districts the extensive tea estates
erect factories sufficient to handle not
only the output of their own gardens,
but also that of the smaller producers
in their neighborhoods. As in all other
branches of manufacture, modern tend?
ency is towards centralisation and the
cheapening of processes by increasing
tbo volume of production. Machine?
maoafacture of black tea, and thus ic
has come about tbs? a well equipped
factory is indispensable io making
that sort.
The prepararon of green tea still in?
volves much and tBiliful manual labor,
and it is, therefore, questionable wheth?
er it can he profitably produced in this
country, in spite or a decided national
preferance for 'his sore. Machines,
adapted for making this class of goods
will surely fr,tk>w tbe o ?mmercial reali?
zation of the tapte of-tbe tea-drioking
public.-New6 and* Courier.
- mm-??-^
New York Democracy.
{Brother of New York's
Mayor Nominated for
Governor.
Syracuse, Sept. 29.-The Demo?
cratic convention of New York State
at its convention to day named this
ticket :
For Governor-Augustus Van
Wyck'of Kings.
Lieut. Governor-Elliott Danforth
of Chenango.
Secretary of State-George W.
Batten of .Niagara.
Comptroller-Edward S. Atwater
of Duchess.
State Treasurer-E. P. Morris of
Wayne.
Attorney General-Thomas F.
Conway of Clinton.
State Engineer and Surveyor
Martie Schenck of Rennselaer.
Contrary to all expectations acd to
the indications of last night and early
this morning the convention was
very harmonious, the only contest
being for the nomination of governor,
and only one ballot being taken on
that. /
Judge Van Wyck is a brother of
Mayor Van Wyck of Greater New
York.
Maj. Marcus B. Stokes.
Maj. Marcus Stakes, of the First
South Carolina volunteers, who is a
lioutenant in the Tenth United
States infantry, will not return to Co?
lumbia permanently, moen to tho re?
gret of his many friends in the- city
and State. Lieut. Stokes bas been
stationed here more than two years,
being detailed hy ;he government to
remain here for the purpose of instruct?
ing the militia.
He states that as soon as he is must?
ered oat of tbe volunteer service be
will rejoin bis company, which bas
been ordered, or will be, to go to Cuba.
Lieut. Stokes desiree to go there with
them.-The Statee
Why the Soldiers Got Sick.
"Not many evenings since," says
the Florida Times-Uoion, "three con?
valescents arrived at tbe Terminal sta?
tion, with 30 day furloughs enugly
tucked away in their jeaos. They dis?
covered on arriving at tbe station that
they bad an hour to wait before the de?
parture of their traio, and this is tbe
way tbey filled tbe time : A bottle of
whiskey that had been provided against
tbe emergencies of travel was con?
sumed by the trio. Next, a lot of
pears were found and devoured. Wan?
dering across the street they purchased
a pound of soda wafers, and soon the
package was stored away. Finally a
small negro came in sight having for
sale a lot of boiled crabs lt was the
work of but a moment for tbe sick he?
roes to become the owners of these de?
licacies, aod they were soon out of
sight. The -rain by this time has been
made up, and the soldiers entered and
found their places, and dering the wait
before the train pulled out of the station
ooe of the trio exclaimed : 'I declare, I
don't feel very well. I am glad I'm
goiog to get out of this .'cussed'' cli?
mate. It don't agree witb me a little
bit.' "
Manila, Sept. 29 -The declaration
was ratified at Malolos yesterday amid
great festivities A review of the
troops was held and recitations were
delivered. The feature of tbe cere?
monies was the address of Aguinaldo
Many foreigners attended tbe State
ball in the evening, but no American
fficials were present.
POWDER
Absolutely Pure