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ron WATCH KAN, JteaMMkfri April, 1850. 'Be Just and Fear not-Let all the Ends thou Aixns't at, be thy Country's, thy God's and Truth's." THE TRUE SOUTHRON, Eatablilahed June, 1266. Consolidated Aug. 2,1881. SUMTER, S. C., WEDNESDAY, FEBRUARY 7, 1894. New Series-Vol. JUL So. 28. PnMJafced Spry ToA&Mda?9 KT. Gk Osteen, SUMTER, S. C. : TERMS : Two Dollars per annum-io advance. ADVBBTISBMEKT: OD? Square first insertion........00 Every subsequent insertion .......... 50 Contracts for three months, or longer will oe made at reduced rates. AH communications which subserve pr?vate ?nteres ts will be charged for as advertisements. Obituaries and tributes of respect will be charged for. TOE B.41 OP SUMTKR, SUMTER, S. C. CITY AND COUNTY DEPOSITORY. Transacts a general Banking business Abo has A Savings Bank Department, Deposits of $1.00 and upwards received. Interest calculated at the rate of 4 per cent, per assam, payable quarterly. \ W. F. B. HAYNSWORTH, W. F/RHAJW, President. Cashier. TR SIMMS MHOH?L ftUHK OF SUMTER STATE, CITY AND COUNTY DEPOSI? TORY, S?MTEti, S. C. Paid np Capital . . . . . $75,000 00 Surplus Fund . . . . . , 11,500 00 Liabilities of Stockholders to depositors acccording to the law governing National Banks, in excess of their stock . . $75,000 00 Transacts a General Banking Business. Careful attention given to collections. SAVINGS DEPARTMENT. - Deposits of $1 and upwards received. In? terest allowed at the rate of 4 per cent, per annum. Payable quarterly, on first days of January, April, July and October. R. M. WALLACE, L. S. CARSON, President. Aug 7. Cashier. RICE MILLS, CORN MILLS, SAWMILLS. RICE PLANTERS and RICE MILLERS can bny a single machine, that will clean, hull and polish rice ready for market for $350. Corn millers can buy. best FRENCH BURR * MILL, in iron frame, fully guaranteed-ca? pacity ten bushels meal per hour for $115. Saw millers can hov best variable friction FEED MILL from $190 up to the largest size, also Gang Rip Saws, Edgers* Swing Saws, Planing Machines and all other Wood Working' Machinery. Also Talbott's Engines and Boilers. Special discounts made to cash purchasers Can meet any competition, quality considered V. C. BADHAM, Apr 19-o COLUMBIA, S. C. INSURANCE INSURE YOUR LIFE -WITH THE MUTUAL LIFE Insurance Company, OF NEW YORK, THE LARGEST MONIED INSTITUTION IN THE WORLD. Take your Accident Policy in the EMPLOYERS' LIABILITY OF ENGLAND. Insure against Fire in THE CONTINENTAL OF NEW YORK. THE MERCHANTS, OF NEWARK, N. J. THE INSURANCE CO., OF NORTH AMERICA. THE QUEEN OF AMERICA. THE PHONIX ASSURANCE OF ENGLAND. THE NORWICH UNION OF ENGLAND. THE MECHANICS AND TRADERS ofN. O. All First Class and represented by ALTAMONT MOSES. A. WHITE & SON, Fire insurance Agency, ESTABLISHED 1866. Represent, among other Companies : LIVERPOOL & LONDON k GLOBE, NORTH BRITISH & MERCANTILE, HOME, of New York. UNDERWRITERS' AGENCY, N. Y., LANCASTER INSURANCE CO. Capital represented $75,000,000. Feb. 12_ JOS. F. RHAME. WM. C. DAVIS. RHAME & DAVIS, ATTORNEYS AT LAW, MANNING, S. C. Attend to business in any part of the State Practice in U. S. Courts. Sept. 21-x. Concerning Flat Money. The task of enunciating the principles of Jeffersonian Democracy is so pleasant that we cannot resist the temptation to turn to it again. Jefferson's principles, like Albemarle pippins, have so tooth? some a flavor, and leave such a delici?os impression oo the palate that sach ooe gives increased test for another, aod the more ooe tastes, the more ooe wonts. We propose this morning to give a somewhat foll history of the attitude, not only of Jeffersonian Democracy, bot all statesmanship, of whatever party, previous to 1860, io reference to the Populist scheme of baviog the general government issue a billion dollars of legal tender paper money. The secret journals of the Coostitu tiooal Cooveotion, published by order of Congress, are found io the first vol?me of Elliott's Debates. From them it appears that OD the 6th of August, 1787, a select committee reported a draft of a proposed Constitu? tion. Article VII of this draft related to the powers of Congress. Among its sections and claoses were the followiog : "4, to ooio money ; 5, to reg?late the ?aloe of foreign coios ; 6, to fix the standard of weights and measures 7, to establish postoffices ; 8, to borrow money and emit bills on the credit of the United States" On the 16th, a motion to strike oot the words, "aod emit bills/' was car? ried by a vote of oine States to two, (New Jersey and Maryland.) Article XII provided that "oo State shall coin money." To this was added, 'nor emit bills of credit, oor make anything bot gold aod silver coin s tender io payment of debts.'* Luther Martin, a delegate from Mary land, published a letter opposing the ratification of the COD S ? tu ti OD. IO the followiog words be calls atteotioo to the provision regarding money : "By our original Articles of Con fed eratioo, the Congress have power to borrow money aod emit bills of credit oo the credit of the United States ; agreeable to which was the report on this system as made by the committee of detail. Wheo we came to this part of the * report a motioo was made to strike oot the words 'to emit bills of credit." Against the motion we urged that it would be improper to deprive CoQgress: that it would be a novelty unprecedented to establish a govern? ment which should not have each authority. That it was impossible to look forward into futurity so far as to decide that events might not happen that should reeder the exercise of suca a power absolutely necessary ; aod that we doubted whether if a war should take place it would be possible for this couotry to defend itself without having recourse to paper credit, io which case there would be a necessity of becoming a prey to our enemies, or violating the Constitution of our geveromeut; j aod that considering the administration of the government would be principally in the bands of the wealthy, there could be little reason to fear an abuse of the power by ao unnecessary or injur? ious exercise of it "But a majority of the Convention, (oine States to two, * * Ed.) being wise beyood aoy event, and being willing to risk any possible evil rather than admit; the idea of a paper emission on any possible case, refused to entrust this authority to a govern? ment to which they were lavishing the most uolimited powers of taxation aod to the mercy of which they were willing bliodly to trust the liberty aod property of the citizens of every State io the Union; and they erased that clause from the system." (Elliott's Debates ; I, 413.) The fathers of Constitution, most of whom, it will be remembered, were after? wards Federalists, were so mindful of the disasters that had been caused by paper issues of the colonies and of the Congress duriog the Revolution, that they deliberately preferred as Mr. Mar t?o shows, to risk any possible evil rather tbao "admit the idea of a paper emission oo aoy possible case," and when they "erased that clause from the Constitution" they gave notice to the world that, under the Constitution, neither the Con gr -ss nor any State should ever emit a bill of credit, or make anything bot silver and gold a legal tender in payment of debt. Still more was such au issue abhorreot to the strict constructionists of the Jeffersonian school, after the Constitution was adopted. In the throes of the civil war, when the armies of Lee and Stonewall Jack? son and others had so pressed Lincoln's government that it oould not beg or borrow money, it attempted to create it by the issue of legal tender paper money, against the protest of Democrats and Constitution-lovers. Chase was the Secretary that issued it. But when he became Chief Justice he united with a majority of the Court to declare the issue unconstitutional. Then Grant packed the Court aod secured a divided opinion that the issue was justifiable as a war measure. Thad. Stevens him? self admitted that the party bad camped outside of the Constitution. Not ontil recently was it decided by a Republican Court, the only Democrat, Judge Field, vigorously dissenting, that such an issue may be made by Congress a* a sovereign. Hugh McCullough, a libe? ral Republican, says "It was a surprise to the country. * * * The power to make government notes a legal ten? der was certainly not inferable from the power to coin money ; and hence the Court was bound to take the ground that the United States was a nation. * * * This decision clothes a Republicao government with imperial power." He adds tb at the contest bas always been between "those that thought that Congress possessed oo power oot expressly granted ; and those that thought that Congress possessed all power not specially prohibited by the Constitution/' The first class, of course, are Democrats ; the second, by turns Federals, Whigs, Greenbackers, and Populists. The Constitution was never amended to suit Martin's views. Ao issue of legal paper would rest on the mere dictum of a divided Supreme Court that shocked not only all Democrats, bot almost all Republicans as well, and which has been proven by citations from the original draft of the Constitu? tion to be directly counter to the inten? tion of the framers of that instrument. Are we to believe that the men, how? ever good and true, that advocate this measure, are Jeffersonian Democrats'? -The State. Steel Sails Tom Johnson tried to serve bis country as to the tariff, but there was not enough sand in the Democratic craw in the House to stand free steel rails. The New York Evening Post say s that the adverse vote, was due rather to a desire on the part of the Democrats to appear very conservative than to any belief that a duty on rails was really necessary. The Democrats were afraid to stand by their promises to (he people and the law of their party. That is- the whole of it. The Evening Post publishes a letter from a Republican who never gave a Democratic vote in his life. He is writing to a brother Republican, a member of Congress. Referring to Carneige's indorsement of the protect? ive Wilson bill he says : "lt was doubt? less his influence which caused our peo? ple to place the duty on steel rails at the absurd rate of $13 a ton, aod it was jost such absurdities as this that caused the defeat of our party ." Writing to the same Representative when the McKinley bill was under con? sideration he prophesied defeat for the party. He now says aod he knows what he is talking about : "Now the Wilson bill is just as pro? tective, so far as the importation of steel rails is concerned, as was the Mc? Kinley bill. In other words 25 per ceot. duty is just as effective to prevent the importation of steels rails as was the thirteen-dollar duty, and therefore Mr. Carnegie gives a willing adhereoce to the oew order of things." Read this in connection with Tom Johnsons game, honest, telling, needed speech and you will see how insufficient, how full of protection is the Wilson "makeshift." The same writer says : "I do not think the* Democratic party should be permitted to pose as a free trade or revenue-tariff party, and at the same time play the role of protec? tionists, aB in th J above case. Smoke 'em out." That is good and deserved, which is bad. The Iron Age shows that South? ern iron is worth $7,00 and Cleveland (England) iron is worth$8.66; Ameri? can Bessemer iron is worth $10.50 ; English Bessemer iron $11 13 : Ameri? can steel billets $16.75, and billets at Barrows, England. $20.16. Please compare and see where the need of protection comes in. The American Manufacturer of Jan? uary 19th notices a sale of Southern pig iron at $5.50 per too at the works cost? ing $9.50 delivered at Pittsburg, the freight being $4. The same paper quotes Middlesbrough pig (the lowest made in England, at 35 shillings 6 pence, which is the equivalent of $8.83. That looks as if England would have to protect against the United States. With the Wilson bill's protection American steel rail makers with compel purchasers to pay $24 or $25 a ton for Bteel rails which can be made at $17 50, The present duty or tax is $13.44 per ton or more than 75 per cent, ad valorem. Think of that.-Wilming? ton Messenger. - -- 11 i The Supreme Court of the United States should be if possible entirely above and beyond the domain of machine politics in the appoinment or confirmation of the members who compose it. It is to be supposed that if a President whose duty it be? comes to fill a vacancy that may oc? cur can find a competent man within his own party he will give the prefer? ence to his party in the selection. That is to be expected and that has in late years at least been the rule. Wheo the appointment is made unless there be some good ground for opposition outside of the fact that the appointee may be unaccept? able to this or that Senator, because, although belonging to the same party, they may have antagonized each other there should be no oppo? sition. The Domination of Mr. Horn blower to fill the vacancy caused by the death . of Judge Blatch fort, was bung up for mooths, and was Goally rejected because the New ?ork Sen? ators were opposed to it. They said j he was not qualified for the position. If this be so they were right in their op? position ; if not they were wrong. Mr. Peckham's name has beeo sent to the Senate by the President, and it is. re? ported that Senator Hill will do all he can to have him rejected. Al? though a Democrat be bas been an outspoken "and aggressive anti-Hill man, and for this reason Mr Hill is whetting his knife. Mr. Peckham has the reputation of being a very able jurist, and fully qualified for the position. If ibis be so, Mr. Hill ts not justified in opposing bim, for while Mr. Hill may have his likes and dislikes, may have his ambitions, and would punish his enemies as he would reward his friends, the people of the United States who have busi? ness in the Supreme Court have in? terests paramount to the piques, ambitioos or resentments of Sena? tors. "Senatorial courtesy" is good enough in its place bat the "coartesy" that can be thus abused ought to be called by some other name. Caughman on Carolina Poli? tics. Washington, D. C., Jan. 29 - F. 0. Caughman, of South Caro? lina, now in Washington, was in? terviewed apon the present political sitaatioo in that State by the Chronicle correspondent. Mr. Caughman is Reading Clerk of the Sooth Carolina Seoate, and has been for four years. He was asked, "What is the main cause of the trouble, politically among the masses of the Reformers ?" He answered at length, and said : 'The great trouble among the masses, of the Reform element is that their leaders have, to a large extent, proven false to the promises of retrenchment and reform. They have learned," he cootinued, "by experience, when they went to pay taxes, that Reform was only a name. To begin with, when B. R. Tillman and the Reform Legislature came into power in 1890 the taxable assessable property in the State was, in round numbers, one hundred and forty five million dollars, and the total State levy was 4 1-4 mills. After two years of Tillman administration the taxable assessable property reached tbe large sum of one hundred and sixty-eight millions, while the State's levy bas gooe to 5 1-2 mills, and only those institutions are receiving their usual appropriations as under the former ad? ministrations. "Another reason of-the dissatisfaction is that a majority of their leaders are demagogues of the deepest dye, and have fooled the people. I speak what I know, having had the best opportu? nity to view the manner in which the laws of South Carolina are enacted. The majority of the members of the General Assembly of my State are utterly destitute of the knowledge of the rightful limits of their powers. They go madly on, driven by their desperate executive, and the influence of the caldron of political prejudices, not mindful that their office is to declare and enforce only the natural rights and duties of their constituents." "What makes you think that the people have come to such conclusions ?" ! "From the large intercourse I have had with them I can readily see that they feel that a number of unconstitu , tiooal acts, bearing heavily upon them, j have been placed upon the statute books I affecting their legal rights, and they do not hesitate to say that the men whom they entrusted'witb the management of the government, have proven false to every promise and ignored every ! principle embodied io the plat? form of the reform movement. "They have awakened to the situation, and found their demagogues wrangling to a great degree among themselves as to who shall obtain personal aggrandise? ment at the hands of those whom they have so wantonly deceived in the past, and they intend in the future to rele? gate those deceptive leaders to the rear, and select a more conservative set of representatives from the executive down." "What do you think will be the final result of the so mncb talked of Dispensary law in your State ?" "That can be easily answered; it will die of its own weight, because all of the right thinking people of tho State know and feel that it is one of the most outrageous and infernal acts of legislation that ever disgraced the stat? ute books of any civilized nation. There is every element in it that makes it revolting and disgusting to every de? cent community. It is an act which strikes at the very individuality of every citizen, and seeks to invade the saoctityof every home and household in the State. It carries with it certain sections which are odious to every sen? sibility where decency reigns, and is but typical of the fanaticism that pre? vailed in the last General Assembly, and its utter disregard for constitution? al legislation. "There are other acts of the same body which are receiving the condem? nation of the citizens of our State, namely, that of the redistricting bill, which places Charleston in and ander negro role, and will meet with the prop? er rebuke at the next election. Then, again, there is another act which is being greatly condemned by the people, and that is the act creating a public printer, by which the public priotiog bas a fixed price allowed, thereby preventing competition from responsible parties for the poblic printing and expending thousands of dollars of the people's money, to their detriment. It was done to give it to a partisan paper, which is considered worse than any act of Republican legislation io the dark days of radical misrule and corrup? tion. This act repealed the act gi vio g it to the lowest bidder. There have also been a number of acts passed by the Legislature of our State in the last two years, wbi-h in their results have become death blows to railroads aod other corporations, thereby rendering a great many people helpless aod without the necessities of life. "The most important feature of the Dispensary law which is destructive to the individual right of each citizeo, is that which prohibits the citizen from sending to North Carolina or Augusta his $1.50 for his gallon of whiskey, which is pure corn whiskey, and forces him to go the Dispensary and pay $3 per gallon for the most dis? gusting stuff, purporting to be corn whiskey, from Cincinnati, Ohio, there? by robbing the poor man out $1,50, and giving it to a paid force of dis? gusting spies at $2 per day to watch the homes of citizens of the State, aod also to pay his chief bartender $3,000 per year, to send his liquid damnation broadcast over the State to debauch and degrade the commons at large. This does not affect the rich man for he will not drink this vile stuff, and can have it sent to him through the mysterious agents of friendship. There is another grade of whiskey I would like to call your attention, to, and that is the XXXX brand, which is sold in Augusta Georgia for $4 per gallon, and the poor man in South Carolina is forced to pay $10 per gallon, which is as much as to say to the poor man that put Tillman and his crew iu power, this is too good for you to drink, and I will place it beyood your purse.'' "Do you think that the Reform movement as first augmented, is weaken? ing today ?" "I do not. It is as strong as ever, but some of the leaders will be given a back seat and the true men will be broogbt to the front." "What do you think of the Sena? torial race in your State, should it be? come an issue between Governor Till? man and Senator Butler?" **My opinion is that the people of South Carolina realize the importance of retaining the Hon. M. C Butler in the Senate, and have too high a regard for him as a statesman and a patriot and know him to be as true in peace as he was in war, and at the proper time will show to the world their esteem and confidence, and know that the loss of bim would be a national calamity. He will be elected by at least a majority of twenty-three on a joint ballot in the General Assembly, and can carry the State in a primary by 40,000 major? ity."-A.. W. Butt, in Augusta Chronicle. We are not Pleased. Governor Tillman bas let Senator Irby get the best of him. While the governor would not go to the extent of agreeing to a July convention he and Irby agreed that there would be no preliminary convention, neither March nor July, but that it should be a free fight io the primaries, allowing all democrats to vote, The Herald desires here and now to register the prediction that this will not go. Tillman and Irby are powerful men and have the State in a swing, but when they under? take to say that the Farmers' Movement shall not hold a convention to suggest its preference for gubernatorial honors, without consulting other leaders of the alleged movement, they have in the language of the poet "bit off more than they can swallow." No sir, the Farmers' Movement is not to be deprived of its right to suggest a suitable man to lead its hosts They have the right and the precedent, and it does not lie in the mouth of the two beneficiaries of the movement to delay the game. It is a pretty idea for these two men who have been provided for to to stop the deal and leave the Reform? ers to the tender mercies of the unwash? ed, without a general but with a whole army of colonels. Bot it is not practi? cal politics and it wont't go here. Governor Tillman and Senator Irby have sent out this report to the Associ Highest of all in Leavening Poi ABSOUT a ted Press, thinking thereby to tickle the Conservatives, by telling them they can vote. Bat the Conservatives refuse to be tickled. They pick their own time to laugh aod will vote when and how they see proper. This scheme may be satisfactory in Wash? ington bot the people are not pleased. The people want a convention to meet and say that John Gary Evans is the Moses to lead the horny handed sons of toil. ?8 the original Gary organ we kick against this dictation. We are - unwilling to jeopardize the interests of oar Aiken man io a free for all race io which a Conservative will be allowed ao equal voice with a Reformer. And we are going to win, mark that predic? tion.-Spartanburg Herald. - ? * - The South Forging Ahead. Io 1880. there were but 161 cotton mills io all Soutblaod. To-day North Carolina has about HO mills. Tho number now reported in the Sooth varies. Ooe statement is 287; another state? ment is 318. Both figures appear io the same camber of the Chattanooga Trades mao. There is also a contradic? tion as to the comber of bales used io 1893. Ooe statement is 743,848 bales. Another statement is 604.666 bales-a considerable difference. There is one fact about which there cao be co mistake-there is vast in? crease io cottoo milliog sioce 1880. The annual product theo was about $16,000,000. Io 1893, it was $54, 199,379. There is mach improved machinery ! beiog used Io this State there is a fin? ishing factory, the only poe io the Sooth. The Sooth holds the best cards io the manufacturing business. Its climate is more favorable than that of the North, and particularly of cold New Eogland. There is but ooe factory in Wilmington. There ought to be a dozen. There has not been a flake of snow this winter, and hardly a film of ice. In eighteen winters here we have seen bot two snows worth the name and they were bat two or three inches deep and soon disappeared Severe weather here is rare. There has been very little io the last decade. Where water power is relied upon in New England the chances of interruption by freezing must be tenor twenty times as great as in North Carolina aud the States sooth of it. So climate bas a great deal to do io the estimate. Labor is cheaper. The cotton is right at the mills. Both of these are leading questions in determining ad? vantages. Fuel is auotber item and an important one. It is much cheaper here than in the North. Water power abounds without limitation. North Carolina alone has more than eighty rivers. There is no limit to water power in our State. South Carolina is also remarkably favored in this respect. A writer in the Tradesman says that water in the South costs but 28 per cent, of what it costs io the North-a big item. He says that South Carolina has water power eoough to move fac? tories that would give employment to 1,200,000 people. We would suppose that North Carolina has double that quantity. The markets are nearer the South than those of New Eogland. That is another important item in tbe count. Sooth Carolioa leads. It consom?s more cottoo than any Southern State. Georgia comes ?iext and North Carolina third. In this State good blankets and ginghams of vari?os grades are made. A great deal of Southern goods is going beyond seas. The Clifton Mills, near Spartanburg, S. C., are now running on an order for goods that go to China. The mills in upper North Carolina have shipped large quantities of goods to China through a period now covering several years. The Fries mills at Salem, North Carolioa, have shipped large orders of goods to South America. A number of the plaid and gingham mills in North Carolina have organized ao export company, aod all surplus products these mills make, over aod above what the domestic trade will take, is exported, Let the South push on and rely upon its advanages, its industry, its skill, and not upon high tariff taxes which are wrong in principle aud unjust io application.-Wilmington Messenger. Backlen's Arnica Salve. Tb? Best Salve in the world for Cut?, Bruis?? Sores, Ulcers, Salt Rheum. Fever Sores, Tetter, Chapped Hands Chilblains, Corns and all Skin Eruptions, and positively cares Piles, or no pay required. It is guaranteed to give per. feet satisfaction, or money refunded. nriee 25 cents per box. For sale by Dr. J. F. W De Lonne. ver.-Latest U. S. Gov't Report Baking i Powder ma Pim