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HEB SUMTKK WATCHMAN, Established April, IS SO. "Be Just and Fear not-Let all the Ends thou Aims't at, be thy Country's, thy God's and Truth's THE TRUE SOUTH RON, Established June, 1866 Consolidated Aug. 2, 1881.1 Pt?Us&od every Tuusday, sr NV OSTEEN, SUMTER, S. a TEEMS : Two Dollars per annum-in advance. ADVERTISKKSKTS. 0*e Square, first msertion-..?..*?..~*..?$I 00 S very subsequent insertion.-.- 50 Goa tracts for three montis, or longer will be made at reduced rates. Al! communications which subserve private Dieresis will be charged for as advertisements. Obituaries and tributes of respect will be charged for. cc BEST TON IC. This medicine, corohmrng Iron with pure vegetable tonics, quickly ard completely Cares Draftepaia* lafisestkw. Weakocim, lazare Blood. Malazie Chill? ?od Ferren.. J^sa^unfailm?Te2nedy fer Diseases of the It- ts invaluable Sir Diseases peculiar to Women? and ail who lead sedentary lives. Itdoes not injure the teetk^caose bea&acke.or produce constipation ?Ober Iron medicines do. IfceaiicfaesauSiftpBittBrthe&i^ theappeGte, aids the assimilation of food, re? lieves Heartburn and Belching, and strength? ens the muscles and nerves. For Intermittent Fevers, Lassitude, Lack of Energy, <fca, it has no equal S^- The genuine has above trade mart and crossed red lines on wrapper. Take no other. lb** m&*jj OiOWaqpglCAL ?Oj, BXLTtaOXK. MBU corros BITTOC MATTRESSES. \1THEKK Wg SPEND ALMOST HALF W ^of our Efe should be made as comfort? able as possible, and for the purpose of j aiding this good work, and making some nouey, we sow offer the best COTTON BAT? TING MATTRESS ever put noon this market. Three grades now made-$5.00, $6.00,37.00. Sample and foil information at Store of j Treasurer, A.Moses. Satisfaction guaranteed in every case, or money refunded. SUMTER COTTON MILLS fc BARTA COL, Importers and Wholesale Dealers in FRUIT ! CHARLESTON, S. C., "Are receiving by steamer and rail from tbe North and West full supplies each week of CHOICE APPLES, PEARS, LEMONS. PO? TATOES, CABBAGES, ONIONS, NUTS OF ALL KINDS, ETC., ETC. Orders solicited and promptly filled. Nov 9 x_ IMPORTANT TO HOUSEKEEPERS! ? . L'HAVE OPENED A GREEN GROCERY ON LIBERTY STREET, NEAR MAIN. I w?llceep constantly on hand Fresh Tennessee Beef, PORK, TEAL, MUTTON, AND SAUSAGES. Give me a call and save time and money. Goods delivered free. % O. WESTON, Nor. 9 ii Sumter, S. C. FALL MD TOTER MILLINERY. fe TO rt EB ILLER * Jr - Are prepared to. furnish their friends and patrons with Trimmed and Untrimmed HATS ANIX BONNETS FEATHERS, 'FLOWERS, RIBBONS, ?c., in great variety. ZEPHYRS AND CANVAS. Goods shown with pleasure. Call and examine our stock before pur? chasing elsewhere. October 26._ jr. D CRAIG, ESTABLI^^O 1856. FURNITURE DEALER A2?D UNDERTAKER, MAIS STREET, s. c WOULD THANK HTS FRIENDS and the public generally for their liberal patronage in the past, and hopes by low prices and fair dealing io merit a continuance of the same. He has received already a large and varied assortment of HOUSEHOLD 3?* XX Y ld 1 *tUL IT O for the Fall Trade, to wbfcb weekly additions are being made, and '-..ere can be found IN HIS WELL STOCKED ROOMS as great ?display of FURNITURE OF ALL GRADES as ia the first-class city bouses. He has bought bis goods DIRECT FROM ; THE FACTORIES, at lowest prices to be had ? and proposes to give bis customers the full benefi^of his bargains. PARLOR SUITES, Wood and Marble-Top Bed Room Suites, Bedsteads, Mattresses, Spring Beds, Chairs, Sideboards, Sofas, Lounges, Safes, Bureaus, Washstands Pictures, Picture Frames, Window Shades, and all other articles supplied by the furniture trade. -ALSO, WINDOW GLASS AND PUTTY. ? Call at his store and be convinced by a per? sonal examination of goods and prices tbat these assertions are true. He takes pleasure in showing customers around. THE UNDERTAKING DEPARTMENT, Is complete with a large number of styles of Coffins and Caskets, from the smallest to the largest sizes made, and at as reasonable prices as the same can be bought anywhere. Calls promptly attended to, day or night. J. D. CRAIG. Oct 5_ Is onine*n Philadelphia at toe Newspaper Aaver tfedng Agency of Mesura VOM? oar authorised agent? THE SABBATH BELLS. The old man sits in his easy chair, And his ear has caneht the ringing Of many a church bell far and near, Their own sweet rnosic singing. ? And hi? head sinks lower on his aged breast, Whi!^- his thoughts far back are reaching To the Sabbath norn of his boyish days, And a mother's sacred teaching. A few years later, and lo ! the bells A merrier strain were pealing, And heavenward bore the marriage vows Whicb his manhood's joys were sealing. But the old man's eyes are dimming now, As memory bolds before him The sad, sad picture of later years. When the tide of grief rolled o'er him. When , the bells were tolling for loved ones gone; For the wife, for the sons and daughters, "Who oucby one, from bis home went out, And dbwa into death's d?rk waters. But the aged heart has still one joy Which his old life daily blesses, And bis eyes grow bright and hi3 pulses warm 'Neath a grandchild's sweet caresses. But the old man wakes from his reverie And the dear old face is smiling, While the child with the serious eyes reads on, The Sabbath hours beguiling. Ab, bells ! once more ye will ring for him, When the heavenly hand shell sever The chord of life, and bis freed soul flies. To dwell with his own forever. -Every Other Saturday. * From the Nezcs and Courier. FARMER AND FACTOR. Action of the Charleston Exchange on Certain Charges. The Affidavits Submitted by Col. Nel? son Tell Merely the Old Story of Loss of Weight-No Shadow of Founda? tion for a Charge of Fraud-The Vindication Complece. At the request of the Charleston Ex? change and by authority of that body tbe following report is published : At a special meeting of the Charles? ton Exchange, held December 27. a resolution ordering the publication, in the Neics and Courier, of the following proceedings, at their meeting of the 20tb, was unanimously adopted : To tbe Members of the Charleston Exchange-Gentlemen : Your board of directors would state to the Exchange that sundry affidavits having been re? ceived from Col. S. Warren Nelson, through Capt. F. W. Dawson, editor of the News and Courier, (purporting to substantiate certain charges of fraud originally made against one or more of our members,) they referred the same to a special committee composed of Messrs. John H. Murdoch, D. E Huger Smith and W. K. Steedman for investi? gation, and now submit their full report, made after a most searching inquiry We take pleasure in reporting to the Exchange that, after examining the re? port of the committee, without hesita? tion we pronounce the charge of fraud, as made by Col. S. Warren Nelson, in bis communication of November 29 to the News and Courier, and sigued "Farmer,'1 utterly groundless. A. W. TAFT, President, "| THADDEUS STREET. j E. C. WILLIAMS, JR , ?-DirecVs F S KODGERS, I F. E. TAYLOR. J Affidavit from Col. Nelson. (No.l.) STATE SOUTH CAROLINA, \ CLARENDON COUNTY, j Personally appeared before me L. L. Wells, notary public, S. Warren Nel? son, of State and County aforesaid, who on oath, in witness thereof, has here? unto subscribed his name, says : That no rain fell in bis fields between September 15, 1886, and October 26 of this year. That on dates named he weighed and hauled to gin of S. M. Nexsen the num? ber of pounds herein stated, to wit : On September 23, 2.750 pounds; on Sep? tember 24, 2,787 ; on September 27, 4,133 pounds; total. 9.670 pounds That this cotton was delivered dry and ginned dry ; that this seed cotton gave S. Warren Nelson, Jr., as by book of S. M. Nexsen, seven (7) bales cotton, numbered and weighing as fol? lows: 41, 513; 42, 536; 43. 559; 44, 490; 45, 505; '\ 510; 47. 505. That these bales were delivered to S. M. Nexsen far shipment, and that on October II they were sold and proceeds placed to his credit along with others shipped and sold at same time, and that by account sales rendered these bales (7) bad lost (74) seventy-four pounds, as by reference to enclosed account sales will more fully appear. L. L. WELLS, Notary Public. 5 WARREN NELSON. Farmer. November 13, 1886. (No. 2.) STATE SOCTU CAROLINA. CLARENDON COUNTY. S. M. Nexsen, sworn, says: That the facts as stated by S. Warren Nel? son in bis affidavit above are true. That the cotton was dry when ginned. That these bales were weighed by bis weigher at the time of the ginning, and that he reweighed them before shipment by steamer from Wright's Bluff. That bis scales are Howe's patent, and accurate to best of bis belief, and true as tested by my neighbors scales (Buffalo) and by common balances of others. That no atmospheric condition could, in bis opinion, have caused such discrepancy in the weights as is shown, L. Ju. WELLS, Notary Public. S. M. NEXSEN, Farmer and Merchant. November 13, 1886. (No 3.) STATE SOUTH CAROLINA, CLARENDON COUNTY. F. M. Maye, sworn, says: That the facts stated in the above affidavits are true. L. L. WELLS, Notary Public. F. M. MAYS. November 13, 1886. STATE SOUTH CAROLINA, CLARENDON COUNTY. S. Warren Nelson, sworn, says: That thc account sales referred to were rendered to S. M. Nexsen by Trumbo, Kin8on & Co., and that said account sales are in possession of S. M. Nexsen and that he refers to Trumbo, Hinson 6 Co. for copy of account sales. L L. WELLS, Notary Pablic. (No. 4.) STATE SOUTH CAROLINA, \ CLARENDON COUNTY. J Wm. F. Turner, of the firm of W. F. Turner & Bro., State and county aforesaid : That on September 1, 1886, he gil ned one bale numbered 1. That on September 8, 1886, he gil ned one bale numbered 2. That on September 20, 1886, hegir ged two bales numbered 3 and 4. That on September 23, 1886. he git ned two bales numbered 5 and 6. That on September 24, 1886, he gil ned two bales numbered 7 and 8. That on September 25, 1886, he gir ned two bales numbered 9 and 10. That the ginning was done bj niyse and the weighing also, and the bale were shipped at once : that the cotto was ginned dry and packed dry, an that no rain to his knowledge fell o same ; that' the bales were, weighed o 'Howe's balance' and are true. That bales were shipped to and sol by Smyth & Adger on September 23 1886, and proceeds placed to the credi of W. F. Turner & Bro., Septembe 26, 1886, and that these bales los twenty-five (25) pounds. Nos. 1 and 2 That Nos 3 and 4 (proceeds of) wer placed to credit on September ^27, auj that these bales lost (20) pounds; toa Nos. 8, 5, 7, 6, 9, 10 (proceeds of were placed to credit on October 5, ao< that these bales lost seventy-six (76 pounds; one hundred and twenty-on* pounds total loss. That account sales referred to are ii my possession. L. L. WELLS,. Notary Public. W. F. TURNER, Farmer. Dec. 14, 1886. Beport of the Special Committee. To the President and Directors of th< Charleston Exchange : We, the under signed, having been appointed by thi president a committee to examine anc report upon certain affidavits sent to th< Exchange by Col. S. Warren Nelsot for the purpose of substantiating ? charge of fraud upon the part of certait members of tbe Exchange or theil weighmasters, previously made, res? pectfully submit the following report: In the first place, we find that th? affidavits submitted to us merely assert that upon the lots of cotton named there was a considerable loss between thc weights of the new cotton and the gin houses in the country and tbe weight as shown by the account sales rendered by the factors named. As the fact that cotton, and especially new cotton, will lose weight is well knewn to every one who has ever handled cotton, whether as factor, warehouseman, exporter, weigher or classifier, we would at once so report, with a recommendation to pay no further attention to such complaints, for it is not in the province of tbe Ex? change to investigate cases of simple loss in weight. But these affidavits having been banded to the Exchange and to your committee as specifications in support of an accusation of a fraudulent return of weights by factors or weighmasters, and and as the substantiation of such a charge would involve the expulsion of any member so offending, your com? mittee bas felt bound to give these cases the most searching and careful investi? gation. In the case of the complaint of Col. S- Warren Nelson against Messrs. Trumbo, Hinson & Co., your committee has examined their produce and sales books, and find that by their order the Commercial Wharf and Cotton Press Company received, weighed and stored seven bales marked S. N. on the follow? ing dates : September 30, No. 42, 495 ; No 44, 502; No. 45. 527; Oc? tober 4, No. 41, 480; No. 43, 547; No. 49, 505 ; No. 47, 498 ; aggregat? ing 3,553 pounds. (See certificate of William H. Swift and P. H. Barrett, wharfingers appended.) On October 7, 1886, the said seven bales were delivered to Messrs. Knoop, Frenchs & Co., and were then reweigh? ed by Mr. P. H. Barrett with the fol? lowing resuit: No. 41, 47S ; No. 42, 492 ; No. 43, 545 ; No, 44, 498 ; No. 45, 524; No. 46. 505; No. 47, 495, aggregating 3,537 pounds,- showing a not unusual loss of 16 pounds on the seven bales from the original weight. These bales, upon delivery, were re? weighed by a weighmaster, Mr. Gads? den Phillips, employed by Messrs. Knoop, Frerichs & Co., and the weights as given were found correct by bim. (See certificates of Mr. P. H. Barrett, Mr Gadsden Phillips, and of Messrs. Knoop, Frerichs & Co., appended.) In the case of the complaiut of Messrs. W. F. Turner & Bro. against Messrs. Smyth & Adger, your committee has also examined their books, and find that by their order the Atlantic wharves received, weighed and stored ten bales marked and numbered T. & T., 1 to 10, upon the following dates: On Septem? ber 23, No. 1, 440 ; No. 2, 456. On September 23, No. 3, 405; No 4, 439. On September 29. No. 5, 450 ; No. 6, 451 ; No 7. 450; No. 8, 425. On September 30, No. 9, 454; No. 10, 469; aggregating 4,439 pounds. These bales were delivered as follows : On September 22, to Messrs. Williams & Co., No, 1, 437 ; No. 2, 454. Oa September 21. to Messrs. Williams & Co., No. 4,433. On September 25, to Messrs Lesesoe & Wells, No. 3. ^03 ; On October 1, to Messrs. A. Norden ? Co , No. 5. 4-18 ; No. C. 449 ; No. 7, 451 ; No. 8, 425. On October 4, to Messrs. Pinckney Bros., No. 9, 452; No. 10, 40o. Aggregating 4,423 pounds, showing a loss of 16 pounds on the weight at receipt on ten bales of cotton. (See certificates of A. McD. Wragg, wharfinger. Williams & Co.. Lesesoe & Wells. A Norden & Co., Pinckney Bros. & Co., and their weighers, Messrs. G. S. Fitzsimmons, W. Ii. Pinckney, Henry C. King, M. J. Roper, appended.) Your committee feels bound to state that they find no ground whatever for the imputation of fraud against either factors, or rnrebousemen. The various books examined are well icept, the cot? ton is easily traceable, and your com? mittee is in a position to <ieny emphat? ically that there has been a fraudulent return of weights in either case. The loss in weight between the receiving weights and the delivery weights is for the season of tho year small. . We should further state that the double weighing at the delivery of cotton is done on the part of the warehouses with platform scales ; on the part of the buy? ers with beam scales, which ensures ab- ? solute correctness. Your committee ! recommends that this exchange pay no j farther attention to this or any similar ] matter unless the statements and affid vits accompanying it are more speci in the charge of actual fraud. All which is respectfully submitted. J. Eu M?RDoen, Chairman. D. W HuGEit SMITH, E K. STEEDMAN. Accompanying Certificates. (No. 1.) CHARLESTON, December 17, 1886. We hereby certify that on the 21 of September, If 86, we bought fro Messrs. Smyth & Adger two bales cotton marked T. & T., which was d livered to us on the 22d September, ac then weighed 437 and 454 pounds, t which weight we paid for same ; al: on the 23d September, we bought ot bale of cotton marked T. & T., wbic was delivered to us on the 24th Se] tember, which then weighed 42 pounds, by which weight we paid f( same Respectfully, WILLIAMS & CO. X; G. S. Fitzsimmons, weigher, cei tify that on the 22d of September, weighed for Messrs. Williams & C( two bales of cotton marked T. & T which were then delivered to them b Messrs. Smyth & Adger, and that sai bales weighed 437 and 454 pounds also, that on the 24th of September weighed for Messrs. Williams & Cc one bale of cotton marked T. & T which was then delivered to them b Messrs. Smyth & Adger, and that sai bale weighed 438 pounds. G. S. FlTZSIMMOXS. (No. 2.) CHARLESTON, December 17, 1886. We hereby certify that on the 24t September, 1886 we bought fror Messrs. Smyth & Adger one bale c cotton marked T & T., No. 3, wbic was delivered to us on 25th September and then weighed 403 pounds, by wbic weight we paid for same. LESESNE & WELLS. CHARLESTON, December 17, 1886, I, M. J. Roper, sworn weigher, cer tify that on the 25th September. 18S6 I weighed for Messrs. Lesesnc k Well one bale of cotton marked and number ed as follows: T. & T., No. 3, wbic] was then delivered to them by Messrs Smyth & Adger ; said bale weighed 40? pounds. M. J. RorER, Sworn Weigher. (No. 3 ) CHARLESTON, December 17. 1886. I, sworn weigher, do certify that ot the 4th day of October, 1886, I weigh ed for Messrs. Pinckney Bros. & Co two bales upland cotton marked T. & T which were then delivered to them ty Messrs. Smyth & Adger, and that san bales weighed respectively. No. 9, 45? pounds and No. 10, 466 pounds. W. H. PINCKNEV, Sworn Weigher. (No. 4 ) CHARLESTON, December 17, ?SS6. We hereby certify that on the 30ll day of September, 1886, we bough from Messrs. Smyth & Adger two bale? upland cotton, which were delivered ti us on October 4, and then weighed, T & T., No. 9, 452 lbs., T. & T., No. 1( 466 lbs., by which weight wc paid foi same. PINCKNEY BROTHERS & Co. (No. 5.) CHARLESTON, December 18, 1S86. . We hereby certify that on Septembei 30, 1886, we bought from Messrs Smyth & Adger four bale of cotton which were delivered to us on Octobei 1, 1886, and then weighed, by wbict weight we paid for same. Bales marked as follows : T. & T., 425 at 8j cents. T. & T., 451, 448, 449 at 9 cents. A. NORDEN & Co. Per. I. W. Lewis, (Broker.) (No. 6.) CHARLESTON, December 18, 1886. I, Henry C King, sworn weigher, certify that on the 1st day of October, 1886, I weighed for Messrs. A. Norden & Co., four (4) bales cotton, which were then delivered to them by Messrs. Smyth & Adger, and that said bales weighed as follows: T. & T., 425, 451, 448,449. HENRY C KING, Sworn Weigher. (No. 7.) . CHARLESTON, December 17. 1886. I, A. McD. Wragg, whar?nger and pworn weigher io the employment o? the Atlantic Wharves, do hereby certify that on the 20th September, 1886, 1 received for Messrs. Smyth & Adger two bales of cotton, marked and num? bered T. & T., Nos. 1 and 2, weigh? ing No. 1, 440 and No. 2 456; on September 23, Nos. 3 and 4, weighing, No. 3 405 and No. 4 439 ; on Septem? ber 29, No. 5, 6. 7, 8, weighing. No. 5 450, No. 6 451, No. 7 450, No. 8 425, and upon 30th September, Nos. 9 and 10, weighing, No. 9 454, No. 10 4G9. I do further certify that I re? weighed and delivered to the following named buyers the said bales of cotton by the following weights : On Septem? ber 22, to Messrs. Williams & Co , No. 1 437, No. 2 454 ; on September 24, to Messrs. Williams & Co., No. 4 438 ; on September 25, to Messrs. Lesesnc & Wells, No. 3 403; on October 1. to Messrs. A. Norden & Co., No. 5 448, No. 8, 425, No. 7 451, No. 0 449 ; on October 4, to Messrs. Pinckcy Bros. & Co., No. 9 452, No. 10 46G. ' A. Mci). WRAGG. Sworn Weigher Atlantic Wharves. (No. 8.} CHARLESTON. December 17, 1S86. I, Wm. H Swift, superintendent and weigher in the employment of the Com? mercial Wharf and Cotton Press Com? pany, do hereby certify that ? did, on the 4th October, 1886 receive and weigh for Messrs. Trumbo, Ilinson & Co. four bales of cotton marked and numbered S. NV, No. 41, 43, 46 and 47, which said bales weighed as fol? lows : S. N , No. 41, 4S0 pounds ; No. 43, 547 pounds: No. 4(>, 505 pounds, and No. 47, 497 pounds. WM. H. SWIFT, Superintendent and Weigher, Commercial Wharves. (No. 9.) CHARLESTON, December 17, J880 I, Patrick ii. Barrett, sworn weigher and wharfinger in thc employment of thc Commercial Wharf and Cotton Pres? Compauy, hereby certify that on the 30th September, 1886, I received and weighed for Messrs. Trumbo, ilin? son & Co., three bales of cotton, mark? ed and numbered S. N , No. 4li, 44 and 45, which said bales weighed as follows : S. N., No. 42, 495 pounds ; No. 44, ! 502. and No. 45, 527. I do further I certify that on the 7th October. 1886, II delivered to Messrs, Knoop, Frerichs & Co. seven bales by order of Messrs. Trumbo, Hiosoo & Co., by the follow? ing weights as then weighed by me, viz : No. 41, 478 pounds ; No. 42, 492; No. 43, 545 ; No. 44, 498 ; No. 45, 524 ; No. 46, 505 ; No. 47, 495. P. H. BARRETT, Sworn Weigher for Com. Wharf. (No. 10) CHARLESTON, December 17, 1886. We hereby certify that on 5th Octo? ber, 1886. we bought from Messrs. Trumbo, Hioson & Co. 7 bales of cot? ton, which were delivered to us on the 7th October, 1886, their bill on file in our office showing a total weight of 3,537 pounds, by which and at the price of 8|- per pound we paid for same. KNOOP. FRERICHS & Co., Per BornemanD. I, Gadsden Phillips, cotton weigher, do hereby certify that on 7th October, 1885, I weighed for Messrs. Knoop, Frerichs & Co. seven bales cotton mark? ed S. N., which were then delivered to them by Messrs. Trumbo, Hinson & Co., said bales weighing: S. N., No. 41, 487 ; No. 42, 492 ; No. 43, 545 ; No. 44,498; No. 45,524; No. 46, 505; No. 47, 495-3,537 pounds. GADSDEN PHILLIPS, Sworn Weigher. Action of the Exchange. CHARLESTON, December 20, 1887. After a full discussion the following resolution was unanimously adopted : Resolved, That sundry affidavits hav? ing been received from Col. S. Warren Nelson, through Capt. F. W. Dawson, Editor of the News and Courier, pur? porting to substantiate certain charges originally made against one or more of our members, a special committee of three of our members was appointed to make a careful investigation of the matter, it is the unanimous opinion of this Exchange, after a most searching inquiry of the report of the committee, that the charge of fraud, as made by "Farmer" in a communication of No? vember 29, to the Neics and Courier, is utterly unwarrantable and groundless. R. A. TATEL. Secretary. The Late Legislature. Capt. Tillman Gives His Views. To the Editor of the News and Courier : Your editorial in tin News and Courier of December 24, ' eaded 'The same Old Trouble,' is in the main just and appropriate, but at the same time it is misleading. For in? stance, speaking of the bills emana? ting from the Farmers' Convention, and which have been either post? poned, amended out of all shape or slaughtered outright in the Senate, you say : 'Who is responsible we need not say. The Senators will be prepared of course, to explain their action to their constituents, when the proper time conics, and they will doubtless be given the opportunity. .But what ever their reason, good or bad, the fact remains that the quarrel of the farmers, if they have any, is with their own representatives. The non? agricultural members of the General Assembly have been willing and ready, as they have abundantly shown to grant every request and adopt every plan which the farmers should I agree upon for the advancement of J their peculiar interest, and to give to them the control of their peculiar affairs. The failure is chargeable to the men whom they have selected and elected to carry out their plans, and the settlement must be had with those who are responsible for the fail? ure.' You may rest assured that they will be 'given the opportunity to ex? plain' and that 'settlement will be had' with some of them when again f the farmers get a chance. If the .farmers' movement,' which has cre? ated such a stir among the people, is really a demand of the masses for reform, and the correction of abuses, and an expression of a desire to see our rights as farmers respected, it will continue to grow and spread, rather than dwindle and die, and will have much to do with shaping the future policy and politics of this State. But let that be as it may. I only set out to show you that, while correct as to the fIous<\ your editorial is calculated to mislead when you say the farmers in the Senate are alone to blame. And in order to make this clear I will show the complexion of our present Senate as regards occupation It is composed as follows : Lawyers.?5 Farmers.12 Doctors. 3 Preachers . 2 Editors and printers. 2 Merchants. 1 Total.35 -of whom 20 are new Senators and 15 arc old ones, two of the new ones solving unexpired terms. Now, tin; bill of all others in which thc farmers were most deeply interested, and which they desired to have passed most was that enlarg? ing the board of agriculture and re? organizing the agricultural depart? ment. This the Senate postponed, by a vote of 21 to 14, on the flimsy pretext, as voiced by Senator Yoe? mans, that tiiey 'wanted more tim?? to investigate this important matter ' The April Convention had demanded it. The November Convention had demanded it. Tito matter hus been 1 thoroughly diseussed for a your or more in the press, and charges of extravagance and of incompetence, or neglect of duty on the part of tin board, proven. Bul these Senatorial lawmakers alone needed 'more lime to investigate.' Well, we hope they will improve the two yeats eleven of them 'nave got before the next elec? tion to study thc matter and be pre? pared to give good reasons for their votes when asked. If, indeed, your Reporter bc correct in paying thc 'Agricultural Senators were ?nflti? en ced hy a determination not to sub? mit to Tillman dictation,' it will he a pitiful excuse for having refused to comply with the wishes of the farmerR of the State ; and an acknowledg? ment of having allowed personal motives to govern their action rat er than a desire to legislate for tl public good. No member of tl General Assembly, either Senator ? Representative, can truthfully S? that J was either obtrusive or diet torial in presenting to them- the me sures asked by the two farmers' cb vention8, and it will be left to tl farmers all over the State to resent: a proper way thc imputation iii; Tillman alone constitutes the 'Farr ers' movement/ But if the agricultural Senators r sented 'Tillman dictation,' what i: fluenced the other Senators? I wi now proceed to show that the farr ers in the Senate are not alone t blame for deferring this bill. M old friends, the lawyers, took advai tage of the fuss kicked up by Messr Youmans and Woffbid to plant a si dagger in Tillman's side and sla their agricultural constituents wli have joined t he farmers' movomei in the face. This is shown by tl vote, as follows : For Postponement. Occupation. Messrs. Bell...Farmer. Bieraann.Aler'nt k hotel-keepe Black.Doctor. Byrd.Doctor. Erwin.Farmer. Hemphill.Lawyer. Howell.Lawyer. Izlar.Lawyer. Kennedy.Lawyer. McMaster.Lawyer. Moore.Lawyer. Munro .Lawyer. Patterson .Law ver. Rhame.Lawyer. Reynolds.Lawyer. Smith.Farmer. Smythe.Lawyer. Wingard.Farmer. Wofford.Farmer. Williams.Preacher. Youmans.Merchant and farme -total 21, of whom eleven are lawyers, si are farmers, two are doctors, one is a preacl er and one is a merchant. This looks very much like the 'ol garchy of lawyers,' of whom 1 hav spoken so often heretofore, did it ? 1 looks very much like the non-agricu tural members of the Senate, at a events, are willing to sneer and spi upon farmers' efforts to obtain 'con trol of our peculiar affairs. If th six farmer Senators controlled th fifteen non-agricultural Senators i their action, it is the first inslanc on record of an agricultural tai? wag ging the legal dog. If the farmer whose votes sent these men to th Senate have any self-respect ; if the; have any manhood anda proper sensi of resentment ; if they are not th? dogs they are taken for, they will when the time comes, see to it tlia the men who thus contemptuously put this indignity upon them an properly rewarded. If we canno reorganize the agricultural depart ment, we can reorganize the Senate The farmers of the State are fast sink mg to the level of serfs-hewers o wood and drawers of water foi others. An efficient and representa tive board of agriculture, togethei with an agricultural college to ac I as a pioneer in mapping out the ne^ system of farming we are com pel lee to pursue ere we can expect any change for the better, could do muct to aid and assist them to rccovei their lost prosperity. But these sh agricultural Solons and their fifteei professional associates say to then in effect 1 'Yon don't know what yoi want. We will continue to tax yoi to eupport a department of agricul ture which you do not feel is beuefi cia! to your interests as now con ducted, became we like it. We wil vote your money to support th? South ' Carolina College and Citade bec?use we think those schools ari ail we need ; but your Agricultura College is a humbug. We know it 'Wisdom will die with us.' So wt will not even spend your own mone) to investigate the matter and let ? commission report so we can act in tel ! ige n tly.' lt may be said the farmers in th( Senate we^e divided, as they wen six for and six against the bill. Tber if the professional men in the Senate had needed light as to the wishes ol the farmei s of the State, if the action: of two farmers' conventions had nc weight, the almost unanimous vote by which the bill passed the House, composed largely of farmers, should have made them hesitate to postpone it. But I have my opinion as to how this thing was brought about. 1 visited Columbia three times dining the recent session of the Legislature. I kept my eyes and ears open. 1 learned a great deal that would be ol value to the people if I had time to tell it, and I will, when occasion offers, let out some of the 'true in? wardness of what I saw and learned. I could tell why and how the hopes ol the people as regard reforms and re? ductions of expenditures, &c., result? ed only in the cutting off of a beg? garly thousand dollars-the Lieuten? ant Governor's salary. I could show that once an abuse is planted and takes root in South Carolina it is har? der than nut grass to get rid of. But just now 1 will only give my belief as to why the Senate post? poned the bill to reorganize the agri? cultural department. Of course some of the Senators voted against it be? cause of their resentment, against'Till? man dictation,' for Mr. Gonzales says so : some voled-two at least-be i - c cause they never volo against one ot tiie Senators from Charleston, so I am told ; others voled against it be? cause I am credited with having had much to do willi lin' slaughter of the Columbia Oana!, and the Ring wanted revenge, though, to tell the truth, I am totally innocent in that matter. Some voted against it. be? cause farmers and 'farmers' move? ments' slink in their nostrils. But the real cause, though many Senators do not know it perhaps, is that the I phosphate interests of the Slate are j controlled by the department of agri j culture, and fha Coosaw Mining Com I pang is foo well satisfied leith the present management of that, interest io olloir a change if it could prevc.nl il ! Why a board ot" agriculture should j have anything to do with collecting j a mining royally, farmers of ordinary ! intelligence cannot, understand. We ! do not see the connection between ! tin? two but perhaps some of those who started this thing, and some of those who keep it up, can give i light/. This board of agricultor which ii liked so well, has spe: $170,000 Since its creation in 188 and we would like some one to ti us what benefit it ha's been to vis fan ers, who pay for it alone. W some Senator, 'agriculturist' or othe wise, answer? Or will some merah of the board tell us ? B. R. TILLMAN, Hoper's, S. C , Jan. 1, '87. A Railway Horror. TIFFIN OHIO, January 4-The fa train on- the Baltimore k OhioRailroa at ari early hour this morning collid< with the east-bound freight train ne th is city,.wrecking both trains. Ninetei bodies have been taken from the wcec nd more are injured. Three coach were destroyed. Physicians have poi to the scene from here. The weafh is very cold. The thermometer isaboj two degrees below zero. The fast train was about fifty minot late, and was running at the rate sixty miles a hour, passing Republic, small station, like a flash. They rus] ed along to the curve, one mile west that town, when suddenly the engine saw a freight train under full headwa; within one hundred yards of bim. E at once applied the brakes and reverse his engine, but it did no good, and tl next instant the crash came, telescopio the coaches and piling them upon eac other. To add consternation to tl horrible scene, fire broke out in tl smoking car, and soon spread to tl other cars. Many were killed outrigh while others, wedged in among broke cars, were slowly consumed by tb flames. The screams of the wouode and dying were heartrending, but E assistance could be rendered until farmer, awakened by the crash, cami and with other neighbors worked lik heroes to save the perishing. - t 9 i Wm i Secretary Lamar's Quiet Marriage. MACON GA., Jan. 5.-Secretar Lamar was married this morning ; ten o'clock at the residence of the brid by the Rev. Wm. Parker, of Sanders ville, to Mrs. William S. Holt, < Macon. Those present at the marriag were Capt. E. E. P^rk, W. P. Virgir. CoL J. E. Jones ind their wives daughters of the bride : Dr. R. M Patterson and wife and Major W. E Ross and wife At ten o'clock tb secretary and bis bride entered th parlor with joined bands. The cere mony was brief and simple, lasting onl two min?tes. Congratulations follow ed. The bride was dressed in stet gray silk with ornaments of diamond.? The secretary and his bride will lear here at c.20 this afternoon, to spec the evening with Gov. Gordon, au to-morrcw morning will leave for Oxford Miss., to visit relatives of the secretar; and then go to Washington. Bennett and the Waiter. A writer in the Brooklyn Engl tells this story about James Gordoi Bennett, proprietor of the New Yorl Herald', Oo New Year's night tbre years ago, when Mr. Bennett reachei the Union Club well nigh exhauster with the social duties of the day, h noticed in a dazed sort of way tha several of the club men were presenting Jacob, the veteran waiter, who look after the coats and canes of the mern bers, with more or less small chang as an earnest of their sincere regard Mr. Bennett seemed to realize tba something of the kind was expected o him and called Jacob. 'Jacob/ b said, 'you are a good fellow. Here i something for you,' and with mud fumbling he brought out a $20 bill which the delighted Jacob accepte< with many bows and scrapes. 'Stop Jacob,' said Mr. Bennett, feeling ii another pocket and producing anotbe bill. Jacob, overpowered, was making off when 'Stop Jacob' again brough him to a standstill, and still anothe; bili made its appearance. The corned] was getting amusing and went on unti Jacob bad a hat full of money-all Mr Bennett had. The old man consultee some of the members as to what bi should do with it and was advised t< tell Mr. Bennett the next day that h< must have overpaid him in a . fit o abstraction. So, when the proprietor o the Herald arrived at the club the fol lowing day Jacob said : 'Mr. Bennett I think you gave me more for my Neti Year's than you intended.' Bennett probably had no recollection of giving Jacob anything, but he replied in his gravest tone: 'How much didi giv( you, Jacob?' 'Eight hundred- dollars, sir.' Such an answer might havi staggered even a man with an income of ?1.000 a day, but Bennett, without a suggestion of surprise, said : 'Quitt right, Jacob; that was what I intended to give you.'.., Boy and Bird. - There was an old minister who used to preach in a church in Western New York who never allowed any levity among his congregation, and kept a rigid watch over the young people ol his charge. On one occasion a foolish youth sat in one of the front pews and created a stir by lunging at some object that flew in through the open window. I Thc old minister was purblind, but he i peered over his glasses and saw some? thing flying about the witless youth, f who was fighting tooth and nail. 'There ! there, sonny,' he said, with I authority, 'never mind the bird.' Then ho resumed his discourse, but the congregation seemed more interested in the youth and his contortions than in the sermon, aud he stopped and again ? peered over his spectacles at thc flying object and the boy. 'D'ye hear, sonny!' he said, in a loud voice. 'Never mind thc bird.' This was too much for the youth, who answered in a shrill key : .Tain't a bird : it's a whacking big bumble bee, an' I'll be blamed if it's goin' to come to meetin' when T dew.' The controversy was stopped by one of thc deacons, who removed the 'bird.' -Detroit. Free Preta. -^ ?. .?? ? - i When madam nsks?, 'How old atu I ? Guard carefully thy tongue : And win l?**r smilos as yon r^nly. .rou should have asked. 'How voting.' Texas Sijtwgs. QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS*. Information on a Great Variety ot Sim* pie Things. What language te most universally spoken? UL The English language, A Great Commercial: Port. 2. Will you please name the most important commercial port in America* 2. The city at .which the bani clearings are the largest? L. 1. New York. 2. New York, The bank clearings of New York aro about ten times larger than those of any ether city. A Well Paid Author. What living author ls financially tbe most suc? cessful? L? Emile Zola. His income ts- about $00,0? per year. As Zola ls perhaps-the mostpromfr nent portrayer of characters noted fer their impurity, this does not indicate thai pur* writing, like honesty, is the best policy. The First Words of a Letter. In writing to a married lady how aban I ed* dress her? Shall I write: "Mrsl-B---** and thengo on with my letter, **Decr madam,** or "Madam*** Fzura IL The conventional way to address a married lady is:. "Dear Mrs. B--H If it is a young lady it is: "Dour Miss B.-5 The Bed Spot on Jupiter. Can you give any explanation of the great red spot on the planet Jupiter that has for the past eight years attracted the attention of astronomers, and oblige A F*^^ No explanation hos been given. The spot mentioned is :W,000 mies in length and 8,300 in width, being oval shaped. It was first noticed in 1S73. It has been referred to varions causes, viz. : An emerging continent, a float? ing island on an ocean, lava poured oat over* a vast ave-, smoke and steam from a long continued eruption. These, are the supposi? tions, but they are worthless. There is really no explanation. Lord Bacon. V Can you tell me who was called the "greatest, wisest, meanest of mankind?" B. P. Baron Verulam-Lord Francis Bacon. Lord Bacon was the founder of ono of the great schools of philosophy. He was & uni? versal genius. But he betrayed his best friend, the Earl of Essex, by becoming the prosecut? ing attorney when Queen Elizabeth, desiring to rid herself of her former favorite, pot the earl on triai Heat and Cold. } Can yon tell me whether there are inch things as heat and cold? Or is heat the absence of cold, or cold the absence of heat? B. Technically speaking, there is no such thing as heat. Cold is the absence of heat. When one stands on a cold substance lite marble the heat of the body goes into the marble. No cold comes to replace it. But when the body is warmed again, it is by absorbing more heat. The Czar's Income. WfS yon please inform a reader from what source the czar of Russia receives his Immense income, which is said to be more than $9,000,000 per year. S. X. Tho crown domains of Kessia comprise more than a million square miles. They in? cl udo cultivated lands and forests in different parts of the empire. Then the crown derives a large income from the gold, silver and cop? per and other mines in Siberia. The income from all sources is supposed to be over $12, 000,000. _ Decaying Vegetables. I was asked lately why vegetables, when they de? cay, first turn brown and then black. I could not reply. WAI you please inform me? TEACHER. The hydrogen is separated from the mass of which the decaying vegetable is composed, by the process of decay, and leaves a larger portion of carbon behind. The vegetable fiber contains 52}? p%r cent, of carbon; when partially decayed there is M per cent., and when black with decay there is 56 per cent Frost. 1. Will you please inform me why it is that one finds on a cold winter morning the frost on tho glass? 2. What is it that appears as steam com? ing from the mouth when one breathes? 8. What is hoar frost? K.J. L The temperature inside tho house being warmer than the exterior, or above freezing, the moisture in the atmosphere, in coming in con*>?ct with the glass, is frozen, and adheres as ice io *he glass. 2. The moisture in the breath is rrozen when breathed upon an at mosphere below freezing point. 3. Frozen dew. _ Ritualism. I wish you would please tell me what fa meant by the term ritualist. I often see the word used in the newspapers and in books oe religious mat. tere. D. The ritualists are those of the Episcopal church who advocate returning to the forms and ceremonies of the church before the reformation. They celebrate what they call mass, as in the Roman Catholic church, burn' candles and incense, wear embroidered vest? ments and otherwise observe what is called the ritual of a former day. Tho language of Mexico. Can you inform me how it is that the names of places in Mexicoare Spanish? In reading the his? tory of the Mexican war I find that such names as Vera Cruz, Molino del Bey and Buena Vista occur frequently, while there are no ordinary English names. STUDENT. The reader should peruse Prescott's "Con? quest of Mexico." There he will lind the most entertaining and historical account of how Hernando Cortez, a Spanish adventurer, conquered the natives of Mexico more than 200 years ago, made it a Spanish province and ingrafted the Spanish language upon the country. _ Thc Passion Flower. Why is the passion flower so called? S. It was called by this name hy the Spanish settlers of the West Indies and South Amer? ica, its native region, because they iancicd it to be a representative of Christ's passion or sacrificial death. According to this fancy the leaf symbolizes the spear that pierced the Saviours side: the anthers the marks of the five wounds made by the spear; the tendrils the coids or whips with which He was scourged; the column of the ovary tho up? right of the cross; the stamens the hammers; the three styles the nails; the filamentous precesses the crown of thorns; the calyx the glory or halo; tho white tinge purity; the blue tint heaven, and the fact that it remains open three days typifies the three days He lay in the tomb. Visiting a Relative. I have an uncle living m New York. He ia wealthy anti lives in style in the upper part of the city. I expect togo to New York soon and wish to call on him and his family. Never having seen any of them, can you inform me what hour it is proper for me to call, or how I shall make myself known. FARMER BOT. You can either call on your uncle first at his office or on his family at thc house. If you aro uncertain of your reception you might seo your uncle at his ofSce, then if he desires to invite you to his home he will have an opportunity; or if you feel sure of a wel? come you car. go to thc house during the after? noon or evening a nd send in your rani or your name. You can judge from your reception whether your relations desire to make you foci at home during your stay. Fir Pillows. Fir pillows are now very fashionable aa well as pleasant. Their odor diffuses fine and aromatic about one's head, ami it is believed to bc exceedingly healthful, lt is not neces? sary to sleep upon them, but merely to have them lying close about one's couch or sofa. In a sick room they aro especially grateful. Ono of them in a handsome cover would make a pleasant Christmas pr -sent for mi in? valid. A writer in The Household says: For an elderly lady or an invalid a pillow filled with pine needles-tho foliage of the balsam fir being thought most aromatic-is a suitable gift. Make a drilliug case for the needles, then a slip of ecru -v ?ray linen, embroidered . with a suitable motto, as **6ivo me thy balm, j oh fir tree." A hop pillow, for feverish, rest I less heads, can be made in the same fashion, I with the design a graceful cluster of leaves 1 and hops. _.._. . . ^