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AGRICULTURAL. -'.-1 "Agriculture is the General Pursuit of Man; it is th* Basis of all others, and there fore, the most Useful and Honorable." . MOON'S PHASES. First Q'tr. Full. . Last Q'tr. New. 1 h, 17 m. 14th 4 h. 32 m. 12 h, 2 in. 5 h, 23 m. 12th, 20th, 26th. Evening. Evening. Morning. \Evcniwj. May. 2. 8. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8. Days. Friday, Saturday, Sunday, Monday, Tuesday, Wednesday. Thursday, Sun Rises. .Sun Sets 6.11. 6.10. 6.9. 5.9. 5.8. 6.7. 5.0. 0.43. 6.43. 6.44. 0.45. 6.45. 6.46. 6.47. Agricultural Scraps. ?-Seo notice in another column to shareholders of the Joint Slock Company just formed,-which will have charge of | the County Agricultural Fairs. ?Remember the meeting of the State Agricultural Society on the 29th inst. Let Orangeburg be well represented! Col. Paul S. Felder is to open the discus sion upon one of the subjects appointed for debate. ?Having published in a late issue an admirable letter from David Dickson, of Ga. We give below the answer of Dr. E. M. Peudleton, of Athens, who takes issue with Mr. Dickson on several points. Both letters are taken from the Rural Carolinian. ?We take the following extract from a recent work on Agriculture,?"How Crops Grow"?which professes to teach the ordinary farmer the usefulness of a knowledge of chemistry combined with actual experience in the field. It shows a radical defect, which exists in a ma jority of books for farmers, nowadays, in not recognizing that Agriculturists, as a class, arc not scholars. "Red Oxide of Manganese, M 2, O 3, or Mno, Mn 2. This oxide remains when Manganese or any of its other exides are subjected to a high temperature with access of air. The melal and the pro toxide gain oxygen by this treatment, the higher oxides lose oxygen until this compound oxide is formed, which as its symbol shows, corresponds io tlie mag netic oxide of iron, &c, &c."?exactly! Reply to David Dickson, of Sparta. In your last number, Mr. Dickson takes issue with me on several points, which I desire briefly to notice. I stand corrected as to his consulting a chemist about plaster aud potash, (not salt aud plaster ns he says). I remem ber the fact that Mr. Dickson wished to use potash on his lauds, and was in formed by chemists, or learned it by his own experience, or from reading that it would not do to mix it with Peruvian Guano- He then had a mixture of plas ter and potash, (10 per cent, of the lat ter to 90 of the former,) which he ap plied on his lands. I tested this mix ture on red land near Sparta. The first year it paid nothing. The second year it did much better, owing, no doubt, to the fact that it had by this time formed a union with carbonic acid and thus be come assimilable. In reference to this experiment, Mr. Dickson said it was worth i00,000 dol lars to the planting interest, as it showed fdnarlv nmnnrr ntbor things, that good guanos would pay a good per cent, the second year. The great difference between M. Villo's formula and Mr. Dickson's is, that former used the neutral phosphafe of lime, and the latter the bi-pbospbate, (dissolved bones.) As, however, M. Ville has recently changed his formula to the acid phosphate, we have nothing to say on that point, only that with this change, (as Dr. Smith's experiment shows) there is a vast improvement in results. The old formula, (the only one which I evev opposed,) utterly failed in my own hands, on cotton, because the phosphate of lime was in an insoluble condition. Mr. Dickson says thai "a heavy load of bolls early, will make cotton rust on thin snndy lands from exhaustion, if not w<sll sustained with a good fertilizing compound." My experience and observation leads me to change this proposition thus : "A good fertilizing compound will produce a heavy load of bolls early, and if there is not plenty of vegetable matter in the soil will make it rust, especially on thin sandy land.". I agree with Mr. Dickson. that guano is suitable for cotton on gray land if it has a ciny foundation. Much oi his land has-this important principlo, but I wrote of the great mass of lauds in South eastern and Southwestern Georgia, wheu tho clay is absent, and guano has gene rally proved a failure, at least does not act as favorably- as on red lands. 1 know the fact, that farmers in the white lands of Georgia have, to a large extent, abandoned the more stimulating fertili sers*, and I venture that the commission merchants of Macon will bear me out in the assertion,-that they do not sell one fourth U3 much guano to the farmers who cultivate that class of lands a* they did three years ago, while in tho red land section the trade, was greatly incresed. Mr. Dickson Bays "there is no suoh thing as stimulating plants," and yet he admits that they will dio from exhaus tion er rust. Has he never seen a plant hang its head under a burning sun and lack of moisture, and yet a cloudy day would rovivo it, "stimulate" it, or a shower would make it hold up its head, before it bad time to receive a particle of nourishment from tho effects of the rain. If a plant can become faint and exhaus ted, and be revived again, then it can be stimulated, and this may be done either by food, (for food stimulates sometimes as well as nourishes,) or by stimulants that do not nourish them in the least. What causes a man who is hungry and depressed to feel so strengthened and re vived after .eating ? It is the stimulous of food, not its nourishing qualities, be cause it never performs this function until after digestion takes place, and the chyle is separated from tho chyme, which is a slow process, and plans are stimu lated, I doubt not, by fertilizers, warmth, moisture and genial sunshine, just in tho same way. Plants perspire, or have a system of exhalation going on, water exuding from their pores like man.- And Boussingault found, by an actuul experiment, that whenever this transpiration ceased the plant cearcd to grow ;. where it was most active, it grew most rapidly. It h clear to my mind that certain conditions o' the atmosphere, as low temperature pro duces this unhealthy state, and ammonia not only feeds a sickly cotton plant dur ing such weather in tho spring, but gives it vigor to brave the season, and grow in spite of the weather. The great difference between M. Ville's formula and Mr. Dicksou's, is that the fjrmcr used the neutral phosphato of lime, and the latter the bi-phosphate, (dissolved bones.) As however M. Ville has lately changed his formula to the acid phosphate, wo havo nothing to say on that point, only that with this change, (as Dr. Smith's experiment shows,) there is a vast improvement in results. The old daily absorbed and worked up iucreases, etc. If plants can be quickened, made more active, they certainly ctfn be stimu lated. In an experiment made by Bousain gault, the weight of the plants produced was nearly three and a half times greater than that of the soeds sown, but the quantity of nitrogenous matter was the same as in the seeds sown, but the quanti ty of nitrogenous matter ?was the same as in the seeds. Liebig says that this ex periment is well adapted to remove all doubt about the very important power possessed by the nitrbgeneous matter, (ammonia,) of maintaining tho vital pro cess in the plant, eveu where tho mass of* the plant itself roceives*ho**in crease." If this be true, ammonia "maintains the vital force" without nourishment under certain circumstances, then it must be by stimulation. E. M. PENDLETON. Atuens, March 11, 1873, Ciiufas for Sheep, Hogs and Poul try.?A writer in the Southern Cul tivator, says that tho Chufa will yield on impoverished, worn out land more nutritious food for sheep, swine and farm stock generally than nny grain, grass or root crop we grow under the most fa. vorable conditions of soil and seasons.? He adds? "In April last I planted a half bushel of seed, costing $5.00, on one acre of the poorest laud on my place?a bare, bald knoll, so barren of fertility that it would scarcely "sprout cow peas"?and al though the crop received but one work ing and the seed were planted three by | two feet, double tliG distance required, the yield was over 100 bushels. The grass will grow two four feet high, unin jured by drought or heat, and is im proved by pasturing with sheep ; afford ing nn abundance of rich, tender, sweet herbage until frost and an increased yield of roots. Tho roots are trouble some to gather for market, especially in gravelly or rocky soil, but turn in the hogs and poultry any from September till spring and they will gather all the crop and moro fatness too than they could get from ten acres of corn. BROWNING' ?vBROWNING Attorneys At Law, Orangeburo, C. H., S. C, Malcolm I. Brownino. A. F. Brownifo nx:h6-l vr F. H. W, BRIGGMANN HAS just received n fuii supply of NEW -SPRING GOODS, AND HAS CONSTANTLY ON HAND a full lino of Dry GoodS of all kind* He of?ra for sale EVERYTHING Needed by everybody, at low rates, consisting of BOOTS AND SHOES,- GROCERIES, HARDWARE, HATS, Ac, Ac. ALSO, FOR SALE, The BUTTON-HOLE SEWING MACHINE, (which took first Premium at last County Fair,) for which he is Agent Call and See for Yourselves. ALSO AGENT FOR THE FOUNTAIN PUMPf A. Portable PUMP and SPRINKLER I April 10, 1873 8 tf ML ESTATE AGENCY! The undersigned having formed a co-partnership under the name ofiFOWLES & GLOVER, offer their services to thn community, as Agents for the Sale or purchase of Real Estate, and for collection of Rents, &c JAS. H. FOWLES, JULIUS GLOVER, At Citizens' Savings Bank. At Law Office of Glover & Glover. We offer for sale: A new and bountiful residence In Or nncreburg, on East sido of Railroad, with fine outbuildings, garden, &c. ALSO, A plantation1 near Fort Motte, 500 acres, with dwelling and outhouses in good con dition-?water power on the place. 100 acre farm (unimproved) on Bell ville Road, 1} miles from Orangeburg; 60 acres each, of open and wood land. ALSO, a*, a- Bargain, 340 acres CL5? cleared) within } mile of Rowe's Bridge; 1J miles from Rowe's Pump Depot. IN MEDICINES QUALITY IS OF THE FIRST IMPORTANCE. E. J. OLIVEROS, M. D, Dealer in Drugs, Medicines, Paints, Oils, Var nish, Mon-IS x plosive Lamps, Gaarden Seeds, &c. &c. &o. PRESCIPTTONS prepared with accuracy and fidelity, for which purpose a full and com plete assortment of PURE CHEMICALS and GENUINE DRUGS will be cofistalitly on hand. t ONG Experience?a successful businere career of more than eight years in Orangeburg. JLj and a good knowledge of the DRUG MARKET, at Home and Abroad, will afford a sufficient guarantee that all goods sold or dispensed at my Establishment will be GENU INE and RELIABLE. Appreciating the success whieh, in the past, lip-s attended my efforts, I have deter mined to spare no pains to merit a continuance of the patronage so liberally bestowed. * E. J. OLIVEROS, No. 100, Russell Street, Orangeburg C. H., S. C. Feb. 27, 1873, 2* lj DR. A. C. DUKES, Dealer in Drugs, Medicines, Chemicals, fine Toilet Soaps, FANCY HAIR AND TOOTH BRUSHES. PERFUMERY AND fAKCY TOILET ARTICLES, TRUSSES AJSTD SHOULDER BRACES, GRASS AND GARDEN SEEDS, PURE WINES AND LIQUORS, FOR MEDICINAL PURPOSES, PAINTS, OII?, VAR NISHES AND DYE STUFFS, LETTER-PAPER, PENS. INK, ENVELOPES, GLASS, PUTTY, NON-EXPLOSIVE OIL LAMPS, &c, &e, wgb- Physicians Prescriptions accurately compounded. FIRE INSURANCE AGENCY? Insure your Dwelling, Store or Stock of Goods in the LI V JLlir^OU, UOi\L?01N AINU ULUDL ll^OUIV/ll^Ori KjO Capital, $20,500,000 in Gold, This company paid over three (3) millions nl Chicago fire, and over one (1) million at recent fire in Boston. JAS. H. FOWLES, Agent. GOODS GIVEN AWAY Almost, or sold so cheap that the buyer receives a gTeat advantage, at the welll-known stand of C. D. KORTJOHN, OofFee, Sngar, Teas, Tobacco, Segars, Flour, Bacon, Lard, Butter, Clreese t Crackers, Canned Goods, and, in fact, everything wated for tho family. IF You do not wish to buy, come and look at my stock of Groceries und Liquors of all grades. ESPECIAL ATTENTION is called to my pure Cognac Braudy and Holland Gin, for?Medicinal purposes. REMOVED As I am beyond the necessity of selling inferior articles. I have a well-selected and first-class stock which I am anxious should be examined AT ONCE, By my friends and customers, and by the public generally. fitW* Satisfaction guaranteed, by Nov. 20-ly O. D. KORTJOHN, ? M APES' ? ?? i j, in itrogenized OF UMS, AND H. PRESTON & SONS? Amrnoniated Bone Superphosphate of LIME. iTi OA8H, SSO; TIj\C3E, &60. THE OLDEST; SUPERPHOSPHATE MANUFACTURED in" rajas COUNTRY. Above Fertilizers are made from the best and finest material obtainable The proportions of each of th'e' ingredients are such as to produce powerful and ie-- ! tive Fertilizers. ?? , r.. j,., . ItilVSMAN, & HOWELL. General Agents for South Carolina. No. 128, East Bay, Charleston, s. C. J. A. HAMILTON, Agent at Orangeburg C. H., S.O.' January 20, 1873 50** tf WILLIAM M. BIRD & 0 IMPORTERS AND MANUFACTURERS OF OILS, WEITE LEADS, ) proprietors favorite brand bri1/liant pev trole?m. AGENTS FOR Marvin's Safes, and Howe's Scales, 201, East Bay Street, (Sign of the Whale,) Charleston, &.' Cv March 27, 1873 6 3nr GEN. J. B. GORDON, President. , W. C MORRIS, Secretary. GEN. A. H. C0LQU1T, Vice-President C- F- McCAY, Consulting Actuary: BR^^CBE OFFICE OF ATLANTA DEPARTMENT.' A-SSETS, January 1st., i?V?', $1*241,947 40. BLACK & WARING, J. A. HAMILTON, General Agent.' Agent at Orangeburg, S. C MOSELEY & CROOK, COPARTNERSHIP NOTICE. HAVING Formed a copartnership under the Firm Name anu style as ab?. v?, we v.oult' respectfully call the attention of the public to the f ame. Constantly on AS Particular nttcn hand a full supply ^YFi ?P^T ^ given to the of DRY GOODS, P J- CT- T O purdiSse oi RICE' Groceries Hardware a^O u N Mo C??\?e*V &c' . I Afb, Cats, Boots HAVING B O V Ii II T Call and examin? and*and Shoes, Tin- OUR STO<lK WITI?_ TII IS_ o u r well - selected ware, dies, Garden all very cheap. wfT?W^RICEST AT* AND INDUC J> Come and see us E. EZEKIKI/S YOU TO CALZ/ once and you will OLDSTAND AGAIN, calll again. ?8ITP come AND see COME AND Ott? . W. MOSELEY. THE POST OFFICE. W. K. CRO?fc. Feb. 13, 1873 52 ? ly . The Citizens' Savings Bank OF SOUTH CAROLINA ORANGEBURG BRANCH Will pay 7 PER CENT INTEREST on SPECIALPEPOSITS and 6 PER CENT on SAV INGS DEPOSITS compounded Send-annually. * . [Local U'ina-iico Committee. Hon. THOS. W. GLOVER, Col. PAUL S. FELDER. Capt. JOHN A. HAMILTON, JAS. H. FOWLES, mch 19-ly Assistant Cashier. BULL, SCOVILL & PIKE ARS EAPIDLY HET)XJCIlSra their LAJRGkEJ STOCK OF GENERAL MERCHANDISE, INDUCEMENTS ARE OFFERED. GOOD STYLES AND DF?IRABI^ GOODS ARE ALWAYS FOUND AT BULL, SCOVIIA & PIKE'S, Who are agents for First class l.ife and fire insurance companies. Also Agents for the IMPROVED WINSHIP COTTON GIN, tmdeV ?*r?ned 150 Ids. seed cottar to each saw in 5 hours and 50 minutes. Thus, ?rfiftf*. Saw Gin can turn out about 6 bales, 400 lbs. each, in about ?-hours, if rua *?*y high rate of speed. Purchase the "VYinship Gin. ' s ? j. , i^?j^l * ^ BULL, SCOVILL & PIKK, Agentfe yld?1872?18?tf , .s ;