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PAGE TWO THE NEWBERRY SUN, NEWBERRY, SOUTH CAROLINA THURSDAY, SEPT. 21, 1961 1218 College Street DEWBERRY. S C. i BUSHED EVERY THURSDAY O E Arm field. Jr., Owner Second-Class postage paid at Newberry, South Carolina. SUBSCRIPTION RATES: $2.00 per year in ad- •' months. $1.2. r » SENATOR STROM RMOND foreign Trade Policy EVEN BEFORE the last guns of the current legislative session of Congress have been fired, much less allowed to cool, battle on one of the major issues to be decided next year is erupting into the open. This issue is foreign trade policy. THE “RECIPROCAL” Trade Act was originally passed in 1934 when Cordell Hull was Secretary of State. It has been peri odically ex tended, the last extension having been passed in 1958 for a period of four years. The Act again expires at the end of June, 1962. THE CONCEPT of the pro gram established by the Act, as originally passed, was sound. Essentially, the policy provided that the US would grant tariff concessions on imports to the US to those countries which would, in return, grant such con cessions to US exports. Proce dures were established in the Act to prevent concessions being made which would damage or im pair any segment of American in dustry and to withdraw any con- eession which had such an effect. IN THE LAST decade, the world trade picture has changed drastically. US products are now in a less competitive position, whether offered as exports or for domestic consumption. ALTHOUGH the US has re peatedly granted major reductions in tariffs to foreign nations, our exports still face tremendous trade barriers. It is obvious that our trade agreements have been far from “reciprocal.” TRADE agreements made un der this Act are now coming home to haunt and hurt us. Previously underdeveloped countries have obtained—more often than not by gift from us—the tools and know how for manufacturing. In these countries there is no collective bargaining, no high income tax, no anti-trust laws and little com passion for underpaid labor. Wages remain at unbelievably low levels. Tax concessions granted to industries in such countries are highly favorable. THERE HAS also been a breakdown in the practical effec tiveness of the “safeguard” pro cedures set up in the Act, known as the “peril point” and “escape clause” provisions. Injured do mestic industries now find them selves without remedy for either threatened or existing injury. THESE circumstances are re flected in growing “chronic un employment” in such US indus tries as textiles, plywood, bicycles, wire, nails, cameras, toys, china, and other products where labor costs constitute a relatively large portion of the total cost. Also impacted, however, are such basic industries as automobiles and steel. The overall seriousness is indicated by our baiance-of-pay- ments deficit, and the outflow-of- gold crisis. OPPOSITION to the extension of the Trade Act in 1962 will bo even more widespread and more adamant than in 1958. The Ad ministration’s tactics have been to divide opponents of the ex tension and keep them suspended on a string of promises. TEXTILES is a typical ex ample. After a study group was appointed by the President, rec ommendations were made and the President announced a 7-point program for relief of the textile industry. The US called an in ternational conference on cotton textiles, which ended with a pro posed “moratorium” for one year, looking toward a permanent agreement later. Even the mora torium was contingent on nego tiations with Japan—where we were to make concessions—and with Hong Kong, where they were to concede. The Hong Kong negotiations have not taken place. The textile industry was advised by the President to pre sent its case to OCDM. This was done, but no decision was ever announced. Everything is held in abeyance. In the mean while, the textile industry has been distracted from openly op posing an extension of the Trade Act. THE ADMINISTRATION has now revealed its plan for the new “extension.” It follows campaign platform promises—tariff reduc tions are to be made “across the board,” without any regard for effect on a particular American industry and the jobs in that in dustry. It will provide federal “adjustment assistance” (sub sidy) for American companies and workers that are injured by imported merchandise; but the aid will have a time limit, and American firms will eventually have to work out their own sal vation or go under. THE DIE has been cast, and the issue joined. Many an Amer ican job hangs in the balance, and the battle which has raged behind the scenes for months is now out in the open. (Not printed cf government expense) From The Lincoln Times, Lin coln ton, N. C.: If local communi ties don’t build and run good schools, the federal government will. That statement comes from the Chamber of Commerce of the United States, in urging popular support of school bond issues that are financially sound. Actually, the voters seem to have been doing a fine job of im proving the educational plant. Ac cording to government figures, in the last 10 years, for every en rollment increase of 100 pupils, communities have built enough classrooms to house 120 and have, in addition, replaced obsolete classrooms for 40. Half of the 36 million children in school today are in classrooms built since World War II. At the same time, another warn ing should be issued—to school boards, administrators and others in authority. There is a limit be yond which the voters and taxpay ers, either at the national or local level, will not go, not can be ex pected to go, in providing unnec essary frills and luxuries that send the cost of buildings and class rooms soaring. We need first-class educational plants, not country clubs. Local people will support all the schools we should have—the right kind of schools. From the Paire News and Cour ier, Luray, Virginia: Hardly a day passes that, a newspaper or magazine article or some orator does not call the United States the richest country on the face of the globe. To that we say "nuts.” How could any country be the richest on the face of the globe when it owes more money than all the rest of the world combined? The unfortunate part is that we have allowed this misinformation to spread and hence have inher ited all the jealousy and dislike which goes with being the top dog. It seems to us that it is high time for the truth to be known. It is alright to be top dog if it is justi fied. It is ridiculous to indulge in such fantasy when it is not. ft/ THOMAS COLLINS Buy A Retirement Home Early for Easy Change H ERE is a pattern of retire ment that usually works. Take it, apply it to the part of the country you like best, modify a corner here and there, and the C.olden Years will be within your reach. The pat^jgi comes from a lady: “Three summers ago,” she says, “my husband and I were spending our vacation in Colo rado, visiting relatives. We were still six years short of retirement, but my husband decided that while we were in Colorado we should begin looking for a retire ment home. He wanted a small piece of land, wanted it north of Denver, and wanted it on a river and near the mountains. “I almost broke into tears. We had been living in a lovely sub urb back east for 25 years. We had a modest home and many friends. I was happy. Anyway, when we had moved from the city to the suburbs I had said this was as far from civilization as I’d eycr go. . . The husband persisted and went looking. He found what he wanted. “And I knew when I saw it,” rays the wife, “that it was for me, too.” It was two acres of land on a black-top road, with a river in back and the mountains in the distance. It was 14 miles from ;he town of Longmont, an an ■'our’s drive from Denver. It was a mile from stores. “We have managed to get back • o Colorado twice a year since we bought our place,” the wife continues, “and this past sum- nier, with retirement still three years off, we were able to roof in the lower level of the house we are building and install some modem plumbing. Next summer we hope tp pass up the nearby motel where we have been stay ing on our visits and move into our home and rough it. “There are other homes along our road. Some of the people are in our age bracket, some are re tired and all are busy. We renew our f/iendships with them every time we go back. . . .” The wife says she and her hus-, band will not be concerned with changes of weather when finally they can move into their retire ment home. “We won’t have to buck traffic or punch a time clock. We’ll sit it out, cozy and warm.” Here is why this sort of retire ment pattern works: 1. A new home takes some get ting used to, especially if it’s far away and if you are of retirement age. Six years is not too long for this. Six years before retirement is better than six years after, because you’re more interesting to the natives then. 2. Getting some roots in the ground in the spot you have cho sen for retirement—such as buy ing some land or starting on a house—gives you a magnet that keeps drawing you to the spot. Many retired people who should move from their old homes, and would be happier if they did, never do it because they have built no magnets and are afraid of the unfamiliar. For a copy of the new Golden Years booklet by Thomas Collins, send 35 cents in coin (no stamps) to Dept. NWNS, Box 1672, Grand Central Sta tion. New York 17, N. Y. BANK NOTES • • • • by Malcolm DID YOU KNOW A NEW BANK BRANCH IN GREENVILLE, SOUTH CAROLINA, OPENED OFFICIALLY WHEN CHEROKEE INDIAN BRAVES FROM A NEARBY RESERVATION APPEARED IN CEREMONIAL. HEAPDRESS TO MAKE FIRST DEPOSITS OF WAMPUM- MAKING CHANGE ON A GRAND SCALE FOR MILLIONS OF RETAILERS, Wl DRIVERS, NEWSBOYS, ETC., AVAKE ACCURACY SO ESSENTIAL AND KEEPS BANKERS SO BUSY SOME OF THEM WEIGH- AS WELL AS COUNT PAPER CURRENCY AND COINS.' In an official order, Attorney General Robert Kennedy has announced that from now on, until further notice, in cases of anti-tru^t violations, where the governm. is entertain ing accepting a consent judg ment from the defendants, the proposed consent judgment wil be made public at least 30 days before it is entered in court. * * * This is per haps a step forward in the objective that has been sought by the c. W. Harder nation’s independent business men voting through the Nation al Federation of Independent Business. * * * As it has been in the past, the government could find some operation guilty of a vio lation of the anti-trust laws. The defendant corporation, rather than having the matter go to trial, can accept the gov ernment’s findings and agree to a consent judgment. This judgment has been entered in the court and the case and its records then closed, with usu ally the defendant agreeing to cease and desist, and some times paying a nominal fine, in addition. * * * From the standpoint of in dependent competitors who have been severely damaged, or ruined by the practices to which the defendant pleaded guilty, there is then no oppor tunity, from a practical stand point, to exercise the right of the injured party to sue for triple damages. * * * Of course, the injured small competitor does have the right to sue, but from a practical standpoint, the injured com- ^^JWUoni^Fedsratlonj^Irulepemlent^Bualness^ petitor does not have the funds to carry on long and expen sive search for evidence that the government has engaged in, usually with the assistance of the FBI. ♦ * * It has long been the view point of independent business men, that inasmuch as Federal tax funds were employed to dig up the findings that causes the guilty party to agree to a consent judgment, that this evidence, gathered at tax ex pense. should be available to the injured small competitors in bringing damage suits. * * * While this new order by the Attorney General does not ac complish this full objective, it at least means that it will not be possible, as in the past, for a guilty firm to engage in pri vate negotiations to cease ille gal practices, and to have the matter handled with the ut most of discretion. * * * Inasmuch as some 70% of the anti-trust cases have been handled in this manner, the issue is quite large here. * * * The purpose of the order is to permit injured competitors and other persons and government agencies, to comment upon the case at issue. Justice Dept, on the basis of such additional in formation received, will reserve the right, if it is deemed to be proper, to withhold the govern ment’s sanction to a consent judgment, and thus bring the matter for a full scale trial. * * * Probably the greatest gain for independent business gained here is a forthwith rec ognition by government that violations of the anti-trust laws are illegal, and that be fore government should accept a plea of guilty and then con sent to a modest penalty, the parties injured by the action should be heard from. AMERICANA cities To See Somerville, Massachusetts Somerville—known as the “City of Seven Hills”—is situated in the Metropolitan District of Massachusetts—only five miles from the State Capitol. It is in the Middlesex County. It is 4.2 square miles in area—and is almost entirely built up with long streets. Lateral streets rim from East to Northwest, carrying an enormous amount of traffic. Notable among these is the famous “Northern Artery” leading to northern New England. Somerville has 101 miles of streets and is a city built on seven hills: Clarendon, Prospect, Winter, Spring, Winthrop, Central .and Powder House. Settled in 1630, Somerville is on Paul Revere’s route to Con cord. The Old Powder House is one of the most interesting his toric landmarks in Massachu setts. Its seizure by the British on September 1, 1774, was one of the first hostile acts that cul minated in the march on Concord and “the shot heard round the world.” On July 4, 1631, Gover nor John Winthrop launched the first ship ever built in this coun try. This was the “P’-ssing of the Bay.” The site of the launch ing is the Mystic River in Sorrer- ville, at Ten Hills. Prospect Kill was ont. of the American strong points during the seige of Bos ton. It was here on January 1, 1776, that the Grand Union Flag was first raised. Somerville is the home of Tufts College. Somerville has 125 industries employing 6,415 people paying wages of $18,250,000, making products valued at $178,278,000 Somerville has a public school system of high rank. There are 28 public schools including two evening schools. There is one senior high and three junior high schools with approximately 12,873. There are five parochial schools with approximately 3,80-1 pupils. Present population (Jan uary 1955) is 92,305,000. ALF “ PAST TEEN The City Hall, built in 1896, is Milwaukee, Wisconsin’s tallest build ing. It reflects in its slender grace the Old World “gemutlichkeit” for which Milwaukee is famous. The City Hall sign proclaims a personalized greeting to all visitors. Popular as a convention city, Milwaukee’s hotels and meeting halls welcome delegates from all over the nation. Through the efforts of the Milwaukee Association of Commerce, more than 150,000 come to Milwaukee each year to attend approximately 350 state, regional, and national conventions. As a convention city, Milwaukee stands high, due to Its excellent rail, air and water transportation facilities, its unusual recreational advantages and convenience to Wisconsin’s outdoor playground, with the state’s excellent highway system, and because of its fine Auditorium-Arena and hotel and motel accommodations. AMERICANA Ctfle* To So« Big Spring, Texas In little less than four score years, Howard County, Texas, has been transformed from a rolling range country, littered with the bones of bison, into a land that supports varied Industries and activities. Perhaps the Spaniards, travel ing from the Gulf to Santa Fe, were the first white men to tra verse the county and to come upon the “big spring” for which the county seat is named. Some believe that the Beal-Role la Catholic colonists passed through the area before disappearing for ever. At any rate it is a ^pown fact that the country was a favor ite haunt for buffalo and antelope and that Indians battled for pos session of the spring, the Coman- ches and Pawnees having had a bloody, pitched fight. First authentic history of Big Spring comes from reports of Capt. R. B. Marcy, who discov ered it on October 3, 1849. Captain Marcy traveled Texas with a small group of 80 soldiers and a few Indian guides. This is his re port of the “big spring”: “October 3: Leaving the Salt Lake this morning, our bearing was N. 71 E. for eight miles where we reached the border of the high plain—here we could see the low bluffs in the direction we were marching, near which our guide informed us we could find a fine spring of water. Fourteen and a half miles of travel over beautiful road brought us to the spring which we found flowing from a chasm in the limestone rocks into an immense reservoir of some fifty feet in depth.” In 1904, some 100 citizens peti tion for an election to incorporate the city of Big Spring. Today, Big Spring is a city of some 30,000 in habitants. Annual events include the Big Spring Cowboy Rodeo and Reunion; a Soap Box Derby; the Annual Boy Scout Roundup for the Buffalo Trail Council—from 12 to 15 hundred boy scouts attend each year; and the Old Settlers Reunion. Howard County Junior College is located in Big Spring, which also boasts 2 high schools, 2 junior high schools and 9 ele mentary schools, as well as one special education school for hand icapped children. Petroleum,, gas and carbon firms furnish indus trial payrolls, but the largest employer is Webb Air Force Base, which has some 3,142 total personnel and a payroll of $12,000,000.